CN116616113B - Rhododendron simsii symbiotic land cultivation seedling method - Google Patents

Rhododendron simsii symbiotic land cultivation seedling method Download PDF

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CN116616113B
CN116616113B CN202310843417.3A CN202310843417A CN116616113B CN 116616113 B CN116616113 B CN 116616113B CN 202310843417 A CN202310843417 A CN 202310843417A CN 116616113 B CN116616113 B CN 116616113B
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azalea
seeds
fungus
rhododendron
layer
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CN116616113A (en
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马宝宏
解修超
马明元
宁平
刘万里
赵赟鑫
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Shaanxi Sensheng Mushroom Technology Co ltd
Shaanxi University of Technology
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Shaanxi Sensheng Mushroom Technology Co ltd
Shaanxi University of Technology
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a rhododendron symbiotic land cultivation seedling method, which comprises a land leveling step; spreading leaves on the soil surface to form a first fungus leaf layer; a primary soil covering step of paving humus soil on the surface of the first fungus leaf layer to form a first humus soil layer; sequentially spreading germinated bacteria and wood on a bacterial bed on the surface of the first humus soil layer; uniformly scattering the mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germinated bacteria on the surface of the bacterial bed; and (3) sequentially spreading a second humus layer and a second fungus leaf layer for secondary soil covering. The usage amount of the fungal cultivar of Coprinus in the fungus bed preparation step is 500-600g/m 2 . The mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germinating bacteria comprises: 500-600g/m of rhododendron capsule and coprinus fungus cultivar 2 8-10g/m balsam pear powder 2 5-8g/m of tert-butyl hydroquinone 2 . The method realizes symbiotic seedling culture of the azalea seeds and the epipodophylla fungi, and improves the germination rate of the azalea seeds.

Description

Rhododendron simsii symbiotic land cultivation seedling method
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of biotechnology, in particular to a method for cultivating seedlings of azalea and orchid symbiotic land.
Background
The azalea is perennial herb of the genus azalea of the family orchidaceae, pseudobulb egg sphere or nearly sphere, gradually protruding at the top, fibrous root mark at the base, flowering phase 5-6 months, and fruit phase 9-12 months. The wine is cool and environment-friendly and does not resist summer heat. The growth phase needs to keep the matrix moist and properly shade. Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu pleiones is dry pseudobulb of Ericaceae, sweet in taste, slightly pungent, cool in nature, and slightly toxic. Can be used as medicine. Has the effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, resolving phlegm and resolving masses, detumescence and the like, is mainly used for treating carbuncle and furuncle, scrofula and phlegm nodule, tuberculous lymphadenitis, snake and insect bite and the like, and is also used in antitumor drugs.
Although the azalea has very high medicinal value and ornamental value, the natural reserve is very little, and meanwhile, the high-price temptation of the market promotes the unordered and excessive digging of wild resources of the azalea, so that the wild azalea is extremely deficient in resources and endangered and extinct.
The rhododendron is used as orchid plant, the seeds are more, but the embryo development is immature, endosperm is lacking, the seed coat is double-layered, the exocarp is not easy to absorb water, so that the seeds are difficult to pollinate under natural conditions, and the germination rate is low. In addition, the problems of human activities, excavation, natural habitat destruction and the like are solved, and the wild resources are seriously exhausted.
At present, the artificial planting of the azalea mainly depends on the existing tissue culture technology (tissue culture technology), the seeds are required to germinate into protocorms, the protocorms are differentiated into seedlings with buds, leaves and other organs after being proliferated, the seedlings are subjected to rooting way for seedling culture, the conditions required by the germination and emergence of the seeds are required to be accurately controlled in the tissue culture process, the process is complex, the problem of low seed emergence rate exists in the cultivation method, the planting scale is difficult to form, a large amount of wild resources of the azalea are consumed, and the supply shortage of rare traditional Chinese medicinal materials of the azalea is aggravated.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land, which is used for solving the problems mentioned in the background art.
The application provides a rhododendron symbiotic land cultivation seedling method, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a land with good drainage on the mountain, removing impurities on the soil surface and leveling the soil; uniformly spreading leaves on the soil surface to form a first fungus leaf layer; a primary soil covering step of paving humus soil on the surface of the first fungus leaf layer to form a first humus soil layer; spreading germination bacteria on the surface of the first humus layer to form a germination bacteria layer, and spreading wood with the diameter of 3-5cm on the surface of the germination bacteria layer to prepare a bacteria bed; uniformly scattering the mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germinated bacteria on the surface of the bacterial bed to form a seed layer; and a second soil covering step and a field management step of sequentially spreading a second humus layer and a second fungus leaf layer on the surface of the seed layer.
The germinated fungus is Coprinus fungus cultivar, and the dosage of Coprinus fungus cultivar in the fungus bed preparation step is 500-600g/m 2 The azalea seed is obtained from azalea capsules.
The mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germinating bacteria comprises: 500-600g/m of rhododendron capsule and coprinus fungus cultivar 2 8-10g/m balsam pear powder 2 5-8g/m of tert-butyl hydroquinone 2 。
Optionally, the preparation process of the rhododendron seed germination and fungus generation mixture comprises the following steps:
1) Seed collection: cutting the azalea capsules by a knife, taking out the azalea seeds, and soaking the azalea seeds in water for 2-18h to obtain the azalea seeds with the ratio of 1:1-2;
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds to obtain water-soaked azalea seeds, and mixing the balsam pear powder and the tert-butyl hydroquinone with the water-soaked azalea seeds by weight under stirring to obtain treated azalea seeds;
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seed with the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus under stirring to obtain a mixture of the azalea seed and the germinating bacteria.
3. The method for symbiotic cultivation and seedling raising of azalea according to claim 1, wherein the preparation process of the fungal cultivar of the genus coprinus is:
aseptically inoculating the parent strain of the Coprinus fungus into a culture medium of the cultivar, and culturing at a constant temperature of 28 ℃ until hypha grows up to the culture medium of the cultivar, thereby obtaining the culture of the Coprinus fungus.
Optionally, the cultivar medium comprises: 80-85 parts of sawdust, 14-16 parts of bran, 1-2 parts of gypsum, 1-2 parts of bean powder, 0.5-1.2 parts of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate and 0.3-1.0 part of tetramethyl piperidinol.
Optionally, the bean powder comprises powder of semen glycines, semen Phaseoli Radiati, semen Sojae Atricolor, etc., and the fineness of the bean powder is 40-60 mesh.
Optionally, the thickness of the first bacterial leaf layer and the second bacterial leaf layer is 1-3cm.
Optionally, the thickness of the first humus layer and the second humus layer is 1-4cm.
Optionally, in the fungus bed preparation step, the wood is used in an amount of 8-15kg/m 2 。
Optionally, the azalea symbiotic land cultivation seedling method further comprises a field management step, wherein the azalea land cultivation seedling conditions in the field management step are as follows: the soil humidity is 50-55% within 15 days of seed sowing, and the soil humidity is 50-60% after 15 days of seed sowing; the temperature is 20-28 ℃.
Alternatively, the rhododendron capsule is selected from mature but not yet cracked rhododendron capsules obtained by wild or artificial pollination.
The rhododendron symbiotic land cultivation seedling method provided by the application realizes symbiotic germination seedling of rhododendron seeds and coprinus fungi, and has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
(1) Through set gradually first fungus leaf layer, first humus layer, germination fungus layer, fungus material layer, by the seed layer that rhododendron orchid seed and germination fungus mixture formed and second humus layer and second fungus leaf layer from top to bottom when sowing, fungus leaf layer sets up upper and lower two-layer, can improve the volume that germination fungus is colonized in the rhododendron orchid seed, improves the efficiency that germination fungus provided nutrient substance for the rhododendron orchid seed, promotes the germination and the emergence of rhododendron orchid seed. The humus soil is good in air permeability, the humus soil is beneficial to keeping good air circulation in germination and budding processes of the azalea seeds, and nutrient substances can be provided for the germination of the azalea seeds in the later period, so that the germination and budding of the seeds are promoted.
(2) The mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germination bacteria is also added with the balsam pear powder and the tert-butyl hydroquinone, and carboxyl in the balsam pear glycoside can react with hydroxyl in the tert-butyl hydroquinone to generate substances with larger molecular weight and containing six-membered rings, so that the mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germination bacteria can be further supported, the water absorption is carried out, the good air permeability can be maintained, the symbiotic relation between the germination bacteria and the rhododendron seeds can be further enhanced, the transfer of nutrient substances between the germination bacteria and the rhododendron seeds is facilitated, and the germination rate of the rhododendron seeds is further accelerated.
(3) The water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate is added into the culture medium in the preparation process of the coprinus fungus cultivar, so that nitrogen and phosphorus elements can be provided for hypha growth, the tetramethylpiperidinol can improve the water retention of the cultivar culture medium, nitrogen atoms in-NH bonds have electronegativity, the activity is strong, the bonds are easy to form, and the tetramethylpiperidinol reacts with germinating bacteria metabolites and other active substances in the culture medium, so that the germinating bacteria can promote the absorption of nutrients, the hypha vigor is vigorous, the rhododendron seeds or roots can be more easily colonized, and the germination rate of the rhododendron seeds are improved.
(4) According to the method, the rhododendron seeds are cultivated in the simulated natural environment, compared with the method that the tissue culture technology is used for seed germination, bulb proliferation, differentiation, rooting and other steps, the method is complex in operation, the rhododendron is in the natural environment until seedlings emerge when germination begins, the cultivated rhododendron seedlings are high in emergence rate, nutrient substances in germination bacteria and soil are absorbed in the germination and sprouting processes, accumulation of substances exists, the environment resistance capacity is stronger after transplanting, and the rhododendron seedlings survive easily.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without the need for inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for symbiotic cultivation of azalea according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the germination of azalea seeds according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will make it apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, are also within the scope of the present application based on the embodiments herein.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present application provides a method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land, comprising the following steps: selecting a land with good drainage on the mountain, removing impurities on the soil surface and leveling the soil; uniformly spreading leaves on the soil surface to form bacteria She Pusa of a first bacteria leaf layer; a primary soil covering step of paving humus soil on the surface of the first fungus leaf layer to form a first humus soil layer; spreading germination bacteria on the surface of the first humus layer to form a germination bacteria layer, and spreading wood with the diameter of 3-5cm on the surface of the germination bacteria layer to prepare a bacteria bed; uniformly scattering the mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germinated bacteria on the surface of the bacterial bed to form a seed layer; and a second soil covering step and a field management step of sequentially spreading a second humus layer and a second fungus leaf layer on the surface of the seed layer.
The germinated fungus is Coprinus fungus cultivar, and the dosage of Coprinus fungus cultivar in the preparation step of fungus bed is 500-600g ∈m 2 The azalea seed is obtained from azalea capsules.
The mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germinating bacteria comprises: 500-600g/m of rhododendron capsule and coprinus fungus cultivar 2 8-10g/m balsam pear powder 2 5-8g/m of tert-butyl hydroquinone 2 。
Specifically, the wild resources of the azalea are scarce, the azalea seeds are in an elongated spindle shape, no cotyledon and endosperm exist, only grease particles exist in embryo as storage substances, the embryo is small, an air cavity exists between the embryo and the seed coat, the seeds are difficult to germinate under natural conditions, and the seeds are directly sown in soil and difficult to reproduce under the condition of no symbiotic bacteria. If the rhododendron seeds germinate through a tissue culture technology, the operation process is complex and the emergence rate is low, so the application provides a rhododendron symbiotic land cultivation seedling method, the rhododendron seeds and symbiotic bacteria are sowed in soil, and the emergence rate of the rhododendron seeds is improved under a wild-like environment.
The specific operation is as follows:
(1) Land leveling step: as azalea is grown in shade, direct sunlight is avoided, and moist and good air flow is realized, a place with good drainage on the back of the mountain should be selected, and germination of azalea seeds can be inhibited when temperature rise caused by direct sunlight or insolation is avoided. Meanwhile, sundries are removed from the surface of the soil and the soil is shoveled, so that the drainage performance of the planting field is improved, rainwater is prevented from being discharged and not smoothly gathered on the planting field, and seed germination is inhibited.
(2) Bacteria She Pusa step: uniformly scattering a layer of leaves on the flattened soil surface to form a first fungus leaf layer, wherein the leaves are cork oak leaves. The design of the first fungus leaf layer not only can play a role in draining, prevents the rhododendron seeds from soaking in water and prevents the rhododendron seeds from being excessively wet, but also can provide nutrients for symbiotic bacteria, is favorable for growth, propagation and metabolism of the symbiotic bacteria, further enables the symbiotic bacteria to provide nutrients for the rhododendron seeds, and improves germination rate and sprouting rate of the rhododendron seeds.
(3) And (3) primary earthing: the humus soil is adopted for primary soil covering, so that the humus soil is good in air permeability, and the humus soil is beneficial to keeping good air circulation in the germination process of the azalea seeds, so that the germination of the seeds is promoted; meanwhile, the humus soil contains various microorganisms, worms, decayed tree branches, leaves and other substances, and the substances can provide various nutrients in the germination process of the rhododendron, so that the germination of the rhododendron seeds is facilitated.
(4) The preparation step of the fungus bed comprises the following steps: when the rhododendron is sown under natural conditions, germination can be achieved only by dip-dyeing of germination bacteria. Uniformly sowing germination bacteria on the surface of the first humus layer, spreading wood with the diameter of 3-5cm on the surface of the germination bacteria to form a bacterial layer, so that the germination bacteria grow and propagate by taking the first bacterial leaf layer and the wood as nutrients, and further colonizing hyphae in the azalea seeds to form hyphae groups, wherein the hyphae groups are gradually digested in the azalea seeds to provide nutrients for the seeds so as to promote germination and emergence of the azalea seeds. After the mycelium is digested, new mycelium continuously invades and colonizes, nutrition required by germination and sprouting of seeds is provided, and symbiotic bacteria infection can improve the activity of the seeds. Seed budding refers to the successful budding of the first green leaf.
When the selected wood is larger than 5cm, the wood is split along the axial direction for placement, every two wood is contacted with each other as much as possible, branches can be placed between the wood, continuous nutrient substances of germination bacteria are ensured, growth of germination bacteria hyphae is facilitated, and germination and sprouting of azalea seeds are promoted.
(5) Seed sowing: taking seeds in a azalea capsule, uniformly scattering a mixture of the azalea seeds and germination bacteria on the surface of a fungus bed to form a seed layer, combining the fungus bed preparation step, setting two layers of germination bacteria (germination bacteria layer and germination bacteria of the seed layer) when the azalea seeds are sown, and forming a mixture of germination bacteria, wood and the azalea seeds and the germination bacteria from bottom to top, so that the amount of the germination bacteria colonized in the azalea seeds can be increased, the efficiency of providing nutrition substances for the azalea seeds by the germination bacteria is improved, and the germination and sprouting of the azalea seeds are promoted. The rhododendron seeds and the germination bacteria are mixed and sown, so that the contact probability and contact area of the rhododendron seeds and the germination bacteria are improved, the germination bacteria are more easily colonized in the rhododendron seeds, and the germination and sprouting of the rhododendron seeds are further improved. The azalea seed is obtained from azalea capsules.
Wherein the germination bacteria are Coprinus fungus cultivars, and the usage amount of the Coprinus fungus cultivars in the fungus bed preparation step is 500-600g/m 2 500-600g/m of Coprinus fungus cultivar in rhododendron seed and germinating fungus mixture 2 The dosage of the germination bacteria not only ensures the vigorous growth and metabolism of the germination bacteria, but also ensures that the germination bacteria continuously provide abundant nutrient substances for the germination of the azalea seeds. Therefore, excessive germination bacteria can generate waste and even consume the azalea seeds due to excessive growth of the germination bacteria, the germination of the azalea seeds is inhibited, and the malnutrition of the azalea seeds can be caused due to the excessive use of the germination bacteria, so that the germination of the seeds is inhibited.
And the mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germinated bacteria also comprises: balsam pear powder 8-10g/m 2 5-8g/m of tert-butyl hydroquinone 2 . The fructus Momordicae Charantiae powder is rich in proteins, fats, saccharides, cellulose, carotene, vitamins, momordica glycosides, calcium, ferrum, phosphorus, etc. On the one hand, energy can be provided for the growth metabolism of germination bacteria, on the other hand, the balsam pear powder contains the balsam pear glycoside which is a pentazine triterpene, the balsam pear glycoside contains carboxyl, benzene ring, six-membered ring and phenolic hydroxyl, and the carboxyl and the phenolic hydroxyl can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules in soil, so that the mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germination bacteria has certain water absorbability, and meanwhile, the big pi bonds in the benzene ring and the six-membered ring have certain supporting effect, and a small amount of sticky substances can be produced by the germination bacteria in the growth process, so that the air permeability of the mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germination bacteria is reduced, and the mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germination bacteria is kept to a certain air permeability by the addition of the balsam pear powder, so that the germination and the germination of the rhododendron seeds are facilitated.
Meanwhile, the tert-butyl hydroquinone is added, and has oxidation resistance, so that oxidation of germination bacteria and azalea seeds by a small amount of illumination in the germination process of the azalea seeds is avoided, and further the germination rate of the azalea seeds is improved. And the carboxyl in the balsam pear glycoside can react with the hydroxyl in the tert-butyl hydroquinone to generate a substance with larger molecular weight and containing six-membered rings while the balsam pear powder and the tert-butyl hydroquinone respectively play roles, so that the mixture of the azalea seeds and the germinated bacteria can be further supported, the water is absorbed, the good air permeability can be maintained, and the germination rate of the azalea seeds is further accelerated. Simultaneously, carboxyl and hydroxyl are groups with stronger activity, so that the carboxyl and hydroxyl are convenient to combine with active substances in soil, germination bacteria metabolites and azalea seeds, the symbiotic relationship between the germination bacteria and the azalea seeds is further enhanced, the transfer of nutrient substances between the germination bacteria and the azalea seeds is facilitated, and the transfer of nutrient substances between the soil and the azalea seeds can be improved in the later stage, so that the germination and sprouting of the azalea seeds can be accelerated.
(6) And (3) secondary earthing: the second humus layer and the second fungus leaf layer are paved on the surface of the seed layer in sequence, the second humus layer provides nutrients for the azalea, the air permeability of the azalea in the germination process is improved, meanwhile, the second fungus leaf layer can prevent the azalea seeds from being subjected to direct sunlight in the germination process, the nutrients can be provided, and the germination rate of the azalea seeds is further improved.
Meanwhile, the rhododendron seed is cultivated in the simulated natural environment, compared with the process of seed germination, bulb proliferation, differentiation, rooting and other steps through a tissue culture technology, the rhododendron seed cultivation method is complex in operation, the rhododendron seed cultivation method enables rhododendron to be in the natural environment until seedlings emerge when germination begins, the cultivated rhododendron seedlings are high in emergence rate, nutrient substances in germination bacteria and soil are absorbed in the germination and sprouting processes, accumulation of substances exists, the environment resistance capacity is stronger after transplanting, and the rhododendron seedlings survive easily.
According to the scheme, the symbiotic germination and seedling raising of the rhododendron seeds and the coprinus fungi are realized, the first fungus leaf layer, the first humus layer, the germination fungus layer, the fungus material layer, the seed layer consisting of the rhododendron seeds and the germination fungus mixture and the second humus layer and the second fungus leaf layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom during sowing, the upper layer and the lower layer are arranged on the fungus leaf layer, the quantity of germination fungus colonized in the rhododendron seeds can be improved, the efficiency of providing nutrient substances for the rhododendron seeds by the germination fungus is improved, and the germination and sprouting of the rhododendron seeds are promoted. The humus soil is good in air permeability, the humus soil is beneficial to keeping good air circulation in germination and budding processes of the azalea seeds, and nutrient substances can be provided for the germination of the azalea seeds in the later period, so that the germination and budding of the seeds are promoted. Meanwhile, the mixture of the azalea seeds and the germination bacteria also comprises balsam pear powder and tert-butyl hydroquinone, carboxyl in the balsam pear glycoside can react with hydroxyl in the tert-butyl hydroquinone to generate substances with larger molecular weight and containing six-membered rings, so that the mixture of the azalea seeds and the germination bacteria can be further supported, good air permeability can be maintained while water is absorbed, the symbiotic relation between the germination bacteria and the azalea seeds can be further enhanced, the transfer of nutrient substances between the germination bacteria and the azalea seeds is facilitated, and the germination rate of the azalea seeds is further accelerated.
Optionally, the preparation process of the rhododendron seed germination and fungus generation mixture comprises the following steps:
1) Seed collection: cutting the azalea capsules by a knife, taking out the azalea seeds, and soaking the azalea seeds in water for 2-18h to obtain the azalea seeds with the ratio of 1:1-2.
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds to obtain water-soaked azalea seeds, and mixing the balsam pear powder and the tert-butyl hydroquinone with the water-soaked azalea seeds by weight under stirring to obtain the treated azalea seeds.
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seed with the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus under stirring to obtain a mixture of the azalea seed and the germinating bacteria.
Specifically, 1) seed collection: cutting two ends of a capsule of the rhododendron, cutting off the side surfaces, taking out the rhododendron seeds by using forceps, shaking the seeds into water to soak, wherein the rhododendron seeds are poor in water permeability, and soaking to enable the embryo to expand to break through the seed coat, so that mycelia of germination bacteria are convenient to colonize after entering after sowing, mycelia clusters are formed, the mycelia clusters are gradually digested in the rhododendron seeds, and nutrients and water are provided for the rhododendron seeds so as to facilitate germination of the rhododendron seeds. In the soaking process, stirring is carried out every 0.5h, and the stirring is beneficial to the falling of impurities and lignified seed coats on the surfaces of the seeds, so that the nutrition absorption of the embryo is facilitated. The germination process of the rhododendron seeds: the embryo expands to break through the seed coat, then forms protocorm, the top of which differentiates leaf buds, and the basal part takes root to form seedlings.
2) Seed pretreatment: the water-soaked rhododendron seeds were drained until they were placed in the hands without water dripping within one minute. The balsam pear powder and the tert-butyl hydroquinone are stirred with the water-absorbing rhododendron seeds according to the weight, so that the balsam pear powder, the tert-butyl hydroquinone and the rhododendron seeds are uniformly mixed, and the balsam pear powder, the tert-butyl hydroquinone and the rhododendron seeds are uniformly dispersed.
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seed with the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus under stirring to obtain a mixture of the azalea seed and the germinating bacteria. Firstly, the rhododendron seeds are subjected to water absorption, mixed with balsam pear powder and tert-butylhydroquinone, and then mixed with germinating bacteria, so that the germinating bacteria are only required to be stirred and mixed once, and the mechanical damage to hyphae is reduced as much as possible.
Optionally, the preparation process of the fungal cultivar of the genus Coprinus comprises the following steps:
aseptically inoculating the parent strain of the Coprinus fungus into a culture medium of the cultivar, and culturing at a constant temperature of 28 ℃ until hypha grows up to the culture medium of the cultivar, thereby obtaining the culture of the Coprinus fungus.
Optionally, the cultivar medium comprises: 80-85 parts of sawdust, 14-16 parts of bran, 1-2 parts of gypsum, 1-2 parts of bean powder, 0.5-1.2 parts of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate and 0.3-1.0 part of tetramethyl piperidinol.
Specifically, when the germination bacteria grow, the mycelium grows vigorously, which is favorable for improving the efficiency of the mycelium for transferring nutrient substances to the azalea, and further is favorable for germination and budding of the azalea seeds. The mycelium growth needs carbon source, nitrogen source and microelements, and the sawdust, the bran, the gypsum and the bean powder provide cellulose, lignin, pentosan, protein, vitamins, carbohydrate, resin and mineral substances for the mycelium growth, so that the mycelium growth of the germinated bacteria is facilitated. The water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate can provide nitrogen and phosphorus elements for hypha growth, tetramethyl piperidinol can improve the water retention of a culture medium of a cultivated species, nitrogen atoms in an-NH bond have electronegativity, the activity is strong, the bond is easy to form, further the nitrogen atoms react with germinating bacteria metabolites and other active substances in the culture medium, the absorption of the germinating bacteria to nutrient substances is promoted, the activity of the hypha is vigorous, the hypha is more easily colonized on rhododendron seeds or roots, and the seed germination rate and germination rate of the rhododendron are improved. The too small amount of the tetramethyl piperidinol has weaker growth effect on hyphae, and if the amount of the tetramethyl piperidinol is too large, the material waste is caused, and the growth of the hyphae is not further promoted.
Wherein, the culture medium is placed in a cultivation bag, the cultivation bag is selected from a high temperature resistant fungus bag with 15 multiplied by 32cm, and the cultivation bag is inoculated until hypha grows fully, thus obtaining the fungal cultivar of the Coprinus. And before inoculating the parent strain of the fungus of the genus Coprinus, placing the culture medium into a cultivation bag, and sterilizing the cultivation bag filled with the culture medium. The sterilization treatment adopts normal pressure sterilization or high pressure sterilization:
The high-pressure sterilization temperature is 121-124 ℃, the sterilization time is 1.5-2.5h, and the pressure is 0.14-0.15MPa;
the sterilizing temperature at normal pressure is 100-110 ℃ and the sterilizing time is 10-12h. Harmful bacteria in the cultivation bag are eliminated in the sterilization process, so that the growth of the protospecies of the coprinus fungus is facilitated, and the growth of the cultivated species is facilitated. The specification of the cultivation bag is determined by the actual cultivation site, and the specification is not limited in the application. Optionally, the bean powder comprises powder of semen glycines, semen Phaseoli Radiati, semen Sojae Atricolor, etc., and the fineness of the bean powder is 40-60 mesh.
Specifically, the fineness of the bean powder is 40-60 meshes, which is favorable for the absorption of nutrient substances by the hyphae of the germinated bacteria.
Optionally, the thickness of the first bacterial leaf layer and the second bacterial leaf layer is 1-3cm.
Specifically, if the first fungus leaf layer is too thick, moisture in the soil can be isolated excessively, the thickness of the first fungus leaf layer is kept to be 1-3cm, energy can be provided for hypha growth, and the moisture in the soil can pass through the first fungus leaf layer to be absorbed by germination bacteria. The thickness of the second fungus leaf layer is 1-3cm, so that the sun-shading effect is achieved, air can pass through the second fungus leaf layer to circulate in the seed layer, the air permeability of the seed layer is ensured, and the germination rate of the azalea seeds is improved.
Optionally, the thickness of the first humus layer and the second humus layer is 1-4cm.
Specifically, the first humus layer and the second humus layer are good in air permeability, nutrition can be provided for germination of the azalea seeds, and if the humus layer is too thick, the air permeability of the seed layer is poor.
Optionally, in the fungus bed preparation step, the wood is used in an amount of 8-15kg/m 2 。
Optionally, the azalea symbiotic land cultivation seedling method further comprises a field management step, wherein the azalea land cultivation seedling conditions in the field management step are as follows: the soil humidity is 50-55% within 15 days of seed sowing, and the soil humidity is 50-60% after 15 days of seed sowing; the temperature is 20-28 ℃.
Specifically, the humidity of soil is 50-55% within 15 days of seed sowing, and the humidity of the seeds needs to be ensured in a key period of seed germination, so that the absorption of nutrient substances conveyed by mycelia by embryos is facilitated. The soil humidity is 50-60% after 15 days of sowing, and is increased in comparison with 15 days of sowing, the period is from the late germination period to the emergence period of the azalea seeds, and the improvement of the soil humidity is beneficial to accelerating the transmission of nutrient substances and improving the germination rate of the seeds.
Furthermore, a sunshade is erected at the position 2-3m above the planting field of the azalea, the shading degree of the sunshade is more than or equal to 80%, and meanwhile, a water spraying device is arranged at the top of the sunshade and is used for spraying water on the planting field of the azalea, so that the humidity required by germination and emergence of the azalea seeds is kept in a proper range, and the germination and emergence promotion effect of the azalea is realized. Wherein, water jet equipment's quantity sets up according to the area in planting place when actual operation, does not do this in this application.
Alternatively, the rhododendron capsule is selected from mature but not yet cracked rhododendron capsules obtained by wild or artificial pollination.
Specifically, the crafted capsule seeds of the rhododendron are not easy to germinate, and the uncracked capsule seeds are easy to germinate, because the crafted capsule is high in maturity, the lignification degree of seed coats is high, and inner and outer double-layer seed coats exist, so that nutrient absorption of embryos is limited, and the germination rate of the seeds is reduced. Therefore, the rhododendron capsule which is uniform in size and has not been cracked is selected.
The technical scheme of the present application is illustrated in detail by specific examples below.
Example 1
A method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land comprises the following steps:
(1) Land leveling step: a field with good drainage on the mountain is selected, a sunshade can be set up at the position 2-2.5m above the planting field of the azalea, direct sunlight or insolation is avoided, and meanwhile impurities are removed from the surface of the soil and the soil is shoveled.
(2) Bacteria She Pusa step: uniformly scattering a layer of leaves on the flattened soil surface to form a first fungus leaf layer, wherein the leaves are cork oak leaves. The thickness of the first fungus leaf layers is 1-3cm.
(3) And (3) primary earthing: and paving humus soil on the surface of the first fungus leaf layer to form a first humus soil layer, wherein the thickness of the first humus soil layer is 1-4cm.
(4) The preparation step of the fungus bed comprises the following steps: when the rhododendron is sown under natural conditions, germination can be achieved only by dip-dyeing of germination bacteria. Uniformly spreading germination bacteria on the surface of the first humus layer, spreading wood with the diameter of 3-5cm on the surface of the germination bacteria to form a bacteria layer, the germinated strain used in the application is Coprinus fungus of Coprinus of Fragile, and the usage amount of Coprinus fungus cultivar of Coprinus of Fragile in the preparation step of fungus bed is 500g/m 2 . When the fungus material is put, contact as far as possible between every two timber, can also place the branch between timber. The wood consumption is 10kg/m 2 。
Wherein, the preparation process of the fungal cultivar of the coprinus comprises the following steps:
aseptically inoculating the parent strain of the Coprinus fungus into a high temperature resistant fungus bag with the length of 15 multiplied by 32cm, and culturing at the constant temperature of 28 ℃ until mycelia grow on a culture medium to obtain the culture strain of the Coprinus fungus.
The cultivar medium comprises: 80 parts of saw dust, 14 parts of bran, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of bean powder, 0.5 part of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate and 0.3 part of tetramethyl piperidinol.
(5) Seed sowing: taking a seed in mature, but not yet cracked, rhododendron capsule obtained by wild or artificial pollination, and uniformly scattering the mixture of the rhododendron seed and the germinating bacteria on the surface of a bacterial bed to form a seed layer. Seed sowing in a capsule of azalea of about 1m in the present application 2 。
Wherein, the preparation process of the rhododendron seed germination and fungus generation mixture comprises the following steps:
1) Seed collection: the rhododendron capsule is scratched by a knife, the rhododendron seeds are taken out, and soaked in water for 2 hours, and in the soaking process, the rhododendron seeds are stirred for once every 0.5 hour to obtain the water-soaked rhododendron seeds, wherein the ratio of the rhododendron seeds to the water is 1:1-2.
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds until the water-soaked azalea seeds are dropped without water drops within one minute when the water-soaked azalea seeds are placed in hands, and obtaining the water-soaked azalea seeds. And mixing 8g/m2 of balsam pear powder and 5g/m2 of tert-butyl hydroquinone with the water-absorbing azalea seeds under stirring to obtain the treated azalea seeds.
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seed with the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus under stirring to obtain a mixture of the azalea seed and the germinating bacteria. The usage amount of the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus is 500g/m 2 。
(6) And (3) secondary earthing: a second humus layer and a second fungus leaf layer are sequentially paved on the surface of the seed layer, the thickness of the second humus layer is 1-4cm, and the thickness of the second fungus leaf layer is 1-3cm.
(7) And (3) field management: the cultivation and seedling conditions of the azalea land in the field management step are as follows: the soil humidity is 50% within 15 days of seed sowing, and the soil humidity is 50% after 15 days of seed sowing; the temperature was 22 ℃.
Example 2
A method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 1 is that:
(4) The preparation step of the fungus bed comprises the following steps: the preparation method of fungus bed comprises using Coprinus comatus of UmbelliferaeThe usage amount of the fungal cultivar is 520g/m 2 。
(5) Seed sowing:
wherein, the preparation process of the rhododendron seed germination and fungus generation mixture comprises the following steps:
1) Seed collection: the rhododendron capsule is scratched by a knife, the rhododendron seeds are taken out, and soaked in water for 6 hours, and in the soaking process, the rhododendron seeds are stirred for once every 0.5 hour to obtain the water-soaked rhododendron seeds, wherein the ratio of the rhododendron seeds to the water is 1:1-2.
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds until the water-soaked azalea seeds are dropped without water drops within one minute when the water-soaked azalea seeds are placed in hands, and obtaining the water-soaked azalea seeds. And balsam pear powder 8.5g/m 2 5.5g/m of tert-butylhydroquinone 2 Mixing with water absorbing azalea seed under stirring to obtain treated azalea seed.
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seed with the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus under stirring to obtain a mixture of the azalea seed and the germinating bacteria. The usage amount of the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus is 520g/m 2 。
(7) And (3) field management: the cultivation and seedling conditions of the azalea land in the field management step are as follows: the soil humidity is 52% within 15 days of seed sowing, and 55% after 15 days of seed sowing; the temperature was 22 ℃.
Example 3
A method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 1 is that:
(4) The preparation step of the fungus bed comprises the following steps: the amount of the fungal cultivar of Coprinus genus of Uvulariaceae family used in the fungus bed preparation step is 540g/m 2 。
(5) Seed sowing:
wherein, the preparation process of the rhododendron seed germination and fungus generation mixture comprises the following steps:
1) Seed collection: the rhododendron capsule is scratched by a knife, the rhododendron seeds are taken out, and soaked in water for 10 hours, and in the soaking process, the rhododendron seeds are stirred for once every 0.5 hour to obtain the water-soaked rhododendron seeds, wherein the ratio of the rhododendron seeds to the water is 1:1-2.
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds until the water-soaked azalea seeds are dropped without water drops within one minute when the water-soaked azalea seeds are placed in hands, and obtaining the water-soaked azalea seeds. And bitter gourd powder 9g/m 2 6g/m of tert-butylhydroquinone 2 Mixing with water absorbing azalea seed under stirring to obtain treated azalea seed.
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seed with the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus under stirring to obtain a mixture of the azalea seed and the germinating bacteria. The usage amount of the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus is 560g/m 2 。
(7) And (3) field management: the cultivation and seedling conditions of the azalea land in the field management step are as follows: the soil humidity is 55% within 15 days of seed sowing, and 60% after 15 days of seed sowing; the temperature was 25 ℃.
Example 4
A method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 1 is that:
(4) The preparation step of the fungus bed comprises the following steps: the amount of the fungal cultivar of Coprinus genus of Uvulariaceae family used in the fungus bed preparation step is 580g/m 2 。
(5) Seed sowing:
wherein, the preparation process of the rhododendron seed germination and fungus generation mixture comprises the following steps:
1) Seed collection: the rhododendron capsule is scratched by a knife, the rhododendron seeds are taken out and soaked in water for 14 hours, and in the soaking process, the rhododendron seeds are stirred for once every 0.5 hour to obtain the water-soaked rhododendron seeds, wherein the ratio of the rhododendron seeds to the water is 1:1-2.
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds until the water-soaked azalea seeds are dropped without water drops within one minute when the water-soaked azalea seeds are placed in hands, and obtaining the water-soaked azalea seeds. And bitter gourd powder 9.5g/m 2 6.5g/m of tert-butylhydroquinone 2 Mixing with water absorbing azalea seed under stirring to obtain treated azalea seed.
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seed with the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus under stirring to obtain azaleaSeed and germinating bacteria mixture. The usage amount of the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus is 580g/m 2 。
(7) And (3) field management: the cultivation and seedling conditions of the azalea land in the field management step are as follows: the soil humidity is 55% within 15 days of seed sowing, and 60% after 15 days of seed sowing; the temperature was 26 ℃.
Example 5
A method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 1 is that:
(4) The preparation step of the fungus bed comprises the following steps: the amount of the fungal cultivar of Coprinus genus of Uvulariaceae family used in the fungus bed preparation step is 600g/m 2 。
(5) Seed sowing:
wherein, the preparation process of the rhododendron seed germination and fungus generation mixture comprises the following steps:
1) Seed collection: the rhododendron capsule is scratched by a knife, the rhododendron seeds are taken out, and soaked in water for 18 hours, and in the soaking process, the rhododendron seeds are stirred for once every 0.5 hour to obtain the water-soaked rhododendron seeds, wherein the ratio of the rhododendron seeds to the water is 1:1-2.
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds until the water-soaked azalea seeds are dropped without water drops within one minute when the water-soaked azalea seeds are placed in hands, and obtaining the water-soaked azalea seeds. And bitter gourd powder 10g/m 2 Tert-butylhydroquinone 8g/m 2 Mixing with water absorbing azalea seed under stirring to obtain treated azalea seed.
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seed with the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus under stirring to obtain a mixture of the azalea seed and the germinating bacteria. The usage amount of the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus is 600g/m 2 。
(7) And (3) field management: the cultivation and seedling conditions of the azalea land in the field management step are as follows: the soil humidity is 55% within 15 days of seed sowing, and 60% after 15 days of seed sowing; the temperature was 28 ℃.
Example 6
The difference from example 4 is that:
the cultivar medium comprises: 82 parts of saw dust, 15 parts of bran, 1.5 parts of gypsum, 1.5 parts of bean powder, 0.8 part of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate and 0.6 part of tetramethyl piperidinol.
Example 7
The difference from example 4 is that:
the cultivar medium comprises: 85 parts of sawdust, 16 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum, 2 parts of bean powder, 1.2 parts of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate and 1.0 part of tetramethyl piperidinol.
Comparative example 1
A method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 4 is that:
(5) Seed sowing:
wherein, the preparation process of the rhododendron seed germination and fungus generation mixture comprises the following steps:
1) Seed collection: the rhododendron capsule is scratched by a knife, the rhododendron seeds are taken out, and soaked in water for 18 hours, and in the soaking process, the rhododendron seeds are stirred for once every 0.5 hour to obtain the water-soaked rhododendron seeds, wherein the ratio of the rhododendron seeds to the water is 1:1-2.
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds until the water-soaked azalea seeds are dropped without water drops within one minute when the water-soaked azalea seeds are placed in hands, and obtaining the water-soaked azalea seeds. And 7g/m balsam pear powder 2 4g/m of tert-butylhydroquinone 2 Mixing with water absorbing azalea seed under stirring to obtain treated azalea seed.
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seed with the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus under stirring to obtain a mixture of the azalea seed and the germinating bacteria. The usage amount of the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus is 600g/m 2 。
Comparative example 2
A method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 4 is that:
(5) Seed sowing:
wherein, the preparation process of the rhododendron seed germination and fungus generation mixture comprises the following steps:
1) Seed collection: the rhododendron capsule is scratched by a knife, the rhododendron seeds are taken out, and soaked in water for 18 hours, and in the soaking process, the rhododendron seeds are stirred for once every 0.5 hour to obtain the water-soaked rhododendron seeds, wherein the ratio of the rhododendron seeds to the water is 1:1-2.
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds until the water-soaked azalea seeds are dropped without water drops within one minute when the water-soaked azalea seeds are placed in hands, and obtaining the water-soaked azalea seeds. And 12g/m balsam pear powder 2 10g/m of tert-butylhydroquinone 2 Mixing with water absorbing azalea seed under stirring to obtain treated azalea seed.
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seed with the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus under stirring to obtain a mixture of the azalea seed and the germinating bacteria. The usage amount of the cultivated species of the fungus of the genus Coprinus is 600g/m 2 。
(7) And (3) field management: the cultivation and seedling conditions of the azalea land in the field management step are as follows: the soil humidity is 55% within 15 days of seed sowing, and 60% after 15 days of seed sowing; the temperature was 28 ℃.
Comparative example 3
A method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 4 is that:
(5) Seed sowing:
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds until the water-soaked azalea seeds are dropped without water drops within one minute when the water-soaked azalea seeds are placed in hands, and obtaining the water-soaked azalea seeds. And tert-butylhydroquinone 10g/m 2 Mixing with water absorbing azalea seed under stirring to obtain treated azalea seed.
Comparative example 4
A method for cultivating seedlings of azalea in symbiotic land comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 4 is that:
(5) Seed sowing:
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds until the water-soaked azalea seeds are dropped without water drops within one minute when the water-soaked azalea seeds are placed in hands, and obtaining the water-soaked azalea seeds.And 12g/m balsam pear powder 2 Mixing with water absorbing azalea seed under stirring to obtain treated azalea seed.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 4 is that:
the cultivar medium comprises: 85 parts of saw dust, 16 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum, 2 parts of bean powder, 0.3 part of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate and 0.2 part of tetramethyl piperidinol.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 4 is that:
the cultivar medium comprises: 85 parts of sawdust, 16 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum, 2 parts of bean powder, 1.5 parts of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate and 1.2 parts of tetramethyl piperidinol.
Comparative example 7
The difference from example 4 is that:
the cultivar medium comprises: 85 parts of sawdust, 16 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum, 2 parts of bean powder and 0.2 part of tetramethyl piperidinol.
Comparative example 8
The difference from example 4 is that:
the cultivar medium comprises: 85 parts of saw dust, 16 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum, 2 parts of bean powder and 1.5 parts of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate.
Experimental example
In this experimental example, 1m of seeds in a capsule of rhododendron orchid are sown 2 One azalea capsule contains 800-2000 seeds.
The emergence rates of the rhododendron seeds cultivated using the protocols in examples 1 to 7 above were compared with the protocols in comparative examples 1 to 8, giving the results shown in table one.
List one
From Table I, it can be seen that the mixtures of the rhododendron seeds and the germinated bacteria, after the balsam pear powder and the tert-butylhydroquinone are added, are beneficial to improving the emergence rate of the rhododendron. On the one hand, the balsam pear powder can provide energy for the growth metabolism of germination bacteria, on the other hand, the balsam pear glycoside in the balsam pear powder contains carboxyl, benzene ring, six-membered ring and phenolic hydroxyl, and the carboxyl and the phenolic hydroxyl can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules in soil, so that the mixture of the azalea seeds and the germination bacteria has certain water absorbability, and meanwhile, the benzene ring and the big pi bond in the six-membered ring have certain supporting effect, so that the mixture of the azalea seeds and the germination bacteria keeps certain air permeability, and the germination of the azalea seeds is facilitated. The tert-butyl hydroquinone can react with carboxyl in the balsam pear glycoside to generate a substance with larger molecular weight and containing six-membered rings, and the substance act synergistically to further accelerate the germination rate of the azalea seeds. Simultaneously, carboxyl and hydroxyl are groups with stronger activity, so that the carboxyl and hydroxyl are convenient to combine with soil, germination bacteria metabolites and active substances in the azalea seeds, and the symbiotic relationship between the germination bacteria and the azalea seeds is further enhanced, thereby accelerating germination and budding of the azalea seeds.
Comparative examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 and 2 show that the addition amounts of the balsam pear powder and the tertbutylhydroquinone should be kept within a proper range, which has a positive effect on promoting the germination rate of azalea, while the reduction of the amount results in the promotion of the decrease of the germination rate of azalea, but the increase of the addition amounts of the balsam pear powder and the tertbutylhydroquinone to be greater than the proper range, rather reduces the germination rate of azalea.
The comparison examples 6, 7 and 5 to 8 show that the addition of the water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate and the tetramethyl piperidinol can promote the growth of the coprinus comatus fungus cultivar in the family of the crispy handle, because the water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate can provide nitrogen and phosphorus elements for the growth of mycelia, the tetramethyl piperidinol can improve the water retention of a cultivar culture medium, and the nitrogen atom in the-NH bond in the tetramethyl piperidinol has electronegativity, has stronger activity and is easy to form a bond, further reacts with germinating fungus metabolites and other active substances in the culture medium, promotes the absorption of the germinating fungus on the nutrient substances, ensures that the mycelia are vigorous, further is easier to colonize on the seeds or roots of the azalea, and improves the germination rate and the germination rate of the azalea. And the addition amount of the water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate and the tetramethyl piperidinol is not too large or too small, so that hypha of germinated bacteria can grow slowly.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand; the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. The rhododendron symbiotic land cultivation seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting a land with good drainage on the mountain, removing impurities on the soil surface and leveling the soil; uniformly spreading leaves on the soil surface to form a first fungus leaf layer; a primary soil covering step of spreading humus soil on the surface of the first fungus leaf layer to form a first humus soil layer; spreading germination bacteria on the surface of the first humus layer to form a germination bacteria layer, and spreading wood with the diameter of 3-5cm on the surface of the germination bacteria layer to prepare a bacteria bed; uniformly scattering the mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germinated bacteria on the surface of the bacterial bed to form a seed layer; a second soil covering step of sequentially spreading a second humus layer and a second fungus leaf layer on the surface of the seed layer;
The germination bacteria are fungal cultivars of the genus Coprinus, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: aseptically inoculating the parent strain of the epipodophyllum fungus into a culture medium of the cultivar, and culturing at a constant temperature of 28 ℃ until hyphae grow on the culture medium of the cultivar to obtain the epipodophyllum fungus cultivar; the cultivar medium comprises: 80-85 parts of sawdust, 14-16 parts of bran, 1-2 parts of gypsum, 1-2 parts of bean powder, 0.5-1.2 parts of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate and 0.3-1.0 part of tetramethyl piperidinol;
the usage amount of the fungal cultivar of the Coprinus in the fungus bed preparation step is 500-600g/m 2 The azalea seed is taken from an azalea capsule;
the rhododendron seed and germinating bacteria mixture comprises: 500-600g/m of rhododendron capsule and coprinus fungus cultivar 2 8-10g/m balsam pear powder 2 5-8g/m of tert-butyl hydroquinone 2 ；
The preparation process of the mixture of the rhododendron seeds and the germinating bacteria comprises the following steps:
1) Seed collection: the azalea capsules are scratched by a knife, the azalea seeds are taken out, and the azalea seeds are soaked in water for 2-18h to obtain the water-soaked azalea seeds, wherein the ratio of the azalea seeds to the water is 1:1-2;
2) Seed pretreatment: draining the water-soaked azalea seeds to obtain water-soaked azalea seeds, and stirring and mixing the balsam pear powder and the tert-butyl hydroquinone with the water-soaked azalea seeds according to the weight to obtain treated azalea seeds;
3) Mixing seeds with germination bacteria: mixing the treated azalea seeds with the coprinus fungus cultivar under stirring to obtain a mixture of the azalea seeds and germinating bacteria;
the azalea symbiotic land cultivation seedling method further comprises a field management step, wherein the azalea land cultivation seedling conditions in the field management step are as follows: the soil humidity is 50-55% within 15 days of seed sowing, and the soil humidity is 50-60% after 15 days of seed sowing; the temperature is 20-28 ℃.
2. The method for symbiotic cultivation of azalea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bean powder comprises powders of soybean, mung bean, black bean, etc., and the fineness of the bean powder is 40-60 mesh.
3. The method for symbiotic cultivation and seedling raising of azalea according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first bacterial leaf layer and the second bacterial leaf layer is 1 cm to 3cm.
4. The method for symbiotic cultivation and seedling raising of azalea according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first humus layer and the second humus layer is 1-4cm.
5. The method for symbiotic cultivation and seedling raising of azalea as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fungus bed preparation step, the wood is used in an amount of 8-15kg/m 2 。
6. A method of symbiotic cultivation of azalea according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said azalea capsule is selected from mature but not yet cracked azalea capsules obtained by wild or artificial pollination.
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