CN116657095A - 一种防变色炊具的制备方法及其制得的防变色炊具 - Google Patents
一种防变色炊具的制备方法及其制得的防变色炊具 Download PDFInfo
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- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A47J27/00—Cooking-vessels
- A47J27/002—Construction of cooking-vessels; Methods or processes of manufacturing specially adapted for cooking-vessels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防变色炊具的制备方法,涉及炊具技术领域,包括如下步骤:S101,选取炊具基体,对基体表面进行预处理;S102,制备金属靶材;S103,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积在基体上形成遮蔽层;S104,在遮蔽层上施加陶瓷涂料以形成阻挡层。本发明还公开了一种防变色炊具,由前述的制备方法制备而成。本发明通过在炊具基体上架构起含金属成分的遮蔽层和含陶瓷成分的阻挡层来阻止炊具表面变色,延长了炊具的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及炊具技术领域,具体涉及一种防变色炊具的制备方法及其制得的防变色炊具。
背景技术
目前,以铜及铜合金、钛及钛合金或不锈钢等金属为基材的炊具被广泛应用在厨房中,例如炒锅、煎锅、汤锅等。
然而这些金属炊具在遇到高温时容易氧化变色,影响用户的使用体验。金属表面因高温变色有两个原因:第一个原因是高温使用时金属与空气中的氩气、氮气等发生反应,其氧氮化物显色和形成薄膜反射泛彩。另外一部分为食物、油脂类及各种调料等食物添加剂粘附在金属表面,在高温时发生碳化、氧化等一系列反应造成金属表面变色。炊具变色之后很多用户会选择换新炊具,造成浪费。
相关技术中通常使用钝化的方式在金属表面形成一层钝化膜阻挡氧化变色,这样的钝化膜虽然有一定的抗高温变色效果,但是其膜层薄硬度低,耐磨性能不足容易在使用过程中被破坏而失去效果。相关技术中还存在向金属表面喷涂一层耐高温的透明陶瓷涂层的方式来抑制金属表面因高温而氧化变色,但也有耐磨性能不足容易失效的问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提供了一种防变色炊具的制备方法,具有不易变色、使用寿命长的优点。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种防变色炊具的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S101,选取炊具基体,对基体表面进行预处理;
S102,制备金属靶材;
S103,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积在基体上形成遮蔽层;
S104,在遮蔽层上施加陶瓷涂料以形成阻挡层。
本发明通过在炊具基体上架构起遮蔽层和阻挡层来阻止炊具表面变色,遮蔽层和阻挡层构成防变色膜层。市面上的炊具大多为金属材质,在高温使用时金属与空气中的氧气、氮气等发生反应,其氧氮化物显色和形成薄膜反射泛彩。另外,食物、油脂类及各种调料等食物添加剂也可能粘附在金属表面,在高温时发生碳化、氧化等一系列反应造成金属表面变色。相关技术一般会在金属外表面设置透明陶瓷涂层以阻止金属变色,但陶瓷膜硬度不足且膜层较薄,容易因磨损而使防变色功能失效,导致炊具的使用寿命短。需要说明的是,基体可以由单一片材制成,也可以由复合片材制成。
在本发明中,制备金属靶材,并通过镀膜工艺将金属靶材供给给炊具基体,金属靶材沉积在基体的外表面,形成具有金属成分的遮蔽层。遮蔽层的强度较高,不易被磨损,能够提高抗划伤和耐腐蚀的能力。在遮蔽层上施加陶瓷涂料形成陶瓷材质的阻挡层能防止基体外表面和遮蔽层变色。通过架构起遮蔽层和阻挡层相互配合的防变色涂层,能够增加炊具防变色的时间,延长炊具的使用寿命。另外,遮蔽层具有金属成分,与基体结合更加紧密,能够提高整个防变色涂层与基体的结合力,进一步延长炊具防变色的时长。
另外,遮蔽层的厚度为0.5~2.0μm,阻挡层的厚度为2~3μm。
可选的,在步骤103中,遮蔽层为金属层和陶瓷层;先采用氩气作为工作气体,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积到基体上形成金属层;再采用氮气作为工作气体,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积到金属层上形成陶瓷层。遮蔽层包括先后沉积的金属层和陶瓷层;当通入氩气作为工作气体时,金属靶材中的金属成分在镀膜工艺的工艺条件下脱离出来并沉积在基体外表面形成金属层;再通入氮气作为工作气体,金属靶材中的金属成分在镀膜工艺的工艺条件下脱离出来并与氮气反应生成以金属氮化物为主晶相的陶瓷,如氮化铬或氮化铝等,该陶瓷沉积在金属层上形成防变色陶瓷层。金属层能为遮蔽层提供结构强度并增强与基体外表面的结合程度;陶瓷层能够增强与阻挡层的结合程度,且陶瓷层通过镀膜工艺沉积生成,其晶体结构的强度大于陶瓷涂料形成的阻挡层的强度,进一步提高了硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,即陶瓷层在起到防变色效果的同时也能起到增加防变色膜层强度的效果。
可选的,在步骤103中,遮蔽层为陶瓷层,采用氮气作为工作气体,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积到基体上形成陶瓷层。通入氮气作为工作气体,金属靶材中的金属成分在镀膜工艺的工艺条件下脱离出来并与氮气反应生成以金属氮化物为主晶相的陶瓷,如氮化铬或氮化铝等,该陶瓷沉积在金属层上形成防变色陶瓷层。此时遮蔽层只包含陶瓷层,陶瓷层通过镀膜工艺沉积生成,其晶体结构的强度大于陶瓷涂料形成的阻挡层的强度,即陶瓷层在起到防变色效果的同时也能起到增加防变色涂层强度的效果。
可选的,在步骤103中,遮蔽层为金属层,采用氩气作为工作气体,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积到基体上形成金属层。通入氩气作为工作气体时,金属靶材中的金属成分在镀膜工艺的工艺条件下脱离出来并沉积在基体外表面形成金属层。此时遮蔽层只包含金属层,金属层能提供结构强度并增强与基体外表面的结合程度。
可选的,在步骤S103中,镀膜工艺包括多弧离子镀、蒸发或磁控溅射。磁控溅射是一种常用的物理气相沉积的方法,具有沉积温度低、沉积速度快、所沉积的薄膜均匀性好、成分接近靶材成分等众多优点。基本原理是利用等离子体在电场和交变磁场的作用下,与二次电子碰撞发生电离,形成离子后,在电场作用下加速飞向并高能轰击阴极靶,溅射获得中性靶材粒子,由此无定向动能的沉积附着在基体表面。多弧离子镀是采用电弧放电的方法,在固体的阴极靶材上直接蒸发金属,蒸发物是从阴极弧光辉点放出的阴极物质的离子,从而在基材表面沉积成为薄膜的方法。蒸发镀膜指在真空条件下,采用一定的加热蒸发方式蒸发金属靶材并使之气化,粒子飞至基片表面凝聚成膜的工艺方法。多弧离子镀、蒸发或磁控溅射都是物理气相沉积的方式,当然也可以选择化学气相沉积的方式来镀膜,如热化学气相沉积(TCVD)、等离子体化学气相沉积(PCVD)、激光(激发)化学气相沉积等。
可选的,形成的遮蔽层的空隙率小于10%。颗粒物料层中,颗粒与颗粒间的空隙体积与整个颗粒物料层体积之比称为空隙率。空隙率能够反应致密程度,空隙率越小结构就越致密。
可选的,在步骤S101中,预处理包括:对基体先进行清洗,再进行活化和钝化。清洗处理的主要目的是清洁基体表面,去除油脂、抛光蜡、盐类及其表面附着的颗粒物、提高后续镀膜的结合力。清洗包括超声波清洗、纯水洗、烘干等工序。使用2~10%双氧水或5~15%柠檬酸对基体进行活化和钝化,活化是指通过轻微的腐蚀作用去除基体表面氧化物,使基体表面活化,露出金属的结晶组织;钝化是指生成一层薄而致密、覆盖性良好、附着力强的氧化物膜层钝化金属表面,使金属处于相对稳定状态。在双氧水溶液或柠檬酸溶液中,基体先活化后钝化,最终形成稳定状态。
可选的,在步骤S104中,陶瓷涂料为硅溶胶、铝溶胶、钛溶胶及锆溶胶中的一种或几种。硅溶胶、铝溶胶、钛溶胶及锆溶胶涂布在遮蔽层上,经过固化之后形成膜状致密阻挡层,有效防止基体变色。
可选的,在步骤S104中,形成的阻挡层的空隙率小于1%。阻挡层的空隙率小于遮蔽层的空隙率,即阻挡层的致密程度大于遮蔽层的致密程度,提高了阻挡层和遮蔽层的结合强度,使阻挡层更加耐腐蚀。
可选的,在步骤S104之后还包括步骤S105,使用硅溶胶硅油复合涂料涂布在阻挡层上形成易洁层。硅油能够提供不粘性,便于烹饪和清洁,硅溶胶固化后具有一定强度,能够防止锅铲剐蹭。
此外,本发明还提供了一种防变色炊具,由前述的制备方法制备而成。该炊具具有不锈钢、铜及铜合金、钛或钛合金材质的基体。
1.在本发明中,通过在炊具基体上架构起含金属成分的遮蔽层和含陶瓷成分的阻挡层来阻止炊具表面变色,遮蔽层和阻挡层构成防变色膜层。
2.在本发明中,遮蔽层由金属靶材通过镀膜工艺沉积在基体上形成,由于其具有金属成分,所以提高了整个防变色膜层的强度,防止因磨损而使防变色能力失效,延长了炊具的使用寿命。
3.在本发明中,通过镀膜工艺沉积金属靶材时,通入不同的工作气体即可形成不同的遮蔽层。当通入氩气时,能够在基体上沉积一金属层;当通入氮气时,能够在基体上沉积一陶瓷层。
本发明的这些特点和优点将会在下面的具体实施方式以及附图中进行详细的揭露。本发明最佳的实施方式或手段将结合附图来详尽表现,但并非是对本发明技术方案的限制。另外,在每个下文和附图中出现的这些特征、要素和组件是具有多个,并且为了表示方便而标记了不同的符号或数字,但均表示相同或相似构造或功能的部件。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明:
图1为本发明防变色炊具的部分剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。基于实施方式中的实施例,旨在用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本说明书中引用的“一个实施例”或“实例”或“例子”意指结合实施例本身描述的特定特征、结构或特性可被包括在本专利公开的至少一个实施例中。短语“在一个实施例中”在说明书中的各位置的出现不必都是指同一个实施例。
实施例1:
本实施例提供一种防变色炊具的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S101,选取不锈钢材质的炊具基体,在其他实施例中,也可以选取铜、铜合金、钛或钛合金材质的炊具基体,对基体表面进行预处理。具体地,先清洁基体的表面,去除油脂、抛光蜡、盐类及其表面附着的颗粒物、提高后续镀膜的结合力。再对基体进行清洗,清洗包括超声波清洗、纯水洗、烘干等工序。然后将清洗好的基体放入2~10%的双氧水溶液中先活化再钝化,得到性质稳定的基体。在其他实施例中,也可以将清洗好的基体放入5~15%的柠檬酸溶液中先活化再钝化。
S102,制备金属靶材;将金属粉末制成直径1.2~2.2mm的丝材,采用电弧或激光熔覆工艺,制备成金属靶材。在本实施例中,金属为锆金属。其他实施例中,金属也可以为铬、镍、钛、铝、银等。
S103,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积在基体上形成空隙率小于10%的遮蔽层;在本实施例中,镀膜工艺为磁控溅射镀膜,在其他实施例中,镀膜工艺也可以为蒸发或多弧离子镀。具体地,将金属靶材和预处理之后的基体装入磁控溅射腔体中,打开氩气流量阀。在金属靶材和基体之间施加电压,将氩气电离为等离子体,从而轰击金属靶材,使金属靶材沉积到基体上形成金属层。再关闭氩气流量阀,打开氮气流量阀,在金属靶材和基体之间施加电压,将氮气电离为等离子体,从而轰击金属靶材,使金属靶材的金属离子与氮气反应生成金属氮化物相的陶瓷,从而沉积到金属层上形成陶瓷层。
S104,在遮蔽层上施加陶瓷涂料以形成空隙率小于1%的阻挡层。本实施例中,陶瓷涂料为硅溶胶,在其他实施例中,陶瓷涂料也可以为铝溶胶、钛溶胶或锆溶胶。将硅溶胶喷涂在遮蔽层上,在180~200℃下固化10分钟,形成阻挡层。
如图1所示,第一层为金属层,第二层为陶瓷层,第三层为阻挡层。
本实施例还提供一种防变色炊具,由前述的制备方法制备而成。
对该防变色炊具在400℃下进行测试,测试结果如图1所示。
实施例2:
本实施例提供一种防变色炊具的制备方法,其与实施例1的区别主要在于本实施例遮蔽层只包含陶瓷层,本实施例包括如下步骤:
S101,选取不锈钢材质的炊具基体,在其他实施例中,也可以选取铜、铜合金、钛或钛合金材质的炊具基体,对基体表面进行预处理。具体地,先清洁基体的表面,去除油脂、抛光蜡、盐类及其表面附着的颗粒物、提高后续镀膜的结合力。再对基体进行清洗,清洗包括超声波清洗、纯水洗、烘干等工序。然后将清洗好的基体放入2~10%的双氧水溶液中先活化再钝化,得到性质稳定的基体。在其他实施例中,也可以将清洗好的基体放入5~15%的柠檬酸溶液中先活化再钝化。
S102,制备金属靶材;将金属粉末制成直径1.2~2.2mm的丝材,采用电弧或激光熔覆工艺,制备成金属靶材。在本实施例中,金属为锆金属。其他实施例中,金属也可以为铬、镍、钛、铝、银等。
S103,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积在基体上形成空隙率小于10%的遮蔽层;在本实施例中,镀膜工艺为磁控溅射镀膜,在其他实施例中,镀膜工艺也可以为蒸发或多弧离子镀。具体地,将金属靶材和预处理之后的基体装入磁控溅射腔体中,打开氮气流量阀,在金属靶材和基体之间施加电压,将氮气电离为等离子体,从而轰击金属靶材,使金属靶材的金属离子与氮气反应生成金属氮化物相的陶瓷,从而沉积到基体上形成陶瓷层。
S104,在遮蔽层上施加陶瓷涂料以形成空隙率小于1%的阻挡层。本实施例中,陶瓷涂料为硅溶胶,在其他实施例中,陶瓷涂料也可以为铝溶胶、钛溶胶或锆溶胶。将硅溶胶喷涂在遮蔽层上,在180~200℃下固化10分钟,形成阻挡层。
本实施例还提供一种防变色炊具,由前述的制备方法制备而成。
对该防变色炊具在400℃下进行测试,测试结果如图1所示。
实施例3:
本实施例提供一种防变色炊具的制备方法,其与实施例1的区别主要在于本实施例遮蔽层只包含金属层,本实施例包括如下步骤:
S101,选取不锈钢材质的炊具基体,在其他实施例中,也可以选取铜、铜合金、钛或钛合金材质的炊具基体,对基体表面进行预处理。具体地,先清洁基体的表面,去除油脂、抛光蜡、盐类及其表面附着的颗粒物、提高后续镀膜的结合力。再对基体进行清洗,清洗包括超声波清洗、纯水洗、烘干等工序。然后将清洗好的基体放入2~10%的双氧水溶液中先活化再钝化,得到性质稳定的基体。在其他实施例中,也可以将清洗好的基体放入5~15%的柠檬酸溶液中先活化再钝化。
S102,制备金属靶材;将金属粉末制成直径1.2~2.2mm的丝材,采用电弧或激光熔覆工艺,制备成金属靶材。在本实施例中,金属为锆金属。其他实施例中,金属也可以为铬、镍、钛、铝、银等。
S103,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积在基体上形成空隙率小于10%的遮蔽层;在本实施例中,镀膜工艺为磁控溅射镀膜,在其他实施例中,镀膜工艺也可以为蒸发或多弧离子镀。具体地,将金属靶材和预处理之后的基体装入磁控溅射腔体中,打开氩气流量阀。在金属靶材和基体之间施加电压,将氩气电离为等离子体,从而轰击金属靶材,使金属靶材沉积到基体上形成金属层。
S104,在遮蔽层上施加陶瓷涂料以形成空隙率小于1%的阻挡层。本实施例中,陶瓷涂料为硅溶胶,在其他实施例中,陶瓷涂料也可以为铝溶胶、钛溶胶或锆溶胶。将硅溶胶喷涂在遮蔽层上,在180~200℃下固化10分钟,形成阻挡层。
本实施例还提供一种防变色炊具,由前述的制备方法制备而成。
对该防变色炊具在400℃下进行测试,测试结果如图1所示。
对比例:
本对比例提供一种防变色炊具的制备方法,其与实施例1的区别主要在于本对比例没有遮蔽层,本对比例包括如下步骤:
S101,选取不锈钢材质的炊具基体,在其他实施例中,也可以选取铜、铜合金、钛或钛合金材质的炊具基体,对基体表面进行预处理。具体地,先清洁基体的表面,去除油脂、抛光蜡、盐类及其表面附着的颗粒物、提高后续镀膜的结合力。再对基体进行清洗,清洗包括超声波清洗、纯水洗、烘干等工序。然后将清洗好的基体放入2~10%的双氧水溶液中先活化再钝化,得到性质稳定的基体。在其他实施例中,也可以将清洗好的基体放入5~15%的柠檬酸溶液中先活化再钝化。
S102,在基体上施加陶瓷涂料以形成空隙率小于1%的阻挡层。本实施例中,陶瓷涂料为硅溶胶,在其他实施例中,陶瓷涂料也可以为铝溶胶、钛溶胶或锆溶胶。将硅溶胶喷涂在遮蔽层上,在180~200℃下固化10分钟,形成阻挡层。
本对比例还提供一种防变色炊具,由前述的制备方法制备而成。
对该防变色炊具在400℃下进行测试,测试结果如图1所示。
测试方式为:将制得的炊具放置在400℃下,观察其经过多少时长变色,即可得到变色时长,变色时长可以用来评价炊具的防变色性能。
表1:实施例1、实施例2、实施例3及对比例的变色时长
由表1可得,实施例1制得得炊具防变色性能最好;其次,实施例2的遮蔽层只包括一陶瓷层,所以防变色性能次之;实施例3中遮蔽层只包括一金属层,防变色性能次于实施例2;对比例中没有设置遮蔽层,仅设置了阻挡层,防变色性能最差。
以上,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,熟悉该本领域的技术人员应该明白本发明包括但不限于附图和上面具体实施方式中描述的内容。任何不偏离本发明的功能和结构原理的修改都将包括在权利要求书的范围中。
Claims (11)
1.一种防变色炊具的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S101,选取炊具基体,对基体表面进行预处理;
S102,制备金属靶材;
S103,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积在基体上形成遮蔽层;
S104,在遮蔽层上施加陶瓷涂料以形成阻挡层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤103中,遮蔽层为金属层和陶瓷层;先采用氩气作为工作气体,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积到基体上形成金属层;再采用氮气作为工作气体,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积到金属层上形成陶瓷层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤103中,遮蔽层为陶瓷层,采用氮气作为工作气体,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积到基体上形成陶瓷层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤103中,遮蔽层为金属层,采用氩气作为工作气体,通过镀膜工艺使金属靶材沉积到基体上形成金属层。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S103中,镀膜工艺包括多弧离子镀、蒸发或磁控溅射。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,形成的遮蔽层的空隙率小于10%。
7.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S101中,预处理包括:对基体先进行清洗,再进行活化和钝化。
8.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S104中,陶瓷涂料为硅溶胶、铝溶胶、钛溶胶及锆溶胶中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S104中,形成的阻挡层的空隙率小于1%。
10.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S104之后还包括步骤S105,使用硅溶胶硅油复合涂料涂布在阻挡层上形成易洁层。
11.一种防变色炊具,其特征在于,由权利要求1-10任一项所述的制备方法制备而成。
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