CN116710509A - 聚酯的脱色方法和包括该方法的聚酯的解聚方法 - Google Patents
聚酯的脱色方法和包括该方法的聚酯的解聚方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116710509A CN116710509A CN202180090827.4A CN202180090827A CN116710509A CN 116710509 A CN116710509 A CN 116710509A CN 202180090827 A CN202180090827 A CN 202180090827A CN 116710509 A CN116710509 A CN 116710509A
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- glycol
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- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IBBQVGDGTMTZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-sulfobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound [Na].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1S(O)(=O)=O IBBQVGDGTMTZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003503 terephthalic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGUBFICZYGKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphonoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CP(=O)(OCC)OCC GGUBFICZYGKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NCPXQVVMIXIKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium;phosphite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])[O-] NCPXQVVMIXIKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
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- C08G63/916—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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Abstract
提供的是一种聚酯的脱色方法,该方法包括向聚酯中加入脱色剂,然后将该聚酯与过热水蒸气接触。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚酯、具体地在加工过程中含有大量染料的有色聚酯的脱色方法,以及涉及一种包括其的解聚方法。
背景技术
一种由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯代表的聚酯具有优异的化学稳定性,从而被用于纤维、织物、衣服、膜、片材、饮料瓶等。
随着聚酯的使用迅速地增加,回顾了回收和再利用其废料的各种方法。作为其中之一,一种被称为化学再循环方法是通过使聚酯的废料等进行解聚,以转化其为单体,并且回收其作为单体,并且使用该单体作为原材料以使它们再聚合为再循环聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等。
这种可以分离且确保再循环聚酯的品质与作为原材料的原始材料没有太大差异的化学再循环,是有望实现资源的再利用的。
有三种主要的聚酯解聚成单体的方法:使用水作为溶剂的水解法,使用醇作为溶剂的醇解法和使用二醇作为溶剂的糖酵解法。
水解法可以,例如,通过使聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯熔体与水反应以使聚酯分解成对苯二甲酸和乙二醇,然后使其与氢氧化铵反应(参见专利文献1)。该方法具有的优势在于反应既不使用乙二醇也不使用醇,反应在高压条件下进行,因此需要特殊的高压反应器。
醇解法是,例如,通过在醇溶剂中加热聚酯(根据需要,通过加入催化剂)以解聚聚酯,(参见专利文献2和专利文献3)。该方法,当通过使用,例如,甲醇作为溶剂将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯解聚时,具有通过相对较快的解聚反应直接制备对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)的优势,其是有用且易于处理的单体。然而,当使用醇作为溶剂时,醇具有低沸点并且需要加压以使反应进行(例如,在超临界或亚临界甲醇中的反应),这需要特殊的高压反应器。
糖酵解法是在亚烷基二醇溶剂中,通过与解聚催化剂如碳酸钠等加热使聚酯解聚,以制备双(β-羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯和乙二醇(专利文献4和专利文献5)。例如,当乙二醇被用作溶剂时,双(β-羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯(BHET)是通过解聚反应产生的,对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)可以通过在酯交换催化剂作用下向其中加入甲醇以进行酯交换反应被回收。糖酵解法可以在常压下进行反应,但是需要相对较长的反应时间,该反应时间需要缩短,并且存在长时间加热使溶剂中的二醇劣化的问题。
另外,这些已知的聚酯的解聚方法需要至少若干个小时的反应时间,从而在处理大量废聚酯中存在困难,还要在高温或高压条件下进行反应,因此需要能够承受这些条件的特殊的装置。
在另一方面,在聚酯的解聚中,由于所有的聚酯原材料不像饮料瓶那样是透明的,并且特别是在有色聚酯原料如纤维、织物和衣服的解聚中,加工过程中加入的染料的脱色对于最终的产品的品质具有很大的影响。
特别是在聚酯原料中,有色聚酯废纤维是在加工过程中染色的废纤维,其包含的染料的投入量基于纤维的颜色和细度而迅速增加。因此,有色聚酯原料的用途有限,为了创造附加价值,可以通过解聚和再聚合分解成原材料,这是合理且环境友好的,但是由于高加工成本而不是经济的。
在解聚工艺期间,通过溶剂处理和用于脱色的吸附过程(活性炭)去除有色聚酯的染料,其中,用于去除的溶剂是昂贵的,回收成本高,并且染料越多,其用量减少得越快,增加了整个过程的成本,并且结果是非常不经济的。因此,聚酯解聚一般使用具有高回收纯度的聚酯瓶薄片。
[现有技术文献]
[专利文献]
(专利文献1)日本专利公开No.2003-527363(公布日期:2003年9月16日)
(专利文献2)日本专利公开No.1999-100336(公布日期:1999年4月13日)
(专利文献3)日本专利公开No.2003-300916(公布日期:2003年10月21日)
(专利文献4)日本专利公开No.2002-167468(公布日期:2002年6月11日)
(专利文献5)日本专利公开No.2004-300115(公布日期:2004年10月28日)
发明内容
技术问题
根据一个实施方案,提供了一种可以低成本、高效率地从有色聚酯中去除染料的聚酯的脱色方法。
根据另一实施方案,提供了一种包括使聚酯脱色的聚酯的解聚方法。
根据又一实施方案,提供了一种用于聚合通过聚酯的解聚方法制备的再循环聚酯的组合物。
根据再一实施方案,提供了一种通过使用用于聚合再循环聚酯的组合物制备的再循环聚酯。
技术方案
根据一个实施方案,一种聚酯的脱色方法,该方法包括向聚酯中加入包含碱、酸、其盐、一元醇、多元醇或其混合物的脱色剂,并且使所述聚酯与过热水蒸气接触。
所述过热水蒸气的温度可以为250℃至450℃。
所述过热水蒸气以0.1巴至2巴的注射压力施加。
脱色可以进行1分钟至60分钟。
所述碱可以包含氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氨或其混合物。
所述酸可以包含盐酸、硝酸、硫酸、碳酸、磷酸、乙酸、次氯酸(HClO)或其混合物。
所述盐可以包含碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硝酸盐、硅酸盐、次氯酸盐、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐或其混合物。
所述一元醇可以包含甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇或其混合物。
所述多元醇可以包含乙二醇、正丙二醇、异丙二醇、二甘醇、聚乙二醇、三甘醇、二丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、甘油、苯甲醇、聚丙二醇、季戊四醇、三羟甲基丙烷或它们的聚合物。
所述脱色剂在所述聚酯中以每1.0摩尔的二元酸0.05摩尔至1.5摩尔的量加入。
根据另一实施方案,聚酯的解聚方法包括:向聚酯中加入包含碱、酸、其盐、一元醇、多元醇或其混合物的脱色剂,并且使聚酯与过热水蒸气接触以脱色所述聚酯,使脱色的聚酯解聚,以得到包含亚烷基二醇和二元盐的解聚产物,从所述解聚产物中进行液相亚烷基二醇和固相二元盐的固-液分离,使固相二元盐溶解于水中,用酸将二元盐的水溶液中和,以沉淀二元酸晶体,并且从沉淀产物中进行所述二元酸晶体的固-液分离。
所述聚酯的解聚方法还可以包括从所述二元盐的水溶液中去除杂质。
所述聚酯的解聚方法还可以包括将所述二元酸晶体重结晶。
根据另一实施方案,提供了用于聚合再循环聚酯的组合物,该组合物包含通过根据一个实施方案的聚酯的解聚方法得到的二元酸和亚烷基二醇。
根据又一实施方案,提供了使用根据一个实施方案的用于聚合聚酯的组合物制备的再循环聚酯。
所述再循环聚酯的颜色可以具有60以上的L值。
有益效果
根据一个实施方案的聚酯的脱色方法是便宜的,并且可以高效地去除有色聚酯的染料。
附图说明
图1是示出了实施例3中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯在脱色处理之前和之后的照片。
图2是示出了比较例1中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯在脱色处理之前和之后的照片。
具体实施方式
参照下面示例性实施例和附图,本公开的优势和特征以及用于实现其的方法将变得显而易见。然而,实施方案不应被理解为限于本文所阐述的实施方案。如果没有另外定义,则说明书中的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)可以被定义为如本领域技术人员通常理解的。除非明确定义,否则通用词典中定义的术语可能不会被理想或夸大地解释。
另外,除非明确地进行相反的描述,否则词语“包含”以及如“包括”或“包含”的变体将被理解为暗示包括所述要素,但不排除任何其它要素。此外,除非另有说明,否则单数包括复数。
根据一个实施方案的聚酯的脱色方法包括向聚酯加入脱色剂,并且使聚酯与过热蒸气接触。
所述聚酯可以通过聚合二元酸与亚烷基二醇来制备,并且可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯或由己内酯聚合而成的聚己内酯。
作为用于聚酯脱色的原材料,可以使用包含聚酯、特别是废料的成型制品。该废料可以为在成型制品的制造过程中产生的残余的和有缺陷的产品,以及使用包含聚酯的成型制品之后产生的废料。例如,所述废料可以包括已使用的PET瓶子、杯子、绳子、包装袋等,或在其成型过程中形成的毛刺和浇口,真空成型后的杯子,切割后的片材,纤维、织物、衣服、薄膜、片材等。
特别是,如下文所述,根据一个实施方案的聚酯的脱色方法可以经济且有效地解聚包含大量染料的有色聚酯如纤维、织物、衣服等。
此处,在聚酯废料中,基于聚酯的总重量,聚酯的含量可以为60重量%至100重量%。当聚酯的含量少于60重量%时,解聚过程可以得到比副反应物和不可回收的分离的和纯化的废料少得多的辅助原材料,这基本上是不经济的。
根据一个实施方案的聚酯的脱色方法是通过使过热水蒸气直接与聚酯接触的干法脱色。
与常规的将聚酯浸渍在脱色剂中的湿法不同,该方法使所述过热水蒸气直接与聚酯接触,从而可以确保高脱色效率,并且由于使用了相对便宜的过热水蒸气而经济。另外,当向聚酯施加过热水蒸气时,当在脱色之后使聚酯解聚时,可以改善解聚的效率。
另外,由于通过直接向聚酯施加过热水蒸气来进行脱色反应,因此不需要高压反应器,但是可以采用间歇式或连续式反应器。
例如,可以通过在0.1巴至2巴的注射压力、250℃至450℃的高温下向聚酯直接喷洒过热水蒸气来实现聚酯与过热水蒸气的接触,其中,所述过热水蒸气的温度可以为,例如,280℃至380℃。
当过热水蒸气的温度低于250℃时,聚酯的脱色花费很长的时间,这可能不太经济,但是当大于450℃时,在惰性气氛下不进行脱色,这可能伴随着碳化。当过热水蒸气的压力小于0.1巴时,与常规的湿法反应相比,由于缺少使水蒸气直接反应的接触效率,在实际脱色时间方面可能没有很大的影响,但是当过热水蒸气的压力大于2巴时,聚酯,作为热塑性材料,被熔化而不是被分解,从而在与过热水蒸气直接接触的地方形成大的团块,这可能延长从表面到内部的脱色时间。
脱色反应可以进行1分钟至60分钟,或10分钟至40分钟。脱色反应时间可以在60分钟内增加,因为在聚酯中存在很多的包含染料的杂质,用于处理的聚酯很大,以及过热水蒸气处于更低的温度。
在另一方面,在聚酯的脱色方法中,可以在使聚酯与过热水蒸气接触之前,向聚酯加入脱色剂。当单独地用高温过热水蒸气处理时,聚酯,作为热塑性树脂,在染料被分解之前就已溶解,脱色仅发生在表面而不会发生在溶解的聚酯内部。如果首先用脱色剂处理聚酯,则聚酯可能在溶解之前被脱色。
所述脱色剂可以包含碱、酸、其盐、一元醇、多元醇或其混合物。
例如,所述碱可以包含碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物,氨或其混合物。所述碱金属可以为单价金属如锂、钠、钾、铷或铯,其中,钠或钾相对便宜。所述碱土金属可为铍、镁、钙、锶、钡或镭。所述碱金属的氢氧化物可以包含氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾或氢氧化锂。其中,当与乙二醇等结合使用时,氢氧化钠具有优异的反应速率和反应收率。
所述酸可以为有机酸或无机酸,例如盐酸、硝酸、硫酸、碳酸、磷酸、乙酸、次氯酸(HClO)或其混合物。
所述盐可以包含无机盐如碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硝酸盐、硅酸盐、次氯酸盐,有机盐如甲酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐或其混合物,并且所述盐可以包含,例如,碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、磷酸三钠(水合物)、次氯酸钠或其混合物。
所述多元醇可以包含乙二醇、正丙二醇、异丙二醇、二甘醇、聚乙二醇、三甘醇、二丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、甘油、苯甲醇、聚丙二醇、季戊四醇、三羟甲基丙烷或其混合物。在这些多元醇中,可以使用具有高沸点且相对活泼的乙二醇、正丙二醇、异丙二醇、二甘醇、聚乙二醇、三甘醇和丙三醇。
所述一元醇可以包含甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇或其混合物,并且可以包含多元醇如上述二醇和三醇的烷基醚化合物,例如,二甘醇单甲醚、苯甲醇、2-乙基己醇等。
由于脱色剂必须与附着在聚酯上的染料反应,基于1.0摩尔的包含在聚酯中的二元酸,脱色剂的加入量可以为0.05摩尔至1.5摩尔,例如,可以加入0.1摩尔至1.5摩尔的单价脱色剂(例如,氢氧化钠),并且可以加入0.05摩尔至0.75摩尔的二价脱色剂(例如,碳酸钙)。
另外,当聚酯原料是纤维时,在加工过程中加入的染料的量为聚酯纤维重量的0.5重量%至20重量%(基于织物的重量(o.w.f.)),相对于1.0摩尔的包含在聚酯中的二元酸,脱色剂的量可以为1.0摩尔以上以完全分解染料。
根据另一实施方案的聚酯的解聚方法包括使聚酯脱色,以及对脱色的聚酯进行解聚。
由于聚酯的脱色与上述相同,因此省略重复说明。
所述聚酯可以通过聚合二元酸与亚烷基二醇来制备,并且可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯或由己内酯聚合而成的聚己内酯。通过使这些聚酯解聚,可以将二元酸、亚烷基二醇或己内酯作为单体回收。
即,可以通过解聚聚酯得到的亚烷基二醇可以包括,例如,乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇和二丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、新戊二醇、聚丁二醇、1,4-环己二醇、1,4-苯二醇等。例如,如果聚酯是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,则乙二醇可以作为亚烷基二醇回收,如果聚酯是聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,则丁二醇可以作为单体回收。
可以通过解聚聚酯得到的二元酸可以包括,例如,对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸(邻位)、间苯二甲酸、二溴间苯二甲酸、磺基间苯二甲酸钠、亚苯基二氧二羧酸、4,4′-二苯基二羧酸、4,4′-二苯基醚二羧酸、4,4′-二苯基酮二羧酸、4,4′-二苯氧基乙烷二羧酸、4,4′-二苯基磺酸二羧酸,和芳香族二羧酸如2,6-萘二羧酸、偏苯三甲酸和均苯四甲酸。其它二羧酸可以包括,例如,脂肪环二羧酸如六氢对苯二甲酸和六氢间苯二甲酸,以及脂肪二羧酸如琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一碳酸和十二碳二羧酸。
作为聚酯的解聚方法,使用水作为溶剂的水解法,使用醇作为溶剂的醇解法和使用二醇作为溶剂的糖酵解法都可以使用。
水解法可以,例如,通过使聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯熔体与水反应以使聚酯分解为对苯二甲酸和乙二醇,然后使其与氢氧化铵反应。
醇解法是,例如,通过在醇溶剂中加热聚酯(根据需要,通过加入催化剂)以解聚聚酯。该方法,当通过使用,例如,甲醇作为溶剂使聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯解聚时,具有通过相对较快的解聚反应直接制备对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)的优势,其是有用且易于处理的单体。
糖酵解法是在亚烷基二醇溶剂中,通过与解聚催化剂如碳酸钠等加热使聚酯解聚,以制备双(β-羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯和乙二醇。例如,当乙二醇被用作溶剂时,双(β-羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯(BHET)是通过解聚反应产生的,对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)可以通过在酯交换催化剂作用下向其中加入甲醇以进行酯交换反应被回收。
具体地,解聚可以包括制备反应溶液,在反应溶液中浸渍聚酯和通过加热解聚反应溶液。
反应溶液可以通过将反应催化剂加入和溶解在溶剂中来制备。此处,所述反应催化剂可以包含碱、酸或其盐,所述溶剂可以包含水、一元醇、多元醇或其混合物。可以使用的碱、酸、其盐、一元醇或多元醇与在脱色反应中使用的相同,因此省略重复解释。
基于1摩尔的构成聚酯的二元酸,向溶剂中加入的反应催化剂的量可以为0.01摩尔至100摩尔,例如,0.1摩尔至10摩尔或0.8摩尔至1.2摩尔。
例如,当通过使用氢氧化钠作为反应催化剂分解聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯时,因为其反应方案是PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)+2NaOH→TPA盐(对苯二甲酸二钠)+EG(乙二醇),每1摩尔的TPA需要2摩尔(420g)的NaOH来分解1kg的PET。
然后将聚酯浸渍在制备的反应溶液中。
在另一方面,当聚酯废料被用作用于解聚的原料时,在解聚之前可以任选地洗涤废料并预处理,以去除附着在废料上的污染物如染料、内容物、土壤等。
为了更加有效地进行反应,可以机械性地切割、粉碎或加工废料。粉碎可以通过使用已知的适合的方式进行,例如,锤磨机等,以将聚酯废料粉碎成尺寸为2mm至8mm的小片并且将它们提供用于解聚反应。
另外,根据需要,将粉碎的切片浸渍在溶剂中以分离比溶剂更轻的成分,粉碎的切片可以被风吹走,或者使用待在解聚反应中使用的筛子仅回收到一定尺寸。
接着,从在解聚步骤中得到的解聚产物中分离和回收亚烷基二醇和二元盐。
例如,当与聚酯的组分亚烷基二醇不同的醇被用作反应溶剂时,将通过解聚产生的亚烷基二醇和反应溶剂混合一次,但是可以分离以回收由其解聚产生的亚烷基二醇。
对于在本发明中的将通过解聚反应产生的亚烷基二醇从反应溶剂中分离的方法没有特别的限制,但是可以基于目标化合物选择适合的方法,例如,蒸馏浓缩法。蒸馏浓缩可以通过使用常规的蒸馏浓缩装置进行,例如,连续式真空蒸馏装置、间歇式真空蒸馏装置等。
当通过解聚反应产生的亚烷基二醇与反应溶剂是相同的类型时,不需要分离产生的亚烷基二醇。
在另一方面,可以通过根据反应溶剂的类型选择性地应用使用羟基(OH)基团的水解法,使用醇的醇解法和使用二醇的糖酵解法来进行解聚,从而得到不同类型的二元酸。
当糖酵解法被用于使聚酯解聚时,从其中得到的二元盐可以基于在解聚反应中使用的反应溶剂的类型而变化。例如,当乙二醇被用作用于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的解聚的反应溶剂时,双(β-羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯(BHET)可以作为单体得到,并且当丙二醇被用作用于解聚的反应溶剂时,双(β-羟乙基异丙基)对苯二甲酸酯(BHEPT)可以主要作为单体得到。
另外,当苯甲醇和磷酸三钾被用作反应溶剂,从其中得到的低聚物的酯化合物在氯仿等中具有良好的溶解度,从而可以通过溶剂萃取有效地回收。此外,二元酸或低聚物的酯化合物可以通过使用用于过滤、蒸馏等的装置来回收。
由此得到的二元酸或低聚物的酯化合物(例如,BHET)还可以通过与甲醇的酯交换反应以二元酸或低聚物的甲酯(例如,DMT)的形式回收。
酯交换反应可以通过适当地使用,例如,将解聚浓缩物与甲醇在酯交换催化剂(碱金属化合物等)下、在65℃至85℃下进行0.5小时至5小时的酯交换反应的公知方法来进行,制备其中固体DMT分散在甲醇、亚烷基二醇等的混合溶液中的浆料。另外,包含DMT的滤饼可以通过使用固-液分离器等分离,然后通过蒸馏纯化,回收纯化的DMT。
在另一方面,当糖酵解法被用于使聚酯解聚时,可以产生低聚物的二元酸或二元盐如二碱金属盐,其中,这些产物可以基于在解聚反应中使用的碱金属类型而变化。例如,当氢氧化钠被用作反应催化剂以使聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯解聚时,产生了对苯二甲酸钠和乙二醇。
其中,二元盐(例如,对苯二甲酸钠)不溶于亚烷基二醇并且形成固体晶体,其通过过滤法如固-液分离可以容易地从溶剂中分离。此外,附着在得到的粉末状晶体上的醇可以通过使用醇如甲醇或乙醇洗涤来去除。
随后,二元盐的晶体可以溶解于水中,随后与酸的混合物进行中和反应以得到二元酸(例如,对苯二甲酸)。该二元酸也以晶体形式沉淀于水中,并且可以从水中通过固-液分离来回收,例如通过离心分离。
基于1重量份的二元盐,在回收过程中加入的水的量可以为3重量份至10重量份。为了从其中分离二元酸,向其中加入的酸的摩尔含量可以等于或大于二元盐中包含的碱金属的摩尔含量,其中,酸的类型可以为pH为2的强酸的无机酸如盐酸、硫酸、磷酸等,或者有机酸如甲酸、乙酸、草酸等,其中,无机酸,特别是盐酸或硫酸可以适当地减少产生的单体中的杂质。中和反应可以在65℃至85℃下进行并且通常在0.5小时至5小时内完成。
在另一方面,聚酯的解聚方法可以进一步任选地包括在二元盐的水溶液中去除包含在聚酯成型制品、废料等中的杂质。
对用于去除杂质的方法没有特别的限制,但是可以包括任意适合的技术和装置。例如,固体如聚酯之外的未反应的树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等),以及未溶解的反应催化剂如碱金属和类似物等,可以通过使用筛网或类似物来去除。另外,所述筛网不能去除染料、填料等,这些可以通过离心分离,通过吸附剂如活性炭等过滤等来去除。
由于得到的二元酸晶体示出了几微米至几十微米的粒子分散特征,因此可以任选地包含具有商售粒径(100μm以上)的二元酸晶体的重结晶。对于重结晶法没有特别的限制,但是可以,例如,在将二元酸晶体和水混合之后在高温高压下进行。
通过聚酯的解聚方法得到的二元酸和亚烷基二醇可以再次用作用于聚合再循环聚酯的单体。具体地,可以使包含在聚酯的解聚方法中得到的二元酸和亚烷基二醇的用于聚合再循环聚酯的组合物酯化并且缩聚,制备再循环聚酯。
所述酯化反应是回收的单体的二元酸和亚烷基二醇例如对苯二甲酸和乙二醇之间的反应。该反应可以在无催化剂的情况下进行,但是也可以在碱土金属化合物如镁、钙等,金属化合物如钛、锌、锰等的催化剂的情况下进行。
随后,使酯化过程的产物缩聚,制备再循环聚酯树脂。此处,或者可以使用溶液聚合或者固体聚合。
另外,在固体聚合之后,如果需要,可以加入能够促进水处理和/或结晶的化合物以调节品质,并且另外,在初始阶段或在缩聚工艺期间,可以加入缩聚催化剂或稳定剂。
此处,所述水处理可以,例如,通过将具有树脂固体粒子的再循环聚酯与水、水蒸气、包含水蒸气的惰性气体、包含水蒸气的空气等接触来进行。促进结晶的化合物可以为,例如,聚烯烃类热塑性树脂如聚对苯二甲酸己二醇酯、无机化合物、高级脂肪化合物、聚醚类化合物、聚丙烯、聚乙烯等,并且这些化合物可以以1ppm至100ppm的量加入再循环聚酯树脂。
缩聚催化剂可以包含化合物诸如锗、锑、钛、铝等。作为相对于二元酸组分的总重量的催化金属元素的重量,缩聚催化剂的量可以为2ppm至800ppm,或例如4ppm至500ppm。
再循环聚酯还可以包含磷酸酯如磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三苯酯和膦酰基乙酸三乙酯,亚磷酸酯如亚磷酸三苯酯和亚磷酸三钠,或磷化合物如磷酸甲酯、磷酸二丁酯、磷酸单丁酯、磷酸、亚磷酸、次磷酸和多磷酸,作为稳定剂。作为相对于再循环聚酯的总重量的稳定剂中磷元素的重量,稳定剂的量可以小于或等于1000ppm,例如,小于或等于500ppm,或小于或等于300ppm。
在另一方面,如上所述,根据一个实施方案的聚酯的解聚方法使用过热水蒸气以实现脱色,其中,向其中加入脱色剂以解决聚酯仅在表面溶解和脱色而不在内部脱色的问题,并且当从中得到的二元酸和亚烷基二醇被用于制备再循环聚酯时,再循环聚酯具有L值为60以上,例如,65至95的颜色。
L、a和b颜色系统被国际上用作评价聚酯颜色的标准。这些色值是标准化颜色测量并且描述可感知的颜色和色差的颜色系统之一。在该系统中,L是亮度系数,a和b是颜色测量。此处,L是表示亮度的数值因子,在制造纤维、织物或衣服中非常重要。另外,正b表示淡黄色着色,负b表示浅蓝色变色,正a表示淡红色着色,负a表示淡绿色着色。
L、a和b值在与KS A 0061、0063、0064、0065、0066、0067、0084、0085、0089、0114等的颜色测量相关的韩国工业标准(KS)中定义,例如,可以通过使用50g的聚酯树脂,去除空气中的水分,将其置于色度计SA-2000中,以测量其颜色10次并且计算其平均值来得到。
再循环聚酯的L值与再循环二元酸和亚烷基二醇的纯度有关系。例如,L值越低,其中的杂质或消光剂如二氧化钛(TiO2)就越多。当L值小于60时,杂质的量太大,其可能对聚合或纤维化后得到的聚酯染色,或者在聚合过程中产生许多副反应,因此该聚酯可能无法用作高附加值材料,而是主要应用于与机械再循环聚酯相同的用途。在另一方面,当L值大于95时,这即使是现有的原始材料也很难达到,该再循环聚酯可以通过脱色、增加纯化工艺或增加停留时间等实现所述的L值,这可能会增加单位产量体积和加工成本,并且变得不太经济。
实施方案的具体描述
在下文中,呈现了本发明的具体实施例。然而,下面描述的实施例仅用于具体说明或描述本发明,而不应限制本发明的范围。
(实施例1至实施例3)
将10kg的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯有色废纤维原料(90重量%的PET)浸渍在30重量%的氢氧化钠(NaOH)水溶液中以将浸渍量分别设定为50重量%、100重量%和300重量%(基于织物的重量(o.w.f.))。
此处,基于1摩尔的对苯二甲酸,浸渍在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中的氢氧化钠的含量分别为0.18摩尔、0.36摩尔和1.08摩尔。
将它们各自放置于过热水蒸气系统中,然后通过在1.5巴的压力和350℃下喷洒过热水蒸气脱色进行10分钟。
向脱色的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯加入2.2摩尔的氢氧化钠(NaOH)之后,在180℃下进行解聚5小时。
随后,将由其分解和解聚的产物洗涤之后,向其中加入硫酸(H2SO4)用于还原以将pH调节至3.0以下,回收对苯二甲酸(TPA)和乙二醇(EG)。
(比较例1)
将10kg的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯有色废纤维原料(90重量%的PET)放置于过热水蒸气系统中,然后通过在1.5巴的压力和450℃下喷洒过热水蒸气脱色进行10分钟。
作为结果,已确认,脱色的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯被部分碳化。
(比较例2)
将10kg的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯有色废纤维原料(90重量%的PET)脱色,然后浸渍在30重量%的氢氧化钠(NaOH)水溶液中以将浸渍量设定为50重量%(基于织物的重量(o.w.f.))。
此处,基于1摩尔的对苯二甲酸,浸渍在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中的氢氧化钠的含量为0.18摩尔。
将其放置于设定为13.5巴的压力和196℃的过热水蒸气系统中,然后脱色进行10分钟。
作为结果,脱色的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯结果是被部分脱色。然而,由于系统内13.5巴的高压,废纤维飘动,使反应不稳定,另外,由于水蒸气的凝结,反应温度降低,使效率劣化。
此处,当水蒸气的压力增加至50巴时,温度可以增加至265℃,但是该目标压力需要昂贵的高压过热水蒸气系统,这不是成本有效的。
随后,向脱色的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯额外加入2.2摩尔的氢氧化钠(NaOH),然后在180℃下解聚5小时。
将由其分解和解聚的产物洗涤之后,向其中加入硫酸(H2SO4)用于还原以将pH调节至3.0以下,回收对苯二甲酸(TPA)和乙二醇(EG)。
[试验例:脱色结果]
通过使用L、a和b颜色系统,测量根据实施例和比较例的各自脱色的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的颜色,将结果示于表1中。
L、a和b值作为标准是通过在空气中从50g的脱色的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中去除水分,并且将其放入色度计SA-2000中以测量颜色10次,计算出其各自的平均值而得到的。
另外,将实施例3和比较例1的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯在脱色之前和之后的照片分别示于图1和图2中。在图1和图2中,左边的照片显示脱色之前的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,右边的照片显示脱色之后的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
(表1)
参见表1及图1和图2,比较例1的脱色的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯结果是被部分碳化,与比较例2的脱色的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯相比,实施例1至实施例3示出了优异的颜色。原因在于,比较例2使用的不是过热水蒸气,而是在196℃低温下的普通水蒸气,其不能完全分解有色废纤维的染料。
虽然已经结合当前被认为是实际的示例实施方案描述了本发明,但是应当理解,本发明不限于所公开的实施方案。相反,本发明意在涵盖包括在所附权利要求中的构思和范围内的各种修改和等效替换。
[工业适用性]
本发明涉及一种聚酯,特别是在工艺期间使用大量染料的有色聚酯,的脱色方法,和包括该脱色方法的解聚方法,该脱色方法可以以低成本但高效率地从有色聚酯中去除染料。
Claims (16)
1.一种聚酯的脱色方法,包括:
向所述聚酯中加入包括碱、酸、其盐、一元醇、多元醇或其混合物的脱色剂,并且
使所述聚酯与过热水蒸气接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯的脱色方法,其中,
所述过热水蒸气的温度为250℃至450℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯的脱色方法,其中,
所述过热水蒸气以0.1巴至2巴的注射压力施加。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯的脱色方法,其中,
所述脱色进行1分钟至60分钟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯的脱色方法,其中,
所述碱包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氨或其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯的脱色方法,其中,
所述酸包括盐酸、硝酸、硫酸、碳酸、磷酸、乙酸、次氯酸(HClO)或其混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯的脱色方法,其中,
所述盐包括碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硝酸盐、硅酸盐、次氯酸盐、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐或其混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯的脱色方法,其中,
所述一元醇包括甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇或其混合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯的脱色方法,其中,
所述多元醇包括乙二醇、正丙二醇、异丙二醇、二甘醇、聚乙二醇、三甘醇、二丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、甘油、苯甲醇、聚丙二醇、季戊四醇、三羟甲基丙烷或其混合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯的脱色方法,其中,
在所述聚酯中,每1.0摩尔的二元酸加入0.05摩尔至1.5摩尔的所述脱色剂。
11.一种聚酯的解聚方法,包括:
向聚酯中加入包括碱、酸、其盐、一元醇,多元醇或其混合物的脱色剂,然后使所述聚酯与过热水蒸气接触以脱色所述聚酯,
使脱色的聚酯解聚以得到包含亚烷基二醇和二元盐的解聚产物,
从所述解聚产物中进行液相亚烷基二醇和固相二元盐的固-液分离,
使所述固相二元盐溶解于水,
用酸将所述二元盐的水溶液中和,以沉淀二元酸晶体,并且
从沉淀产物中进行所述二元酸晶体的固-液分离。
12.根据权利要求11所述的聚酯的解聚方法,其中,
所述聚酯的解聚方法还包括从所述二元盐的水溶液中去除杂质。
13.根据权利要求11所述的聚酯的解聚方法,其中,
所述聚酯的解聚方法还包括将所述二元酸晶体重结晶。
14.一种用于聚合再循环聚酯的组合物,该组合物包含通过权利要求11所述的聚酯的解聚方法得到的二元酸和亚烷基二醇。
15.一种再循环聚酯,使用权利要求14所述的用于聚合再循环聚酯的组合物制备。
16.根据权利要求15所述的再循环聚酯,其中,
所述再循环聚酯的颜色具有60以上的L值。
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