CN116732436A - 一种经济型耐热不锈钢板材及制造方法 - Google Patents
一种经济型耐热不锈钢板材及制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种经济型耐热不锈钢板材，一种经济型耐热不锈钢板材及制造方法。步骤为：1.真空感应炉冶炼，在出钢前加入稀土合金，稀土加入后在40秒内进行浇注。钢水浇注温度1500‑1550℃。2.铸锭加热温度控制为1200‑1250℃。保温时间控制在40‑60分钟，轧制开轧温度控制在1080‑1160℃，终轧温度控制在900℃以上。3.热处理温度为1060‑1120℃，钢板保温时间为2‑3min/mm，出炉水冷。此合金板材具有优异的耐高温氧化性能及经济性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种经济型耐热不锈钢板材及制造方法，具体讲是指如何通过成分设计、冶炼、模铸、热轧、热处理，在不降低耐热性能的情况下，生产出耐热不锈钢板材，降低生产成本。
背景技术
耐热不锈钢板材具有优良的高温强度（抗高温氧化、抗高温蠕变及高温持久等）、高温疲劳强度与之相适应的塑性；足够高的化学稳定性；良好的加工工艺及物理性能，目前已广泛应用于国内电站、锅炉等高温行业。此类钢种的成分特点是普遍含有较高的Cr、Ni以及Si，保证材料的组织是奥氏体，因为具有面心立方的奥氏体在650℃或更高温度下，比体心立方的铁素体和马氏体具有较高的高温强度。同时表面形成致密的、与基体结合紧密的高Cr氧化膜，使Fe离子与氧离子通过膜的扩散减慢，提高材料的高温使用性能。
本发明提供一种经济型的耐热不锈钢板材及制造方法。通过成分设计、冶炼、模铸、热轧、热处理，在不降低耐热性能的基础上，生产出耐热不锈钢板材，降低生产成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述问题，提供一种经济型耐热不锈钢板材及制造方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：一种经济型耐热不锈钢板材，经济型耐热不锈钢板材的化学成分质量百分比为C：0.04-0.08%、Si：1.0-2.0%、Mn≤0.8%、P≤0.045%、S≤0.03%、Cr：18.0-19.0%、Ni：9.0-10.0%、N：0.14-0.20%、Ce：0.03-0.08%，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质，Pb、Sn、As、Sb、Bi五害元素均不大于0.005%，总数不大于0.02%，O≤0.004%。
一种经济型耐热不锈钢板材的制造方法，包括以下步骤：步骤一：冶炼：冶炼中钢中氧含量≤40ppm，在出钢前加入稀土合金，保证钢中Ce：0.05-0.08%，稀土加入后在40秒内进行浇注，采用模铸生产，钢水浇注温度1500-1550℃； 步骤二：轧制：铸锭加热温度控制为1200-1250℃，保温时间控制在40-60分钟，轧制开轧温度控制在1080-1160℃，终轧温度为900-1000℃；步骤三：热处理：热处理温度为1060-1120℃，钢板保温时间为2-3min/mm，出炉水冷。
本发明的有益效果是：采用此方法获得的板材，具有优良抗高温氧化性能，同时具有良好的经济性。
具体实施方式
本发明技术方案如下。
所发明的经济型耐热不锈钢板材成分要求如下。
1）Pb、Sn、As、Sb、Bi五害元素均不大于0.005%，总数不大于0.02%。
2）O≤0.004%。
其它主要元素控制如下。
C可以起到稳定奥氏体的作用，在凝固过程中与Cr形成的共晶碳化物有助于避免形成结晶裂纹，同时形成弥散分布的MX碳化物可以提高持久强度。要达到以上效果，C含量应在0.04％以上。但是，当C含量过高时，形成过量的碳化物会降低韧性。因此，C含量限定在0.04-0.08％。
Si在耐热不锈钢中，Si元素被氧化形成SiO2氧化膜，其热稳定性高，不但增加了Cr2 O3氧化膜的致密度，而且提高了氧化膜与基体的附着力，减少了剥落倾向，因此为了提高抗氧化能力，Si含量控制在1.0-2.0%。
Mn起到一定的固溶强化作用，同时Mn可与有害元素S和O生成MnS和MnO，其具有脱硫和脱氧的作用。但是，过高的Mn含量，会降低腐蚀性能，因此，Mn≤0.8%。
Cr是不锈钢中的重要元素，在耐热不锈钢中，主要依靠Cr元素提高其高温抗氧化性，耐热温度随Cr元素含量的提高，综合耐热性能及经济性原则，Cr含量控制18.0-19.0%。
Ni是最重要的奥氏体形成元素，可有效抑制焊缝金属凝固时δ铁素体的形成，同时可以保证使用过程中的组织稳定性，同时Ni属于贵重的合金元素，为保证组织性能及降低生产成本，Ni含量控制在9.0-10.0%。
N氮是一种非常廉价的奥氏体化元素，能够形成、稳定和扩大奥氏体相区。在奥氏体不锈钢中，氮元素的奥氏体化能力是镍元素的20-30倍，可替代镍元素进行奥氏体化。氮的加入可以提高奥氏体不锈钢的强度，同时不会明显降低塑韧性。当N大于0.25%时，会与Cr元素作用，形成CrN析出物，降低合金腐蚀性能，并且其热加工塑性急剧降低，难以成型。N含量控制在0.14-0.20%。
Ce改善高温蠕变塑性（改善钢中的夹杂物，特别是低塑性硫化物的分布和形态），提高基体组织的连续性，从而减少应力集中的倾向。Ce提高了氧化皮和基体的结合力，不易脱落。Ce含量控制在0.03-0.08%。
2、本发明经济型耐热不锈钢板材生产步骤主要包括：冶炼、模铸、轧制、热处理等。
冶炼采用50Kg真空感应炉冶炼，但不限于电炉/中频炉+AOD方式冶炼。冶炼中严格控制钢中氧含量，要求氧含量≤40ppm，以保证钢中稀土含量命中率及减少钢中稀土夹杂物。并在出钢前加入稀土合金，(注：50Kg炉子加入含Ce 60%的稀土合金0.1-0.14Kg，钢中Ce0.05-0.08%)稀土加入后在40秒内进行浇注。
采用模铸生产，钢水浇注温度1500-1550℃ 。
轧制采用450轧机进行轧制，铸锭加热温度控制在1200-1250℃。保温时间控制在40-60分钟，轧制开轧温度控制在1080-1160℃，终轧温度控制在900℃以上。
热轧后对钢板进行热处理，热处理在热处理炉进行，热处理温度为1060-1120℃，钢板保温时间为2-3min/mm，出炉水冷。
3、该经济型耐热不锈钢其常温力学性能为：其抗拉强度≥600MPa，屈服强度≥290MPa。抗高温氧化能力好，900℃能其抗拉强度≥110MPa，钢板可以在900℃-1050℃环境下使用，超过耐热不锈钢309S性能，具有良好的经济性。
根据本发明所述的经济型耐热不锈钢的化学成分，在真空感应炉冶炼了3炉本发明钢，3炉钢的化学成分如表1所示。冶炼后浇铸成钢锭，接着进行了铸锭开坯轧制，和热处理，有关冶炼、浇铸、铸锭轧制和热处理的有关数据如表2所示，随后对钢材取样进行了力学性能试验，所得结果如表3所示。
为了对比，在相同的条件下，还冶炼了1炉耐热不锈钢309S，其化学成分和力学性能也列于表1、表2、表3。
由表1、表3可以看出，该发明的经济型耐热不锈钢性能远优于309S耐热不锈钢，且合金含量更低，成本更低。
实测本发明例1-3及对比例1的Pb、Sn、As、Sb、Bi五害元素均不大于0.005%，总数不大于0.016%。
热处理试样出炉全部水冷。
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例，但本发明所保护范围的结构特征并不限于此，任何本领域的技术人员在本发明的领域内，所作的变化或修饰皆涵盖在本发明的专利范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种经济型耐热不锈钢板材，其特征在于：经济型耐热不锈钢板材的化学成分质量百分比为C：0.04-0.08%、Si：1.0-2.0%、Mn≤0.8%、P≤0.045%、S≤0.03%、Cr：18.0-19.0%、Ni：9.0-10.0%、N：0.14-0.20%、Ce：0.03-0.08%，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质，Pb、Sn、As、Sb、Bi五害元素均不大于0.005%，总数不大于0.02%，O≤0.004%。
2.一种经济型耐热不锈钢板材的制造方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
步骤一：冶炼：冶炼中钢中氧含量≤40ppm，在出钢前加入稀土合金，保证钢中Ce：0.05-0.08%，稀土加入后在40秒内进行浇注，采用模铸生产，钢水浇注温度1500-1550℃；
步骤二：轧制：铸锭加热温度控制为1200-1250℃，保温时间控制在40-60分钟，轧制开轧温度控制在1080-1160℃，终轧温度为900-1000℃；
步骤三：热处理：热处理温度为1060-1120℃，钢板保温时间为2-3min/mm，出炉水冷。
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