CN116725121A - Plant extract feed additive for ruminant animals, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Plant extract feed additive for ruminant animals, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116725121A CN116725121A CN202310795885.8A CN202310795885A CN116725121A CN 116725121 A CN116725121 A CN 116725121A CN 202310795885 A CN202310795885 A CN 202310795885A CN 116725121 A CN116725121 A CN 116725121A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- essential oil
- parts
- coating
- composition
- plant
- Prior art date
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- Pending
Links
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
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- RECUKUPTGUEGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvacrol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 RECUKUPTGUEGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- HHTWOMMSBMNRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvacrol Natural products CC(=C)C1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 HHTWOMMSBMNRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of feed additives, and in particular discloses a plant extract feed additive for ruminants, a preparation method and application thereof. The plant extract feed additive comprises a plant essential oil composition and a coating material for coating the plant essential oil composition, wherein the plant essential oil composition comprises the following components: cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil, juniper essential oil, bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil; the preparation method comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of selecting lipid as a coating material, uniformly mixing plant essential oil composition and lipid in proportion, and spray cooling and granulating, wherein the lipid is palm oil or coconut oil. The feed additive can be used for slowly releasing the plant essential oil in the rumen, so that the plant essential oil can better regulate and control the rumen function, and the plant essential oil can improve the balance of intestinal microorganisms, enhance the antioxidant capacity of organisms, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances and improve the growth performance of animals.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a plant extract feed additive for ruminants.
Background
Ruminant refers to the re-chewing of food semi-digested in the rumen back into the mouth after a period of time following ingestion, a step in the process of ruminant energy harvesting from the plant cell wall. Ruminants reduce the size of the fiber particles, exposing sugar for microbial fermentation; in addition, buffer substances (carbonates and phosphates) in saliva neutralize acids produced by microbial fermentation in order to maintain a neutral, biased acid environment that favors fiber degradation and rumen microbial growth. Ruminants generally eat a hurry, particularly coarse feed, and most of the feed is swallowed into the rumen without sufficient chewing, and after the feed is soaked and softened in the rumen for a period of time, the feed returns to the oral cavity again through retching, is chewed again, is mixed with saliva again, and is swallowed again into the rumen.
The rumen is the first "darkroom" for food to enter the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, and is also the "main battlefield" for food digestion. Rumen is a closed living fermenter in which many kinds of microorganisms, mainly including three kinds of protozoa, bacteria and fungi, inhabit. After food is fully digested in the rumen by microorganisms, about 50% of crude fiber can be digested in the rumen, and the fermentation end product is volatile fatty acid, which is absorbed by the rumen wall to become a main energy source for ruminants. Meanwhile, microorganisms in the rumen can decompose to produce about 60% -65% of crude proteins, which can reach the intestinal tract for the intestinal tract to absorb nutrients.
Currently, in order to increase the fermentation efficiency of ruminants, some antibiotic ionophores (rumen proteins) are added to animal feed, and the use of rumen proteins can reduce the energy and protein losses due to rumen fermentation. However, the addition of antibiotics to feed may remain in the animal products and produce resistant bacteria that are not acceptable to the general public. The use of antibiotics has been banned in the European Union 1 in 2006, and China has clearly failed to add antibiotics to cow feed. Based on this, animal nutrition scientists began to study alternatives to antibiotics to regulate rumen fermentation, including yeasts, organic acids, plant extracts (mainly plant essential oils) and probiotics.
The plant essential oil has wide antibacterial activity and has inhibiting and killing effects on gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria. Some of the plant essential oils can promote rumen fermentation, some inhibit methanogenesis, and some can alter the composition of volatile fatty acids and nitrogen metabolism. Some studies have found that certain plant essential oils and their components alter the proportion of volatile fatty acids, acting similarly to monensin (e.g. decreasing the proportion of acetic acid, increasing the proportion of propionic acid), which are believed to be a beneficial effect of adding plant essential oils.
Meanwhile, related researches show that the plant essential oil can inhibit and kill harmful bacteria in the intestinal tracts of ruminants, promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances in small intestines, further improve the survival rate of ruminants, prevent diarrhea and constipation of ruminants, improve daily gain of ruminants, improve feed conversion rate and also play a role in preventing yellow-marked meat. However, the plant essential oil has small weight and is very easy to volatilize, and the plant essential oil is directly added into feed, so that the application rate of the essential oil is low, and the normal regulation effect of the essential oil for the rumen function cannot be fully exerted.
In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventors considered that there is a need to develop an additive for replacing rumin in the rumen while inhibiting and killing harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract of ruminant animals, promoting proliferation of beneficial bacteria, promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine of ruminant animals, and further improving survival rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to develop an additive for replacing rumin in rumen, inhibiting and killing harmful bacteria in intestinal tracts of ruminants, promoting proliferation of beneficial bacteria and promoting digestion and absorption of nutrient substances in small intestines of ruminants, the application provides a plant extract feed additive for ruminants.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a plant extract feed additive for ruminants, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a plant extract feed additive for ruminants, comprising 20-30 parts by weight of a plant essential oil composition and 60-90 parts by weight of a coating material for coating the plant essential oil composition, the plant essential oil composition comprising the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of cinnamaldehyde, 4-10 parts of carvacrol, 3-8 parts of vervain essential oil, 3-8 parts of juniper essential oil, 2-6 parts of bergamot essential oil, 2-6 parts of lyme essential oil, 1-5 parts of cajeput essential oil, 1-5 parts of rosewood essential oil and 1-5 parts of fir essential oil.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cinnamaldehyde can destroy the cell wall structure of harmful bacteria so as to play a role in bacteriostasis and sterilization, especially can kill methanogenesis bacteria, reduce methane release, regulate and control nitrogen metabolism, and can improve the proportion of propionic acid, so that the feed can provide more effective energy for animals; carvacrol can show antibacterial activity to gram-negative bacteria by cracking cell membranes, releasing lipopolysaccharide and increasing the permeability of the cell membranes, and can regulate and control the rumen microbial environment to a certain extent; the carvacrol can remove free radicals of organisms, kill pathogenic bacteria in intestinal tracts, improve the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, relieve apoptosis of intestinal cells, maintain morphological and structural integrity of intestinal tracts, promote growth and development of animals, inhibit protein fermentation in large intestines, promote digestion of nitrogen in small intestines, and reduce emission of ammonia and odor into the environment; the vervain essential oil, juniper essential oil, bergamot essential oil, cajeput essential oil, china fir essential oil have certain inhibitory activity on escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and the like, and the vervain essential oil can overcome regurgitation, dyspepsia and flatulence, stimulate appetite, promote bile secretion to decompose fat, and the bergamot essential oil, the cajeput essential oil, the rosewood essential oil, the China fir essential oil are sweet in smell, and have the effects of stimulating appetite, inducing food and the like; the cajeput essential oil has the effects of enhancing immunity, improving intestinal barrier and the like.
The composition obtained by compounding the components can effectively improve symptoms such as ruminal tympany, rumen food retention and the like of ruminants. Meanwhile, the coating material is used for carrying out slow-release coating treatment on the plant essential oil composition, so that on one hand, the volatilization or oxidation of the plant essential oil composition in animal feed can be prevented; on the other hand, the plant essential oil composition can be better released in the rumen of ruminants, and can be combined with microorganisms in the rumen to better regulate and control the functions of the rumen. The additive has the advantages that the active ingredients are natural substances, the additive is green and safe, the additive can be used for a long time, and the additive adopts the active ingredients, so that the dosage is small, and the palatability is not affected.
In a specific embodiment, the plant essential oil composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of cinnamaldehyde, 6-8 parts of carvacrol, 4-6 parts of vervain essential oil, 4-6 parts of juniper essential oil, 4-5 parts of bergamot essential oil, 4-5 parts of lyme essential oil, 2-4 parts of cajeput essential oil, 2-4 parts of rosewood essential oil and 2-4 parts of fir essential oil.
In a specific embodiment, the plant essential oil composition comprises a first composition comprising cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil, and juniper essential oil, and a second composition comprising bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil, and fir essential oil, the coating material comprising a first coating for coating the first composition and a second coating for coating the second composition, the second coating comprising a first slow release coating and a second slow release coating.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ruminant can quickly ferment to generate a large amount of methane under the action of methanogen in the rumen due to feeding a large amount of feed easy to ferment, and the large amount of methane is easy to cause the rumen and the reticulum of the ruminant to rapidly expand, so that symptoms of ruminal tympany appear. After the feed additive reaches the rumen, the first coating is digested, thereby releasing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil. Meanwhile, the slow-release coating is digested, so that bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil are released. The broad-spectrum antibacterial property of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil is utilized, so that the number of methanogens can be effectively reduced, the mass production of methane gas is reduced, and the symptom of ruminant ruminal tympany is improved; the bergamot essential oil, the lyme essential oil, the cajeput essential oil, the rosewood essential oil and the fir essential oil have the effects of stimulating appetite, inducing food and the like, overcome regurgitation, dyspepsia and flatulence of ruminants, stimulate the appetite of the ruminants, promote the secretion of bile to decompose fat, improve the symptom of inappetence of the ruminants and solve the problem of food retention in the rumen of the ruminants. The slow release coating reaches the intestinal tract to be digested, thereby releasing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil. The bergamot essential oil, the lyme essential oil, the cajeput essential oil, the rosewood essential oil and the fir essential oil have the effects of enhancing intestinal immunity, improving intestinal barrier and the like, and can be used for improving symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal distention or diarrhea of ruminants. The application utilizes the first coating, the first slow-release coating and the later slow-release coating to coat each group of plant essential oil composition respectively, plays a role of segmented slow release, and further improves the slow release effect.
In a specific embodiment, the first coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of matrix and 150-200 parts of solvent, wherein the matrix is sodium alginate, acacia, xanthan gum, chitosan or gelatin, and the solvent is water.
By adopting the technical scheme, the network structure protective layer with strong compactness is formed by using natural macromolecular materials such as sodium alginate, acacia, xanthan gum, chitosan or gelatin, and the first composition is wrapped in the network structure protective layer. After the feed additive formed by the first coating and the first composition reaches the rumen, a large amount of microbial horses are clung to the surface of the feed, and digestive enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, beta-glycosidase and the like are secreted, so that polysaccharide substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and the like in food are quickly decomposed into monosaccharides, and are converted into volatile fatty acids, carbon dioxide and the like, thereby providing 60-70% of energy sources for ruminants. The natural macromolecular materials such as sodium alginate, arabic gum, xanthan gum, chitosan or gelatin also belong to polysaccharide substances, so that the natural macromolecular materials can be gradually decomposed by digestive enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, beta-glycosidase and the like, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil are slowly released in rumen, and the problem that the release of plant essential oil components in the first coating in stomach is too fast is effectively solved.
In a specific embodiment, the second coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of matrix, 10-25 parts of post-release coating and 150-200 parts of solvent, wherein the matrix is sodium alginate, acacia, xanthan gum, chitosan or gelatin, the post-release coating is corn starch, potato starch or sweet potato starch, the solvent is water, and the pre-release coating comprises the matrix and the solvent.
By adopting the technical scheme, on the basis of natural macromolecular materials such as sodium alginate, arabic gum, xanthan gum, chitosan and gelatin, the post-release coating such as corn starch, potato starch or sweet potato starch is added, and the post-release coating is not decomposed in the rumen due to no amylase in the rumen, and the intestinal tract secretes pancreatic amylase and intestinal amylase, so that the starch can be digested under the action of the pancreatic amylase and the intestinal amylase in the intestinal tract.
After the feed additive reaches the rumen, firstly, natural macromolecular materials in the slow-release coating are decomposed by digestive enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, beta-glycosidase and the like secreted by microorganisms in the rumen, then the slow-release coating can be decomposed by the action of pancreatic amylase and intestinal amylase, so that the decomposition rate of the slow-release coating is reduced, the first composition and part of the second composition are released in the rumen before the slow-release coating is decomposed, and part of the second composition is released in the rear section of the intestinal tract, so that the segmented slow-release function is achieved, and after the microbial environment in the rumen is improved by cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil, juniper essential oil, bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and China fir essential oil are used for playing the roles of appetizing, inducing food, and improving the symptoms such as inappetence, vomiting, abdominal distention or diarrhea of ruminants, so as to achieve better effects.
In a second aspect, the application provides a method for preparing a feed additive for ruminants, which adopts the following technical scheme:
uniformly mixing the components according to a certain proportion to obtain a plant essential oil composition; the preparation method comprises the steps of selecting lipid as a coating material, uniformly mixing a plant essential oil composition and the lipid according to a proportion, and performing spray cooling granulation to obtain a feed additive; the lipid is palm oil or coconut oil.
By adopting the technical scheme, the coconut oil or the palm oil is non-volatile and rich in medium-short chain fatty acid, can be quickly absorbed by ruminants, takes the coconut oil or the palm oil as a carrier of the plant essential oil, and dissolves the plant essential oil in the coconut oil or the palm oil, so that the loss or the oxidation caused by the volatilization of the essential oil can be avoided; meanwhile, the method is favorable for promoting the slow release of the plant essential oil in the rumen of ruminants, and the plant essential oil acts together with microorganisms in the rumen to better regulate and control the rumen function, and has unexpected synergistic effects in improving the balance of intestinal microorganisms, guaranteeing the barrier function of the intestinal tracts, enhancing the oxidation resistance and the immunity of the organism, enhancing the digestive enzyme activity of the gastrointestinal tract, promoting the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances and effectively improving the growth performance of animals.
In a specific embodiment, the method comprises the steps of:
uniformly mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a first composition;
mixing the first composition with the first coating in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain first slow-release particles;
uniformly mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a second composition;
dividing the second composition into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils according to a weight ratio of 3:2;
uniformly mixing the first group of essential oil with the first slow-release coating according to a proportion to obtain a first slow-release layer;
uniformly mixing the first group of essential oil and the rear slow-release coating according to a proportion to obtain a rear slow-release layer;
uniformly mixing the second group of essential oil with the rear slow-release coating according to a proportion to obtain a rear slow-release layer;
uniformly mixing the first slow release layer and the second slow release layer, extruding and cutting to obtain second slow release particles;
and uniformly mixing the first slow-release particles and the second slow-release particles to obtain the feed additive.
By adopting the technical scheme, the matrix is dissolved in the solvent to form the first coating with the net-shaped structure protective layer structure with strong compactness, and then the first composition is coated in the first coating, so that the slow release effect is achieved. The first coating and the first slow release coating can be digested in the stomach, and the later slow release coating can be digested in the intestinal tract, so that the effect of segmented slow release is achieved. The first coating and the first slow-release coating digest and release cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil in the stomach, and bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil can replace rumen element to promote proliferation of rumen microorganisms in the rumen, improve the content of volatile fatty acid in the rumen, improve the output of propionic acid and reduce the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid; the bergamot essential oil, the lyme essential oil, the cajeput essential oil, the rosewood essential oil and the fir essential oil which are released by digestion in the intestinal tract can improve nutrient digestion, absorption and transportation, further improve the daily gain of ruminants, reduce the feed weight ratio, improve the feed conversion rate, improve the immunity and disease resistance of organisms, improve the survival rate of ruminants and prevent yellow-marked meat.
In a specific embodiment, the first coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of matrix and 150-200 parts of solvent, wherein the matrix is sodium alginate, acacia, xanthan gum, chitosan or gelatin, and the solvent is water; the second coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of matrix, 10-25 parts of post-release coating and 150-200 parts of solvent, wherein the matrix is sodium alginate, acacia, xanthan gum, chitosan or gelatin, the post-release coating is corn starch, potato starch or sweet potato starch, the solvent is water, and the pre-release coating comprises the matrix and the solvent.
In a third aspect, the application provides an application of a plant extract feed additive for ruminants, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the application of the plant extract feed additive for ruminants comprises the step of adding 0.01-0.1 wt% of the additive into the feed for ruminants.
In a specific embodiment, the additive is added to the ruminant feed in a proportion of 0.02wt% to 0.06wt% in the feed for ruminants.
In summary, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. The natural, green and safe plant essential oil components are compounded and used to obtain the plant essential oil composition capable of effectively improving ruminal tympany and rumen food retention of ruminants, and meanwhile, the plant essential oil composition is subjected to slow-release coating treatment by using a coating material, so that the volatilization or oxidation of the plant essential oil composition in animal feed can be prevented on one hand; on the other hand, the plant essential oil composition can be better released in the rumen of ruminants, and can be combined with microorganisms in the rumen to better regulate and control the functions of the rumen. The feed additive adopts active ingredients, has small dosage and does not influence palatability.
2. The first coating is digested in the rumen to release cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil, and the first slow-release coating is digested in the rumen to release bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil. By utilizing the broad-spectrum antibacterial property of the plant essential oil, the number of methanogens in the rumen is effectively reduced, the mass production of methane gas is reduced, and the symptom of ruminal tympany of ruminants is improved; the bergamot essential oil, the lyme essential oil, the cajeput essential oil, the rosewood essential oil and the fir essential oil have the effects of stimulating appetite, inducing food and the like, overcome regurgitation, dyspepsia and flatulence of ruminants, stimulate the appetite of the ruminants, promote the secretion of bile to decompose fat, improve the symptom of inappetence of the ruminants and solve the problem of food retention in the rumen of the ruminants. The slow-release coating is digested in intestinal canal to release bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil, and bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil and fir essential oil are used for improving symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal distention or diarrhea of ruminant. The application utilizes the first coating, the first slow-release coating and the later slow-release coating to coat each group of plant essential oil composition respectively, plays a role of segmented slow release, and further improves the slow release effect.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the application in further detail.
In the application, cinnamaldehyde is purchased from Shanghai Michelin Biochemical technology Co., ltd; carvacrol was purchased from Shanghai Michelin Biochemical technologies Co., ltd; the verbena essential oil is purchased from Shanghai Annotation laboratory science and technology Co., ltd; juniper essential oil was purchased from shanxi pannier biotechnology limited, purity 0.99; bergamot essential oil was purchased from jiang seville fragrance limited; the lyme essential oil is purchased from Yikang natural perfume oil refinery in Jishui county; the cajeput essential oil is purchased from a red star natural medicinal perfume oil plant in Jishui county; the rosewood essential oil is purchased from Shanghai spectral vibration biotechnology Co., ltd, and the fir essential oil is purchased from Kang Disi chemical (Hubei) Co., ltd; coconut oil is purchased from Shanghai Jizhui Biochemical technologies Co., ltd; palm oil was purchased from Jiangxi Source Shangcao spices Co., ltd; sodium alginate, acacia, xanthan gum, chitosan and gelatin were all purchased from Shanghai Meilin Biochemical technologies Co., ltd; the remaining raw materials are commercially available.
Examples
Example 1
A plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamaldehyde 50g, carvacrol 100g, herba Verbenae essential oil 60g, juniper essential oil 60g, bergamot essential oil 60g, lyme essential oil 60g, cajeput essential oil 30g, rosewood essential oil 30g, and fir essential oil 30g. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant comprises 200g of the plant essential oil composition prepared above and 750g of palm oil.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the plant essential oil components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil composition;
200g of the plant essential oil composition and 750g of palm oil are taken out and mixed uniformly to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, the homogeneous mixed solution is placed in a spray cooling granulator, the temperature of a centrifugal granulating atomizer is 80 ℃, the centrifugal force is 2000g, and the temperature of cooling air is 15 ℃. And (5) centrifugally dispersing and cooling to obtain the feed additive.
Example 2
A plant essential oil composition comprises 100g of cinnamaldehyde, 70g of carvacrol, 30g of vervain essential oil, 30g of juniper essential oil, 20g of bergamot essential oil, 20g of lyme essential oil, 50g of cajeput essential oil, 50g of rosewood essential oil and 10g of fir essential oil. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant animals comprises 250g of plant essential oil composition and 900g of coconut oil.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the plant essential oil components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil composition;
Taking 250g of the plant essential oil composition out, uniformly mixing with 900g of coconut oil to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, placing the homogeneous mixed solution into a spray cooling granulator, centrifuging, granulating, atomizing at 80 ℃ with 2000g of centrifugal force, and cooling with 15 ℃ of air. And (5) centrifugally dispersing and cooling to obtain the feed additive.
Example 3
A plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamaldehyde 150g, carvacrol 40g, herba Verbenae essential oil 80g, juniper essential oil 80g, bergamot essential oil 40g, lyme essential oil 40g, cajeput essential oil 10g, rosewood essential oil 10g, and fir essential oil 50g. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant comprises 300g of the above-prepared plant essential oil composition and 600g of coconut oil.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the plant essential oil components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil composition;
taking 300g of the plant essential oil composition out, uniformly mixing with 600g of coconut oil to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, placing the homogeneous mixed solution into a spray cooling granulator, centrifuging, granulating, atomizing at 80 ℃ with 2000g of centrifugal force, and cooling with 15 ℃ of air. And (5) centrifugally dispersing and cooling to obtain the feed additive.
Example 4
A plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamaldehyde 100g, carvacrol 70g, herba Verbenae essential oil 40g, juniper essential oil 60g, bergamot essential oil 40g, lyme essential oil 40g, cajeput essential oil 40g, rosewood essential oil 40g, and fir essential oil 20g. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant comprises 280g of the plant essential oil composition prepared above and 750g of palm oil.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the components, and uniformly mixing to obtain the plant essential oil composition;
280g of the plant essential oil composition and 750g of palm oil are taken out and mixed uniformly to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, the homogeneous mixed solution is placed in a spray cooling granulator, the temperature of a centrifugal granulating atomizer is 80 ℃, the centrifugal force is 2000g, and the temperature of cooling air is 15 ℃. And (5) centrifugally dispersing and cooling to obtain the feed additive.
Example 5
A plant essential oil composition comprises 80g of cinnamaldehyde, 60g of carvacrol, 50g of vervain essential oil, 50g of juniper essential oil, 40g of bergamot essential oil, 50g of lyme essential oil, 20g of cajeput essential oil, 30g of rosewood essential oil and 30g of fir essential oil. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant comprises 300g of the plant essential oil composition prepared above and 600g of palm oil.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the plant essential oil components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil composition;
taking 300g of the plant essential oil composition out, uniformly mixing with 600g of palm oil to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, placing the homogeneous mixed solution into a spray cooling granulator, centrifuging, granulating, atomizing at 80 ℃ with 2000g of centrifugal force, and cooling with 15 ℃ of air. And (5) centrifugally dispersing and cooling to obtain the feed additive.
Example 6
A plant essential oil composition comprises 120g of cinnamaldehyde, 80g of carvacrol, 60g of vervain essential oil, 40g of juniper essential oil, 50g of bergamot essential oil, 50g of lyme essential oil, 30g of cajeput essential oil, 20g of rosewood essential oil and 40g of fir essential oil. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant comprises 300g of the above plant essential oil composition and 900g of coconut oil.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the plant essential oil components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil composition;
Taking 300g of the plant essential oil composition out, uniformly mixing with 900g of coconut oil to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, placing the homogeneous mixed solution into a spray cooling granulator, centrifuging, granulating, atomizing at 90 ℃ with 2500g of centrifugal force, and cooling with 20 ℃ of air. And (5) centrifugally dispersing and cooling to obtain the feed additive.
Example 7
A plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamaldehyde 50g, carvacrol 100g, herba Verbenae essential oil 60g, juniper essential oil 60g, bergamot essential oil 60g, lyme essential oil 60g, cajeput essential oil 30g, rosewood essential oil 30g, and fir essential oil 30g. The preparation method comprises mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, herba Verbenae essential oil and juniper berry essential oil to obtain a first composition; mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil to obtain a second composition; the second composition was divided into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils in a weight ratio of 3:2.
A coating material comprises a first coating and a second coating, wherein the first coating comprises 250g of sodium alginate and 1800g of water, and the second coating comprises 250g of sodium alginate, 1800g of water and 180g of corn starch. Wherein sodium alginate and water in the second coating are uniformly mixed to prepare a first slow-release coating; corn starch is used as a post-release coating.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants comprises 100g of a first composition, 60g of a first group of essential oils, 40g of a second group of essential oils, 350g of a first coating, 240g of a first slow release coating and 160g of a second slow release coating. When the preparation method is used, the first composition and the first coating are uniformly mixed to prepare first slow-release particles, the first group of essential oil and the first slow-release coating are uniformly mixed to prepare a first slow-release layer, and the second group of essential oil and the second slow-release coating are uniformly mixed to prepare a second slow-release layer.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a first composition;
uniformly mixing sodium alginate and water according to a proportion to obtain a first coating;
mixing the first composition with the first coating in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain first slow-release particles;
uniformly mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a second composition;
dividing the second composition into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils according to a weight ratio of 3:2;
uniformly mixing sodium alginate and water according to a proportion to obtain a slow-release coating;
Uniformly mixing the first group of essential oil with the first slow-release coating according to a proportion to obtain a first slow-release layer;
uniformly mixing the second group of essential oil with corn starch to obtain a rear slow-release layer;
mixing the first slow release layer and the second slow release layer in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain second slow release particles;
and uniformly mixing the first slow-release particles and the second slow-release particles to obtain the feed additive.
Example 8
A plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamaldehyde 100g, carvacrol 70g, herba Verbenae essential oil 30g, juniper essential oil 30g, bergamot essential oil 20g, lyme essential oil 20g, cajeput essential oil 50g, rosewood essential oil 50g, and fir essential oil 10g. The preparation method comprises mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, herba Verbenae essential oil and juniper berry essential oil to obtain a first composition; mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil to obtain a second composition; the second composition was divided into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils in a weight ratio of 3:2.
A coating material comprising a first coating comprising 200g of acacia and 1500g of water and a second coating comprising 200g of acacia, 1500g of water and 100g of potato starch. Wherein, the acacia gum in the second coating is uniformly mixed with water to prepare a first slow-release coating; potato starch was used as a post-release coating.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants comprises 100g of a first composition, 90g of a first group of essential oil, 60g of a second group of essential oil, 400g of a first coating, 300g of a first slow release coating and 200g of a second slow release coating.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a first composition;
uniformly mixing Arabic gum and water according to a proportion to obtain a first coating;
mixing the first composition with the first coating in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain first slow-release particles;
uniformly mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a second composition;
dividing the second composition into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils according to a weight ratio of 3:2;
mixing acacia and water uniformly in proportion to obtain a slow-release coating;
Uniformly mixing the first group of essential oil with the first slow-release coating according to a proportion to obtain a first slow-release layer;
uniformly mixing the second group of essential oil with potato starch to obtain a rear slow-release layer;
mixing the first slow release layer and the second slow release layer in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain second slow release particles;
and uniformly mixing the first slow-release particles and the second slow-release particles to obtain the feed additive.
Example 9
A plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamaldehyde 150g, carvacrol 40g, herba Verbenae essential oil 80g, juniper essential oil 80g, bergamot essential oil 40g, lyme essential oil 40g, cajeput essential oil 10g, rosewood essential oil 10g, and fir essential oil 50g. The preparation method comprises mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, herba Verbenae essential oil and juniper berry essential oil to obtain a first composition; mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil to obtain a second composition; the second composition was divided into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils in a weight ratio of 3:2.
A coating material comprising a first coating and a second coating, the first coating comprising 300g of xanthan gum and 2000g of water, the second coating comprising 300g of chitosan, 2000g of water and 250g of sweet potato starch. Wherein, the chitosan and water in the second coating are uniformly mixed to prepare a first slow-release coating; sweet potato starch is used as a post-release coating.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant animals comprises 150g of a first composition, 90g of a first group of essential oil, 60g of a second group of essential oil, 300g of a first coating, 180g of a first slow release coating and 120g of a second slow release coating.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a first composition;
uniformly mixing xanthan gum and water according to a proportion to obtain a first coating;
mixing the first composition with the first coating in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain first slow-release particles;
uniformly mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a second composition;
dividing the second composition into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils according to a weight ratio of 3:2;
uniformly mixing chitosan and water according to a proportion to obtain a slow-release coating;
Uniformly mixing the first group of essential oil with the first slow-release coating according to a proportion to obtain a first slow-release layer;
uniformly mixing the second group of essential oil with sweet potato starch to obtain a rear slow-release layer;
mixing the first slow release layer and the second slow release layer in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain second slow release particles;
and uniformly mixing the first slow-release particles and the second slow-release particles to obtain the feed additive.
Example 10
A plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamaldehyde 150g, carvacrol 40g, herba Verbenae essential oil 80g, juniper essential oil 80g, bergamot essential oil 40g, lyme essential oil 40g, cajeput essential oil 10g, rosewood essential oil 10g, and fir essential oil 50g. The preparation method comprises mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, herba Verbenae essential oil and juniper berry essential oil to obtain a first composition; mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil to obtain a second composition; the second composition was divided into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils in a weight ratio of 3:2.
A coating material comprising a first coating and a second coating, the first coating comprising 300g of chitosan and 2000g of water, the second coating comprising 300g of xanthan gum, 2000g of water and 250g of sweet potato starch. Wherein, the xanthan gum and water in the second coating are uniformly mixed to prepare a first slow-release coating; sweet potato starch is used as a post-release coating.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant animals comprises 150g of a first composition, 90g of a first group of essential oil, 60g of a second group of essential oil, 300g of a first coating, 180g of a first slow release coating and 120g of a second slow release coating.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a first composition;
uniformly mixing chitosan and water according to a proportion to obtain a first coating;
mixing the first composition with the first coating in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain first slow-release particles;
uniformly mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a second composition;
dividing the second composition into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils according to a weight ratio of 3:2;
uniformly mixing xanthan gum and water according to a proportion to obtain a first slow-release coating;
Uniformly mixing the first group of essential oil with the first slow-release coating according to a proportion to obtain a first slow-release layer;
uniformly mixing the second group of essential oil with sweet potato starch to obtain a rear slow-release layer;
mixing the first slow release layer and the second slow release layer in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain second slow release particles;
and uniformly mixing the first slow-release particles and the second slow-release particles to obtain the feed additive.
Example 11
A plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamaldehyde 150g, carvacrol 40g, herba Verbenae essential oil 80g, juniper essential oil 80g, bergamot essential oil 40g, lyme essential oil 40g, cajeput essential oil 10g, rosewood essential oil 10g, and fir essential oil 50g. The preparation method comprises mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, herba Verbenae essential oil and juniper berry essential oil to obtain a first composition; mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil to obtain a second composition; the second composition was divided into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils in a weight ratio of 3:2.
A coating material comprising a first coating comprising 300g of gelatin and 2000g of water and a second coating comprising 300g of gelatin, 2000g of water and 250g of sweet potato starch. Wherein, the gelatin and water in the second coating are uniformly mixed to prepare a first slow-release coating; sweet potato starch is used as a post-release coating.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant animals comprises 150g of a first composition, 90g of a first group of essential oil, 60g of a second group of essential oil, 300g of a first coating, 180g of a first slow release coating and 120g of a second slow release coating.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a first composition;
uniformly mixing gelatin and water according to a proportion to obtain a first coating;
mixing the first composition with the first coating in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain first slow-release particles;
uniformly mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a second composition;
dividing the second composition into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils according to a weight ratio of 3:2;
uniformly mixing gelatin and water according to a certain proportion to obtain a slow-release coating;
uniformly mixing the first group of essential oil with the first slow-release coating according to a proportion to obtain a first slow-release layer;
Uniformly mixing the second group of essential oil with sweet potato starch to obtain a rear slow-release layer;
mixing the first slow release layer and the second slow release layer in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain second slow release particles;
and uniformly mixing the first slow-release particles and the second slow-release particles to obtain the feed additive.
Example 12
The use of the plant extract feed additive for ruminants of example 1, in a feed for ruminants, in a proportion of 0.01wt%.
Example 13
The use of the plant extract feed additive for ruminants of example 1, in a feed for ruminants, in a proportion of 0.05wt%.
Example 14
The use of the plant extract feed additive for ruminants of example 1, in a feed for ruminants, in a proportion of 0.1wt%.
Example 15
The use of the plant extract feed additive for ruminants of example 1, in a feed for ruminants, in a proportion of 0.02wt%.
Example 16
The use of the plant extract feed additive for ruminants of example 1, in a feed for ruminants, in a proportion of 0.06wt%.
Example 17
The use of the plant extract feed additive for ruminants of example 1, in a feed for ruminants, in a proportion of 0.04wt%.
Comparative example 1
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant comprises cinnamaldehyde 50g, carvacrol 100g, herba Verbenae essential oil 60g, juniper essential oil 60g, bergamot essential oil 60g, lyme essential oil 60g, cajeput essential oil 30g, rosewood essential oil 30g, and fir essential oil 30g. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the components, and uniformly mixing to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 2
A plant essential oil composition comprises 0g of cinnamaldehyde, 150g of carvacrol, 60g of vervain essential oil, 60g of juniper essential oil, 60g of bergamot essential oil, 60g of lyme essential oil, 30g of cajeput essential oil, 30g of rosewood essential oil and 30g of fir essential oil. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant comprises 200g of the plant essential oil composition prepared above and 750g of palm oil.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the plant essential oil components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil composition;
200g of plant essential oil composition is taken out and uniformly mixed with palm oil to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, the homogeneous mixed solution is placed in a spray cooling granulator, the temperature of a centrifugal granulating atomizer is 80 ℃, the centrifugal force is 2000g, and the temperature of cooling air is 15 ℃. And (5) centrifugally dispersing and cooling to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 3
A plant essential oil composition comprises 0g of cinnamaldehyde, 100g of carvacrol, 110g of vervain essential oil, 60g of juniper essential oil, 60g of bergamot essential oil, 60g of lyme essential oil, 30g of cajeput essential oil, 30g of rosewood essential oil and 30g of fir essential oil. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant comprises 200g of the plant essential oil composition prepared above and 750g of palm oil.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the plant essential oil components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil composition;
200g of plant essential oil composition is taken out and uniformly mixed with palm oil to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, the homogeneous mixed solution is placed in a spray cooling granulator, the temperature of a centrifugal granulating atomizer is 80 ℃, the centrifugal force is 2000g, and the temperature of cooling air is 15 ℃. And (5) centrifugally dispersing and cooling to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 4
A plant essential oil composition comprises 0g of cinnamaldehyde, 100g of carvacrol, 60g of vervain essential oil, 110g of juniper essential oil, 60g of bergamot essential oil, 60g of lyme essential oil, 30g of cajeput essential oil, 30g of rosewood essential oil and 30g of fir essential oil. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant comprises 200g of the plant essential oil composition prepared above and 750g of palm oil.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the plant essential oil components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil composition;
200g of plant essential oil composition is taken out and uniformly mixed with palm oil to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, the homogeneous mixed solution is placed in a spray cooling granulator, the temperature of a centrifugal granulating atomizer is 80 ℃, the centrifugal force is 2000g, and the temperature of cooling air is 15 ℃. And (5) centrifugally dispersing and cooling to obtain the feed additive.
Comparative example 5
A plant essential oil composition comprises cinnamaldehyde 150g, carvacrol 0g, herba Verbenae essential oil 60g, juniper essential oil 60g, bergamot essential oil 60g, lyme essential oil 60g, cajeput essential oil 30g, rosewood essential oil 30g, and fir essential oil 30g. The preparation method comprises mixing the above materials to obtain plant essential oil composition.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminant comprises 200g of the plant essential oil composition prepared above and 750g of palm oil.
A plant extract feed additive for ruminants is prepared by the following method:
accurately weighing the plant essential oil components, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil composition;
200g of plant essential oil composition is taken out and uniformly mixed with palm oil to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution, the homogeneous mixed solution is placed in a spray cooling granulator, the temperature of a centrifugal granulating atomizer is 80 ℃, the centrifugal force is 2000g, and the temperature of cooling air is 15 ℃. And (5) centrifugally dispersing and cooling to obtain the feed additive.
Test of growth Performance of Yihu sheep
The above examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were applied to Hu sheep for the test:
1.1 design of experiments
The method comprises the steps of selecting 290 Hu sheep (about 22Kg in weight) with good body condition at 3 months of age, randomly dividing the Hu sheep into a control group, a treatment group, a test A group, a test B group, a test C group and a test D group, wherein the control group is 10, the treatment group is 10, the test A group is 110, the test B group is 60, the test C group is 50 and the test D group is 50. Feeding basic ration to a control group; the treatment group (simply called group 1) is fed with 300mg/d of monensin added on the basis of basic ration; the Hu sheep in the test A group are randomly divided into 11 groups, and 150 g/ton of the feed additives obtained in the comparative examples 1 to 5 and the examples 1 to 6 are added into the 11 groups on the basis of basic ration; the Hu sheep in the test B group are randomly divided into 6 groups, and 300 g/ton of the feed additive obtained in the examples 1 to 6 are added on the basis of basic ration respectively; the test group C is randomly divided into 5 groups, and 150 g/ton of the feed additives obtained in the examples 7 to 11 are added into the 5 groups on the basis of basic ration respectively; the test group D is randomly divided into 5 groups, and 300 g/ton of the feed additives obtained in the examples 7 to 11 are added into the 5 groups on the basis of basic ration respectively; test period 60d.
1.2 feeding management
Before the test animals enter the pens, the houses are cleaned and disinfected, and the test Hu sheep are uniformly insect-repellent. During the test, the colony house is kept ventilated and clean, and the colony house is disinfected periodically. The experimental Hu sheep were fed twice daily (09:00 and 16:00) and were fed ad libitum and drinking water.
1.3 measurement index and method
1.3.1 growth Properties
Empty stomach weighing of the experimental Hu sheep was performed before feeding in the 1d and 60d morning of the positive test period respectively; during daily feeding, the daily feeding amount and the residual material amount are accurately recorded, the dry matter feed intake is calculated, and the Average Daily Gain (ADG), the average daily feed intake (DMI) and the feed weight ratio (F/G) are calculated after the test is finished, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ADG (g/d) = (last-first weight)/test day
DMI (kg) =total dry matter feed intake/days of test
F/G = average daily feed intake/average daily gain
1.3.2 collection and determination of gastric juice from tumor
And the final 2d of the test period of the test group A and the test group C is that 200ml of rumen juice is collected by a stomach tube by adopting a negative pressure device before feeding (07:00) and 3, 6 and 9h after feeding, the gastric juice is filtered by 4 layers of gauze, the pH value is measured immediately by using Startorius Basic pH Meter and PB-20 acidometers, and the supernatant is taken after centrifugation at 3000rpm for 10min and is frozen at the temperature of minus 40 ℃. The ammoniacal nitrogen was measured by direct distillation of magnesium oxide. Taking 1ml of rumen fluid, adding 0.2ml of 25% metaphosphoric acid solution, uniformly mixing, standing in ice water bath for 30min, centrifuging at 16000rpm for 15min, taking supernatant, and measuring Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) by using a GC102AF gas chromatograph, wherein the chromatographic column is phi 4 (outside). Times.2M glass column, the stationary phase is PEG-20M, the coating concentration is 3%, and the carrier is Chromsorb WAWDMCS; the temperature of the chromatographic column is 160 ℃, and the temperature of the vaporization chamber is 200 ℃; air pressure 0.12Mpa, hydrogen pressure 0.06Mpa, nitrogen pressure 0.08Mpa; nitrogen (carrier gas) flow rate 30ml/min, hydrogen flow rate 60ml/min, air flow rate 360ml/min; sensitivity 10-10, attenuation 16; the sample was introduced in an amount of 1. Mu.l.
1.4 data analysis
Table 1 test results of test group a
Table 2 test results of test B group
| Type(s) | ADG/(g/d) | DMI/(g/d) | F/G | Number of deaths | Diarrhea number |
| Control group | 150.11 | 824.13 | 5.49 | 3 | 8 |
| Group 1 | 157.01 | 815.29 | 5.19 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 1 | 174.20 | 812.48 | 4.66 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 2 | 174.51 | 812.12 | 4.65 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 3 | 174.72 | 812.29 | 4.65 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 4 | 180.35 | 811.82 | 4.50 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 5 | 180.23 | 811.71 | 4.50 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 6 | 180.81 | 811.93 | 4.49 | 0 | 0 |
From tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that after the feed additives in examples 1-6 enter the Hu sheep along with the basic ration, the daily gain of the growth performance of examples 1-6 is significantly better than that of the control group, the daily feed intake is significantly lower than that of the control group, and it can be seen that the feed utilization rate of the Hu sheep in examples 1-6 is significantly higher than that of the control group, which may be due to the fact that the coating materials can prevent the volatilization or oxidation of the plant essential oil composition in the animal feed, and the plant essential oil component in the feed additives is slowly released into the rumen, thereby improving the rumen microorganism environment, regulating the rumen nitrogen metabolism, enhancing the protein metabolism and improving the feed conversion rate. According to the invention, through reasonable proportioning of different kinds of plant essential oil, the efficient green plant essential oil feed additive which can improve the rumen fermentation effect and can improve the effective utilization of nutrient substances is obtained, and the feed additive can effectively reduce the incidence rate of various diseases including diarrhea, respiratory syndrome and the like, obviously improve the health level of animals and improve the production performance.
Table 3 test results of test group C
| Type(s) | ADG/(g/d) | DMI/(g/d) | F/G | Number of deaths | Diarrhea number |
| Control group | 150.11 | 824.13 | 5.49 | 3 | 8 |
| Group 1 | 157.01 | 815.29 | 5.19 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 7 | 174.65 | 814.48 | 4.66 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 8 | 173.71 | 814.12 | 4.69 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 9 | 173.90 | 814.29 | 4.68 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 10 | 173.84 | 814.82 | 4.69 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 11 | 173.68 | 814.71 | 4.69 | 0 | 0 |
Table 4 test results of test group D
| Type(s) | ADG/(g/d) | DMI/(g/d) | F/G | Number of deaths | Diarrhea number |
| Control group | 150.11 | 824.13 | 5.49 | 3 | 8 |
| Group 1 | 157.01 | 815.29 | 5.19 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 7 | 188.65 | 810.37 | 4.30 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 8 | 188.71 | 810.69 | 4.30 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 9 | 188.90 | 811.39 | 4.30 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 10 | 188.84 | 811.29 | 4.30 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 11 | 188.68 | 810.71 | 4.30 | 0 | 0 |
As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, after the feed additives of examples 7 to 11 entered the Hu sheep along with the basic ration, the daily gain of the growth performance of examples 7 to 11 was significantly better than that of the control group, the daily feed intake was significantly lower than that of the control group, the feed utilization rate of Hu sheep of examples 7 to 11 was significantly higher than that of the control group, probably because the microorganisms in the rumen secreted digestive enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase and beta-glucosidase, the polysaccharide components in the first coating and the first slow release coating were decomposed first to slow release the essential oil composition, and at the same time, the starch components in the last slow release coating were digested only under the action of pancreatic amylase and intestinal amylase in the intestinal tract, therefore, the cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil in the first coating and bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil in the first slow-release coating are released so as to improve the rumen environment, increase the amount of total volatile fatty acid, increase the propionic acid content, reduce the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, reduce the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen, improve the rumen fermentation effect, improve the effective utilization of nutrients, and then release the slow-release coating after digestion by the action of pancreatic amylase and enteroamylase in the intestinal tract, release bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil, improve the digestion and absorption of the nutrients, further improve the feed conversion rate, improve the daily gain of beef cattle, reduce the feed meat ratio, and improve the production performance of ruminants such as beef sheep.
By combining tables 1 to 4, it can be found that the plant extract feed additive for ruminants can improve intestinal functions of ruminants, improve digestion and absorption of nutrients, further improve feed conversion rate, improve daily gain of beef cattle, reduce feed conversion ratio and improve production performance of beef mutton sheep.
TABLE 5 Effect of feed additives on rumen fermentation in Hu sheep
As can be seen from table 5, the plant extract feed additive for ruminants can improve rumen environment, increase total volatile fatty acid amount, increase propionic acid content, decrease acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, decrease ammoniacal nitrogen concentration, improve rumen fermentation effect, and increase effective utilization of nutrients, which effect is achieved or superior to that of monensin.
In conclusion, the plant extract feed additive for ruminants can improve the rumen environment, increase the total volatile fatty acid content, improve the propionic acid content, reduce the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, reduce the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen, improve the rumen fermentation effect and improve the effective utilization of nutrient substances. Meanwhile, the invention can improve the intestinal function of ruminants, improve the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, further improve the feed conversion rate, improve the daily gain of ruminants, reduce the feed-meat ratio, and improve the production performance of ruminants, and the effect of the feed-meat ratio is up to or better than that of monensin.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present application and is not to be construed as limiting the present application, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present application as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A plant extract feed additive for ruminants, characterized by comprising 20-30 parts by weight of a plant essential oil composition and 60-90 parts by weight of a coating material for coating the plant essential oil composition, the plant essential oil composition comprising the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of cinnamaldehyde, 4-10 parts of carvacrol, 3-8 parts of vervain essential oil, 3-8 parts of juniper essential oil, 2-6 parts of bergamot essential oil, 2-6 parts of lyme essential oil, 1-5 parts of cajeput essential oil, 1-5 parts of rosewood essential oil and 1-5 parts of fir essential oil.
2. The plant extract feed additive for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the plant essential oil composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of cinnamaldehyde, 6-8 parts of carvacrol, 4-6 parts of vervain essential oil, 4-6 parts of juniper essential oil, 4-5 parts of bergamot essential oil, 4-5 parts of lyme essential oil, 2-4 parts of cajeput essential oil, 2-4 parts of rosewood essential oil and 2-4 parts of fir essential oil.
3. The plant extract feed additive for ruminants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant essential oil composition comprises a first composition comprising cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil, and a second composition comprising bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil, the coating material comprising a first coating for coating the first composition and a second coating for coating the second composition, the second coating comprising a first slow release coating and a second slow release coating.
4. A plant extract feed additive for ruminants according to claim 3, characterized in that the first coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of matrix and 150-200 parts of solvent, wherein the matrix is sodium alginate, acacia, xanthan gum, chitosan or gelatin, and the solvent is water.
5. A plant extract feed additive for ruminants according to claim 3, characterized in that the second coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of matrix, 10-25 parts of post-release coating and 150-200 parts of solvent, wherein the matrix is sodium alginate, acacia, xanthan gum, chitosan or gelatin, the post-release coating is corn starch, potato starch or sweet potato starch, the solvent is water, and the pre-release coating comprises the matrix and the solvent.
6. The method for preparing the feed additive for ruminants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the components are uniformly mixed according to a proportion to obtain a plant essential oil composition; the preparation method comprises the steps of selecting lipid as a coating material, uniformly mixing a plant essential oil composition and the lipid according to a proportion, and performing spray cooling granulation to obtain a feed additive; the lipid is palm oil or coconut oil.
7. A method of preparing a feed additive for ruminants as claimed in claim 3, comprising the steps of:
uniformly mixing cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, verbena essential oil and juniper essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a first composition;
mixing the first composition with the first coating in proportion, extruding and cutting to obtain first slow-release particles;
uniformly mixing bergamot essential oil, lyme essential oil, cajeput essential oil, rosewood essential oil and fir essential oil according to a proportion to obtain a second composition;
dividing the second composition into a first group of essential oils and a second group of essential oils according to a weight ratio of 3:2;
uniformly mixing the first group of essential oil with the first slow-release coating according to a proportion to obtain a first slow-release layer;
uniformly mixing the second group of essential oil with the rear slow-release coating according to a proportion to obtain a rear slow-release layer;
Uniformly mixing the first slow release layer and the second slow release layer, extruding and cutting to obtain second slow release particles;
and uniformly mixing the first slow-release particles and the second slow-release particles to obtain the feed additive.
8. The method for preparing a feed additive for ruminants according to claim 7, wherein the first coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of matrix and 150-200 parts of solvent, wherein the matrix is at least one of sodium alginate, acacia, xanthan gum, chitosan and gelatin, and the solvent is water;
the second coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of matrix, 10-25 parts of post-release coating and 150-200 parts of solvent, wherein the matrix is at least one of sodium alginate, acacia, xanthan gum, chitosan and gelatin, the post-release coating is corn starch, potato starch or sweet potato starch, the solvent is water, and the pre-release coating comprises the matrix and the solvent.
9. Use of a plant extract feed additive for ruminants according to any of the claims 1-5, characterized in that: the feed additive is used for ruminants, and the adding proportion of the additive in the feed additive for ruminants is 0.01-wt-0.1-wt%.
10. Use of a plant extract feed additive for ruminants according to claim 9, characterized in that: the feed additive is used for ruminants, and the adding proportion of the additive in the feed additive for ruminants is 0.02-wt% to 0.06-wt%.
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