CN116693334A - Application of apple pomace as resource - Google Patents
Application of apple pomace as resource Download PDFInfo
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- CN116693334A CN116693334A CN202310547875.2A CN202310547875A CN116693334A CN 116693334 A CN116693334 A CN 116693334A CN 202310547875 A CN202310547875 A CN 202310547875A CN 116693334 A CN116693334 A CN 116693334A
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- trichoderma
- apple pomace
- raw material
- apple
- fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/22—Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
- C12R2001/885—Trichoderma
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Microbiology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a recycling application of apple pomace, which utilizes the apple pomace to prepare trichoderma preparation and trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer. According to the invention, firstly, apple pomace is used as a fermentation material, then the apple pomace is naturally piled up and then trichoderma liquid is added for secondary fermentation, so that the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is prepared, and the recycling utilization efficiency of the apple pomace is improved. The preparation method has the advantages that the preparation process flow and the raw material formula of the preparation method are relatively simple, the cost is low, the effective viable count of the trichoderma in the obtained organic fertilizer reaches 2 hundred million/g, the organic matter content reaches 60 percent and exceeds the industry standard, the resource utilization of wastes is realized, the economic benefit of the apple processing industry is improved, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by apple residues can be prevented.
Description
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a recycling application of apple pomace, which utilizes the apple pomace to prepare trichoderma preparation and trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer.
The background technology is as follows:
crushing and squeezing fresh apples to produce fruit juice, and further extracting pectin from residues to produce pomace. China is a large country for apple planting, and is also a large country for producing apple juice and pectin, and a large amount of apple pomace is produced each year. The apple pomace is not effectively treated and can be rotten and deteriorated in a short time, so that the environment is polluted. The smoke table is a main apple producing area in China, is also an important processing and producing area of apple juice and pectin, realizes the recycling utilization of apple pomace, has important significance on the local ecological environment protection, is beneficial to reducing the resource waste, and further improves the economic benefit. At present, apple pomace obtained by juicing and pectin extraction can be used for preparing biomass fuel, and although the problem of environmental pollution of the apple pomace can be relieved to a certain extent, the utilization mode is rough and the benefit is limited. The apple pomace mainly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, also contains a certain amount of mineral substances, soluble sugar, amino acid, vitamins and other nutritional ingredients, is suitable for microbial growth, and can be used for producing microbial agents and bio-organic fertilizers with higher values.
The fertilizer is applied excessively to improve the crop yield, reduce the soil quality and easily cause nitrogen and phosphorus loss, and threaten the ecological environment. In recent years, the national advocates fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application, particularly pays attention to the development and use of microbial agents and biological organic fertilizers, and serves to protect ecological environment and ensure crop yield. In addition, the saline-alkali soil in China is wide in area, the reasonable utilization of the saline-alkali soil is crucial, but the planting link of saline-alkali soil crops has a plurality of problems, and particularly effective microbial preparations and fertilizer products are deficient. Trichoderma is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Trichoderma of the family Desmodium of the subdivision Desmodii. Trichoderma is used as a recognized biocontrol bacterium, has antagonism on various plant pathogenic bacteria, especially soil-borne pathogenic fungi such as fusarium and pythium, and is commonly used for biological control of plant diseases. Trichoderma is also a rhizosphere growth promoting bacterium, can enhance nutrient absorption of plants, induce resistance of the plants to stress, and promote plant growth.
The trichoderma spores have higher environmental adaptability than mycelia, are more easy to colonize and germinate in soil, and further exert the disease prevention and growth promotion effects, and the key point of preparing the trichoderma preparation is to obtain high spore yield. The solid state fermentation is an important technical joint in the production of trichoderma agents, and the selection of a proper solid state fermentation substrate is beneficial to improving the spore yield, simplifying the operation and reducing the cost. The patent report of successfully preparing trichoderma spore powder by directly using grains such as corn flour, barley and the like as fermentation matrixes is reported. But the organic waste is used as a solid fermentation substrate, so that the production cost of the microbial inoculum can be obviously reduced, the recycling of the waste is realized, the hidden danger of environmental pollution is eliminated, and the microbial inoculum can be more effectively popularized and applied. The Chinese patent No. 201010139041.0 provides a method for preparing trichoderma spore microbial inoculum by using wheat bran, wood dust, vitamins, sucrose and the like as fermentation matrixes and spray drying. Chinese patent No. 201210151677.6 provides a method for producing trichoderma preparation by potato residue. The Chinese patent CN200810011186.5 is prepared by mainly utilizing fungus chaff, adding corn flour, bran, compound micro-vitamins and other auxiliary materials. Chinese patent No. 201610382675.6 provides a method for producing trichoderma preparation by using waste such as mountain Ding Zishe, grape leaf, corn cob, pineapple peel and wheat bran. Chinese patent No. 201310411124.4 reports a method for preparing trichoderma preparation by fermenting orange peel and wheat bran. The method for preparing trichoderma preparation by utilizing waste mostly needs to additionally add more auxiliary materials to provide nitrogen sources or carbon sources so as to ensure the spore yield, and the application link is mainly aimed at crop diseases, and does not pay attention to the application of promoting the growth of saline-alkali soil crops.
Meanwhile, the production of trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer by using organic waste as a matrix through fermentation is also a research hot spot in recent years. Chinese patent No. 201410100137.4 provides a method for producing Trichoderma fertilizer by using pig manure. Chinese patent No. CN201510554088.6 provides a method for producing trichoderma fertilizer by fermentation of waste after sisal fiber extraction. Chinese patent No. 202010670605.7 discloses a method for preparing trichoderma preparation from concentrated molasses alcohol solution and bean paste. Chinese patent No. 201610787853.3 uses green onion leaves as raw materials to prepare trichoderma conidium, and then the trichoderma conidium is mixed with decomposed organic fertilizer to obtain the trichoderma biofertilizer. The Chinese patent No. CN201610003589.X prepares the trichoderma solid ferment by using the straws of corn, wheat and the like and the filter mud of sugar cane sugar making, and mixes the trichoderma solid ferment with the organic fertilizer to obtain the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer. The Chinese patent CN201610151640.1 utilizes amino acid liquid and straw to prepare a trichoderma solid fermentation product, and then the trichoderma solid fermentation product is mixed with compost to obtain the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer. The existing preparation method of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is mainly characterized in that organic waste is used for preparing a trichoderma solid fermentation product, and then the trichoderma solid fermentation product is simply mixed with the organic fertilizer to produce the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer, and the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is not produced by directly taking the organic waste as a main raw material and a fermentation carrier. In addition, no report exists on preparing the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing apple pomace at present.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims at solving the problem of recycling the apple pomace, and provides a recycling application of the apple pomace, wherein the apple pomace is used for preparing trichoderma preparation and trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the application of apple pomace in recycling is that apple pomace is used as fermentation material.
The application of the apple pomace in preparing trichoderma agents or trichoderma bio-organic fertilizers as fermentation materials.
The fermentation material is obtained by dehydrating apple pomace after pectin extraction to water content of about 70%, and drying.
Further, the fermentation material is obtained by adding lime with the mass fraction of about 0.15% into apple pomace after pectin extraction, then dehydrating until the water content is about 70%, and drying.
The trichoderma preparation is obtained by inoculating trichoderma liquid into fermentation materials and fermenting;
the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by spraying trichoderma liquid into a fermented material after composting and fermenting.
A trichoderma preparation is prepared by inoculating trichoderma solution to raw material of fermentation product of apple pomace, and fermenting.
Specifically: inoculating bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into a raw material taking apple pomace as a ferment, and fermenting at a normal temperature; wherein, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added into the raw materials to adjust the pH value to be neutral.
A preparation method of trichoderma preparation using apple pomace as raw material comprises inoculating bacterial liquid containing trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) into raw material of fermented product of apple pomace at normal temperature for fermentation treatment; wherein, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added into the raw materials to adjust the pH value to be neutral.
The trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) is trichoderma asperellum recorded in Chinese patent No. 2017100355445, "trichoderma asperellum and application thereof".
Further, in the present description,
lime with the mass percentage of about 0.15% is added into the apple pomace after pectin extraction, and then dehydration is carried out, the dehydration is carried out until the water content is about 70%, and the apple pomace is dried and crushed for later use; then adding 10% -50% (volume mass ratio) of trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) bacterial liquid and 0.5% -1.5% (mass ratio) of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution into the dehydrated apple pomace, uniformly stirring, spreading a thin layer (within 1 cm) in a sterile culture dish or other sterile vessels, and fermenting at 25-31 ℃ for 2-4 days. Scraping upper spore, oven drying at 36 deg.C, pulverizing, and making into Trichoderma preparation.
Wherein, the adding amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.5-1.5g of the monopotassium phosphate per 100g of the pomace.
The bacterial liquid of trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) is prepared by picking trichoderma asperellum hyphae preserved on an agar slope at 4 ℃, inoculating the trichoderma asperellum hyphae to the center of a Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) flat plate, culturing for 3-4 days in darkness at 28 ℃, picking edge hyphae or scraping green spores, transferring the hyphae or spores into a potato dextrose liquid culture medium (PD), and culturing for 4-5 days after shaking (rotating speed 150 rpm) at 28 ℃ to form a large amount of white flocculent hyphae to obtain trichoderma asperellum liquid for use;
in order to obtain a large amount of trichoderma liquid, the obtained trichoderma liquid is used as seed liquid, the potato paste powder and the culture medium with glucose as raw materials are used for fermentation in a liquid fermentation tank according to the fermentation conditions of the obtained trichoderma liquid, so that a large amount of trichoderma liquid is prepared.
Preparation of PDA culture medium: 15g of potato soaked powder is weighed, 1000ml of water is added, 20g of glucose and 18g of agar are added, sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃, and the potato soaked powder is packaged in a culture dish for cooling and then is stored for standby. Preparation of PD culture solution: 15g of potato soaked powder is weighed, 1000ml of water is added, 20g of glucose is added, sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃, and the potato soaked powder is cooled and stored for standby. Preparing a liquid culture medium by using potato paste powder and glucose as raw materials: 20g of potato paste powder is weighed, 1000ml of water is added, 20g of glucose is added, and sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃.
A trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer using apple pomace as a raw material: and (3) composting the apple pomace serving as a raw material of a fermented product, spraying trichoderma liquid on the fermented product, and then fermenting to obtain the finished product.
The method comprises the following steps: spraying bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into the raw material which takes apple pomace after composting treatment as a ferment, and then fermenting at room temperature;
or spraying the bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into the raw material which takes apple pomace as a ferment after composting treatment, and then fermenting at room temperature; wherein, the raw material of the fermented product is the apple pomace after composting treatment, and wheat bran is added.
The preparation method of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer using apple pomace as a raw material comprises the steps of spraying bacterial liquid containing trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) into the raw material which is subjected to composting treatment and takes the apple pomace as a ferment, and then fermenting at room temperature;
or spraying the bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into the raw material of the composted apple pomace serving as a ferment, and then fermenting at room temperature; wherein, the raw material of the fermented product is the apple pomace after composting treatment, and wheat bran is added.
Further, in the present description,
uniformly spraying the bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into the spread raw material which takes apple pomace as a ferment after composting, wherein the volume mass ratio of the inoculation amount of the trichoderma spinosum liquid is controlled to be 5-20%, and the mass fraction of the added wheat bran is controlled to be 0-10%. And stacking the materials into a trapezoid stack, turning the stack once every 3 days at room temperature, completing the fermentation of the trichoderma in 7 to 14 days, spreading and airing until the water content is 30%, and crushing to obtain the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer.
Or, wheat bran is added to the raw material which takes apple pomace after composting as a ferment, and the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by processing according to the conditions.
The trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) with a preservation number of CGMCC No.13187 and is recorded in patent document 2017100355445, which is named as trichoderma asperellum and application thereof.
The bacterial liquid of trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) is prepared by picking trichoderma asperellum hyphae preserved on an agar slope at 4 ℃, inoculating the trichoderma asperellum hyphae to the center of a Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) flat plate, culturing for 3-4 days in darkness at 28 ℃, picking edge hyphae or scraping green spores, transferring the hyphae or spores into a potato dextrose liquid culture medium (PD), and culturing for 4-5 days by shaking (rotating speed of 150 rpm) at 28 ℃ to form a large amount of white flocculent hyphae to obtain trichoderma asperellum liquid for use;
in order to realize that a large amount of trichoderma liquid can be obtained, the obtained trichoderma liquid can be used as seed liquid, potato paste powder and a culture medium with glucose as raw materials are used, and fermentation is carried out in a liquid fermentation tank according to the fermentation conditions of the obtained trichoderma liquid, so that a large amount of trichoderma liquid can be prepared. Preparation of PDA culture medium: 15g of potato soaked powder is weighed, 1000ml of water is added, 20g of glucose and 18g of agar are added, sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃, and the potato soaked powder is packaged in a culture dish for cooling and then is stored for standby. Preparation of PD culture solution: 15g of potato soaked powder is weighed, 1000ml of water is added, 20g of glucose is added, sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃, and the potato soaked powder is cooled and stored for standby. Preparing a liquid culture medium by using potato paste powder and glucose as raw materials: 20g of potato paste powder is weighed, 1000ml of water is added, 20g of glucose is added, and sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃.
The composting apple pomace is prepared by adding lime with a mass fraction of about 0.15% into apple pomace after pectin extraction, dewatering to a water content of about 70%, and naturally composting (i.e. stacking dewatering residues in a trapezoid stack with a height of 1-1.2m and a width of 1.5-2m in an empty place, and a length according to the size of the place to ensure that the total volume is 1 m) 3 After natural fermentation for about 3 days, the temperature of the interior of the material is raised to above 50 ℃, composting enters a high-temperature stage and lasts for 10-14 days at 50-60 ℃, then the material is gradually cooled to below 50 ℃, enters a decomposition stage and lasts for about 7 days at 40-50 ℃, and the composting process is completed after the material is cooled to below 40 ℃; in the apple pectin slag composting process, the composting is carried out for 1 time every 3 days, ventilation of materials is promoted, anaerobic fermentation is prevented, and a composting machine or manual composting is adopted according to the volume of the apple pectin slag materials. The temperature in winter is lower, in order to ensure the temperature rise of the composting, the volume of the material can be increased (more than 3m 3 ) And covered with a plastic film or the like. The apple pectin slag composting process can kill harmful bacteria and weed seeds, and the composting stage can further compost and humidify.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The apple pomace is used as a fermentation material, the pomace is rich in nutrition, auxiliary materials are not needed to be added in the fermentation process to provide a carbon source and a nitrogen source, the operation is relatively simple and feasible, the production cost is reduced, and the resource utilization of the apple pomace is realized.
(2) The invention prepares the trichoderma spore microbial inoculum by using the apple pomace as a fermentation material, which is beneficial to promoting the recycling of pomace waste, improving economic benefit and eliminating hidden danger of environmental pollution.
(3) According to the invention, the apple pomace is firstly used as a fermentation material, then is naturally piled up and is finally added with trichoderma liquid for fermentation, so that the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is prepared, and the recycling utilization efficiency of the apple pomace is improved. The preparation method has the advantages that the preparation process flow and the raw material formula are relatively simple, the cost is low, the most fermentation combination is obtained through an orthogonal test, the effective viable count of the trichoderma in the obtained bio-organic fertilizer reaches 9.24 hundred million/g and exceeds the industry standard, the resource utilization of wastes is realized, the economic benefit of the apple processing industry is improved, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by apple pomace can be prevented.
(4) The trichoderma adopted by the invention is trichoderma spinosum separated from a tobacco bench orchard, the obtained microbial inoculum and the biological organic fertilizer can effectively prevent and treat continuous cropping diseases of apple seedlings caused by fusarium, the microbial inoculum is convenient to transport, and both the trichoderma viride and the biological organic fertilizer can promote economic plants to grow under salt stress, can serve for agricultural development and utilization in saline-alkali areas, and have wide application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effects of Shi Jiamu mold on the photosynthetic rate and biomass of honeysuckle under salt stress, wherein the data are the average of 3 replicates, and different lower case letters indicate that the differences between the groups are significant.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the application of trichoderma fertilizer and the sterilization thereof on the biomass of honeysuckle, wherein the data in the graph are the average value of 3 repetitions, and different lowercase letters indicate that the differences among groups are obvious.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is further provided in connection with the accompanying examples, and it should be noted that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of illustration and explanation only, and are not limiting of the invention.
The strain adopted in the following examples is the trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum), which is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC No.13187 and is described in patent document 2017100355445, which is named as trichoderma asperellum and application thereof.
The strain used in the following examples is Trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum), and the Trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) is Trichoderma asperellum described in Chinese patent No. CN2017100355445, "Trichoderma asperellum and application thereof".
The apple pomace is the leftovers of apple pectin manufacturers; namely, the residue obtained after the apple juice was extracted and pectin was extracted.
Example 1
Strain activation: picking mycelia of Trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) preserved on agar inclined planes at 4 ℃, inoculating to the center of a Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) flat plate, culturing for 3-4 days in darkness at 28 ℃, picking edge mycelia or scraping green spores, transferring the mycelia or spores into a potato dextrose liquid culture medium (PD), and culturing for 4-5 days by shaking (rotating speed 150 rpm) at 28 ℃ to form a large amount of white flocculent mycelia, thereby obtaining trichoderma fermentation liquid (seed liquid).
Preparation of PDA culture medium: 15g of potato soaked powder is weighed, 1000ml of water is added, 20g of glucose and 18g of agar are added, sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃, and the potato soaked powder is packaged in a culture dish for cooling and then is stored for standby. Preparation of PD culture solution: 15g of potato soaked powder is weighed, 1000ml of water is added, 20g of glucose is added, sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃, and the potato soaked powder is cooled and stored for standby.
Meanwhile, if the fermentation liquid (seed liquid) is produced on a large scale: the culture medium with potato paste powder and glucose as raw materials is used for fermentation in a liquid fermentation tank to prepare a large amount of trichoderma fermentation seed liquid.
Pretreatment of apple pomace:
taking apple pomace (water content is 80%) after pectin extraction, adding lime with mass fraction of about 0.15% into the apple pomace, physically extruding by using a filter press dehydrator, reducing viscosity, increasing dispersibility, dehydrating to water content of about 70%, drying, grinding, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve for use.
Trichoderma agent:
weighing the pretreated and crushed apple pomace, adding sterile water of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and seed solution, stirring, spreading in a thin layer (within 1 cm) in a sterile culture dish or other sterile vessels, and fermenting at 25-31deg.C for 2-4 days. Scraping upper spore, oven drying at 36 deg.C, pulverizing, and making into Trichoderma preparation.
The inoculation amount, the addition amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the addition amount of sterile water, the fermentation days and the fermentation temperature in the preparation of the microbial inoculum are 5 main factors, 3 levels are set for each factor, and the total fermentation temperature is L 18 (3 5 ) Orthogonal table orthogonal experiments were performed and the number of trichoderma spores was counted using a hemocytometer, each combination was repeated 3 times, and the average was taken (table 1).
Table 1 orthogonal test and very poor analysis results.
TABLE 1 orthogonal test and extremely bad analysis of Trichoderma preparation
K is the average viable count at different levels for each factor (10 10 Each g), R is the extreme value difference between different levels of each factor, and the unit is 10 10 Each/g. The inoculation amount of the bacterial liquid and the addition amount of the sterile water are the ratio (ml/g) of the volume of the bacterial liquid to the mass of the apple pomace, and the addition amount of the monopotassium phosphate is the mass ratio (g/g) of the bacterial liquid to the apple pomace.
The extremely poor analysis results in Table 1 show that the addition amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the inoculation amount of seed liquid have the greatest influence on the number of active bacteria of the trichoderma agent, and the fermentation days, the addition amount of sterile water and the fermentation temperature are sequentially carried out; the optimal fermentation combination conditions of the prepared microbial inoculum are that the seed liquid inoculation amount is 10%, 1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added, the fermentation is carried out for 4 days, and 200% of sterile water and 25 ℃ are added. The test is carried out by adopting the combination, and the number of the trichoderma spores reaches 4 multiplied by 10 10 Each/g. In practical production considerTo save raw materials, shorten fermentation period, etc., the method can adopt the combination of the conditions of number 1, i.e. the inoculation amount is 10%, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added to 0.5%, the fermentation is carried out for 2 days, the sterile water is added to 150% and the temperature is 25 ℃, and the number of the trichoderma spores is 0.24 multiplied by 10 10 The microbial inoculum obtained under the condition can reach the national agricultural microlite microbial inoculum standard (GB 20287-2006), and indexes such as the mixed bacterial rate, the heavy metal content and the like reach the standard, so that the product is qualified (see Table 2).
TABLE 2 parameters of Trichoderma preparation
Example 2
Preparing the apple pomace bio-organic fertilizer:
the apple pomace (water content 80%) after pectin extraction is added with lime with mass fraction of 0.15%, and is physically extruded by a press filter dehydrator to be dehydrated to about 70%. Lime can effectively promote dehydration of apple pomace, and the water content suitable for composting is achieved, but the pH value is increased to above 8, so that the method is not suitable for growth and propagation of trichoderma. Therefore, after the apple pomace is dehydrated, natural composting is firstly carried out.
Piling the dehydrated apple pomace into a trapezoid stack shape on an empty site, wherein the height is 1-1.2m, the width is 1.5-2m, the length is set according to the size of the site, and the total volume is ensured to be 1m 3 And (3) after natural fermentation for about 3 days, heating the interior of the material to above 50 ℃, enabling composting to enter a high-temperature stage, continuously heating the material to below 50 ℃ for 10-14 days at 50-60 ℃, gradually cooling the material to below 50 ℃, entering a decomposition stage, continuously heating the material to below 40-50 ℃ for about 7 days, and completing the composting process after the material is cooled to below 40 ℃. In the apple pectin slag composting process, the composting is carried out for 1 time every 3 days, ventilation of materials is promoted, anaerobic fermentation is prevented, and a composting machine or manual composting is adopted according to the volume of the apple pectin slag materials. The temperature in winter is lower, in order to ensure the temperature rise of the composting, the volume of the material can be increased (more than 3m 3 ) And covered with a plastic film or the like. The apple pectin slag composting process can kill harmful bacteria and weed seeds, the decomposing stage can further promote nutrient release, reduce pH,realizes the harmless and humification of the organic fertilizer and creates good conditions for the propagation of the late trichoderma.
Strain activation: picking mycelia of Trichoderma asperellum (Trichoderma asperellum) preserved on agar inclined planes at 4 ℃, inoculating to the center of a Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) flat plate, culturing for 3-4 days in darkness at 28 ℃, picking edge mycelia or scraping green spores, transferring the mycelia or spores into a potato dextrose liquid culture medium (PD), and culturing for 4-5 days by shaking (rotating speed 150 rpm) at 28 ℃ to form a large amount of white flocculent mycelia, thereby obtaining trichoderma fermentation liquid (seed liquid).
Preparation of PDA culture medium: 7.5g potato soaked powder is weighed, 1000ml of water is added, 20g glucose and 18g agar are added, sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃, and the potato soaked powder is packaged in a culture dish for cooling and then stored for standby. Preparation of PD culture solution: 7.5g of potato soaked powder is weighed, 1000ml of water is added, 20g of glucose is added, sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃, and the potato soaked powder is cooled and stored for standby.
Meanwhile, if the fermentation liquid (seed liquid) is produced on a large scale: the culture medium with potato paste powder and glucose as raw materials is used for fermentation in a liquid fermentation tank to prepare a large amount of trichoderma fermentation seed liquid.
Preparing a biological organic fertilizer:
and uniformly spraying the obtained trichoderma fermentation seed liquid to the spread apple pomace compost by using a sprayer, wherein the volume-mass ratio of the inoculation amount of the trichoderma liquid is controlled to be 5-20%. And stacking the materials into a trapezoid stack, turning the stack once every 3 days at room temperature, completing the fermentation of the trichoderma in 7 to 14 days, spreading and airing until the water content is 30%, and crushing to obtain the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer.
Wheat bran is added into apple pomace compost before spraying the trichoderma fermentation seed liquid, so that the material carbon nitrogen ratio can be optimized, the trichoderma fermentation is facilitated, and the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer with higher viable bacteria number is obtained.
In the preparation process of the bio-organic fertilizer, the inoculation amount, the wheat bran addition amount and the fermentation days are 3 main factors, 3 levels are set for each factor, and L is used 18 (3 3 ) Orthogonal table orthogonal experiments were performed and each combination was repeated 3 times, taking the average (see table 3). Special separating plate for trichodermaThe number of viable trichoderma was calculated by dilution plating (table 1). Preparation of a special separation culture medium for trichoderma: 7.5g potato soaked powder is weighed, 0.033g of Bengalia, 0.5g of sodium propionate, 20g of glucose and 18g of agar are added, 1000ml of water is added, sterilization is carried out for 20 minutes at 121 ℃, and 0.03g of streptomycin and 0.02g of nystatin are added before pouring.
TABLE 3 orthogonal test and extremely bad analysis of Trichoderma fertilizers
K is the average viable count (hundred million/g) at different levels for each factor, and R is the extremum difference (hundred million/g) between different levels for each factor. The inoculation amount of the bacterial liquid is the ratio (ml/g) of the volume of the bacterial liquid to the mass of the apple gum residue compost, and the addition amount of the wheat bran is the mass ratio (g/g) of the bacterial liquid to the apple gum residue compost.
The extremely poor analysis results in Table 3 show that the order of the influence of each factor on the number of the viable bacteria of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is fermentation time, the inoculation amount of trichoderma fermentation seed liquid and the addition amount of wheat bran, and the optimal fermentation combination conditions are fermentation for 14 days, the inoculation amount of the trichoderma fermentation seed liquid is 20%, and the addition amount of the wheat bran is 5%. By using the combination for fermentation, the effective viable count of Trichoderma reaches 9.24 hundred million/g (Table 3). In actual production, the links of saving raw materials, shortening the fermentation period and the like are considered, and the combination condition of No.1, namely, the inoculation amount of the trichoderma fermentation seed liquid is 5%, wheat bran is not added, and the trichoderma is fermented for 7 days, wherein the number of active bacteria of the effective viable bacteria of the trichoderma reaches 1.31 hundred million/g, the obtained bio-organic fertilizer under the condition reaches the agricultural industry standard (NY 884-2012), and various indexes such as the organic matter content, the heavy metal content and the like of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer also reach the standard, so that the product is qualified (Table 4).
Table 4 parameters of trichoderma fertilizers
In the above examples, the actual waste material was apple pomace (water content 80%) after pectin extraction. And the residue left after the juice is extracted can be used for extracting pectin, and the profit is far higher than that of the direct fermentation production of trichoderma bacterial manure or microbial inoculum.
Comparative example
Trichoderma agents and bacterial manure were prepared in the manner described in examples 1 and 2 above from the residue from which pectin was not extracted. The results show that under the conditions that the inoculation amount of the trichoderma liquid is 20%, the wheat bran content is 2.5%, the temperature is 28 ℃ and the time is 15d, the number of active bacteria of the trichoderma fertilizer prepared from residues without extracting pectin is 2.0 hundred million/g, and the number of active bacteria of the trichoderma fertilizer prepared from residues after extracting pectin is 7.1 hundred million/g.
The active bacteria amount of the trichoderma agent prepared from residues without extracting pectin is 3 multiplied by 10 under the conditions that the inoculation amount of trichoderma liquid is 10 percent, the addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 1 percent, the fermentation is carried out for 4 days, the addition of sterile water is 200 percent and the temperature is 25 DEG C 10 While the number of active Trichoderma reesei agents prepared from residues after pectin extraction is 4×10 10 。
Therefore, the residue after pectin extraction in the embodiment of the invention promotes the fermentation of the trichoderma bacterial manure and the microbial inoculum, and obtains higher viable bacteria quantity. Therefore, the apple pomace is used as a fermentation raw material from the standpoint of recycling waste and being favorable for preparing excellent trichoderma bacterial manure and microbial inoculum.
Application example 1
Test of growth promotion effect of trichoderma agent on honeysuckle under salt stress
Healthy honeysuckle seedlings with consistent growth vigor are selected and transplanted into plastic flowerpots, 1 seedling is planted in each pot, and 200g of sterilized organic substrate is filled in each pot. Dividing the honeysuckle into three groups, wherein the first group is a control group, and watering with tap water without salt treatment; the second group and the third group were irrigated with NaCl solution prepared from tap water and subjected to salt stress treatment at a concentration of 200mM/L, wherein the second group was subjected to salt treatment for 7 days with 0.1g of the trichoderma preparation prepared in example 1 under the optimum conditions around the roots, and the third group was subjected to salt treatment directly without applying the trichoderma preparation. The salt treatment period was 11 days, during which the leaf photosynthetic rate was measured, and after the treatment was completed, samples were collected, dried, weighed, and the whole plant biomass was calculated (see fig. 1).
The result of the figure 1 shows that the application of the trichoderma preparation relieves the inhibition of the photosynthetic rate of the honeysuckle under the salt stress, increases the biomass accumulation and promotes the plant growth, the trichoderma in the microbial inoculum is utilized to enhance the salt tolerance of the plant, the salt stress environment can be better adapted, and the foundation is laid for the application of the trichoderma preparation in the cultivation of the honeysuckle in the saline-alkali soil.
Application example 2
Growth promotion test of potted honeysuckle flowers in saline soil by applying trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer
Medium and mild salty soil (with salt content of 0.2% -0.3%) is collected in the demonstration area of the yellow river delta agriculture high and new technology industry, transported to a laboratory for airing, crushed and uniformly mixed to be used as cultivation soil. Healthy honeysuckle seedlings with consistent growth vigor are selected and transplanted into plastic flowerpots, and each pot is filled with 300g of soil. In the test, the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is abbreviated as trichoderma bacterial fertilizer. One plant per pot is divided into three groups, control (CK) and Organic Fertilizer (OF) and trichoderma bacterial fertilizer (TF) application treatments are set, the application amounts OF the organic fertilizer and the bacterial fertilizer in the OF and TF treatments are 4% OF the soil mass, namely 12g, and the organic fertilizer and the bacterial fertilizer are uniformly mixed with the soil during application. The organic fertilizer is a trichoderma fertilizer sterilizing substance, and the trichoderma biological organic fertilizer prepared in the example 2 is sterilized (the trichoderma is killed at high temperature to become the organic fertilizer without beneficial bacteria). The trichoderma bacterial fertilizer is inactivated trichoderma, but the nutrient contents of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are not obviously changed, and the trichoderma bacterial fertilizer sterilizing matter is equivalent to the apple pomace organic fertilizer.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the application of the trichoderma fertilizer sterilization increases the biomass of the honeysuckle, and the application of the trichoderma fertilizer increases the biomass of the honeysuckle more remarkably, and the increase range is higher than that of the sterilization application, which indicates that the trichoderma fertilizer can promote the growth of the honeysuckle in the saline soil more effectively than the apple pomace organic fertilizer, and lays a foundation for the application of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer in the cultivation of the honeysuckle in the saline-alkali soil.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the apple pomace as a resource is characterized in that: the application of apple pomace as fermentation material.
2. The recycling application of apple pomace according to claim 1, wherein: the application of the apple pomace in preparing trichoderma agents or trichoderma bio-organic fertilizers as fermentation materials.
3. The recycling application of apple pomace according to claim 2, wherein: the fermentation material is obtained by dehydrating apple pomace after pectin extraction to water content of about 70%, and drying.
4. A recycling application of apple pomace according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the trichoderma preparation is obtained by inoculating trichoderma liquid into fermentation materials and fermenting;
the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by spraying trichoderma liquid into a fermented material after composting and fermenting.
5. A trichoderma preparation using apple pomace as a raw material is characterized in that: inoculating trichoderma liquid into a raw material taking apple pomace as a ferment, and fermenting to obtain the trichoderma liquid.
6. The trichoderma preparation using apple pomace as a raw material according to claim 5, wherein: inoculating bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into a raw material taking apple pomace as a ferment, and fermenting at a normal temperature; wherein, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added into the raw materials to adjust the pH value to be neutral.
7. A method for preparing trichoderma preparation using apple pomace as raw material according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: inoculating bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into a raw material taking apple pomace as a ferment, and fermenting at a normal temperature; wherein, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added into the raw materials to adjust the pH value to be neutral.
8. A trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer using apple pomace as a raw material is characterized in that: the apple pomace is used as a raw material of a fermented product, and is obtained by composting, spraying trichoderma liquid to the fermented product, and then fermenting.
9. The trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer using apple pomace as a raw material according to claim 8, wherein: spraying bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into the raw material which takes apple pomace after composting treatment as a ferment, and then fermenting at room temperature;
or spraying the bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into the raw material which takes apple pomace as a ferment after composting treatment, and then fermenting at room temperature; wherein, the raw material of the fermented product is the apple pomace after composting treatment, and wheat bran is added.
10. A method for preparing the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer by using apple pomace as a raw material, which is characterized in that: spraying the bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into the raw material of the composted apple pomace serving as a ferment, and then fermenting at room temperature;
or spraying the bacterial liquid containing trichoderma spinosum (Trichoderma asperellum) into the raw material of the composted apple pomace serving as a ferment, and then fermenting at room temperature; wherein, the raw material of the fermented product is the apple pomace after composting treatment, and wheat bran is added.
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| CN115651846A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2023-01-31 | 山东省科学院生物研究所 | Trichoderma fungicide, biological organic fertilizer, preparation method and application thereof |
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