CN116653373B - 一种具有防火功能的隔热材料、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种具有防火功能的隔热材料、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及应用于新能源电池包电芯与模组间隔热与防火材料研发技术领域,具体为一种具有防火功能的隔热材料、制备方法及其应用,具体包括:隔热层、防火支撑层Ⅰ、防火支撑层Ⅱ、包装层Ⅰ、包装层Ⅱ,隔热层包括原料:单DOPO基六苯基Ti‑POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉、纤维、粘结剂;把隔热层的原料混合铺设在防火支撑层Ⅰ与防火支撑层Ⅱ之间压制成型,封装在包装层Ⅰ与包装层Ⅱ之间,制备得到导热系数低至0.01‑0.03W/(m·K)、阻燃性能达到V‑0等级且抗拉强度≥30MPa、撕裂强度≥40N/mm的具有防火功能的隔热材料,其能够应用在新能源电池包电芯与模组之间,实现隔热与防火作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及应用于新能源电池包电芯与模组间隔热与防火材料研发技术领域,具体为一种具有防火功能的隔热材料、制备方法及其在电芯与模组间隔热与防火材料中的应用。
背景技术
新能源汽车由锂电池构成的电池包提供动力,锂电池在过充电、针刺、碰撞情况下易引起连锁放热反应,造成冒烟、失火甚至爆炸等热失控事故。热失控是锂电池最严重的安全事故,直接威胁用户的生命安全。针对电池包的热失控传播问题,当前主要通过热防护技术解决,如在锂电池电芯间放置隔热材料,当某块锂电池电芯发生热失控时,隔热材料可以有效抑制热蔓延,阻断热失控从发生热失控的锂电池电芯向四周传播,从而将热失控控制在单体锂电池电芯范围以内。
传统的用于锂电池包的隔热材料主要是云母粉热压形成的云母片材,云母片材具有较好的耐热性能,但是隔热性能较差,且比重较大,作为隔热片用于两个锂电池电芯中间时,会导致电池包的整体重量大幅度增加,不利于新能源汽车的轻量化,从而影响新能源汽车的续航里程。
气凝胶因具有纳米多孔结构,导热系数低,是目前热导率最低的固态材料,市场上出现的隔热气凝胶纤维毡常采用气凝胶粉末和纤维基材复合而成,虽然气凝胶纤维毡相对于云母片材质量较轻,但由于气凝胶自身的结构特点,存在脆性大、柔性差等缺陷,在使用时很容易脱离纤维基材,出现“掉粉”的现象,同时由于气凝胶纤维毡中气凝胶的含量最多只有20~40%wt,起隔热作用的气凝胶填充量有限,因此对于一些隔热性能及力学性能要求较高的场合,现有气凝胶纤维毡并不能满足使用需求。
本发明引用参考文献如下:
浙江大学在2010年刊出的张文红的硕士学位论文《功能化POSS单体的合成与表征》公开了三羟基七苯基POSS([(C6H5)7T7(OH)3])的化学结构和合成方法。
发明内容
为了解决现有气凝胶纤维毡存在使用性能不足的技术问题,本发明提供一种具有防火功能的隔热材料、制备方法,其能够应用在新能源电池包电芯与模组之间,实现隔热与防火作用。
第一方面,本发明提供一种具有防火功能的隔热材料,包括:隔热层、防火支撑层Ⅰ、防火支撑层Ⅱ、包装层Ⅰ、包装层Ⅱ,隔热层布设在防火支撑层Ⅰ与防火支撑层Ⅱ之间,防火支撑层Ⅰ布设在隔热层与包装层Ⅰ之间,防火支撑层Ⅱ布设在隔热层与包装层Ⅱ之间;
所述隔热层的厚度设置为0.5~3mm、其由下述重量份的原料通过混合压制成型:70~85份平均粒径0.5~2.5μm的单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉、3-10份平均长度1~7mm的纤维、5~10份粘结剂。
优选的,所述隔热材料的导热系数0.01~0.03W/(m·K)、阻燃等级V-0、抗拉强度≥30MPa、撕裂强度≥40N/mm。
优选的,所述防火支撑层Ⅰ和防火支撑层Ⅱ的厚度均设置为0.5~1mm、选择使用的材料为芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维、PET混纺纤维、聚丙烯晴纤维、高硅氧纤维、莫来石纤维、玄武岩纤维、碳纤维以及其它具有阻燃功能的纤维构成的片状制品中的任意一种。
所述包装层Ⅰ和包装层Ⅱ的厚度均设置为0.1~0.3mm、选择使用PET膜、PP膜、PE膜、PVC膜、PI膜中的任意一种。
优选的,所述纤维选择使用聚酯纤维、芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维、预氧丝纤维、岩棉、PET混纺纤维、聚丙烯晴纤维、高硅氧纤维、莫来石纤维、玄武岩纤维、碳纤维中的任意一种;
所述粘结剂选择使用PE粉、EVA粉、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、白乳胶中的任意一种。
另一方面,本发明提供一种具有防火功能的隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1,把防火支撑层Ⅱ铺设在压片机的模腔底部;
步骤S2,把隔热层的原料混合搅拌,倒入压片机的模腔内并铺设在防火支撑层Ⅱ上,设置隔热层的厚度;
步骤S3,把防火支撑层Ⅰ铺设在隔热层上;
步骤S4,把防火支撑层Ⅰ-隔热层-防火支撑层Ⅱ压制成型,利用激光切割成所需尺寸,通过真空吸塑封装在包装层Ⅰ与包装层Ⅱ之间,得到具有防火功能的隔热材料。
优选的,所述步骤S4:把防火支撑层Ⅰ-隔热层-防火支撑层Ⅱ在压力1-5MPa、温度100-160℃下压制成型。
优选的,所述单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶的制备方法如下:利用表面衍生法,通过单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS的异丁氧基官能团与二氧化硅网络结构的表面羟基官能团发生缩合反应生成Ti-O-Si键,得到单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶。
优选的,所述单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS的制备方法如下:
步骤S1,利用9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧杂(DOPO)的磷氢(P-H)官能团与乙烯基三氯硅烷的乙烯基官能团发生加成反应生成DOPO基三氯硅烷;
步骤S2,以DOPO基三氯硅烷为盖帽试剂、三羟基七苯基POSS为原料、三乙胺为催化剂,通过顶角盖帽法合成单DOPO基七苯基POSS;
步骤S3,以单DOPO基七苯基POSS为原料、有机碱为催化剂,通过顶点打开法,选择性打开单DOPO基七苯基POSS的一个顶角,得到三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS;
步骤S4,以钛酸异丁酯为盖帽试剂、三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS为原料、三乙胺为催化剂,通过顶角盖帽法合成单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS。
优选的,所述步骤S3:有机碱催化剂选择使用四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵中的任意一种或者两种组合。
第三方面,本发明提供一种具有防火功能的隔热材料在新能源电池包电芯与模组间隔热与防火材料上的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具备以下有益的技术效果:
本发明把隔热层的原料(单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶和纤维及粘结剂)混合铺设在防火支撑层Ⅰ与防火支撑层Ⅱ之间压制成型,真空吸塑封装在包装层Ⅰ与包装层Ⅱ之间,制备得到导热系数低至0.01-0.03W/(m·K)、阻燃性能达到V-0等级且抗拉强度≥30MPa、撕裂强度≥40N/mm的具有防火功能的隔热材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明的具有防火功能的隔热材料的结构示意图;
其中,1-隔热层、2a-防火支撑层Ⅰ、2b-防火支撑层Ⅱ、3a-包装层Ⅰ、3b-包装层Ⅱ;
图2为DOPO基三氯硅烷的化学结构式;
图3为单DOPO基七苯基POSS的化学结构式;
图4为三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS的化学结构式;
图5为单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS的化学结构式;
图6为单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶的改性机理。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种具有防火功能的隔热材料,如图1所示,包括:隔热层1、防火支撑层Ⅰ2a、防火支撑层Ⅱ2b、包装层Ⅰ3a、包装层Ⅱ3b;
隔热层1布设在防火支撑层Ⅰ2a与防火支撑层Ⅱ2b之间;
防火支撑层Ⅰ2a布设在隔热层1与包装层Ⅰ3a之间;
防火支撑层Ⅱ2b布设在隔热层1与包装层Ⅱ3b之间;
隔热层1的厚度设置为2mm、其由下述重量份的原料通过混合压制成型:80份平均粒径1μm的单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉、8份平均长度3mm的聚酯纤维、7份白乳胶粘结剂;
其中,聚酯纤维使用去离子水、甲醇依次进行清洗,浸泡在甲醇中进行超声震荡0.5h,烘干备用;
白乳胶是由醋酸与乙烯反应合成醋酸乙烯,通过添加钛白粉,经过乳液聚合而成的乳白色稠状液体,可常温固化、固化时间4h,固含量30-48%;
防火支撑层Ⅰ2a的厚度为0.8mm、其使用SMC片;
防火支撑层Ⅱ2b的厚度为0.8mm、其使用SMC片;
其中,SMC片是由不饱和聚酯玻璃纤维增强片状模塑料,经模压成型的片状制品;
包装层Ⅰ3a的厚度为0.2mm、其使用PET膜;
包装层Ⅱ3b的厚度为0.2mm、其使用PET膜;
具有防火功能的隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1,把厚度0.8mm的防火支撑层Ⅱ2b铺设在压片机的模腔底部;
步骤S2,把隔热层1的原料混合搅拌1h,倒入压片机的模腔内并铺设在防火支撑层Ⅱ2b上,设置隔热层1的厚度2mm;
步骤S3,把厚度0.8mm防火支撑层Ⅰ2a铺设在隔热层1上;
步骤S4,在压力3MPa、温度120℃下压制成型,利用激光切割成尺寸500mm*500mm的防火支撑层Ⅰ2a-隔热层1-防火支撑层Ⅱ2b,防火支撑层Ⅰ2a-隔热层1-防火支撑层Ⅱ2b通过真空吸塑封装在包装层Ⅰ3a与包装层Ⅱ3b之间,得到具有防火功能的隔热材料。
实施例2:
本实施例的具有防火功能的隔热材料,其具体结构组成参见实施例1,与实施例1的具有防火功能的隔热材料相比,其区别部分具体如下:
隔热层1的厚度设置为0.5mm、其由下述重量份的原料通过混合压制成型:70份平均粒径0.5μm的单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉、3份平均长度1mm的聚酯纤维、5份白乳胶粘结剂;
防火支撑层Ⅰ2a的厚度为0.5mm、其使用SMC片;
防火支撑层Ⅱ2b的厚度为0.5mm、其使用SMC片;
包装层Ⅰ3a的厚度为0.1mm、其使用PET膜;
包装层Ⅱ3b的厚度为0.1mm、其使用PET膜;
具有防火功能的隔热材料的制备方法:防火支撑层Ⅰ2a-隔热层1-防火支撑层Ⅱ2b在压力1MPa、温度160℃下压制成型。
实施例3:
本实施例的具有防火功能的隔热材料,其具体结构组成参见实施例1,与实施例1的具有防火功能的隔热材料相比,其区别部分具体如下:
隔热层1的厚度设置为3mm、其由下述重量份的原料通过混合压制成型:85份平均粒径2.5μm的单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉、10份平均长度7mm的聚酯纤维、10份白乳胶粘结剂;
防火支撑层Ⅰ2a的厚度为1mm、其使用SMC片;
防火支撑层Ⅱ2b的厚度为1mm、其使用SMC片;
包装层Ⅰ3a的厚度为0.3mm、其使用PET膜;
包装层Ⅱ3b的厚度为0.3mm、其使用PET膜;
具有防火功能的隔热材料的制备方法:防火支撑层Ⅰ2a-隔热层1-防火支撑层Ⅱ2b在压力5MPa、温度100℃下压制成型。
性能测试:
实施例1、2、3中具有防火功能的隔热材料的性能测试方法如下:
(1)使用数显厚度计测试样品的厚度THK,其单位为mm;
(2)使用热流法导热系数测定仪测试样品的导热系数λ,其单位为W/(m·K);
(3)根据ASTM D412(Die C)标准测定样品的拉伸强度,其单位为MPa;
(4)根据ASTM D624(Die B)标准测定样品的撕裂强度,其单位为N/mm;
(5)根据UL 94垂直燃烧标准测定样品的阻燃等级;
(6)隔热性能测试:在压力0.7MPa、热面温度600℃下,持续30min,每隔5min采集一个背面温度数据。
根据上述测试方法,测试实施例1、2、3中所制备的具有防火功能的隔热材料的各项性能,其测试结果具体如下表1和2所示;
表1 具有防火功能的隔热材料的隔热、阻燃、力学等性能测试结果
表2 具有防火功能的隔热材料的隔热性能测试结果
原料合成实验例:
二氧化硅气凝胶具有易燃烧的缺点、且未经过表面修饰的SiO2气凝胶表面连有亲水性羟基(-OH)基团,-OH基团会导致SiO2气凝胶易于吸附水分,吸收的水分再蒸发过程会导致硅凝胶结构的坍塌,这些限制了SiO2气凝胶的应用,据此本发明合成了一种能够同步提高阻燃性能与气凝胶骨架强度性能的疏水性单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉,其作为实施例1的原料;
单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉的具体合成过程如下:
合成例1:
制备DOPO基三氯硅烷,其合成机理如下:利用9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧杂(DOPO)的磷氢(P-H)官能团与乙烯基三氯硅烷的乙烯基官能团发生加成反应生成DOPO基三氯硅烷;
DOPO基三氯硅烷的合成步骤具体如下:向100mL的三口烧瓶中,加入2.16g9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧杂(DOPO)、10mL无水四氢呋喃,搅拌待其完全溶解之后,加入1.78g乙烯基三氯硅烷和164mg偶氮二异丁腈AIBN,在氮气保护下,于80℃反应12h,产物经减压蒸馏之后,于60℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到DOPO基三氯硅烷,其化学结构式如图2所示;
DOPO基三氯硅烷(C14H12Cl3O2PSi)元素分析结果如下:
检测值:44.52%C,3.18%H,28.18%Cl,8.48%O,8.22%P,7.42%Si;
理论值:44.53%C,3.20%H,28.16%Cl,8.47%O,8.20%P,7.44%Si;
合成例2:
制备单DOPO基七苯基POSS,其合成机理如下:以DOPO基三氯硅烷为盖帽试剂、三羟基七苯基POSS([(C6H5)7T7(OH)3])为原料、三乙胺为催化剂,通过顶角盖帽法合成单DOPO基七苯基POSS;
单DOPO基七苯基POSS的合成步骤具体如下:把100mL无水四氢呋喃、9.3g三羟基七苯基POSS([(C6H5)7T7(OH)3])加入置于冰水浴的500mL烧瓶中,利用氮气吹扫5min之后,加入4.2mL三乙胺,在机械搅拌速率120rpm下,以1mL/min的速率把溶解有3.76gDOPO基三氯硅烷的50mL无水四氢呋喃滴加至烧瓶中,冰水浴下搅拌反应0.5h,缓慢升温至水浴20℃,在水浴20℃下保温反应6h,把反应液加入到甲苯溶剂中进行沉淀,静置1h,经过抽滤、洗涤、于60℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到单DOPO基七苯基POSS,其化学结构式如图3所示;
单DOPO基七苯基POSS(C56H47O14PSi8)元素分析结果如下:
检测值:56.10%C,3.92%H,18.69%O,2.59%P,18.70%Si;
理论值:56.07%C,3.95%H,18.67%O,2.58%P,18.73%Si;
合成例3:
制备三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS,其合成机理如下:以单DOPO基七苯基POSS为原料、有机碱为催化剂,通过顶点打开法,选择性打开单DOPO基七苯基POSS的一个顶角,得到不完全缩合的三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS;
其中,有机碱选择使用四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵中的任意一种或者两种组合,本合成例采用35%四乙基氢氧化铵水溶液;
三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS的合成步骤具体如下:向500mL烧瓶中,加入2.4g单DOPO基七苯基POSS、50mL四氢呋喃、1mL35%四乙基氢氧化铵水溶液,在回流状态下机械搅拌反应5h,之后利用稀盐酸调节pH值至中性,通过旋转蒸发仪除去可挥发溶剂,产物溶解在乙醚中,分液、弃去水层,过滤所得溶液蒸干溶剂得到产物于60℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS,其化学结构式如图4所示;
三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS(C50H45O14PSi7)元素分析结果如下:
检测值:54.75%C,4.11%H,20.43%O,2.83%P,17.89%Si;
理论值:54.72%C,4.13%H,20.41%O,2.82%P,17.91%Si;
合成例4:
制备单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS,其合成机理如下:以钛酸异丁酯为盖帽试剂、三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS为原料、三乙胺为催化剂,通过顶角盖帽法合成单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS;
单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS的合成步骤具体如下:把25mL无水四氢呋喃、2.2g三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS加入置于冰水浴的100mL烧瓶中,利用氮气吹扫5min之后,加入1mL三乙胺,在机械搅拌速率120rpm下,以1mL/min的速率把溶解有0.68g钛酸异丁酯的10mL无水四氢呋喃滴加至烧瓶中,冰水浴下搅拌反应1h,缓慢升温至水浴25℃,在水浴25℃下保温反应12h,抽滤、并且采用乙腈洗涤、于60℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS,其化学结构式如图5所示;
单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS的核磁共振氢谱表征结果如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ):0.95(d,6H,-CH3),1.12(t,2H,Si-CH2-),1.39(m,1H,-CH-),2.52(m,2H,-CH2-P),3.45(d,2H,-CH2-O-Ti),7.16-8.25(m,38H,Ar-H);
单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS(C54H51O15PSi7Ti)元素分析结果如下:
检测值:53.38%C,4.20%H,19.77%O,2.55%P,16.15%Si,3.95%Ti;
理论值:53.36%C,4.23%H,19.74%O,2.55%P,16.18%Si,3.94%Ti。
合成例5:
制备单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶:利用表面衍生法,通过单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS的异丁氧基官能团与二氧化硅网络结构的表面羟基官能团发生缩合反应得到单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶,在改善了SiO2气凝胶疏水性能的同时均匀地引入了阻燃功能性元素-磷,并且把能够增强凝胶骨架强度的功能性元素-钛均匀地引入至SiO2气凝胶网络结构之中,实现SiO2气凝胶阻燃性能与疏水性能及凝胶骨架强度性能的复合改性,其改性机理如图6所示;
单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶的合成步骤具体如下:正硅酸乙酯、乙醇、去离子水以体积比3.5:7:1,配制SiO2气凝胶的前驱体溶液,搅拌0.5h,利用0.1mol/L草酸溶液调节pH值至3,于45℃下反应1.5h,利用0.1mol/L氨水调节pH值至7,搅拌0.5h,密封静置至凝胶化,通过乙醇老化12h、正己烷置换12h,利用体积比5:5:1的正己烷-甲苯-单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS溶液于45℃下与二氧化硅网络结构表面的羟基发生缩合反应24h,之后采用正己烷浸泡24h,在常压下于60℃干燥4h、80℃干燥4h、120℃下干燥2h,得到单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶。
合成例6:
单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉的制备方法如下:
把合成例5制备获得的单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶,经过球磨处理,过筛,制备得到平均粒径1µm的单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉。
实施例2、3所用的原料(单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉)的制备方法与实施例1的一致,其区别在于要得到不同平均粒径的单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉所需的球磨时间不同,过筛的筛孔规格不同。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有防火功能的隔热材料,其特征在于,包括:隔热层(1)、防火支撑层Ⅰ(2a)、防火支撑层Ⅱ(2b)、包装层Ⅰ(3a)、包装层Ⅱ(3b),隔热层(1)布设在防火支撑层Ⅰ(2a)与防火支撑层Ⅱ(2b)之间,防火支撑层Ⅰ(2a)布设在隔热层(1)与包装层Ⅰ(3a)之间,防火支撑层Ⅱ(2b)布设在隔热层(1)与包装层Ⅱ(3b)之间;
所述隔热层(1)的厚度设置为0.5~3mm、其由下述重量份的原料通过混合压制成型:70~85份平均粒径0.5~2.5μm的单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶粉、3-10份平均长度1~7mm的纤维、5~10份粘结剂;
其中,单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶的制备方法如下:利用表面衍生法,通过单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS的异丁氧基官能团与二氧化硅网络结构的表面羟基官能团发生缩合反应生成Ti-O-Si键,得到单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS改性SiO2气凝胶;
所述单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS的化学结构式为:
;
所述单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS的制备方法如下:
步骤S1,利用9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧杂(DOPO)的磷氢官能团与乙烯基三氯硅烷的乙烯基官能团发生加成反应生成DOPO基三氯硅烷;
步骤S2,以DOPO基三氯硅烷为盖帽试剂、三羟基七苯基POSS为原料、三乙胺为催化剂,通过顶角盖帽法合成单DOPO基七苯基POSS;
步骤S3,以单DOPO基七苯基POSS为原料、有机碱为催化剂,通过顶点打开法,选择性打开单DOPO基七苯基POSS的一个顶角,得到三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS;
步骤S4,以钛酸异丁酯为盖帽试剂、三羟基单DOPO基六苯基POSS为原料、三乙胺为催化剂,通过顶角盖帽法合成单异丁氧基单DOPO基六苯基Ti-POSS。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有防火功能的隔热材料,其特征在于,所述隔热材料的导热系数0.01~0.03W/(m·K)、阻燃等级V-0、抗拉强度≥30MPa、撕裂强度≥40N/mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有防火功能的隔热材料,其特征在于,所述防火支撑层Ⅰ(2a)和防火支撑层Ⅱ(2b)的厚度均设置为0.5~1mm、选择使用的材料为具有阻燃功能的纤维构成的片状制品中的任意一种;
所述包装层Ⅰ(3a)和包装层Ⅱ(3b)的厚度均设置为0.1~0.3mm、选择使用PET膜、PP膜、PE膜、PVC膜、PI膜中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有防火功能的隔热材料,其特征在于,所述纤维选择使用聚酯纤维、芳纶纤维、玻璃纤维、岩棉、聚丙烯腈纤维、碳纤维中的任意一种;
所述粘结剂选择使用PE粉、EVA粉、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、白乳胶中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有防火功能的隔热材料,其特征在于,所述具有防火功能的隔热材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1,把防火支撑层Ⅱ(2b)铺设在压片机的模腔底部;
步骤S2,把隔热层(1)的原料混合搅拌,倒入压片机的模腔内并铺设在防火支撑层Ⅱ(2b)上,设置隔热层(1)的厚度;
步骤S3,把防火支撑层Ⅰ(2a)铺设在隔热层(1)上;
步骤S4,把防火支撑层Ⅰ(2a)-隔热层(1)-防火支撑层Ⅱ(2b)压制成型,利用激光切割成所需尺寸,通过真空吸塑封装在包装层Ⅰ(3a)与包装层Ⅱ(3b)之间,得到具有防火功能的隔热材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种具有防火功能的隔热材料,其特征在于,所述步骤S4:把防火支撑层Ⅰ(2a)-隔热层(1)-防火支撑层Ⅱ(2b)在压力1-5MPa、温度100-160℃下压制成型。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有防火功能的隔热材料,其特征在于,所述步骤S3:有机碱催化剂选择使用四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵中的任意一种或者两种组合。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的具有防火功能的隔热材料在新能源电池包电芯与模组间隔热与防火材料上的应用。
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