CN107519524B - 一种聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107519524B CN107519524B CN201710858507.4A CN201710858507A CN107519524B CN 107519524 B CN107519524 B CN 107519524B CN 201710858507 A CN201710858507 A CN 201710858507A CN 107519524 B CN107519524 B CN 107519524B
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- collagen
- polycaprolactone
- quaternary ammonium
- ammonium salt
- fiber membrane
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Abstract
本发明涉及聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜及其制备方法,属于医疗器械领域。制备方法:首先通过调节聚己内酯与胶原蛋白的质量和浓度比,评价纺丝纤维的形貌,确定聚己内酯与胶原蛋白的最佳比例60:40,最佳浓度6%;然后,添加季铵盐浓度为3%,通过静电纺丝技术制得聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜。本发明的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜制备简便,具有良好的柔韧性和力学性能,能够快速止血,并且能在伤口表面形成一层保护性的纤维毡,促进伤口修复,阻止细菌感染,从而治愈皮肤损伤,兼备止血、抗菌抗炎、创伤修复等功能,很适合作为止血、创伤修复、医用器械材料,具有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械领域,具体涉及一种具有止血、抗菌抗炎、创伤修复功能的复合纤维膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
出血是创伤、术后主要的并发症,如果出血过多或者不能有效止血,必将引起休克,严重者危及生命,因此及时而有效地止血对于减少患者痛苦、挽救患者生命具有重要意义。目前,许多国内、国际上知名的大型医药公司都致力于研发新型止血材料,并有多种不同组成和机制的止血材料已应用于临床。如α-氰基丙烯酸酯类组织胶、羧甲基纤维素可溶性止血纱布、纤维蛋白胶、胶原蛋白(如明胶海绵)、无机多微孔材料(如沸石、纳米材料等)、TraumaDEX(主要成分马铃薯淀粉)、壳聚糖等。它们的止血效果得到肯定的评价,但尚有不足之处,如α-氰基丙烯酸酯类有炎性反应;纤维蛋白胶原料源自血液,成本高,且易传染疾病;多孔沸石和TraumaDEX在吸收水分后释放热能,导致伤口炎症;有的材料无法降解,拆除后易产生瘢痕等。因此研发能够克服以上缺点的新型止血材料具有重要的意义。
胶原蛋白(Collagen,COL)具有很好的生物学性能,如可生物降解性、低抗原性、细胞适应性、生物相容性和促进细胞增殖作用及加速血小板凝聚等。胶原具有极强的亲水性,能吸附创面聚集渗血形成血痂,阻塞断裂的血管,同时,胶原也可刺激血小板加速释放凝血因子,加速内源性凝血机制,达到快速止血。目前,相关产品,如纤维蛋白胶,已经上市,但是原材料来自于血液,成本高,且易传染疾病。如果能将动物来源的胶原蛋白作为原料,必然降低止血材料的成本。本发明选用自制的海洋鱼皮胶原蛋白为原料,该原料具有天然三股螺旋结构,止血性能及生物相容性与血液来源的胶原蛋白基本相同,与人血液、陆生动物来源的胶原蛋白相比,可大大降低传播人畜共患疾病的风险。
季铵盐(Quaternary Ammonium Salt,QAS,又称四级铵盐)是指铵离子中的四个氢原子都被烃基取代形成的一类有机铵盐化合物,通式R4N+X-,其中四个烃基R可以相同,也可以不同,X多为卤素负离子(F-、Cl-、Br-、I-),也可以是酸根(HSO4 -、RCOO-等)。本实验室合成的恶二唑杂环取代的双羟基季铵盐含有亲水性的双羟基和季铵基团,以及含氮杂环烷基亲脂基团,表现出双亲性能(亲水性和亲脂性),与吡啶季铵盐和Gemini季铵盐相比,更容易破坏菌类的细胞质膜结构,进入细胞内部,使细胞酶钝化、破坏,发生蛋白质变性,达到杀死细菌作用。另外,通过恶二唑杂环取代后,季铵盐的细胞毒性降低。将恶二唑杂环取代的双羟基季铵盐与胶原蛋白结合,能够弥补胶原蛋白无抗菌抗炎的缺陷,减少创伤止血和修复过程中的炎症和菌类感染,提高胶原蛋白的止血和组织修复功能。
目前,现有的胶原蛋白止血材料多为胶原蛋白海绵、明胶海绵,该类材料在止血过程中能够迅速吸收血液而变成红色,且被血液所浸透,但吸收血液后材料松软易散部分溶解,很难与出血点紧密贴合,止血效果有限。如果将胶原蛋白和季铵盐通过静电纺丝技术制成静电纺丝复合纤维膜,接触到出血点时,可以与创面紧密粘附,在膜材料周围形成止血痂,完成止血过程。与止血海绵相比,静电纺丝复合纤维膜能够通过快速止血和紧密贴合,减少血液流出量,达到高效、快速止血的效果。但是,如果直接将胶原蛋白与季铵盐进行静电纺丝成纤维膜,膜的力学性能较差,因此,需要将胶原蛋白、季铵盐与其它材料(如聚己内酯)共纺,以增加静电纺丝纤维膜的拉伸强度,改善其机械性能,且可调控降解时间。
聚己内酯(Polycaprolactone,PCL)是一种由ε-己内酯开环聚合制得的热塑性的可生物降解性的、半结晶性的线性脂肪族聚酯。具有极好的力学性能,其特殊的碳链结构使其具有很好的柔韧性和可加工性,在体内与生物细胞相容性很好,细胞可在其基架上正常生长,并可降解成CO2和H2O,降解产物不易引起炎症。更重要的是PCL是为数不多的获得美国FDA批准可植入人体内的材料,广泛应用于骨折固定材料、手术缝线、医用敷料、药物控释材料和组织工程支架材料等领域。
静电纺丝技术是利用聚合物溶液在电场下的喷射,来制备纳米级超精细纤维的一种新型加工方法。与传统敷料相比,静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维伤口敷料具有较大的比表面积、可调控的孔隙率和较好的延展性等优势。在生物技术领域,纳米纤维膜以无纺布超细纤维的形式存在,纤维直径从几微米到几纳米,其依靠纤维随机排列的特性,能够模仿天然细胞外基质的结构,可以为细胞的粘附,增殖和分化提供理想的微环境,同时为细胞生长提供一个良好的支架。静电纺丝纤维膜的多孔结构使之具有很好的透气性,既有益于细胞呼吸,又可抑制细菌感染伤口,并能促进细胞增殖和加速创面愈合,是一种高科技的功能性创伤敷料,具有良好的发展前景。
本发明选用自制海洋鱼皮胶原蛋白和小分子季铵盐为止血和抗菌抗炎材料,通过静电纺丝技术与聚己内酯共纺制成聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜,系统研究该材料的物理化学性能,并通过兔耳动脉创伤模型及兔肝脏创伤模型评价其止血、抗菌、创伤修复功能。该复合纤维膜有良好的柔韧性和力学性能,能够快速止血,并且能在伤口表面形成一层保护性的纤维毡,促进伤口修复,阻止细菌感染,从而治愈皮肤损伤。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种利用静电纺丝方法制备具有止血、抗菌抗炎、创伤修复功能的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜,该复合纤维膜有良好的柔韧性和力学性能,能够快速止血,并且能在伤口表面形成一层保护性的纤维毡,促进伤口修复,阻止细菌感染,从而治愈皮肤损伤;本发明目的之二在于提供聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备方法。
本发明聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜是通过以下技术方案实现的:
该复合纤维膜为聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜,即PCQ;其中,所用聚己内酯的相对分子质量为8万;所用胶原蛋白来自于自制的海洋鱼皮胶原蛋白,具有天然三股螺旋结构,具有典型的α1、α2、β和γ肽链,属于Ⅰ型胶原;该复合纤维膜所用的季铵盐为N-甲基-N-[5-苯基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基]-N,N-二羟乙基溴化铵,即QAS1,如下:
本发明的制备方法是首先通过调节聚己内酯与胶原蛋白的质量比,评价纺丝纤维的形貌,确定聚己内酯与胶原蛋白的最佳比例;其次,调节聚己内酯与胶原蛋白混合溶液的浓度,根据静电纺丝纤维的形貌确定聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度;最后,在最佳比例和浓度下,调节季铵盐的含量,根据静电纺丝纤维的形貌确定聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的最佳制备工艺,具体制备方法如下:
(1)聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳比例的确定
称取一定质量比例的聚己内酯颗粒和胶原蛋白溶于一定溶剂中,配成一定质量浓度的溶液,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚己内酯/胶原蛋白纤维,根据纤维的形貌和平均直径确定聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳比例。
所述一定质量比例是指聚己内酯和胶原蛋白的质量比90:10、80:20、70:30、60:40、50:50、40:60、30:70、20:80、10:90。
所述一定质量浓度是指聚己内酯和胶原蛋白的溶液浓度为1%~30%之间的浓度。
所述一定溶剂是指六氟异丙醇、乙酸、二氯甲烷、三氟乙酸中的一种。
所述电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数是指电压15KV,流速1mL/h,接收距离12cm。
(2)聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度的确定
利用(1)中聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳比例,调整聚己内酯和胶原蛋白的混合溶液浓度,溶于一定溶剂中,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚己内酯/胶原蛋白纤维,根据纤维的形貌和平均直径确定聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度。
所述最佳比例是指60:40。
所述溶液浓度是指1%~30%之间的浓度。
所述一定溶剂是指六氟异丙醇、乙酸、二氯甲烷、三氟乙酸中的一种。
所述电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数是指电压15KV,流速1mL/h,接收距离12cm。
(3)聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备
根据(1)和(2)的最佳比例和最佳浓度,分别加入不同比例的N-甲基-N-[5-苯基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基]-N,N-二羟乙基溴化铵,溶于一定溶剂中,搅拌溶解,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜。
所述最佳比例和最佳浓度是60:40和6%。
所述一定溶剂是指六氟异丙醇、乙酸、二氯甲烷、三氟乙酸中的一种。
所述电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数是指电压15KV,流速1mL/h,接收距离12cm。
所述不同比例是指1%、2%、3%、5%、10%、20%、30%、40%。
附图说明
图1:Hacat细胞在PCQ静电纺丝纤维膜浸提液中的增值趋势;
图2:各组材料对兔背部皮肤创面愈合情况;
图3:各组材料作用于创面后3、7、14天创面HE染色情况。
具体实施方式
以下给出本发明的具体实施方式,用来对本发明的构成作进一步的说明,但并不认为本发明仅局限于下述的实施方式。
本发明聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备方法如下:
(1)聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳比例的确定
称取一定量的聚己内酯颗粒,溶于六氟异丙醇、乙酸、二氯甲烷或三氟乙酸中,室温下磁力搅拌均匀,待完全溶解后,称取胶原蛋白以一定质量比加入聚己内酯溶液中,继续磁力搅拌溶解,制备质量分数为6%,PCL/COL质量比分别为80:20、60:40、50:50、40:60、20:80的纺丝液,固定纺丝参数为电压15KV,流速1mL/h,接收距离12cm进行纺丝;
采用Image J图像分析软件,随机选取每个样品电镜图片中100根纤维并测量纤维直径,进行统计分析。纺丝液浓度为6%,PCL/COL质量比从80/20到20/80时,PCL/COL复合微纳米纤维的平均直径呈下降趋势,对应纤维平均直径从360±19nm下降到280±21nm。纤维表面变得不光滑,纤维与纤维之间出现粘结情况,直径分布不均匀,而且成丝性开始变差。胶原蛋白含量在40%以内,可以得到表面平整的纤维膜,纤维表面光滑,直径分布比较均一;当质量比为50/50时,纤维出现大量缠结、弯曲,没有被很好的拉伸变形;胶原蛋白含量超过60%时,纤维之间缠结更严重,部分纤维破裂。说明胶原蛋白含量对PCL/COL纺丝液静电纺丝纤维的直径影响比较明显。考虑胶原蛋白的添加量和纺丝效果的影响,确定PCL:COL=60:40是最佳的质量比参数。
(2)聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度的确定
利用确定的PCL/COL为60:40,溶液浓度分别为4%、6%、8%、10%,固定纺丝参数为电压15KV,流速1mL/h,接收距离12cm进行纺丝。每个样品电镜图片随机选取100根纤维,采用Image J图像分析软件测量纤维直径,并统计纤维直径分布。随着纺丝液浓度增大,纤维直径逐渐变大,从250±25nm增大到655±16nm,并且纺丝纤维直径分布变得越来越不均匀,纤维直径范围变大。纺丝液浓度在4%时,纤维形态很差,有很多椭圆形珠粒,且有较大液滴出现;浓度为6%时,纤维形貌较好表面光滑,无珠粒出现,纤维直径整体分布均匀;当纺丝液浓度增加到8%、10%时,纤维形态又开始变差,出现纤维与纤维之间缠结并且粘结情况。由此,确定PCL:COL=60:40时最佳的纺丝液浓度为6%,并得到相应的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白复合膜,即PC64。
(3)聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备
根据上述方法选用PCL、COL的质量分数为6%,PCL:COL=60:40的溶液为载体,然后分别加入1%、2%、3%、5%、10%、20%、30%、40%比例的N-甲基-N-[5-苯基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基]-N,N-二羟乙基溴化铵,搅拌溶解,固定纺丝参数为电压15KV,流速1mL/h,接收距离12cm进行纺丝,得到聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜PCQ1、PCQ2、PCQ3、PCQ5、PCQ10、PCQ20、PCQ30、PCQ40。比较分析复合纤维膜的表面光滑程度、理化性能、纤维均匀程度等因素。扫描电子显微镜观察纺丝膜表面纤维结构,随着季铵盐含量的增加,纤维表面的光滑程度逐渐降低,纤维表面出现颗粒状物体,可能是由于纺丝过程中随着溶剂的挥发,高含量的季铵盐固体颗粒析出附着在纤维表面;并且出现很多细小纤维,这是由于季铵盐的加入增大了纺丝液的导电性,纺丝液滴在电场中受到的电场力增大,对其不断拉伸的结果。季铵盐的加入量在20%以内,所得纺丝膜纤维形貌光滑、均一,质地柔软;超过20%膜的脆性增大,力学性能变差,不适合作为医用止血、敷帖材料。因此,确定最佳的工艺条件是纺丝参数为电压15KV,流速1mL/h,接收距离12cm条件下,PCL、COL的质量分数为6%,PCL:COL=60:40,QAS1的比例为20%以内。
技术效果
本发明的创新之处不仅在于原料的组配及用量,而且在于本发明所述制备方法。
静电纺丝在复合纤维膜作为伤口辅料的优势主要有一下几点:
(1)良好的止血和吸液性:纳米纤维敷料包含大量的微孔和较高的表面积,能够加速止血过程,吸水率也可以达到17.9%~213%,而传统膜敷料的吸水率仅能达到2.3%。
(2)半渗透性:纳米纤维敷料的多孔结构,使其有较高的气体通透性,有益于细胞的呼吸作用。另外,纳米纤维敷料的微小空隙也可以阻止细菌感染伤口。
(3)功能化:静纺纤维膜能够模仿细胞外基质的结构和生物功能,从而促进上皮细胞的增殖和新组织的生成,在伤口愈合的过程中,为细胞提供一个附着、增殖、迁移和分化的环境。
(4)贴合性:织物的贴合性与纤维的细度密切相关,越细的纤维越容易适应复杂轮廓的需要。而通过静电纺丝制得的纤维,直径范围为3.0nm~1.0μm,甚至更细,因此静纺敷料对伤口有更好的覆盖和保护作用。
(5)环保:利用可降解的聚合物溶液或熔体进行静电纺丝制得的敷料,其废弃物易于处理,不仅可以节省大量的棉纱资源,而且可以降低对环境的污染。
此外,复合纤维膜还有一个普通膜不具备的优势,就是可将多层膜的功能,复合在一层膜中,以达到多种效果,本发明的复合纤维膜具有止血、抗菌抗炎、创伤修复功能。
本发明方法制备的复合纤维膜,具有良好的生物医学性能:
(1)本发明的复合纤维膜体外细胞毒性合格
细胞毒性实验参考《G B/T 16886.5-2003,医疗器械生物学评价第5部分:体外细胞毒性试验》,由实验结果(表1)可知,PC64、PCQ1、PCQ2、PCQ3膜细胞相对增值率大于75%,细胞毒性分级为0~1级,材料均符合细胞毒性要求。阳性对照组0.6%苯酚的RGR为40.1%,细胞毒性分级为3级,不合格。
表1PCL/COL/季铵盐纺丝膜Hacat细胞毒性研究
(2)本伤口敷料具有较好的体外细胞增值活力
本发明利用MTT法测定人永生化表皮细胞Hacat在PCQ静电纺复合纤维膜浸提液中的增殖情况。通过考察细胞在不同材料浸提液中1、2、3天的生长来研究细胞的增殖情况(图1)。共培养1、2、3天后,阳性对照组OD值逐渐减小,空白对照组和各实验组的OD值都随培养时间的增加而增大,说明各组均出现了细胞增殖情况,各实验组和空白对照组细胞增值活力无显著性差异(P>0.05)。阳性对照组的OD值随培养时间的增加而减小,各实验组和阳性对照组之间细胞增值活力具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。PC64膜中加入了胶原蛋白促进了细胞生长增值,PCQ系列静电纺丝膜随着季铵盐含量(<3%)的增加,OD值逐渐减小,但3天内细胞相对增值率(RGR)均大于75%,符合细胞毒性要求。
(3)本复合纤维膜溶血性合格
根据《GB/T 16886.4-2003/ISO 10993-4:2002,医疗器械生物学评价第4部分:与血液相互作用试验选择》中的要求,测试了4种静电纺丝膜的溶血性,实验结果显示均无溶血作用。溶血率=(试验组OD-阴性组OD)/(阳性组OD-阴性组OD)×100%。结果评价:阴性组吸光度OD值<0.03,阳性组吸光度OD值为0.8士0.3,实验组溶血率<5%,则材料符合要求。
表2静电纺PCQ纤维膜的溶血率
(4)本复合纤维膜皮内刺激性合格
根据《GB/T 16886.10—2005/ISO 10993-10:2002,医疗器械生物学评价第10部分:刺激与迟发型超敏反应试验》要求,测试了PCQ3纤维膜的皮内刺激性,分别在三个时间点24h、48h、72h观察记录各激发部位的反应情况,按记分系统(表3)对各激发部位的皮内刺激反应进行评分。评分结束计算刺激指数,分别将试验组和对照组出现的红斑和水肿的记分相加,再除以6[1(动物数)×3(观察期)×2(记分类型)],得试验样品和对照品的综合平均计分。两者之差不大于1,则符合实验要求。PCQ3膜实验组总分17,综合平均记分2.83;对照组总分14,综合平均记分2.33;PCQ3膜材料符合皮内刺激毒性要求。
表3PCQ3纺丝膜浸提液新西兰兔皮内刺激记分
(5)本伤口敷料具有较好的抑菌性能
如表4,PCQ1、PCQ2、PCQ3对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌率均超过90%以上,随着季铵盐含量的增加抑菌率逐渐增大,其中,PCQ3膜对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌率分别为99.57%、99.56,达到99%以上,抗菌效果较好。三种膜材料对3种菌的抗菌活性顺序依次是:白色念珠菌>金黄色葡萄球菌>大肠杆菌。
表4PCQ纺丝膜的抑菌率(%)
(6)本复合纤维膜具有较好的止血性能
兔耳动脉创伤模型的主要特点是出血量较大,血流具有一定的压力。一般而言,在实际生活中,对于动脉的创伤,由于出血量大,一般要采取缝扎的方法封闭出血血管,属于用较大的机械外力强力止血,难免会对出血创面造成一定的损伤,还涉及到一些术后的处理,给患者带来二次痛苦,因此本文通过兔耳动脉模型,验证PCQ3复合纤维膜对动脉出血的止血效果。PCQ3复合纤维膜、阳性对照明胶海绵以及阴性对照纱布均能在一定时间内成功对动脉完成止血。大清生物纸接触血液之后很快溶解,不能有效完成止血。
如表5所示,PCQ3膜对兔耳动脉的止血时间为(118±17)s,约是纱布对照组的止血时间(243±62)s的一半,差异极显著(P<0.01),接近市售明胶海绵的止血时间(107±26)s。PCQ3膜组的出血量是(201±54)mg,远远低于纱布对照组(689±138)mg,出血量减少了70.83%,差异极显著(P<0.01),说明PCQ3膜具有明显的止血作用。同时,明胶海绵组出血量(232±93)mg,高于PCQ3膜材料,具有显著差异(P<0.05)。明胶海绵组在止血过程中能够迅速吸收血液而变成红色,整个明胶海绵材料被血液所浸透,吸收的血量也较大,但吸收血液后材料松软易散部分溶解;PCQ3膜接触到出血点时,可以与创面紧密粘附,这可能是由于这种膜材料具有较好的亲水性,遇到血液之后会迅速吸附,最后在膜材料周围形成止血痂,完成止血过程,因此吸收的血量比明胶海绵少。
表5不同止血材料对兔耳动脉、肝脏的止血效果
注:与纱布对照组相比*P<0.01;与明胶海绵对照组相比ΔP<0.05。
肝脏是整个机体中血管最为密布的器官,出血后不宜采取机械性的止血方式,只能选择合适的止血敷料处理创面。几种材料对于兔肝脏的止血效果无论是止血时间还是出血量都比兔耳动脉时的止血效果要好,这是由于动脉损伤模型的出血情况要比肝脏出血情况严重。如表5,PCQ3膜对兔肝脏的止血时间为(103±13)s,相比于纱布对照组止血时间(185±31)s,缩短了44.32%,出血量则减少了50.69%,其差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。与明胶海绵组相比,接近其止血时间,无显著差异。实验结果表明,PCQ3纤维膜均能抑制肝脏出血状态,能缩短肝脏创面流血的时间和出血量。
综上分析,对于自制的PCQ3纤维膜无论在兔耳动脉还是在兔肝脏的创伤模型中,具有较好的止血效果,相关性能稍好于市售医用胶原海绵和大清生物纸。
(7)本复合纤维膜具有较好的促进伤口愈合功能
PCQ3膜作用于新西兰兔背部皮肤创面愈合情况如图2所示。术后换药观察,家兔背部皮肤创面均无感染。术后第1-3d,PCQ3膜组以及无菌敷帖和创可贴组换药时敷料容易揭去,无粘连,创面湿润柔软;纱布组出现与伤口粘连情况,揭去敷料容易牵拉创面,已形成部分痂皮,导致创面出血,延长愈合时间。7d,各组创面表面干燥长平,呈向心性聚缩,创面缩小明显,部分形成较硬的黑色痂皮,肉芽组织增生,创面渗出明显减少,3-7d创面愈合速度较快。14d,创面上皮化,痂皮逐渐脱落,直至创面基本愈合,形成瘢痕组织,创面边缘有毛发再生,证明真皮层已基本恢复其功能。
如图2,各组创伤面积在3、7、14天均明显减小,愈合率逐渐提高。PCQ3膜组在同一时间点创面愈合率优于纱布对照组,术后3d与阳性对照组比无显著性差异,7d两实验组均高于阳性对照组(P<0.05),其中PCQ3组明显高于创可贴组。如表6,术后7d、14d两实验组显著高于纱布对照组(P<0.01),14d时,PCQ3组和PCQC5组创面愈合率分别达(83.49±2.64)%、(79.24±3.82)%,而敷帖和创可贴对照组分别为(73.05±3.69)%、(70.06±4.07)%,纱布对照组仅为(68.89±5.13)%,差异具有统计学意义。说明PCQ3膜具有促进伤口愈合的作用。
表6不同时间点创面愈合率(n=5,%)
注:与纱布对照组相比,*P<0.01;与阳性对照组相比,#P<0.05
如图3所示,分别为不同材料作用于创面后3、7、14天创面HE染色图片。3d时,创伤表面均有大量的渗出组织液,被覆盖的材料吸收,坏死的细胞组织被增生结缔组织包裹,形成肉芽组织。均有大量急性炎症细胞生长,真皮层开始形成,PCQ3组的炎性细胞范围小于其他三个对照组,纱布组炎症反应最严重。7d时,创伤内部开始出现成纤维细胞生长,PCQ3组的成纤维细胞分布较其他三个对照组范围大。均可见淋巴细胞浸润,结缔组织疏松,出现水肿,有纤维蛋白组织生长。7d组细胞组成增多,可见大小不一的新生血管,皮肤愈合效果明显。14d,几组皮肤损伤部位出现大小不等的新生血管,呈椭圆或卵圆形,周围有散在或聚集的淋巴细胞浸润,围绕在新生的毛细血管周围,真皮层生长增厚,表面角化,炎症减轻,皮肤愈合明显。PCQ3组的炎症细胞浸润优于对照组。
综上所述,采用静电纺丝法制备的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐复合纤维膜具有较明显的止血、抗菌、创伤修复的疗效。相比于传统辅料,不仅具有较高的比表面积、高孔隙率、高通透性等特性,且有较好的生物相容性,是一个综合性能良好的复合纤维膜。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实例,并不用于限制本发明。凡在本发明的基础之上的任何改动、修改、替换等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜,其特征在于,选用聚己内酯和胶原蛋白的质量分数为6%的溶液为载体,其中,聚己内酯和胶原蛋白的质量比为60:40,然后分别加入N-甲基-N-[5-苯基-1 ,3 ,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基]-N ,N-二羟乙基溴化铵,搅拌溶解,固定纺丝参数为电压15KV,流速1mL/h ,接收距离12cm进行纺丝,得到聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜,所述N-甲基-N-[5-苯基-1 ,3 ,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基]-N ,N-二羟乙基溴化铵的加入量在20%以内;
所用聚己内酯的相对分子质量为8万;所用胶原蛋白来自于自制的海洋鱼皮胶原蛋白,具有天然三股螺旋结构,具有典型的α1、α2、β和γ肽链,属于Ⅰ型胶原;所用季铵盐为N-甲基-N-[5-苯基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基]-N,N-二羟乙基溴化铵,即QAS1,如下:
。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
首先通过调节聚己内酯与胶原蛋白的质量比,评价纺丝纤维的形貌,确定聚己内酯与胶原蛋白的最佳比例;
其次,调节聚己内酯与胶原蛋白混合溶液的浓度,根据静电纺丝纤维的形貌确定聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度;
最后,在最佳比例和浓度下,调节季铵盐的含量,根据静电纺丝纤维的形貌确定聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的最佳制备工艺。
3.根据权利要求2所述的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,
(1)聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳比例的确定
称取一定质量比例的聚己内酯颗粒和胶原蛋白溶于一定溶剂中,配成一定质量浓度的溶液,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚己内酯/胶原蛋白纤维,根据纤维的形貌和平均直径确定聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳比例;
(2)聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度的确定
利用步骤(1)中聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳比例,调节聚己内酯和胶原蛋白混合溶液浓度,溶于一定溶剂中,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚己内酯/胶原蛋白纤维,根据纤维的形貌和平均直径确定聚己内酯/胶原蛋白的最佳浓度;
(3)聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备
根据步骤(1)和步骤(2)的最佳比例和最佳浓度,加入20%以内的N-甲基-N-[5-苯基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-硫代辛烷基]-N,N-二羟乙基溴化铵,溶于一定溶剂中,搅拌溶解,固定电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数进行纺丝得到聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜。
4.根据权利要求3所述的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,所述一定质量浓度是指聚己内酯和胶原蛋白的溶液浓度为1%~30%之间的浓度。
5.根据权利要求3所述的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所述溶液浓度是指1%~30%之间的浓度。
6.根据权利要求3所述的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)、步骤(2)、步骤(3)中,所述一定溶剂是指六氟异丙醇、乙酸、二氯甲烷、三氟乙酸中的一种。
7.根据权利要求3所述的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)、步骤(2)、步骤(3)中,所述电压、流速、接收距离等纺丝参数是指电压15 KV,流速1 mL/h,接收距离12 cm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜用于制备止血、抗菌、抗炎材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜用于制备创伤修复材料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的聚己内酯/胶原蛋白/季铵盐静电纺丝复合纤维膜用于制备医用器械材料。
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