CN116617440A - 一种基于丝素蛋白的明胶/没食子酸抗菌伤口复合敷料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于丝素蛋白的明胶/没食子酸抗菌伤口复合敷料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116617440A CN116617440A CN202310434605.0A CN202310434605A CN116617440A CN 116617440 A CN116617440 A CN 116617440A CN 202310434605 A CN202310434605 A CN 202310434605A CN 116617440 A CN116617440 A CN 116617440A
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- Prior art keywords
- silk fibroin
- solution
- gelatin
- gallic acid
- dressing
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- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于丝素蛋白的明胶/没食子酸抗菌伤口复合敷料及其制备方法,采用同轴静电纺丝工艺制备:1)制备外层溶液:取丝素蛋白,以甲酸为溶剂,加入明胶,得到作为外层溶液的电纺溶液A,其中丝素蛋白、明胶的浓度分别为18‑22%g/ml、0.1‑0.5%g/ml;2)制备内层溶液:取丝素蛋白,以甲酸为溶剂,加入没食子酸,得到作为内层溶液的电纺溶液B,其中丝素蛋白、没食子酸的浓度分别为18‑22%g/ml、0.1‑0.5%g/ml;3)同轴静电纺丝制备复合敷料。本发明以丝素蛋白和明胶、没食子酸为原材料,通过同轴静电纺丝制备出的复合敷料对人体机械性能强、无毒无害、抗炎抗菌,能够促进伤口愈合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种基于丝素蛋白的明胶/没食子酸抗菌伤口复合敷料及其制备方法。
背景技术
皮肤是人体最大、最重要的器官之一,全部皮肤占体重的4%~6%,连同皮下组织为体重的15%~17%。皮肤覆盖在人体表面,表皮、真皮、皮下组织三者共同构成了人体的皮肤结构。皮肤是人体抵御外界伤害的重要屏障,也是人体重要的免疫器官。皮肤具有重要的功能,例如抵抗体外病原菌的入侵,排泄人体废物,防止人体水分的蒸发散失,调节人体温度,感受压力、寒冷、高温的刺激等。由皮肤疾病、大面积烧伤、慢性溃疡或者创伤引起的皮肤缺损一直是困扰临床医生的难题。幸运的是,抗菌伤口敷料将克服这一困难,实现定点、长效、高效灭菌。此外,其实际应用潜力大、易于产业化的优点使其具有广阔的应用前景。随着医疗科技进步,在国内医疗资源逐渐丰富、医疗保障力度加大、基础医疗建设加快、居民生活水平不断提高以及手术量不断增加、老龄化进程加速等因素的推动下,中国国内市场伤口护理类医用敷料也迅速发展。敷料作为暂时性皮肤替代物可起到保护创面、止血、防止感染、促进创面愈合等重要作用。
理想的敷料应该既可维持局部潮湿环境,又能释放药物,并兼备抗炎杀菌、促进细胞增生和帮助皮肤重建的功能。根据材料的性质和作用特点,将敷料分为传统敷料、相互作用型敷料、生物活性敷料等。传统的敷料如纱布、绷带等使用简单,价格低廉,但功能单一,且在换药的过程中可能会对创面造成损伤。
在世界范围内,细菌感染对人类健康的威胁越来越大,并且由于过度使用抗生素导致的多重耐药性的出现,细菌感染成为生物医学领域的一大挑战,为了减少抗生素的副作用和应对细菌的攻击,已经提出了许多杀菌策略,例如光热杀菌,光催化,纳米给药系统和金属或金属氧化物基抗菌纳米材料等。然而,很难将上述抗菌纳米材料固定在伤口表面以实现长期有效的杀菌,这极大地限制了它们的实际应用。通过创面局部使用抗生素来防治感染可能产生细菌耐药并存在过敏或毒性风险。预防和治疗创面感染对伤口修复尤为重要。并且中药外用在治疗皮肤创面中独具特色,根据患者及创面的整体分析,提出了清热解毒、化腐生肌;活血化瘀,消肿生肌等不同治疗方法,既能加速创面愈合,又能减少瘢痕产生,提高创面愈合质量。然而,目前关于中药外用促进创面愈合药物作用机制研究还不够深入。因此,将中药与性质优良的高分子材料载体抗菌敷料结合,对于疗效的发挥更是事半功倍,如今,传统医用敷料产品已经难以满足伤口的治疗需求,新型敷料将成为推动敷料市场发展的主要驱动力,可以预见的是,随着抗菌性材料和生物材料的应用,市场上传统敷料产品将逐渐减少,而功能性医用敷料,如水凝胶、水胶体、泡沫敷料、透明敷贴等将强势增长。
新型伤口敷料的市场需求增加,与当今医学社会结构有着密不可分的关系。因此,需要研究一种对人体无害、对皮肤创面具有抗菌抗炎、止血、缓慢释放药物的具有促进愈合作用的按需给药的柔性伤口敷料,由于伤口敷料中添加抗生素或对伤口局部使用抗生素来预防和治疗伤口感染,这样不仅会产生细菌耐药性,甚至一些抗炎剂还对生物体有毒有害,可能引起过敏反应、肾毒性等。临床上也通过添加纳米金属和抗生素等功能成分以增强敷料的抗炎性,但会引发细胞毒性与抗药性,威胁生物体安全。因此如何降低抗炎剂的生物毒性以及根据创面炎症情况精确控制抗炎剂的释放等都是皮肤伤口敷料需要解决的问题。所以,研发一种具有高度的生物相容性、显著的抗炎性同时能实时观察伤口愈合情况等诸多功效的伤口敷料是一个亟待解决并且具有重要临床价值的问题。作为理想的伤口敷料,这类抗菌伤口敷料既可维持局部潮湿环境,可以直接与人体皮肤接触,使工作部位精准无误释放药物,还能够实现长时间、连续性的生物功能,并兼备抗炎杀菌、促进细胞增生和帮助皮肤重建的功能,这对伤口愈合具有重要意义。
目前,对于丝素蛋白敷料一般采用静电纺丝技术制备,鲜见有采用同轴静电纺丝技术制备的。同轴静电纺丝技术的原理是:在电纺过程中两种溶液在毛细管口处汇合时间较短,且两种溶液的扩散系数较低,因此两种纺丝液在固化前不会混合。对内外层液体施加高压电场,内层溶液的电荷逐渐迁移到外层溶液表面。随着电压升高,电场力变大,外层溶液表面的电荷量逐渐増加;当电荷聚集到一定程度,电荷的排斥力増大,外层溶液被拖拽并拉伸,在纺丝喷头处形成复合泰勒锥,继而从泰勒锥体拉伸出由壳层包被着核层聚合物的同轴复合结枃;复合泰勒锥被进一步牵伸成芯壳结构喷射细流,在拉伸的过程中经过强烈的鞭动、弯曲变形。随着溶剂在细流牵伸过程中快速挥发和喷射流的逐渐细化,最终在接收装置上收集到复合结枃的超细纤维膜。
发明内容
本发明是以丝素蛋白和明胶、没食子酸为原材料,通过各种不同工艺及方法,制备出一种对人体机械性能强、无毒无害、抗炎抗菌的促进伤口愈合的皮肤辅料。因此本申请保护如下技术方案:
一种基于丝素蛋白的明胶/没食子酸抗菌伤口复合敷料的制备方法,采用同轴静电纺丝工艺制备得到,包括如下步骤:
1)制备外层溶液:取丝素蛋白,以甲酸为溶剂,加入明胶,得到作为外层溶液的电纺溶液A,所述电纺溶液A中丝素蛋白、明胶的浓度分别为18-22%g/ml、0.1-0.5%g/ml;
2)制备内层溶液:取丝素蛋白,以甲酸为溶剂,加入没食子酸,得到作为内层溶液的电纺溶液B,所述电纺溶液B中丝素蛋白、没食子酸的浓度分别为18-22%g/ml、0.1-0.5%g/ml;
3)同轴静电纺丝:将制备得到的外层溶液、内层溶液分别注入同轴静电纺丝针头的外针头、内针头中,在电压为15-20KV、接收距离10-20cm、电纺溶液A、电纺溶液B和进料口的流速均为0.004-0.006ml/min的条件下,将静电发生器连接同轴静电纺丝针头进行静电纺丝,制备得到复合敷料。
优选地,步骤3)中同轴静电纺丝的工艺参数为:喷丝口与接收板之间所施加的电压为18KV、注射针头与收集板的距离为15cm、电纺溶液A、电纺溶液B和进料口的流速均为0.005ml/min。
优选地,所述电纺溶液A中丝素蛋白、明胶的浓度分别为18-22%g/ml、0.3-0.5%g/ml。
优选地,所述电纺溶液B中丝素蛋白、没食子酸的浓度分别为18-22%g/ml、0.3-0.5%g/ml。
优选地,所述电纺溶液A中丝素蛋白、明胶的浓度分别为19-21%g/ml、0.3-0.5%g/ml;
所述电纺溶液B中丝素蛋白、没食子酸的浓度分别为19-21%g/ml、0.3-0.5%g/ml。
进一步优选地,所述电纺溶液A中丝素蛋白、明胶的浓度分别为20%g/ml、0.5%g/ml;
所述电纺溶液B中丝素蛋白、没食子酸的浓度分别为20%g/ml、0.5%g/ml。
优选地,所述丝素蛋白是采用蚕茧用剪脱胶制备得到。
在上述技术方案中,所述丝素蛋白的制备方法包括如下步骤:将蚕茧脱胶得到脱胶蚕丝,洗涤、烘干后与无水氯化钙混合,加入甲酸完全溶解,离心、浇铸、风干,将其浸泡于超纯水去除杂质离子,烘干即得到丝素蛋白。
优选地,所述丝素蛋白的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将蚕茧剪碎后进行超声清洗去除杂质,采用碳酸钠溶液脱胶得到脱胶蚕丝,将脱胶蚕丝洗涤后烘干备用,取烘干后的脱胶蚕丝与无水氯化钙和甲酸以脱胶蚕丝的质量﹕无水氯化钙的质量﹕甲酸的体积=2.5﹕1﹕10的比例混合溶解;溶解结束后将混合溶液装入离心管中离心20min/次,两次,离心后浇铸于培养皿中风干1~2天,直至混合溶液干燥,放置于超纯水中,浸泡至少12个小时,待其颜色变为纯牛奶色取出,干燥后得到丝素蛋白膜。
本发明还保护上述任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的复合敷料。
本发明的有益效果是:
1)抗菌敷料制备步骤简单,操作简易,反应条件温和,成本较低,比较适合大规模批量生产。丝素蛋白属于一种天然高分子纤维蛋白,具有无毒无害的特质,本发明选用的没食子酸为多酚类有机化合物和丝素蛋白结合,通过同轴静电纺丝技术,能够结合没食子酸抗炎抗菌、生物活性,制备得到的敷料具备具备良好抗菌效果,缩短伤口愈合时间,促进伤口愈合。
2)本发明采用丝素蛋白天然高分子纤维蛋白为基底,同时载入明胶大分子的亲水胶体,丝素蛋白和明胶结合制备得到敷料,具备了丝素蛋白良好的生物相容性和可降解性的优点,能够很好的与伤口组织亲和,不会引起排斥反应,还具备明胶的亲水性、机械强度,提高敷料的机械性能,同时能够及时的吸收伤口处多余的渗出物,减少细菌感染风险,此外,加入明胶还能减缓敷料的降解速率,提高敷料的可用时间。
3)本发明的复合敷料在丝素纤维与没食子酸/明胶两种不同物质呈现出相对最优的性能,其中两种物质的结合发挥了最大程度的协同作用,在弥补各自缺点的同时保留了各自的优点。机械性能随明胶含量的增大而提高,降解速率、吸水性能已在实验中得到证明;进一步实验评估了本发明复合敷料的体外和体内生物活性:生物相容性试验表明制备的敷料对NIH-3T3成纤维细胞没有毒性,并有适当的促进作用;在小鼠全层皮损模型中应用抗菌敷料,与空白对照组相比,小鼠伤口面积愈合速度加快,病程缩短。
附图说明
图1为丝素蛋白膜的制备过程流程图。
图2是实施例1中普通静电纺丝得到的复合敷料的SEM图。
图3为同轴静电纺丝制备本发明的复合敷料的原理示意图。
图4为按照不同配比制备的复合敷料的应力应变拉伸曲线测试图。
图5为不同倍镜下载入明胶载药与未载入明胶载药的复合敷料的SEM图。
图6为不同复合敷料在含有XIV胰蛋白酶的PBS溶液中的降解曲线。
图7为不同复合敷料在PBS中的吸水率的测试图。
图8为本发明制备的复合敷料中的没食子酸不同配比的细胞生物相容性测试中小鼠成纤维细胞的细胞活力的柱状图。
图9为本发明制备的复合敷料中的没食子酸不同配比的细胞生物相容性测试中小鼠成纤维细胞的活/死细胞染色的荧光图。
图10为本发明制备的复合敷料中没食子酸不同配比对金黄色葡萄球菌细菌的抑菌程度对比图。
图11为本发明制备的复合敷料中的最优配比应用于小鼠全层皮损的伤口愈合的免疫组化对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但并不因此而限制本发明。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特别说明,均为常规方法;所用试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均为本领域常规试剂和材料,均可商购获得。
明胶(Gelatin,GT):CAS登录号9000-70-8,纯度99%。
没食子酸(gallicacid,GA):CAS登录号149-91-7,纯度99%。
甲酸:纯度98%。
实施例1、普通静电纺丝制备复合敷料
一、丝素蛋白(SF)膜的制备
制备流程图如图1所示。
选取优质蚕茧剪碎后进行超声清洗至少15分钟去除杂质,量取2.00L去离子水,加入4.24gNa2CO3,加热至沸腾100.00℃,待Na2CO3完全溶解后,再将蚕茧放入其中,搅拌处理60分钟。取出脱胶后的蚕丝,用去离子水充分洗涤揉搓,重复洗涤直至脱胶的蚕丝洗涤干净,放在烘干箱干燥24小时,得到脱胶蚕丝。
以无水氯化钙为溶质,甲酸为溶剂,然后称取一定等质量的脱胶蚕丝,按照脱胶蚕丝的质量﹕无水氯化钙的质量﹕甲酸的体积=2.5﹕1﹕10的比例溶解脱胶蚕丝;即取5g脱胶蚕丝与2g无水氯化钙混合,加入20ml甲酸在磁力搅拌机进行搅拌,待脱胶蚕丝完全溶解后,将溶液离心两次,每次20分钟,之后将其浇铸于10cm培养皿中,放置通风处风干1-2天待甲酸挥发,风干后将其浸泡于超纯水中,使其浸泡为纯牛奶色除去剩余甲酸取出,烘干后即得到丝素蛋白。
二、制备复合敷料
称量2g丝素蛋白、50mg明胶、50mg没食子酸加入10ml甲酸溶液中,在磁力搅拌机上搅拌溶解12小时,得到用于静电纺丝的溶液,进行静电纺丝,工艺参数为:喷丝口与接收板之间所施加的电压为18KV、接收距离(即注射针头与收集板的距离)为15cm、进料口纺丝溶液的流速为0.005ml/min。
制备得到的复合敷料的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图如图2所示:由于明胶的理化性质黏度,易发生液珠,导致纺丝直径分布不均匀,与药物混纺进而导致药物在复合敷料上的分布不均匀。
实施例2、同轴静电纺丝制备复合敷料
一、丝素蛋白(SF)膜的制备
制备方法同实施例1
二、丝素蛋白膜与明胶的混合电纺溶液A的制备
制备不同明胶浓度的混合电纺溶液A:
1)称量2g丝素蛋白,加入10mg明胶混合,加入10ml甲酸溶液,在磁力搅拌机上搅拌溶解12小时,得到丝素蛋白浓度为20%g/ml、明胶浓度为0.1%g/ml的混合电纺溶液A1(20%SF+0.1%GT);
2)称量2g丝素蛋白,加入30mg明胶混合,加入10ml甲酸溶液,在磁力搅拌机上搅拌溶解12小时,得到丝素蛋白浓度为20%g/ml、明胶浓度为0.3%g/ml的混合电纺溶液A2(20%SF+0.3%GT);
3)称量2g丝素蛋白,加入50mg明胶混合,加入10ml甲酸溶液,在磁力搅拌机上搅拌溶解12小时,得到丝素蛋白浓度为20%g/ml、明胶浓度为0.5%g/ml的混合电纺溶液A3(20%SF+0.5%GT);
三、丝素蛋白膜与没食子酸的混合电纺溶液B的制备
制备不同没食子酸浓度的混合电纺溶液B:
1)称量2g丝素蛋白,加入10mg没食子酸混合,加入10ml甲酸溶液,在磁力搅拌机上搅拌溶解12小时,得到丝素蛋白浓度为20%g/ml、没食子酸浓度为0.1%g/ml的混合电纺溶液B1(20%SF+0.1%GA);
2)称量2g丝素蛋白,加入30mg没食子酸混合,加入10ml甲酸溶液,在磁力搅拌机上搅拌溶解12小时,得到丝素蛋白浓度为20%g/ml、没食子酸浓度为0.3%g/ml的混合电纺溶液B2(20%SF+0.3%GA);
3)称量2g丝素蛋白,加入50mg没食子酸混合,加入10ml甲酸溶液,在磁力搅拌机上搅拌溶解12小时,得到丝素蛋白浓度为20%g/ml、没食子酸浓度为0.5%g/ml的混合电纺溶液B3(20%SF+0.5%GA);
四、复合敷料的制备
1)采用同轴电纺技术,采用混合电纺溶液B3分别与混合电纺溶液A1、A2、A3复合制备复合敷料,分别得到载入明胶0.1%复合敷料(A1B3)、载入明胶0.3%复合敷料(A2B3)、载入明胶0.5%复合敷料(A3B3)。
2)采用同轴电纺技术,采用混合电纺溶液A3分别与混合电纺溶液B1、B2、B3复合制备复合敷料,分别得到载入没食子酸0.1%复合敷料(A3B1)、没食子酸0.3%复合敷料(A3B2)、没食子酸0.5%复合敷料(A3B3)。
设置同轴静电纺丝工艺参数:喷丝口与接收板之间所施加的电压为18KV、接收距离(即注射针头与收集板的距离)为15cm、电纺溶液A(外层溶液)和电纺溶液B(内层溶液)、进料口的流速均为0.005ml/min,纺丝房间保持湿度20%,纺丝时间为26小时,纺丝完成后将复合敷料放置干燥环境封存备用。同轴静电纺丝的流程图如图3所示。
实施例3、性能表征测试:
检测实施例2制备得到的复合敷料的性能。
一、不同配比复合敷料的应力应变拉伸曲线测试
利用万能力学测试仪检测复合明胶/没食子酸-丝素蛋白纤维敷料的力学拉伸性能,测试其机械性能。
将按照不同配比制备的复合敷料制备成2厘米×1厘米的矩形样本,固定于万能试验机的夹具上进行拉伸测试,样本厚度由厚度测量仪测量。此过程中万能试验机的拉伸速度为100mmmin-1,应力-应变曲线由万能试验机测试直接得出。如图4所示,随着明胶含量的增加,应力及应变逐渐增加,说明复合敷料的机械性能随之增加。
二、不同物质复合敷料扫描电镜观察
使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检查复合明胶/没食子酸-丝素蛋白纤维敷料的微观结构。在检查之前,将复合明胶/没食子酸-丝素蛋白纤维敷料在室温下真空干燥,将其剪成1cm×2cm的矩形样本,对样本进行喷金处理,并使表面朝上固定于扫描底座,并且在SEM下观察其表面的微观形态,在不同倍速下观察丝素蛋白载入明胶(0.5%)以及没食子酸(0.5%)对比丝素蛋白载入没食子酸(0.5%)微观形态,观察是否均匀、直径大小,如图5所示,相较于只载入没食子酸而不载入明胶的敷料,载入没食子酸+明胶的复合敷料直径更大且更均匀,很好的说明了应变应力提高的部分原因。
三、用金黄色葡萄球菌检测复合敷料的抗菌性能
选取实施例2中制备的复合敷料A3B1、A3B2、A3B3,剪切成直径大小相当的圆形,紫外照射3小时备用;取MH培养基A(固体培养基)和培养基B(液体培养基)粉末于细菌培养瓶,根据操作说明书加入相应体积的超纯水配备培养基,与培养皿、涂布器、接种环、接种针等一同灭菌3小时。取出固体培养基倒入培养皿待其冷却定型,用取菌棒取少量菌种涂布于培养基表面,放入37℃恒温孵育箱中复苏24小时。液体培养基保存于4℃冰箱备用。待细菌生长24小时后挑选大小合适、长势良好的单个菌落于液体培养基中,放置于摇床中培养,设置摇床基本参数如下:37℃,200rpm,8-10h,细菌生长良好后取200μL菌液接种至平板培养基,将实验样本依次轻放于菌液表面。将培养基置于37℃恒温孵育24h,观察细菌生长情况及实验样本周围抑菌圈的形成,并拍照记录,所有操作均在超净台工作,保证无菌环境。如图10所示,抑菌圈随没食子酸含量的增加而增大,说明了复合敷料的抗菌性能与没食子酸的含量正相关。
四、复合敷料的生物相容性测试
取实施例2中制备的复合敷料A3B1、A3B2、A3B3检测其生物相容性(一)、将制备的复合皮肤敷料浸泡于细胞完全培养基中,分别对NIH3T3成纤维细胞进行正常完全培养基培养以及复合敷料浸出液培养(每组重复三次),一段时间后利用CCK-8对细胞进行计数测量观察使用复合敷料浸出液培养基培养的细胞增殖情况。图8是不同药物浓度的小鼠成纤维细胞的细胞活力的柱状图。
(二)、将消毒后的材料放入十二孔板中,将细胞以每孔5×105的密度接种于材料,并于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中进行培养36小时,培养36小时后取出材料用PBS溶液进行清洗,清洗三次,随后向材料中加入Living&dead细胞试剂盒的CalceinAM/PI检测工作液,避光孵育40分钟后在荧光显微镜下对细胞进行拍照,图9为活死细胞荧光图,图8和图9可以看出复合敷料浸出液培养的细胞活性高于完全培养基组,说明本发明制备的复合敷料不仅不具备细胞毒性,反而可以有效促进小鼠成纤维细胞的增殖。
五、复合敷料的降解测试
丝素蛋白载入没食子酸(0.5%)+明胶(0.5%)敷料(即A3B3)对比未载入明胶和没食子酸的纯丝素蛋白敷料,用1×PBS溶解ProteaseXIV粉末,制备浓度为3.5UmL-1的ProteaseXIV溶液。称取质量相似(30±5mg,记录质量为W0)的样本测试,每个实验样本单独放于培养皿中,每组三个样,分别加入500μLProteaseXIV溶液,置于37℃环境下孵育,在特定时间点取出样本,超纯水冲洗,60℃干燥2h,称重并记录为W1,随后更换ProteaseXIV溶液在相同条件下继续孵育。重复以上操作直到样本被降解完。结果如图6所示,载入明胶的敷料比未载入明胶的纯丝素蛋白敷料降解时间更长,在12天左右,更符合伤口愈合的周期。
六、复合敷料的吸水率测试
丝素蛋白载入没食子酸(0.5%)+明胶(0.5%)敷料(即A3B3)对比未载入明胶和没食子酸的纯丝素蛋白敷料,分别剪取2cm×2cm大小的样本,用电子天平称量质量记作M1,各组样本分别放置PBS中,浸泡隔2、4、6、8、10、12小时后取出,用滤纸吸取表面水份,称得质量记作M2,吸水率为:W=(M2-M1)/M1×100%。如图7所示,载入明胶的敷料的吸水率大于未载入明胶纯丝素蛋白敷料,也佐证了本发明的有益效果,能够吸收多余的渗出液,减少伤口感染的风险。
七、复合敷料应用于小鼠全层皮损的伤口愈合
首先使用250μl浓度为4%(W/V)的水合氯醛溶液对小鼠进行腹腔注射麻醉,随后使用活检打孔器在小鼠背部造一个直径10mm左右的伤口,并分别在伤口处进行不处理和制备的复合敷料处理,图11为在伤口形成后的第3、7、12天三个时间节点的小鼠伤口组织切片HE染色图片,可以看到应用了本发明选取的复合敷料(A3B3)后,相较于空白对照组,小鼠伤口的愈合能力提高,缩短了小鼠的愈合时间。
本发明在实施例1中采用普通静电纺丝制备复合敷料,发现由于明胶的理化性质黏度,易发生液珠,导致纺丝直径分布不均匀,与药物混纺进而导致敷料中药物分布不均匀。经过发明人的研究发现,采用同轴静电纺丝复合丝素蛋白/明胶/没食子酸,能恰好将明胶的理化性质由缺点转为优点,使敷料结构更稳定:(1)用粘弹性液体介质取代外层液体(当普通电纺中为空气),如明胶的理化性质中的黏度,当外层液体被进一步作为壳拉伸时,壳液体的拉伸给予了界面更大的弹性,从而实现进一步稳定内层液体的作用。(2)将普通电纺中表面张力相对较高的液气张力变为了较低的液-气表面张力,降低了芯液边界处的表面力,避免因破裂成液滴而造成“电喷现象”。(3)在电纺过程中两种溶液在毛细管口处汇合时间较短,且两种溶液的扩散系数较低,因此两种纺丝液在固化前不会混合,不易造成化学性质的变化。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于丝素蛋白的明胶/没食子酸抗菌伤口复合敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,采用同轴静电纺丝工艺制备得到,包括如下步骤:
1)制备外层溶液:取丝素蛋白,以甲酸为溶剂,加入明胶,得到作为外层溶液的电纺溶液A,所述电纺溶液A中丝素蛋白、明胶的浓度分别为18-22%g/ml、0.1-0.5%g/ml;
2)制备内层溶液:取丝素蛋白,以甲酸为溶剂,加入没食子酸,得到作为内层溶液的电纺溶液B,所述电纺溶液B中丝素蛋白、没食子酸的浓度分别为18-22%g/ml、0.1-0.5%g/ml;
3)同轴静电纺丝:将制备得到的外层溶液、内层溶液分别注入同轴静电纺丝针头的外针头、内针头中,在电压为15-20KV、接收距离10-20cm、电纺溶液A、电纺溶液B和进料口的流速均为0.004-0.006ml/min的条件下,将静电发生器连接同轴静电纺丝针头进行静电纺丝,制备得到复合敷料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中同轴静电纺丝的工艺参数为:喷丝口与接收板之间所施加的电压为18KV、注射针头与收集板的距离为15cm、电纺溶液A、电纺溶液B和进料口的流速均为0.005ml/min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述电纺溶液A中丝素蛋白、明胶的浓度分别为18-22%g/ml、0.3-0.5%g/ml。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述电纺溶液B中丝素蛋白、没食子酸的浓度分别为18-22%g/ml、0.3-0.5%g/ml。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述电纺溶液A中丝素蛋白、明胶的浓度分别为19-21%g/ml、0.3-0.5%g/ml;
所述电纺溶液B中丝素蛋白、没食子酸的浓度分别为19-21%g/ml、0.3-0.5%g/ml。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述电纺溶液A中丝素蛋白、明胶的浓度分别为20%g/ml、0.5%g/ml;
所述电纺溶液B中丝素蛋白、没食子酸的浓度分别为20%g/ml、0.5%g/ml。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述丝素蛋白是采用蚕茧用剪脱胶制备得到。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述丝素蛋白的制备方法包括如下步骤:将蚕茧脱胶得到脱胶蚕丝,洗涤、烘干后与无水氯化钙混合,加入甲酸完全溶解,离心、浇铸、风干,将其浸泡于超纯水去除杂质离子,烘干即得到丝素蛋白。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述丝素蛋白的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将蚕茧剪碎后进行超声清洗去除杂质,采用碳酸钠溶液脱胶得到脱胶蚕丝,将脱胶蚕丝洗涤后烘干备用,取烘干后的脱胶蚕丝与无水氯化钙和甲酸以脱胶蚕丝的质量﹕无水氯化钙的质量﹕甲酸的体积=2.5﹕1﹕10的比例混合溶解;溶解结束后将混合溶液装入离心管中离心20min/次,两次,离心后浇铸于培养皿中风干1~2天,直至混合溶液干燥,放置于超纯水中,浸泡至少12个小时,待其颜色变为纯牛奶色取出,干燥后得到丝素蛋白膜。
10.采用权利要求1至9任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的复合敷料。
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