CN116623295A - 一种钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 nickel-manganese transition metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- QBXVTOWCLDDBIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[Ta] Chemical compound [Zr].[Ta] QBXVTOWCLDDBIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/16—Oxides
- C30B29/22—Complex oxides
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- C30B1/00—Single-crystal growth directly from the solid state
- C30B1/10—Single-crystal growth directly from the solid state by solid state reactions or multi-phase diffusion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
本发明属于锂离子电池材料领域,具体提供了一种钽与锆共掺杂的改性无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料及其制备方法,所述正极材料的化学通式为:LiaNibMncTaxZryO2,其中,a介于1.2‑1.4之间,b介于0.2‑0.3之间,c介于0.5‑0.6之间,x和y介于0.005‑0.015之间,x和y相同或者不同。采用本发明的正极材料以及制备方法,提高了无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料的循环稳定性,抑制了其首圈容量不可逆衰减,大幅提高了首次库伦效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池材料领域,具体涉及一种钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池的发展与正极材料、负极材料和电解质的发展有关。从目前的需求来看,正极材料的低能量密度是其短板。
正极材料中,相对于LiCoO2、LiMn2O4和LiFePO4来说,通式为xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2(M=Ni,Mn)的富锂锰基正极材料表现更高的比容量(>250mAh·g-1),被认为是下一代阴极。
富锂锰基正极材料的实际应用存在以下问题:(1)在较高的截止电压时,电解液容易受到局部过氧化活性基团的攻击而发生分解。此外,还会在材料表面产生电解质界面(CEI)层,增加了界面电阻,消耗锂化/脱锂锂离子,并导致产生额外的热量和气体。(2)初始库仑效率低(3)严重的容量和电压衰减现象(4)电压滞后。(5)较差的倍率性能和低温性能。在循环期间,这些问题会产生严重的性能问题和安全问题从而阻碍了富锂锰基正极材料的产业应用。通过阳离子、阴离子掺杂改性对富锂锰基材料的首次库伦效率和循环稳定性有很大的改善。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料及其制备方法,用以提升无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料的循环稳定性及其首次库伦效率率。
为了实现上述目的,本次发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料,其特征在于,所述正极材料的化学通式为:LiaNibMncTaxZryO2,其中,a介于1.2-1.4之间,b介于0.2-0.3之间,c介于0.5-0.6之间,x和y介于0.005-0.015之间,x和y相同或者不同;x和y优选介于0.008-0.012之间。
本发明另一方面还涉及上述钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:利用共沉淀法制备无钴富锂锰基正极材料的前驱体;
步骤2:将步骤1中制备的前驱体进行洗涤、烘干处理;
步骤3:将步骤2中获得的前驱体、氢氧化锂、五氧化二钽和氧化锆混合球磨,得到钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴富锂锰基前驱体;
步骤4:将步骤3中得到的钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴富锂锰基前驱体进行烧结处理,即获得钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料。
步骤5:将步骤4中获得钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料经过球磨处理后,使用筛子进行过筛处理,随后得到正极料。
上述制备方法,利用共沉淀法制备无钴富锂锰基前驱体的具体步骤如下:
步骤1-1:将镍锰过渡金属盐按一定摩尔比称量,混合后加入去离子水配成溶液,称取NaOH并加入络合剂氨水溶液与去离子水配成4mol/L的混合碱溶液(氨水浓度为0.4~0.6mol/L);
步骤1-2:将步骤1-1中得到的溶液利用蠕动泵泵入共沉淀反应釜中,此过程中控制混合溶液的pH为10.6~11.2、蠕动泵的滴速、加热毯的温度及其反应釜的转速,经过搅拌反应后得到浅绿色物质,经过抽滤、洗涤及其干燥等工艺后获得所需前驱体,在这一步需要全程充入惰性气体。
上述制备方法,优选的,步骤1-1中所述过渡金属盐为硫酸盐、硝酸盐、乙酸盐中的一种或者多种;所述混合盐溶液的浓度1~2mol/L。
上述制备方法,优选的,步骤1-2中所述蠕动泵泵入滴速为1.0~1.7,加热毯的温度为50℃~60℃。反应釜的转速为400~600r/min。
上述制备方法,优选的,步骤1-2中所述中充入惰性气体即为氮气。
上述制备方法,优选的,步骤3中所述球磨时间为2~11h,球料比为1.5:1~6:1,球磨所用溶剂为无水乙醇或者甲醇之一,球磨转速为200~800r/min。
上述制备方法,优选的,步骤4中,所述烧结制度为:马弗炉空气气氛或者氧气气氛下以3~6℃/min的升温速率升温到450~570℃煅烧6h,930~960℃煅烧12h,最后随炉温自然冷却后。将煅烧的正极料经过球磨处理后,使用400目筛子进行过筛处理,随后得到富锂锰基正极料。
上述制备方法,优选的,步骤5中所述球磨球磨时间为2~6h,球料比为1.1:1~4:1球磨转速为300~900r/min。
本发明使用钽和锆共掺杂于富锂锰即正极材料中,所述钽和锆能取代部分锂和过渡金属,能够有效的增大锂离子扩散的层间距,进而有效改善富锂锰基材料的动力学性质,由于钽和氧、锆和氧的键都能高于镍或锰与氧的键能,因此钽与锆共掺杂能够提高材料结构的稳定性。此种改性方法提高了材料的首次库伦效率和循环稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料的XRD谱图;
图2为本发明钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料的SEM图;(a)x=0.00;(b)x=0.005;(c)x=0.01;(d)x=0.015
图3为本发明钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料的TEM图;(a-c)x=0.00;(d-f)x=0.01
图4为本发明钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料的电化学性能图(电压窗口为2.0~4.6V.1C=200mAh·g-1);(a)首次充放电比容量曲线;(b)倍率图;(c)循环图。图4的结果表明,Ta、Zr共掺杂后提高了电化学性能。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术效果及技术优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述;显然,所述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例。基于本发明中公开的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
比较例1
本实施例中提供一种无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料,化学通式为:Li1.32Ni0.24Mn0.56TaxZrxO2(x=0.00),具体制备方法如下:
(1)将镍锰过渡金属盐按一定摩尔比称量,混合后加入去离子水配成溶液,称取NaOH并加入络合剂氨水溶液与去离子水配成4mol/L的混合碱溶液(氨水浓度为0.4~0.6mol/L);
(2)利用蠕动泵泵入共沉淀反应釜中,此过程中控制混合溶液的pH为10.6~11.2、蠕动泵的滴速1.0~1.7、加热毯的温度50℃~60℃及其反应釜的转速为400~600r/min,经过搅拌反应后得到浅绿色物质,经过抽滤、洗涤及其干燥等工艺后获得所需前驱体,在这一步需要全程充入惰性气体-N2;
(3)将步骤(2)中获得0.8mol的前驱体与1.32mol氢氧化锂混合球磨,得到无钴富锂锰基前驱体;
(4)将步骤(3)中所述球磨时间为2~11h,球料比为1.5:1~6:1,球磨所用溶剂为无水乙醇或者甲醇之一,球磨转速为200~800r/min;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的无钴富锂锰基前驱体进行烧结处理,即获得无钴富锂锰基正极材料;
(6)步骤(5)中所述烧结制度为:马弗炉空气气氛或者氧气气氛下以3~6℃/min的升温速率升温到450~570℃煅烧6h,930~960℃煅烧12h,随后得到富锂锰基正极料;
(7)将步骤(6)中获得无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料经过球磨处理后,使用400目筛子进行过筛处理,随后得到Li1.32Ni0.24Mn0.56O2(即x=0.00)正极料;
(8)步骤(7)中所述球磨球磨时间为2~6h,球料比为1.1:1~4:1球磨转速为300~900r/min。
实施例1
本实施例中提供一种钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料,化学通式为:Li1.32Ni0.24Mn0.56TaxZrxO2(x=0.005),具体制备方法如下:
(1)将镍锰过渡金属盐按一定摩尔比称量,混合后加入去离子水配成溶液,称取NaOH并加入络合剂氨水溶液与去离子水配成4mol/L的混合碱溶液(氨水浓度为0.4~0.6mol/L);
(2)利用蠕动泵泵入共沉淀反应釜中,此过程中控制混合溶液的pH为10.6~11.2、蠕动泵的滴速1.0~1.7、加热毯的温度50℃~60℃及其反应釜的转速为400~600r/min,经过搅拌反应后得到浅绿色物质,经过抽滤、洗涤及其干燥等工艺后获得所需前驱体,在这一步需要全程充入惰性气体-N2;
(3)将步骤(2)中获得0.8mol的前驱体与1.32mol氢氧化锂、0.005mol五氧化二钽和0.005mol氧化锆混合球磨,得到钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴富锂锰基前驱体;
(4)将步骤(3)中所述球磨时间为2~11h,球料比为1.5:1~6:1,球磨所用溶剂为无水乙醇或者甲醇之一,球磨转速为200~800r/min;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的无钴富锂锰基前驱体进行烧结处理,即获得钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴富锂锰基正极材料;
(6)步骤(5)中所述烧结制度为:马弗炉空气气氛或者氧气气氛下以3~6℃/min的升温速率升温到450~570℃煅烧6h,930~960℃煅烧12h,随后得到钽、锆共掺杂改性富锂锰基正极料;
(7)将步骤(6)中获得钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料经过球磨处理后,使用400目筛子进行过筛处理,随后得到Li1.32Ni0.24Mn0.56TaxZrxO2(x=0.005)正极料;
(8)步骤(7)中所述球磨球磨时间为2~6h,球料比为1.1:1~4:1球磨转速为300~900r/min。
实施例2
本实施例中提供一种钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料,化学通式为:Li1.32Ni0.24Mn0.56TaxZrxO2(x=0.01),具体制备方法如下:
(1)将镍锰过渡金属盐按一定摩尔比称量,混合后加入去离子水配成溶液,称取NaOH并加入络合剂氨水溶液与去离子水配成4mol/L的混合碱溶液(氨水浓度为0.4~0.6mol/L);
(2)利用蠕动泵泵入共沉淀反应釜中,此过程中控制混合溶液的pH为10.6~11.2、蠕动泵的滴速1.0~1.7、加热毯的温度50℃~60℃及其反应釜的转速为400~600r/min,经过搅拌反应后得到浅绿色物质,经过抽滤、洗涤及其干燥等工艺后获得所需前驱体,在这一步需要全程充入惰性气体-N2;
(3)将步骤(2)中获得0.8mol的前驱体与1.32mol氢氧化锂、0.01mol五氧化二钽和0.005mol氧化锆混合球磨,得到钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴富锂锰基前驱体;
(4)将步骤(3)中所述球磨时间为2~11h,球料比为1.5:1~6:1,球磨所用溶剂为无水乙醇或者甲醇之一,球磨转速为200~800r/min;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的无钴富锂锰基前驱体进行烧结处理,即获得钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴富锂锰基正极材料;
(6)步骤(5)中所述烧结制度为:马弗炉空气气氛或者氧气气氛下以3~6℃/min的升温速率升温到450~570℃煅烧6h,930~960℃煅烧12h,随后得到钽、锆共掺杂改性富锂锰基正极料;
(7)将步骤(6)中获得钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料经过球磨处理后,使用400目筛子进行过筛处理,随后得到Li1.32Ni0.24Mn0.56TaxZrxO2(x=0.01)正极料;
(8)步骤(7)中所述球磨球磨时间为2~6h,球料比为1.1:1~4:1球磨转速为300~900r/min。
实施例3
本实施例中提供一种钽与锆共掺杂无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料,化学通式为:Li1.32Ni0.24Mn0.56TaxZrxO2(x=0.015),具体制备方法如下:
(1)将镍锰过渡金属盐按一定摩尔比称量,混合后加入去离子水配成溶液,称取NaOH并加入络合剂氨水溶液与去离子水配成4mol/L的混合碱溶液(氨水浓度为0.4~0.6mol/L);
(2)利用蠕动泵泵入共沉淀反应釜中,此过程中控制混合溶液的pH为10.6~11.2、蠕动泵的滴速1.0~1.7、加热毯的温度50℃~60℃及其反应釜的转速为400~600r/min,经过搅拌反应后得到浅绿色物质,经过抽滤、洗涤及其干燥等工艺后获得所需前驱体,在这一步需要全程充入惰性气体-N2;
(3)将步骤(2)中获得0.8mol的前驱体与1.32mol氢氧化锂、0.015mol五氧化二钽和0.005mol氧化锆混合球磨,得到钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴富锂锰基前驱体;
(4)将步骤(3)中所述球磨时间为2~11h,球料比为1.5:1~6:1,球磨所用溶剂为无水乙醇或者甲醇之一,球磨转速为200~800r/min;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的无钴富锂锰基前驱体进行烧结处理,即获得钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴富锂锰基正极材料;
(6)步骤(5)中所述烧结制度为:马弗炉空气气氛或者氧气气氛下以3~6℃/min的升温速率升温到450~570℃煅烧6h,930~960℃煅烧12h,随后得到钽、锆共掺杂改性富锂锰基正极料;
(7)将步骤(6)中获得钽、锆共掺杂改性无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料经过球磨处理后,使用400目筛子进行过筛处理,随后得到Li1.32Ni0.24Mn0.56TaxZrxO2(x=0.015)正极料;
(8)步骤(7)中所述球磨球磨时间为2~6h,球料比为1.1:1~4:1球磨转速为300~900r/min。
电池的装配:正极是用90wt.%所制备的正极料、6wt.%聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)粘合剂和4wt.%乙炔黑的浆料制备的。将得到的浆料涂布在铝布上。干燥、滚压后,将得到的正极片冲片,得到直径为1.2cm的圆片。将实验所需物品放入60℃的烘箱进行12h的烘干处理。随后在氩气保护的手套箱中组装CR2032扣式电池,其中负极为购买的金属锂片,电解液为1mol/L LiPF6溶解在碳酸亚乙酯(EC)/碳酸二甲酯(DEC)/碳酸乙基甲基酯(EMC)(体积比为1:1:1)的混合溶液。电池组装顺序为负极壳-金属锂-隔膜-正极片-垫片-弹片-正极壳。电压设定为2.00~4.60V,使用中国深圳市新威尔电子有限公司生产的电化学测试设备进行电化学性能测试。
本发明所组装的电池在2.0~4.6V电压范围内,0.1C下进行首次充放电测试,在0.5C放电倍率下进行循环测试,测得四个样品的电化学数据如下表所示。
表1展示了首次库伦效率和100圈后放电容量保持率
从表1中可以看出使用0.01mol钽和0.01mol锆共掺杂于富锂锰即正极材料中,所述钽和锆能取代部分锂和过渡金属,能够有效的增大锂离子扩散的层间距,进而有效改善富锂锰基材料的动力学性质,由于钽和氧、锆和氧的键能都高于镍或锰与氧的键能,因此钽与锆共掺杂能够提高材料结构的稳定性。此种改性方法提高了材料的首次库伦效率和循环稳定性。
本技术领域中的普通技术人员应当认识到,以上的实施例仅是用来说明本发明,而并非用作为对本发明的限定,只要在本发明的实质精神范围内,对以上所述实施例的变化、变型都将落在本发明的权利要求范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种钽与锆共掺杂的改性无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料,其特征在于,所述正极材料的化学通式为:LiaNibMncTaxZryO2,其中,a介于1.2-1.4之间,b介于0.2-0.3之间,c介于0.5-0.6之间,x和y介于0.005-0.015之间,x和y相同或者不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的正极材料,所述x和y介于0.008-0.012之间。
3.权利要求1或2所述的正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
步骤1:通过共沉淀法制备富锂层状氢氧化物前驱体;
步骤2:将步骤1中得到的前驱体与氢氧化锂、五氧化二钽和氧化锆混合并采用球磨机使其均匀分布;
步骤3:将混合均匀后的材料在空气箱式炉内分别按如下制度进行烧结450~570℃煅烧6h,930~960℃煅烧12h,最后随炉温自然冷却后。将煅烧的正极料经过球磨处理后,使用400目筛子进行过筛处理,随后得到无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,所述球磨时间为2~11h,球料比为1.5:1~6:1,球磨所用溶剂为无水乙醇或者甲醇之一,球磨转速为200~800r/min。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中,所述烧结制度为:马弗炉空气气氛或者氧气气氛下以3~6℃/min的升温速率升温到450~960℃,经过6~12h的煅烧。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中,所述球磨球磨时间为2~6h,球料比为1.1:1~4:1球磨转速为300~900r/min。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,利用共沉淀法制备无钴单晶富锂锰基正极材料的前驱体具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1-1:将镍锰过渡金属盐按一定摩尔比称量,混合后加入去离子水配成溶液,称取NaOH并加入络合剂氨水溶液与去离子水配成4mol/L的混合碱溶液;
步骤1-2:将步骤1-1中得到的溶液利用蠕动泵泵入共沉淀反应釜中,此过程中控制混合溶液的pH、蠕动泵的滴速、加热毯的温度及其反应釜的转速,经过搅拌反应后得到浅绿色物质,经过抽滤、洗涤及其干燥等工艺后获得所需前驱体,在这一步全程充入惰性气体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1-1中,所述过渡金属盐为硫酸盐、硝酸盐、乙酸盐中的一种或者多种;所述混合盐溶液的浓度1~2mol/L。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1-2中,所述混合溶液的pH为10.6~11.2、蠕动泵滴速为1.0~1.7,加热毯的温度为50℃~60℃。反应釜的转速为400~600r/min。
10.权利要求3~9任意一项所述制备方法制得的无钴富锂锰基正极料。
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