CN116727211A - 一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法 - Google Patents
一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法,包括以下步骤:S1.将混合沥青加入溶剂中浸泡6‑8h,然后搅拌0.5‑1h得到混合溶液,将添加剂加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液;S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥8‑12分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤2‑4分钟。本发明能有效避免锂离子电池钢壳表面被酸性电解液侵蚀。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池的封装主要有三条技术路线:钢壳圆柱、铝壳方形及铝塑膜软包,其中,钢壳圆柱型锂离子电池具有结构坚固的优点,因而广泛应用于电动工具、无绳白色家电、家用储能、电动两轮车及电动汽车等领域。这里的“钢壳”实际指代的是一类由铁镀镍板材经过冲压成型得到的圆柱壳体,并非由不锈钢构成。由于“钢壳”中的Fe/Ni在酸性电解液体系中不稳定,存在酸蚀并由此引发一系列的锂电池自放电现象的可能性,所以如何增强“钢壳”的耐腐蚀性、降低因其引发的自放电率,成为一直困扰着钢壳圆柱锂电池制造业的行业性难题。
目前行业内“钢壳”的制造过程主要包括冲压、清洗和涂油三道工艺,其中涂油工艺也叫防锈工艺,是为了隔绝镀镍层与空气、水的接触,在表面采用一种弱碱性物质与矿物油的防锈试剂组合(一般是脂肪酸、二环己胺、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)对壳体表面的保护措施。虽然经过涂油处理的钢壳在干燥空气中可以维持数年不生锈,但是在酸性电解液的持续化学腐蚀下,尤其是叠加高温因素后,钢壳表面的镍镀层会逐渐溶解,露出里面的铁,进而失去保护作用。实验数据表明,弱碱性化合物与矿物油组成的防锈试剂组合不能有效阻止壳体被电解液酸蚀(由高温存储10天开始自放电变成7天开始自放电,没有体现出防腐效果)。因此,亟需一种更加有效、经济的方法对“钢壳”-电解液体系提供持续的防腐保护。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法,该方法能有效避免锂离子电池钢壳表面被酸性电解液侵蚀。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将混合沥青加入溶剂中浸泡6-8h,然后搅拌0.5-1h得到混合溶液,将添加剂加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥8-12分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤2-4分钟。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤S1中,混合沥青、溶剂、添加剂的质量比为(5-20):(80-120):(0.5-4)。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤S1中,混合沥青由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤S1中,溶剂为甲苯或二甲苯。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤S1中,添加剂为三甲基硅咪唑、六甲基二硅胺烷、铝粉、氧化铝或勃姆石中的其中一种或几种。
进一步地,本发明所述步骤S2中,沥青处理液的涂抹方式为喷涂或旋涂或刷涂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1)本发明使用的沥青处理液中的混合沥青能起到很好的物理阻隔作用,锂离子电池钢壳经过本发明处理后表面会形成沥青涂层,该沥青涂层具有较高的密度和粘度,能有效阻止水分、氧气、盐分、酸碱等腐蚀介质渗透至锂离子电池钢壳表面,从而减少腐蚀电路的形成和传导,此外,沥青涂层还具有一定的弹性和韧性,能适应基材的热胀冷缩和微小变形,避免涂层开裂或剥离。
2)本发明使用的添加剂中的三甲基硅咪唑、六甲基二硅胺烷、氧化铝和伯姆石赋予了沥青涂层额外的化学阻隔作用,这些添加剂或含有孤对电子、或为碱性(式)氧化物,均能与电解液介质中的酸性物质发生路易斯酸碱反应或中和反应,生成无害的中性物质,从而减少酸性电解液对钢壳表面的侵蚀,此外,沥青涂层本身对酸性电解液也能表现出较强的化学惰性,不易被溶解或破坏。
3)本发明使用的添加剂中的铝粉赋予了沥青涂层额外的电化学阻隔作用,铝粉比锂离子电池钢壳更活泼,能在水分和氧气通过涂层时发生牺牲阳极反应,形成阴极保护,从而抑制钢壳表面的阳极反应,即金属离子的溶出,进而达到防腐目的。
4)沥青涂层的阻隔作用是多种方式协同产生的,能有效避免锂离子电池钢壳被酸性电解液侵蚀,实验表明,经过本发明方法处理后的锂离子电池钢壳由高温存储10天开始自放电延后至31天内不发生自放电,表现出极佳的防腐效果。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,并不构成对本发明的不当限定,在附图中:
图1为经过实施例1防腐处理后的锂离子电池钢壳的高温存储后的自放电率图;
图2为经过实施例2防腐处理后的锂离子电池钢壳的高温存储后的自放电率图;
图3为经过实施例3防腐处理后的锂离子电池钢壳的高温存储后的自放电率图;
图4为经过实施例4防腐处理后的锂离子电池钢壳的高温存储后的自放电率图;
图5为经过实施例5防腐处理后的锂离子电池钢壳的高温存储后的自放电率图;
图6为经过实施例6防腐处理后的锂离子电池钢壳的高温存储后的自放电率图;
图7为经过实施例7防腐处理后的锂离子电池钢壳的高温存储后的自放电率图;
图8为经过防锈试剂组合处理的锂离子电池钢壳的高温存储后的自放电率图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例来详细说明本发明,在此本发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1,按照以下步骤对锂离子电池钢壳的表面进行防腐处理:
S1.将由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成的混合沥青加入甲苯中浸泡7h,然后搅拌0.8h得到混合溶液,将三甲基硅咪唑、六甲基二硅胺烷加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液,混合沥青、甲苯、三甲基硅咪唑、六甲基二硅胺烷的质量比为20:100:2:2;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液以喷涂的方式均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥10分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤3分钟。
采用锂离子电池钢壳在45℃高温存储后的自放电率来评价防腐效果,经测试,如图1所示,经过实施例1处理后的锂离子电池钢壳由原来高温存储10天发生自放电延后至存储大于31天发生自放电,表现出极佳的防腐效果。
实施例2,按照以下步骤对锂离子电池钢壳的表面进行防腐处理:
S1.将由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成的混合沥青加入甲苯中浸泡7h,然后搅拌0.8h得到混合溶液,将三甲基硅咪唑、六甲基二硅胺烷加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液,混合沥青、甲苯、三甲基硅咪唑、六甲基二硅胺烷的质量比为5:100:1:1;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液以喷涂的方式均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥10分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤3分钟。
采用锂离子电池钢壳在45℃高温存储后的自放电率来评价防腐效果,经测试,如图2所示,经过实施例1处理后的锂离子电池钢壳由原来高温存储10天发生自放电延后至存储22天发生自放电,表现出优异的防腐效果。
实施例3,按照以下步骤对锂离子电池钢壳的表面进行防腐处理:
S1.将由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成的混合沥青加入甲苯中浸泡7h,然后搅拌0.8h得到沥青处理液,混合沥青、甲苯的质量比为20:100;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液以喷涂的方式均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥10分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤3分钟。
采用锂离子电池钢壳在45℃高温存储后的自放电率来评价防腐效果,经测试,如图3所示,经过实施例1处理后的锂离子电池钢壳由原来高温存储10天发生自放电延后至存储25天发生自放电,表现出优异的防腐效果。
实施例4,按照以下步骤对锂离子电池钢壳的表面进行防腐处理:
S1.将由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成的混合沥青加入甲苯中浸泡7h,然后搅拌0.8h得到混合溶液,将三甲基硅咪唑加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液,混合沥青、甲苯、三甲基硅咪唑的质量比为5:100:2;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液以喷涂的方式均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥10分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤3分钟。
采用锂离子电池钢壳在45℃高温存储后的自放电率来评价防腐效果,经测试,如图4所示,经过实施例1处理后的锂离子电池钢壳由原来高温存储10天发生自放电延后至存储16天发生自放电,表现出显著的防腐效果。
实施例5,按照以下步骤对锂离子电池钢壳的表面进行防腐处理:
S1.将由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成的混合沥青加入甲苯中浸泡7h,然后搅拌0.8h得到混合溶液,将六甲基二硅胺烷加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液,混合沥青、甲苯、六甲基二硅胺烷的质量比为5:100:2;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液以喷涂的方式均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥10分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤3分钟。
采用锂离子电池钢壳在45℃高温存储后的自放电率来评价防腐效果,经测试,如图5所示,经过实施例1处理后的锂离子电池钢壳由原来高温存储10天发生自放电延后至存储16天发生自放电,表现出显著的防腐效果。
实施例6,按照以下步骤对锂离子电池钢壳的表面进行防腐处理:
S1.将由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成的混合沥青加入甲苯中浸泡7h,然后搅拌0.8h得到混合溶液,将铝粉加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液,混合沥青、甲苯、铝粉的质量比为5:100:2;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液以喷涂的方式均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的内壁以及除底部焊接位置以外的表面处,涂抹完毕后自然干燥10分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤3分钟。
采用锂离子电池钢壳在45℃高温存储后的自放电率来评价防腐效果,经测试,如图6所示,经过实施例1处理后的锂离子电池钢壳由原来高温存储10天发生自放电延后至存储13天发生自放电,表现出显著的防腐效果。
实施例7,按照以下步骤对锂离子电池钢壳的表面进行防腐处理:
S1.将由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成的混合沥青加入甲苯中浸泡7h,然后搅拌0.8h得到混合溶液,将三甲基硅咪唑、氧化铝加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液,混合沥青、甲苯、三甲基硅咪唑、氧化铝的质量比为20:100:1:1;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液以喷涂的方式均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥10分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤3分钟。
采用锂离子电池钢壳在45℃高温存储后的自放电率来评价防腐效果,经测试,如图7所示,经过实施例1处理后的锂离子电池钢壳由原来高温存储10天发生自放电延后至存储大于31天发生自放电,表现出极佳的防腐效果。
对比例:使用防锈试剂组合(质量比为36:24:20:20的脂肪酸、二环己胺、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、水)对锂离子电池钢壳的表面进行表面防腐处理
采用锂离子电池钢壳在45℃高温存储后的自放电率来评价防腐效果,经测试,如图8所示,锂离子电池钢壳在高温存储7天发生自放电,表现为最弱的防腐效果。
此外,由实施例1-7的防腐效果比较可知,当沥青处理液中缺少添加剂时防腐效果会有不同程度的弱化,当混合沥青和添加剂同时存在时可以达到较好的防腐效果。
实施例8,按照以下步骤对锂离子电池钢壳的表面进行防腐处理:
S1.将由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成的混合沥青加入二甲苯中浸泡6h,然后搅拌0.5h得到混合溶液,将氧化铝加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液,混合沥青、二甲苯、氧化铝的质量比为15:80:0.5;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液以旋涂的方式均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥8分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤2分钟。
实施例9,按照以下步骤对锂离子电池钢壳的表面进行防腐处理:
S1.将由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成的混合沥青加入二甲苯中浸泡8h,然后搅拌1h得到混合溶液,将勃姆石加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液,混合沥青、二甲苯、勃姆石的质量比为20:120:3;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液以刷涂的方式均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥12分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤4分钟。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (5)
1.一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1.将混合沥青加入溶剂中浸泡6-8h,然后搅拌0.5-1h得到混合溶液,将添加剂加入混合溶液中,搅拌至混合均匀得到沥青处理液,添加剂为三甲基硅咪唑、六甲基二硅胺烷、铝粉、氧化铝或勃姆石中的其中一种或几种;
S2.将步骤S1得到的沥青处理液均匀涂抹于锂离子电池钢壳的除底部焊接位置以外的内壁的表面,涂抹完毕后自然干燥8-12分钟使溶剂挥发,然后80℃下烘烤2-4分钟。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中,混合沥青、溶剂、添加剂的质量比为(5-20):(80-120):(0.5-4)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中,混合沥青由等质量的60号沥青和20号沥青组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中,溶剂为甲苯或二甲苯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池钢壳的表面防腐处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中,沥青处理液的涂抹方式为喷涂或旋涂或刷涂。
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