CN116730772A - Special fertilizer for young tea-oil camellia forests and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for young tea-oil camellia forests and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116730772A CN116730772A CN202310600009.5A CN202310600009A CN116730772A CN 116730772 A CN116730772 A CN 116730772A CN 202310600009 A CN202310600009 A CN 202310600009A CN 116730772 A CN116730772 A CN 116730772A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 title claims description 73
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 240000002900 Arthrospira platensis Species 0.000 claims description 64
- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 64
- 229940082787 spirulina Drugs 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- UFONUKZQWFSQLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC#N Chemical compound [N].NC#N UFONUKZQWFSQLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- LHQWDZSUXOBDOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;cyanamide Chemical group [Ca].NC#N LHQWDZSUXOBDOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 2
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 42
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000209507 Camellia Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 33
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 29
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 241000808641 Betula insignis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001145025 Saussurea involucrata Species 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229930003471 Vitamin B2 Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VZCCETWTMQHEPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Linolensaeure Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(O)=O VZCCETWTMQHEPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N gamma-linolenic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000020664 gamma-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960002733 gamolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019164 vitamin B2 Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(OC)=CC=C(C=O)C2=C1 MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000147058 Derris elliptica Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000070406 Malus silvestris Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019082 Osmanthus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000333181 Osmanthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000556 factor analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a fertilizer special for camellia oleifera young forest, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the fertilizer special for camellia oleifera young forest comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 13.5 to 14.5 percent of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4.5 to 5.5 percent of phosphate fertilizer and 10.5 to 11.5 percent of potash fertilizer, wherein the total content of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30 percent. Taking Cen soft No. 3 tea-oil camellia clone young forest as a research object, and researching nutrition absorption and distribution rules of the tea-oil camellia young forest. Through a special fertilizer formula combination test, the nitrogen form of the tea-oil tree preference is clarified, a special fertilizer formula meeting the Guangxi Cen soft No. 3 tea-oil tree young forest period is screened out, the conventional habit of disordered fertilization and abusing fertilization in tea-oil tree fertilization and the habit of fertilization by experience is changed, scientific and reasonable fertilization is realized, and the purposes of yield increase, cost saving, synergy and environmental protection are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fertilizers for oil tea, in particular to a fertilizer special for young tea forests and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Oil tea (academic name Camellia oleifera Abel.) alias: tea tree, tea oil tree and white flower tea; the tea-oil tree belongs to the tea family and is evergreen small arbor. The seeds can be used for pressing oil (tea oil) for eating, so the tea oil is named. The tea oil has clear and fragrant color, rich nutrition and long storage life, and is high-quality edible oil; can also be used as lubricating oil and rust-preventive oil for industry. The tea cake is not only a pesticide, but also a fertilizer, and can improve farmland water storage capacity and prevent and treat rice field pests. The pericarp is the raw material for extracting tannin extract. The national tea-oil camellia main pushing variety and recommended variety catalogue is further preferred on the basis of 120 tea-oil camellia main pushing varieties published in 2017, 16 varieties are determined to be national main pushing varieties, 65 varieties are determined to be recommended varieties in each province (district, city), and configuration variety suggestions are provided for the first time. The main varieties of 16 national tea-oil camellia are: longlin No. 53, longlin No. 40, longlin No. 4, hua Xin, hua Jin, hua Shuo, xiang XLC15 (xiang lin 210), xiang lin No. 1, xiang lin No. 27, saussurea involucrata No. 3, saussurea involucrata No. 2, xiganwu No. 2, xing48, jingzhou oil No. 1, "Yilu" xianghua tea-oil tree and "Yichen" xianghua tea-oil tree.
The Celastrum No. 2 and Celastrum No. 3 are excellent trees selected from Celastrum soft-branch oil tea, and the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region forestry science institute adopts cutting seedling to identify and select the high-yield clone. In 2004, the identification number is as follows: osmanthus S-SC-SO-023-2004. In 2008, the identification number is as follows by the approval of the improved varieties of the forest tree in the country: the main characteristics of the national S-SC-CO-001-2008 and the national S-SC-CO-002-2008 are as follows:
(1) fast growth, early junction: 2 years after afforestation of Cean Soft 2 and Cean Soft 3, the flowers bloom, the fruiting is 3 years, and the full-bearing period is 5 years.
(2) High and stable yield: the average annual output of Cen Soft No. 2 and Cen Soft No. 3 after 5-8 years of life reaches 924.675kg/h square meter and 938.475kg/h square meter respectively; highest annual yield: the Cen soft No. 2 is 1240.5kg/h square meter, and the Cen soft No. 3 is 2163.15kg/h square meter.
(3) High oil content and good oil quality: the oil content of the seeds of Cen Soft 2 and Cen Soft 3 is 51.37% and 53.60%, the oil content of fresh fruits is 7.06% and 7.13%, and the acid value is 1.34 and 0.55 respectively.
(4) Strong resistance and wide adaptability: cen Soft 2 and Cen Soft 3 have stronger resistance to diseases and insect pests, drought and cold, and can grow well in steep hills or flat hills and places with good or poor soil quality.
Comparing parameters such as average annual oil production, highest annual yield, kernel oil content, fresh fruit oil content, acid value and the like of the Cen Soft No. 2 and the Cen Soft No. 3 in 5-8 years old, it is known that Cen Soft No. 3 is superior to Cen Soft No. 2 in terms of yield and quality. Although the performance of the Cen Soft No. 3 is superior to that of Cen Soft No. 2, there is room for optimization improvement in both yield and acid value of tea oil. At present, a lot of special fertilizers for oil tea are available, but the special fertilizers for oil tea on the market are not specially set for Cen Soft No. 3, and the special fertilizers for oil tea on the market have limited effects in improving Cen Soft No. 3 yield and reducing Cen Soft No. 3 acid value. In addition, the current Guangxi camellia oleifera has the problems of extensive artificial forest fertilization, weak formula fertilization research, limited quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the camellia oleifera, and the like. Through a special fertilizer formula combination test, the nitrogen form of the tea-oil tree preference is clarified, a special fertilizer formula which accords with Guangxi Cen soft No. 3 tea-oil tree young forest period is screened out, and an demonstration forest is established. The method aims at changing the conventional habit of disordered fertilization, abused fertilization and fertilization by experience in the oil tea fertilization, realizing scientific and reasonable fertilization, achieving the purposes of increasing yield, saving cost, improving efficiency and protecting environment, and providing theoretical support for high-yield, high-efficiency and sustainable development of the oil tea.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims at: aiming at the problems, the application provides the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest, which is environment-friendly, increases the yield, saves the cost, increases the efficiency, protects the environment and has better quality of produced camellia oleifera oil, and the preparation method and the application of the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest.
The application is realized by the following technical scheme:
the application provides a fertilizer special for camellia oleifera young forest, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 13.5 to 14.5 percent of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4.5 to 5.5 percent of phosphate fertilizer and 10.5 to 11.5 percent of potash fertilizer, wherein the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30 percent;
the nitrogen fertilizer is formed by combining an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, an amide nitrogen fertilizer and a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the content of the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 5-7wt%.
Further, the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 14-14.5% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-5.5% of phosphate fertilizer and 11-11.5% of potash fertilizer, wherein the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30%;
the nitrogen fertilizer is formed by combining an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, an amide nitrogen fertilizer and a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer, and the content of the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 6-7wt%.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 10-15% of an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 10-15% of a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, 5-7% of a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer and the balance of an amide nitrogen fertilizer.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 12-15% of an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 12-15% of a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, 6-7% of a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer and the balance of an amide nitrogen fertilizer.
Further, the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 20-25 parts of magnesium nitrate and 60-65 parts of sodium nitrate.
Further, the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer comprises 23-25 parts of magnesium nitrate and 62-65 parts of sodium nitrate in parts by weight.
Further, the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide.
Further, the fertilizer special for young tea-oil camellia forests also comprises 4-5% of spirulina powder.
The application also provides a preparation method of the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing all components forming the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest;
(2) Dividing spirulina powder into two equal parts, wherein one part is used as a raw material to be added and the other part is used as a fermentation raw material;
(3) Uniformly mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the step (1) to obtain a first mixture;
(4) Fermenting the fermentation raw material in the step (2): 1) Adding water into the fermentation raw materials, and putting into a tissue masher for breaking wall to obtain spirulina wall-broken liquid; 2) Adding snailase into the spirulina wall-broken liquid for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 45-48 ℃, and the dosage of snailase is 60-80 IU/ml, thus obtaining spirulina enzymolysis liquid; 3) Performing heat sterilization on the spirulina enzymolysis liquid, adding 0.1-0.2% of active dry yeast for fermentation, freeze-drying the fermented feed liquid, and crushing to obtain fermented spirulina;
(5) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials to be added, the first mixture and the fermented spirulina in the step (2) to obtain the special fertilizer for the young tea-oil camellia forest.
The application also provides application of the fertilizer special for young tea-oil trees in reducing the acid value of tea-oil and increasing the yield of tea-oil trees.
Aiming at the problems of extensive fertilization of artificial forest, weak research on formulated fertilization, limited quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the tea-oil camellia in the current Guangxi tea-oil camellia, the application takes Cen soft No. 3 tea-oil camellia clone young forest with the largest popularization area in Guangxi as a research object to research the nutrition absorption and distribution rule of the tea-oil camellia young forest;
study one: and (3) special fertilizer formula combination test:
the test determines the growth condition of young tea-oil trees after different formulas of tea-oil fertilizers are applied; the growth increment of the oil tea before and after the fertilization of the different oil tea formulas is shown in table 1, and the growth condition of the oil tea before and after the fertilization of the different oil tea formulas is shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 tea-oil camellia growth increment before and after fertilization of different tea-oil camellia formulas
| Tree height increment (H/m) | Chest diameter increment (H/m) | Crown amplitude increment (DBH/cm) | |
| 30％(15-7-8)0.5kg | 0.24±0.02 | 4.83±0.78 | 0.11±0.01 |
| 30％(14-7-9)0.5kg | 0.21±0.02 | 4.67±0.40 | 0.09±0.02 |
| 30％(14-5-11)0.5kg | 0.29±0.04 | 4.68±1.07 | 0.18±0.04 |
| CK | 0.26±0.03 | 3.44±0.04 | 0.13±0.03 |
Note that the data in the tables are mean.+ -. Standard error. The following is the same.
TABLE 2 growth conditions of Camellia oleifera before and after fertilization of different Camellia oleifera formulas
The results in tables 1-2 show that after 3 different ratios of oil tea fertilizers are applied, the difference between the heights of the oil tea young forests treated differently and the comparison is not obvious. The height of the young tea-oil tree in the treatment area with the application proportion of 30 percent (14-5-11) tea-oil fertilizer is 1.24 plus or minus 0.05m, the height of the young tea-oil tree in the treatment area is 0.29m higher than that of the young tea-oil tree in the treatment area with the application proportion of 30 percent (15-7-8) and 30 percent (14-7-9), and the crown width of the young tea-oil tree in the treatment area with the application proportion of 30 percent (14-5-11) is 0.38 plus or minus 0.05m 2 Higher than other processing regions. The average breast diameter of the young tea-oil camellia forest in the treatment area with the application proportion of 30 percent (15-7-8) is maximum and reaches 30.94+/-0.68 cm, which is obviously higher than that of the control area (P)<0.05 But not significantly different from other treatment areas. From the comprehensive tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that: after the oil tea fertilizer is applied according to the ratio of 3, the height, the breast diameter and the crown width of the oil tea young forest treatment room are not obviously different. However, after 30 percent (14-5-11) of the formula fertilizer is applied, the growth increment of the young tea-oil camellia forest is high, the crown width is higher than that of other treatments, the growth promoting effect is obvious, and the breast diameter is smaller than that of other treatments. The above analysis can give: by comparing the growth amount of the tea-oil camellia of one year with that of 3 tea-oil camellia fertilizers with different proportions, 30 percent (14-5-11) of the tea-oil camellia fertilizers can be deducedThe compound fertilizer has better effect of promoting the growth of young tea-oil camellia forests, but needs long-term test results to be further proved.
Study two: fertilizer efficiency comparison experiment for different fertilizing amounts
The change of the growth conditions of the oil tea with 3 different fertilization amounts is shown in table 3, and the growth indexes such as height, breast diameter, crown width and the like of young tea forests before and after application are analyzed through test statistics, so that the fertilizer efficiency difference of the oil tea fertilizer with the same formula and different application amounts is comprehensively evaluated. The single factor analysis of variance LSD multiple comparison results show that: the difference of the height of the trees among the young tea-oil camellia forests before fertilization is not obvious, but the difference of the height, the breast diameter and the crown width of the trees before fertilization and after fertilization reaches a obvious level (P < 0.05). 30 percent (14-5-11) of the oil tea tree in the area with 0.25kg after fertilization has the average height of 32cm higher than that before fertilization, reaches 1.28m and is obviously higher than other treatments. The average breast diameter of young tea-oil camellia forests in the tea-oil camellia special fertilizer treatment area with the proportion of 30 percent (14-5-11) is 30.94+/-0.68 cm, which is obviously higher than that in the control area and is higher than that in other 2 fertilizer application amount treatment areas but the difference is not obvious. 30% (14-5-11) of the oil tea in the treatment area of 0.25kg had higher growth increment amplitudes of the tree height, breast diameter and crown width than those of the other treatment areas (Table 3). From the above analysis, it can be assessed: 3 different fertilization amounts are used for processing the result judgment of the growth amount of young tea-oil camellia forests of one year, and when the fertilization amount of a single tea-oil camellia plant with the proportion of 30 percent (14-5-11) is 0.25kg, the growth condition of the tea-oil camellia is better.
TABLE 3 growth increment of young tea-oil camellia forests before and after application of different fertilizing amounts
TABLE 4 growth conditions of young tea-oil camellia forests before and after application of different fertilizing amounts
Study three: comparative test of fertilizer efficiency of nitrogen source formula with different forms
The results of the growth conditions of young tea-oil camellia forests before and after the application of the 3 different-form nitrogen source tea-oil camellia formula fertilizers are shown in Table 6, and nitrate nitrogen NO is applied 3 - The height of the camellia oleifera area tree treated by the formulated fertilizer is 1.42+/-0.03 m, the annual growth is 0.43m, and the camellia oleifera area tree is obviously higher than that of other treatment areas (P<0.05). The high annual growth of the trees in the treatment area with the ammonium nitrogen NH formula fertilizer is lower than that in the control area; applying 30% (14-5-11) urea and 30% (14-5-11) NH 4 + The average breast diameter increment of the camellia oleifera young forest in the formula fertilizer treatment area is 6.3cm and 5.3cm respectively, which is obviously higher than that of 30% (14-5-11) NO 3 - A CK region; applying 30% (14-5-11) NH 4 + After the fertilizer is formulated, the crown width of young tea-oil camellia trees reaches 0.51+/-0.04 m 2 Is obviously higher than other treatment areas after fertilization, but the annual growth quantity of young crown breadth of the camellia oleifera is not obvious from other treatment areas. The growth increment of young tea-oil camellia forests before and after application of the nitrogen source tea-oil camellia formula fertilizer with different forms can be estimated by the analysis: the breast diameter and crown width of the young camellia oleifera forests applied to 30% (14-5-11) urea treatment area are superior to those of other treatment areas (Table 6). And the growth quantity result judgment of the young tea-oil camellia forest for one year is combined, and the tea-oil camellia after being treated by 30 percent (14-5-11) urea of the amide formula fertilizer is good in growth vigor.
TABLE 5 growth increments of young tea-oil camellia forests before and after application of different forms of nitrogen formulated fertilizer
TABLE 6 growth conditions of young tea-oil camellia forests before and after application of different fertilizing amounts
The tea-oil camellia crown breadth after being treated by 30 percent (14-5-11) urea of the amide-state formula fertilizer is larger and better in growth vigor.
And (3) combining the research results of the first research, the second research and the third research to obtain a preliminary conclusion: the proportion of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the fertilizer special for young tea-oil trees is preferably as follows: 30 percent (14-5-11), the consumption of the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest is about 0.5 kg/plant, and the growth requirement of the camellia oleifera young forest is more met under the condition that the consumption of urea in the nitrogenous fertilizer of the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest is relatively high.
Based on the research, the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest and the preparation method and application thereof further consider the factors of shorter fertilizer efficiency of urea, how to further reduce the acid value of Cen soft No. 3 and the like, and further optimize the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest, firstly optimize the combination proportion of nitrogenous fertilizers, ensure that the nitrogenous fertilizers after optimizing the combination proportion have longer fertilizer efficiency and do not produce toxicity, achieve the purposes of increasing yield, saving cost, improving efficiency and protecting environment, and achieve good results in reducing the acid value of camellia oleifera and increasing the yield of camellia oleifera.
According to the special fertilizer for the young tea-oil trees and the preparation method and application thereof, the combination proportion of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is further optimized, elements such as magnesium and sodium are supplemented, and the yield of tea-oil trees can be effectively increased; the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide, the nitrification process is slow, the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release fertilizer, nitrogen is not easy to run off, the ammoniation process of organic nitrogen can be promoted, the supply level of nitrogen is improved, and the deficiency of ammonia fertilizer is effectively prevented; the cyanuramide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide, and a proper amount of spirulina powder is added, so that spirulina is rich in high-quality protein, fatty acid of gamma-linolenic acid, carotenoid, vitamin and various trace elements such as iron, iodine, selenium, zinc and the like, trace elements required by growth of young tea-oil trees can be practically supplemented, and the effect of further reducing the acid value of tea-oil is achieved; the spirulina powder is divided into two parts, wherein one part is subjected to wall breaking, snailase enzymolysis and active dry yeast fermentation in sequence, and the elements such as polypeptide, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and the like in the obtained fermented product are easier to be absorbed by the tea-oil tree, so that the effect of improving the tea saponin content of the tea-oil camellia seed shells is achieved.
Detailed Description
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
The test site is a Wu-Ming district in the Guangxi Zhuang nationality and Nanning City, and is located between 22 DEG 59 '-23 DEG 33' and 107 DEG 49 '-108 DEG 37' of northeast of the North Guangxi Zhuang, the border between the West and southwest of the Nanning City and the Pingguo county, the North is connected with the Mashan county and the Nanning City in the south; the annual average air temperature is 21.7 ℃, the average air temperature is 28.6 ℃ in the fewest July, and the extreme maximum air temperature is 40.7 ℃; the coldest month, the average air temperature is 12.8 ℃; extreme minimum air temperature-0.8 ℃. The annual rainfall in county is 1100-1700 mm, decreasing from northeast to southwest, and the difference between north and south is 300-500 mm, and there is heavy rain in northeast. However, there are also disaster weather such as cold, drought, waterlogging, wind, hail, ice, frost, etc. The area of the selected planting land is 70 mu.
In the application, all the raw materials can be purchased in the market; the modified calcium cyanamide used is a modified calcium cyanamide produced by Ningxia Darong industries, inc.
In the following embodiments, the measurement method of each parameter is as follows:
(1) Acid number refers to milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize free fatty acids in 1g of oil; is a sign of the free fatty acid content in the fat; during long-term preservation of fat, slow hydrolysis occurs due to the action of microorganisms, enzymes and heat, producing free fatty acids; the acid value is an important index of the quality of the grease, and the smaller the acid value is, the better the quality of the grease is, the better the freshness and the refining degree are; the calculation method of the acid value is a titration method.
(2) The detection method of the tea saponin content of the tea seed shell comprises the following steps: colorimetric method.
In the following examples, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer used in the comparative examples was 14-5-11 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer was urea only, and did not contain ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer.
Example 1
1. Preparing a fertilizer special for young tea-oil camellia forests:
the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 13.5% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4.5% of phosphate fertilizer, 10.5% of potash fertilizer and 4% of spirulina powder, wherein the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30%;
the nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 10% of an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 10% of a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, 5% of a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer and the balance of an amide nitrogen fertilizer; the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 20 parts of magnesium nitrate and 60 parts of sodium nitrate; the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide.
The preparation method of the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing all components forming the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest;
(2) Dividing spirulina powder into two equal parts, wherein one part is used as a raw material to be added and the other part is used as a fermentation raw material;
(3) Uniformly mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the step (1) to obtain a first mixture;
(4) Fermenting the fermentation raw material in the step (2): 1) Adding water into the fermentation raw materials, and putting into a tissue masher for breaking wall to obtain spirulina wall-broken liquid; 2) Adding snailase into the spirulina wall-broken liquid for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 45 ℃, and the dosage of snailase is 60IU/ml, thus obtaining spirulina enzymolysis liquid; 3) Performing heat sterilization on the spirulina enzymolysis liquid, adding 0.1% of active dry yeast for fermentation, performing freeze-drying on the fermented feed liquid, and crushing to obtain fermented spirulina;
(5) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials to be added, the first mixture and the fermented spirulina in the step (2) to obtain the special fertilizer for the young tea-oil camellia forest.
2. The special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest prepared by the application of the embodiment:
application example: the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest, which is prepared by the embodiment, is applied to a camellia oleifera young forest with the area of 5 mu, and the application method is as follows: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Comparative examples were applied: the method for applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in a land block with the area of 5 mu comprises the following steps: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Example 2
1. Preparing a fertilizer special for young tea-oil camellia forests:
the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 14.5% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5.5% of phosphate fertilizer, 11.5% of potash fertilizer and 5% of spirulina powder, wherein the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30%;
the nitrogen fertilizer comprises 15 weight percent of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 15 weight percent of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, 7 weight percent of cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer and the balance of amide nitrogen fertilizer; the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 25 parts of magnesium nitrate and 65 parts of sodium nitrate; the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide.
The preparation method of the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing all components forming the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest;
(2) Dividing spirulina powder into two equal parts, wherein one part is used as a raw material to be added and the other part is used as a fermentation raw material;
(3) Uniformly mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the step (1) to obtain a first mixture;
(4) Fermenting the fermentation raw material in the step (2): 1) Adding water into the fermentation raw materials, and putting into a tissue masher for breaking wall to obtain spirulina wall-broken liquid; 2) Adding snailase into the spirulina wall-broken liquid for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 48 ℃, and the dosage of snailase is 80IU/ml, thus obtaining spirulina enzymolysis liquid; 3) Performing heat sterilization on the spirulina enzymolysis liquid, adding 0.2% of active dry yeast for fermentation, performing freeze-drying on the fermented feed liquid, and crushing to obtain fermented spirulina;
(5) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials to be added, the first mixture and the fermented spirulina in the step (2) to obtain the special fertilizer for the young tea-oil camellia forest.
2. The special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest prepared by the application of the embodiment:
application example: the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest, which is prepared by the embodiment, is applied to a camellia oleifera young forest with the area of 5 mu, and the application method is as follows: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Comparative examples were applied: the method for applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in a land block with the area of 5 mu comprises the following steps: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Example 3
1. Preparing a fertilizer special for young tea-oil camellia forests:
the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 14% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5% of phosphate fertilizer, 11% of potash fertilizer and 4.5% of spirulina powder, wherein the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30%;
the nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 12% of an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 12% of a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, 6% of a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer and the balance of an amide nitrogen fertilizer; the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer comprises 23 parts of magnesium nitrate and 62 parts of sodium nitrate in parts by weight; the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide.
The preparation method of the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing all components forming the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest;
(2) Dividing spirulina powder into two equal parts, wherein one part is used as a raw material to be added and the other part is used as a fermentation raw material;
(3) Uniformly mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the step (1) to obtain a first mixture;
(4) Fermenting the fermentation raw material in the step (2): 1) Adding water into the fermentation raw materials, and putting into a tissue masher for breaking wall to obtain spirulina wall-broken liquid; 2) Adding snailase into the spirulina wall-broken liquid for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 46 ℃, and the dosage of snailase is 70IU/ml, thus obtaining spirulina enzymolysis liquid; 3) Performing heat sterilization on the spirulina enzymolysis liquid, adding 0.15% of active dry yeast for fermentation, performing freeze-drying on the fermented feed liquid, and crushing to obtain fermented spirulina;
(5) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials to be added, the first mixture and the fermented spirulina in the step (2) to obtain the special fertilizer for the young tea-oil camellia forest.
2. The special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest prepared by the application of the embodiment:
application example: the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest, which is prepared by the embodiment, is applied to a camellia oleifera young forest with the area of 5 mu, and the application method is as follows: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Comparative examples were applied: the method for applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in a land block with the area of 5 mu comprises the following steps: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Example 4
1. Preparing a fertilizer special for young tea-oil camellia forests:
the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 14% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5% of phosphate fertilizer, 11% of potash fertilizer and 4.5% of spirulina powder, wherein the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30%;
the nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 12% of an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 12% of a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, 6% of a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer and the balance of an amide nitrogen fertilizer; the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is calcium nitrate; the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide.
The preparation method of the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing all components forming the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest;
(2) Dividing spirulina powder into two equal parts, wherein one part is used as a raw material to be added and the other part is used as a fermentation raw material;
(3) Uniformly mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the step (1) to obtain a first mixture;
(4) Fermenting the fermentation raw material in the step (2): 1) Adding water into the fermentation raw materials, and putting into a tissue masher for breaking wall to obtain spirulina wall-broken liquid; 2) Adding snailase into the spirulina wall-broken liquid for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 46 ℃, and the dosage of snailase is 70IU/ml, thus obtaining spirulina enzymolysis liquid; 3) Performing heat sterilization on the spirulina enzymolysis liquid, adding 0.15% of active dry yeast for fermentation, performing freeze-drying on the fermented feed liquid, and crushing to obtain fermented spirulina;
(5) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials to be added, the first mixture and the fermented spirulina in the step (2) to obtain the special fertilizer for the young tea-oil camellia forest.
2. The special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest prepared by the application of the embodiment:
application example: the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest, which is prepared by the embodiment, is applied to a camellia oleifera young forest with the area of 5 mu, and the application method is as follows: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Comparative examples were applied: the method for applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in a land block with the area of 5 mu comprises the following steps: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Example 5
1. Preparing a fertilizer special for young tea-oil camellia forests:
the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 14% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5% of phosphate fertilizer, 11% of potash fertilizer and 4.5% of spirulina powder, wherein the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30%;
the nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 12% of an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 12% of a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, 6% of a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer and the balance of an amide nitrogen fertilizer; the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer comprises 23 parts of magnesium nitrate and 62 parts of sodium nitrate in parts by weight; the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is calcium cyanamide.
The preparation method of the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing all components forming the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest;
(2) Dividing spirulina powder into two equal parts, wherein one part is used as a raw material to be added and the other part is used as a fermentation raw material;
(3) Uniformly mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the step (1) to obtain a first mixture;
(4) Fermenting the fermentation raw material in the step (2): 1) Adding water into the fermentation raw materials, and putting into a tissue masher for breaking wall to obtain spirulina wall-broken liquid; 2) Adding snailase into the spirulina wall-broken liquid for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 46 ℃, and the dosage of snailase is 70IU/ml, thus obtaining spirulina enzymolysis liquid; 3) Performing heat sterilization on the spirulina enzymolysis liquid, adding 0.15% of active dry yeast for fermentation, performing freeze-drying on the fermented feed liquid, and crushing to obtain fermented spirulina;
(5) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials to be added, the first mixture and the fermented spirulina in the step (2) to obtain the special fertilizer for the young tea-oil camellia forest.
2. The special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest prepared by the application of the embodiment:
application example: the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest, which is prepared by the embodiment, is applied to a camellia oleifera young forest with the area of 5 mu, and the application method is as follows: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Comparative examples were applied: the method for applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in a land block with the area of 5 mu comprises the following steps: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Example 6
1. Preparing a fertilizer special for young tea-oil camellia forests:
the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 14% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5% of phosphate fertilizer, 11% of potash fertilizer and 4.5% of spirulina powder, wherein the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30%;
the nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 12% of an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 12% of a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, 6% of a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer and the balance of an amide nitrogen fertilizer; the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer comprises 23 parts of magnesium nitrate and 62 parts of sodium nitrate in parts by weight; the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide.
The preparation method of the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing all components forming the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest;
(2) Uniformly mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the step (1) to obtain a first mixture;
(3) And (3) uniformly mixing the first mixture in the step (2) with spirulina powder to obtain the special fertilizer for the young tea-oil camellia forest.
2. The special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest prepared by the application of the embodiment:
application example: the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest, which is prepared by the embodiment, is applied to a camellia oleifera young forest with the area of 5 mu, and the application method is as follows: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Comparative examples were applied: the method for applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in a land block with the area of 5 mu comprises the following steps: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Example 7
1. Preparing a fertilizer special for young tea-oil camellia forests:
the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 14% of a nitrogenous fertilizer, 5% of a phosphate fertilizer and 11% of a potash fertilizer, wherein the sum of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30%;
the nitrogen fertilizer comprises, by weight, 12% of an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 12% of a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, 6% of a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer and the balance of an amide nitrogen fertilizer; the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer comprises 23 parts of magnesium nitrate and 62 parts of sodium nitrate in parts by weight; the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide.
The preparation method of the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest comprises the following steps: weighing all components forming the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest.
2. The special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest prepared by the application of the embodiment:
application example: the special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera young forest, which is prepared by the embodiment, is applied to a camellia oleifera young forest with the area of 5 mu, and the application method is as follows: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
Comparative examples were applied: the method for applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in a land block with the area of 5 mu comprises the following steps: when cultivation and hilling are carried out, 0.5kg of plants are applied, and the fertilization frequency is 3 times a year.
In examples 1 to 7, the special fertilizer for young tea-oil camellia forests was applied 3 times a year from the first year of field planting of young tea-oil camellia seedlings, flowering was performed 2 years after forestation, the result was obtained in 3 years, 5 years was put into the full-term period, continuous fertilization was performed until tea-oil camellia plants were put into the full-term period, and the results of the third year to sixth year of tea-oil camellia output in examples 1 to 7 were counted, as shown in tables 7 to 8 below.
TABLE 7
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TABLE 8
As can be seen from the test results in the above examples and comparative examples, the fertilizer special for young camellia oleifera forests, the preparation method and the application thereof, and the preliminary conclusion is obtained by combining the research results of the first to third researches: the proportion of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the fertilizer special for young tea-oil trees is preferably as follows: 30 percent (14-5-11), the consumption of the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest is about 0.5 kg/plant, and the growth requirement of the camellia oleifera young forest is better met under the condition that the consumption of urea in the nitrogenous fertilizer of the fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest is relatively high; further considering the factors of shorter fertilizer efficiency of urea, how to further reduce the acid value of Cen soft No. 3 and the like, the special fertilizer for young tea-oil trees is further optimized, firstly, the optimization of the nitrogen fertilizer combination proportion is carried out, the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency after the optimization of the combination proportion is longer, no poison is generated, the purposes of increasing yield, saving cost, improving efficiency and protecting environment are achieved, and good effects are achieved in the aspects of reducing the acid value of tea-oil and increasing the yield of tea-oil trees; the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer combination ratio is further optimized, elements such as magnesium, sodium and the like are supplemented, and the yield of the oil tea can be effectively increased; the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide, the nitrification process is slow, the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is slow-release fertilizer, nitrogen is not easy to run off, the ammoniation process of organic nitrogen can be promoted, the supply level of nitrogen is improved, and the deficiency of ammonia fertilizer is effectively prevented; the cyanuramide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide, and a proper amount of spirulina powder is added, so that spirulina is rich in high-quality protein, fatty acid of gamma-linolenic acid, carotenoid, vitamin and various trace elements such as iron, iodine, selenium, zinc and the like, trace elements required by growth of young tea-oil trees can be practically supplemented, and the effect of further reducing the acid value of tea-oil is achieved; the spirulina powder is divided into two parts, wherein one part is subjected to wall breaking, snailase enzymolysis and active dry yeast fermentation in sequence, and the elements such as polypeptide, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and the like in the obtained fermented product are easier to be absorbed by the tea-oil tree, so that the effect of improving the tea saponin content of the tea-oil camellia seed shells is achieved.
While the application has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the application and are intended to be within the scope of the application as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The fertilizer special for the camellia oleifera young forest is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 13.5 to 14.5 percent of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4.5 to 5.5 percent of phosphate fertilizer and 10.5 to 11.5 percent of potash fertilizer, wherein the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30 percent;
the nitrogen fertilizer is formed by combining an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, an amide nitrogen fertilizer and a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the content of the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 5-7wt%.
2. The fertilizer special for camellia oleifera young forest of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer special for camellia oleifera young forest comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 14-14.5% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-5.5% of phosphate fertilizer and 11-11.5% of potash fertilizer, wherein the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 30%;
the nitrogen fertilizer is formed by combining an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, an amide nitrogen fertilizer and a cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer, and the content of the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer is 6-7wt%.
3. The fertilizer special for young camellia oleifera forests of claim 1, wherein the nitrogenous fertilizer comprises, by weight, 10-15% of an ammonium nitrogenous fertilizer, 10-15% of a nitrate nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-7% of a cyanamide nitrogenous fertilizer, and the balance being an amide nitrogenous fertilizer.
4. The fertilizer special for young camellia oleifera forests of claim 1, wherein the nitrogenous fertilizer comprises, by weight, 12-15% of an ammonium nitrogenous fertilizer, 12-15% of a nitrate nitrogenous fertilizer, 6-7% of a cyanamide nitrogenous fertilizer, and the balance being an amide nitrogenous fertilizer.
5. The fertilizer special for camellia oleifera young forest of claim 1, wherein the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer comprises 20-25 parts by weight of magnesium nitrate and 60-65 parts by weight of sodium nitrate.
6. The fertilizer special for camellia oleifera young forest of claim 1, wherein the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer comprises 23-25 parts by weight of magnesium nitrate and 62-65 parts by weight of sodium nitrate.
7. The fertilizer special for young camellia oleifera forests of claim 1, wherein the cyanamide nitrogen fertilizer is modified calcium cyanamide.
8. The fertilizer special for camellia oleifera young forest of claim 7, wherein the fertilizer special for camellia oleifera young forest further comprises 4-5% of spirulina powder.
9. The preparation method of the fertilizer special for camellia oleifera young forest as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Weighing all components forming the fertilizer special for the young tea-oil camellia forest;
(2) Dividing spirulina powder into two equal parts, wherein one part is used as a raw material to be added and the other part is used as a fermentation raw material;
(3) Uniformly mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in the step (1) to obtain a first mixture;
(4) Fermenting the fermentation raw material in the step (2): 1) Adding water into the fermentation raw materials, and putting into a tissue masher for breaking wall to obtain spirulina wall-broken liquid; 2) Adding snailase into the spirulina wall-broken liquid for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 45-48 ℃, and the dosage of snailase is 60-80 IU/ml, thus obtaining spirulina enzymolysis liquid; 3) Performing heat sterilization on the spirulina enzymolysis liquid, adding 0.1-0.2% of active dry yeast for fermentation, freeze-drying the fermented feed liquid, and crushing to obtain fermented spirulina;
(5) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials to be added, the first mixture and the fermented spirulina in the step (2) to obtain the special fertilizer for the young tea-oil camellia forest.
10. The use of a fertilizer for young camellia oleifera forests as claimed in claim 1 for reducing the acid value of camellia oleifera and increasing the yield of camellia oleifera.
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