CN116674271B - 一种车用轻型高强度篷布及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种车用轻型高强度篷布及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及篷布领域，公开了一种车用轻型高强度篷布及其制备方法。所述篷布在厚度方向上设置有基布和位于两层所述基布之间的夹层，所述夹层由硅胶发泡材料形成；利用勾丝纺织法将高强度纤维相互勾连，当篷布受到拉扯时，高弹性纤维（第一纺丝）伸展，相互勾连的高强度纤维（第二纺丝）形成横向拉扯结构，通过纤维丝的横向拉拉扯和摩擦，将外力消耗，避免了纤维丝受到轴向拉力容易发生断裂的情况；利用牵拉丝将两层基布连接为一个整体，并按预定距离打结，中间通过涂刷的方式形成硅胶发泡层，形成轻质结构；同时，斜穿的牵拉丝在受到外力时，有被横向拉平的趋势，可以将外部拉力转化为基布对夹层在厚度方向上的挤压力，使外力得到卸载。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于篷布领域，具体为一种车用轻型高强度篷布及其制备方法。
背景技术
篷布是一种使用量大，应用范围广的产业用布，目前我国货车上使用的篷布是以涤纶短纤维织布为基布，经涂塑制成双面人造革，然后缝制而成。现有篷布在使用过程中存在强度低、重量大、表面粗糙、面幅窄、易老化、使用寿命短、阻燃性差、柔软度低以及经纬断裂拉力和延长率不达标等缺点。
现有技术中，存在针对车用篷布的轻质化和提高强度方面的改进：
（1）CN1143130A公开了一种多功能轻质高强篷布及其制造工艺，具体公开了用非棉质布料，如涤纶、或维纶、芳纶、尼龙、亚麻等纤维纺织布做基布，采用改性的水基型合成橡胶乳，如羧基(或羟基)合成橡胶乳做涂覆材料的基本胶浆与多种助剂配制成为浸轧胶浆料，通过一步法连续浸轧工艺，复合而成篷布。
（2）CN103397516A公开了一种二氧化硅气凝胶复合织物、制备方法及军用帐篷布，具体公开了夹层使用的是二氧化硅气凝胶复合织物，使得本发明提供的军用帐篷与现有技术相比，具有保温性能好、重量轻、防爆性能好的特性，对战场上的流弹与飞射弹片可取得相当好的防护效果，而且在提供良好的防护效果的同时，对其平时的操作性没有影响。
（3）CN205601257U公开了一种高强度篷布，具体公开了面层含有特定种类的抗紫外光稳定剂和阻燃剂，芯层含有连续纤维，因此，该高强度篷布不仅具有较好的力学性能，而且还具有较佳的阻燃性和抗老化性，故具有较好的耐候性和较长的使用寿命，能够用作货车篷布。
上述技术方案提出了防紫外线篷布的改进，但是，现有技术仍然存在以下问题：
1、现有的轻质篷布主要依靠长链有机材料制备，具有较低的丝线重量，或者依赖于轻质夹层，但是，由于轻质材料通常具有蓬松结构，自身强度较低，容易造成篷布的整体强度减弱。
2、现有的高强度篷布通常采用金属丝等高强度纤维织造，虽然提高了自身强度，但总体重量较大。
3、现有的对于篷布提高强度、降低重量的改进，均聚焦于对纤维材料的改进，成本较高，不易推广。
发明内容
一种车用轻型高强度篷布，所述篷布在厚度方向上设置有基布和位于两层所述基布之间的夹层，所述夹层由硅胶发泡材料形成；
所述基布由第一纺丝和第二纺丝混纺制得；所述第二纺丝具有比所述第一纺丝更高的强度，所述第一纺丝比所述第二纺丝具有更高的弹性；
所述第一纺丝和所述第二纺丝按照1:2的比例布丝，所述第一纺丝采用直纺法；所述第二纺丝采用勾丝纺织法，相邻两根所述第二纺丝以S形勾连；两层所述基布之间采用斜针法编织有牵拉丝；所述牵拉丝的弹性不高于所述第二纺丝且强度不低于所述第二纺丝。
进一步的，所述第一纺丝以直丝形式构成网格状的经丝和纬丝，相邻两根所述第二纺丝构成一组，在长度方向上每间隔一格进行一次勾丝，相邻两组所述第二纺丝的勾丝网格在长度方向上相错一格。
进一步的，所述第一纺丝为聚氨酯纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维、聚烯烃弹性纤维中的一种，所述第二纺丝为聚酰胺纤维或金属丝纤维。
进一步的，所述牵拉丝呈波浪形斜穿于两层所述基布，并以预设的间距与所述基布打结固定。
一种车用轻型高强度篷布的制备方法，用于制备所述的篷布，包括以下步骤：
S1、制备基布：所述基布由第一纺丝和第二纺丝混纺制得；所述第一纺丝具有比所述第二纺丝更高的强度，所述第二纺丝比所述第一纺丝具有更高的弹性；所述第一纺丝和所述第二纺丝按照1:2的比例布丝，所述第二纺丝采用直纺法；所述第二纺丝采用勾丝纺织法，相邻两根所述第二纺丝以S形勾连；
S2、制备夹层：将乙醇、正硅酸乙酯、去离子水、氨水和多聚二甲基环硅氧烷混合，搅拌均匀后，形成二氧化硅溶胶，将二氧化硅溶胶与胶合剂、热发泡剂、增稠剂混合均匀，涂抹至平铺的基布上，再以一层基布覆盖，构成三明治结构；
S3、纺织牵拉丝：以斜针法将牵拉丝呈波浪形斜穿于两层所述基布之间，并以预设的间距与所述基布打结固定。
S4、发泡：对篷布进行加热，使热发泡剂分解，形成发泡的夹层。
进一步的，所述热发泡剂为低温型ADCA发泡剂，其含有偶氮二甲酰胺和活化剂，偶氮二甲酰胺占重量百分比为50%-75%，活化剂占重量百分比为25%-50%，加热温度为110-150℃。
进一步的，所述活化剂包括碳酸钠、硬脂酸钠、氧化锌、硝酸胍和白炭黑。
有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了一种车用轻型高强度篷布及其制备方法，具备以下有益效果：
1、本发明利用弹性纤维与强度纤维混纺，使篷布兼具高弹性和高强度。
2、本发明利用勾丝纺织法将高强度纤维相互勾连，当篷布受到拉扯时，高弹性纤维（第一纺丝）伸展，相互勾连的高强度纤维（第二纺丝）形成横向拉扯结构，将现有技术中纤维所受的轴向拉力变为三角函数方向的拉力，通过纤维丝的横向拉扯和摩擦，将外力消耗，避免了纤维丝受到轴向拉力容易发生断裂的情况。
3、本发明利用牵拉丝将两层基布连接为一个整体，并按预定距离打结，中间通过涂刷的方式形成硅胶发泡层，形成轻质结构；同时，斜穿的牵拉丝在受到外力时，有被横向拉平的趋势，可以将外部拉力转化为基布对夹层在厚度方向上的挤压力，使外力得到卸载。
附图说明
图1为本发明的基布、夹层和牵拉丝的示意图；
图2为本发明的篷布在发泡前后的示意图；
图3为本发明的第一纺丝和第二纺丝的纺织结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一：
一种车用轻型高强度篷布，所述篷布在厚度方向上设置有基布1和位于两层所述基布1之间的夹层2，所述夹层2由硅胶发泡材料形成；所述基布1由第一纺丝11和第二纺丝12混纺制得；所述第一纺丝11具有比所述第二纺丝12更高的强度，所述第一纺丝11比所述第二纺丝12具有更高的弹性；所述第一纺丝11和所述第二纺丝12按照1:2的比例布丝，所述第一纺丝11采用直纺法；所述第二纺丝12采用勾丝纺织法，相邻两根所述第二纺丝12以长S形勾连；两层所述基布1之间采用斜针法编织有牵拉丝13；所述牵拉丝13的弹性不高于所述第二纺丝12且强度不低于所述第二纺丝12；所述第一纺丝11以直丝形式构成网格状的经丝和纬丝，相邻两根所述第二纺丝12构成一组，在长度方向上每间隔一格进行一次勾丝，相邻两组所述第二纺丝12的勾丝网格在长度方向上相错一格；第一纺丝11为聚氨酯纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维、聚烯烃弹性纤维中的一种，所述第二纺丝12为聚酰胺纤维或金属丝纤维；所述牵拉丝13呈波浪形斜穿于两层所述基布1，并以预设的间距与所述基布1打结固定；所述牵拉丝具有经丝和纬丝。
实施例二：
一种车用轻型高强度篷布的制备方法，用于制备所述的篷布，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、制备基布：所述基布1由第一纺丝11和第二纺丝12混纺制得；所述第二纺丝12具有比所述第一纺丝11更高的强度，所述第一纺丝11比所述第二纺丝12具有更高的弹性；所述第一纺丝11和所述第二纺丝12按照1:2的比例布丝，所述第一纺丝11采用直纺法；所述第二纺丝12采用勾丝纺织法，相邻两根所述第二纺丝12以长S形勾连；
S2、制备夹层：将乙醇、正硅酸乙酯、去离子水、氨水和多聚二甲基环硅氧烷混合，搅拌均匀后，形成二氧化硅溶胶，将二氧化硅溶胶与胶合剂、热发泡剂、增稠剂混合均匀，涂抹至平铺的基布上，再以一层基布覆盖，构成三明治结构；
S3、纺织牵拉丝：以斜针法将牵拉丝呈波浪形斜穿于两层所述基布1之间，并以预设的间距与所述基布1打结固定；
S4、发泡：对篷布进行加热，使热发泡剂分解，形成发泡的夹层。
所述热发泡剂为低温型ADCA发泡剂，其含有偶氮二甲酰胺和活化剂，偶氮二甲酰胺占重量百分比为50%-75%，活化剂占重量百分比为25%-50%，加热温度为110-150℃；所述活化剂包括碳酸钠、硬脂酸钠、氧化锌、硝酸胍和白炭黑。
对比例：
利用实施例二的全部步骤制备试验例材料，利用实施例二的步骤S1、S2和S4制备对比例材料，即，篷布的工艺和成分相同，区别仅在于对比例不设置牵拉丝；具体选定偶氮二甲酰胺占重量百分比为60%，活化剂占重量百分比为40%，加热温度为120℃。
断裂拉伸强度测量结果如下：
同时，为了考察牵拉丝的作用，进行加载1000N时的厚度测量试验，拉伸时厚度变化如下：
由此可见，由于设置有牵拉丝的篷布，在受到拉伸载荷时，牵拉丝将横向力转化为厚度方向的力，使篷布厚度减少，消耗了载荷，提高了断裂强度。尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (4)
1.一种车用轻型高强度篷布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、制备基布：所述基布（1）由第一纺丝（11）和第二纺丝（12）混纺制得；所述第二纺丝（12）具有比所述第一纺丝（11）更高的强度，所述第一纺丝（11）比所述第二纺丝（12）具有更高的弹性；所述第一纺丝（11）和所述第二纺丝（12）按照1:2的比例布丝，所述第一纺丝（11）采用直纺法；所述第二纺丝（12）采用勾丝纺织法，相邻两根所述第二纺丝（12）以S形勾连；
S2、制备夹层：将乙醇、正硅酸乙酯、去离子水、氨水和多聚二甲基环硅氧烷混合，搅拌均匀后，形成二氧化硅溶胶，将二氧化硅溶胶与胶合剂、热发泡剂、增稠剂混合均匀，涂抹至平铺的基布上，再以一层基布覆盖，构成三明治结构；
S3、纺织牵拉丝：以斜针法将牵拉丝呈波浪形斜穿于两层所述基布（1）之间，并以预设的间距与所述基布（1）打结固定；
S4、发泡：对篷布进行加热，使热发泡剂分解，形成发泡的夹层，
其中，所述第一纺丝（11）以直丝形式构成网格状的经丝和纬丝，相邻两根所述第二纺丝（12）构成一组，在长度方向上每间隔一格进行一次横向跨丝，相邻两组所述第二纺丝（12）的勾丝网格在长度方向上相错一格。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种车用轻型高强度篷布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述第一纺丝（11）为聚氨酯纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维、聚烯烃弹性纤维中的一种，所述第二纺丝（12）为聚酰胺纤维或金属丝纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种车用轻型高强度篷布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述热发泡剂为低温型ADCA发泡剂，其含有偶氮二甲酰胺和活化剂，偶氮二甲酰胺占重量百分比为50%-75%，活化剂占重量百分比为25%-50%，加热温度为110-150℃。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种车用轻型高强度篷布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述活化剂包括碳酸钠、硬脂酸钠、氧化锌、硝酸胍和白炭黑。
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