CN116606286B - 马齿苋中呋喃类生物碱及其提取分离方法 - Google Patents
马齿苋中呋喃类生物碱及其提取分离方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116606286B CN116606286B CN202310386745.5A CN202310386745A CN116606286B CN 116606286 B CN116606286 B CN 116606286B CN 202310386745 A CN202310386745 A CN 202310386745A CN 116606286 B CN116606286 B CN 116606286B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Public Health (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及中药提取、分离领域,尤其涉及从马齿苋中提取、分离和鉴别出的呋喃类生物碱及其提取分离方法。所述的新化合物,分子式为C7H9NO4,命名为2‑(isoxazol‑4‑yl)tetrahydrofuran‑3,4‑diol。还提供上述新化合物的提取分离方法,依次采用醇提取、聚酰胺柱层析、硅胶柱层析、ODS中压柱纯化、液相分离制备。其结构采用1H‑NMR、13C‑NMR及二维核磁波谱解析的方法确定为一种呋喃类生物碱。该化合物具有潜在的抗炎和抗氧化等活性,并提供制备方法,为开发新药和开发新成分提供先导物和理论依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药提取、分离领域,尤其涉及从马齿苋药材中提取、分离和鉴别出的呋喃类生物碱及其提取分离方法。
背景技术
马齿苋(Portulaca oleraceaL.),又名长命菜、马苋菜,为马齿苋科植物。马齿苋耐旱耐涝,且耐光耐阴,分布广泛,资源丰富,作为药食两用的野生植物备受关注,2015版《中华人民共和国药典》中收载马齿苋的干燥地上部分入药,具有清热解毒、凉血止血、止痢等功效,用于热毒血痢、痈肿疔疮、湿疹、丹毒、蛇虫咬伤、便血、痔血、崩漏下血等。
马齿苋现代药理学研究表明,其具有抗炎止痛、抗菌抗病毒、降血压、降血脂、抗氧化、抗癌、松弛骨骼肌和平滑肌、调节免疫功能等作用。研究表明马齿苋众多化学成分为其多样的药理作用提供了物质基础,马齿苋主要化学成分包括黄酮类、香豆素、萜类、甾类、生物碱、氨基酸、各种色素类和矿物质类等。其中生物碱是马齿苋中一类主要的化学成分,目前已报道的生物碱类成分有去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、少量多巴、腺苷、尿嘧啶、腺嘌呤、N,N-二环己基脲、尿囊素、N-反式-阿魏酰基酪胺;还有环二肽生物碱和酰胺类生物碱:马齿苋酰胺A-S。
目前从马齿苋中分离出的化学成分大多数是已知的,且结构新颖性较低,因此,对马齿苋中新化合物的开发和分离是亟待需要的。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供从马齿苋中提取分离的新化合物,经研究发现本发明的新化合物具有抗炎、抗氧化的作用,同时提供一种针对本发明新化合物的简便、快速、环保、纯度高的提取分离方法。
为实现本发明的上述目的,本发明提供新化合物,分子式为C7H9NO4,命名为2-(isoxazol-4-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol。化学结构式为:
。
为实现本发明的上述目的,本发明还提供一种马齿苋中呋喃类生物碱的提取分离方法,具体步骤为:
步骤1、取马齿苋干燥药材,采用醇提取,醇提液滤过,合并滤液直接加热浓缩,放凉至室温,得药液备用;
步骤2、将步骤1中药液蒸干后上硅胶柱,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,减压回收乙酸乙酯至浸膏,得到乙酸乙酯提取物;
步骤3、将步骤2中乙酸乙酯提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用乙醇-水梯度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,乙醇部分蒸干后经硅胶柱层析分离,其中硅胶为200-300目,依次用乙酸乙酯,乙酸乙酯-甲醇及注水的乙酸乙酯-甲醇梯度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色部分合并蒸干后经硅胶柱层析分离,并于室温以上,40℃以下减压浓缩至干;
步骤4、将步骤3中所得物经预处理的ODS柱(Octadecylsilyl,十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶填料)层析分离,用甲醇-水梯度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将各显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得到浓缩物备用;
步骤5、将步骤4中所得浓缩物经预处理羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶层析分离,以甲醇-水等度洗脱,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得浓缩物备用;
步骤6、将步骤5中所得浓缩物通过HPLC(高效液相)分离制备,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水为流动相进行等度洗脱,最终得到本发明所述的化合物。
所述ODS的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24小时,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果。
本发明中所述马齿苋呋喃类生物碱的分离和药理活性研究未被现有论文期刊所报道;本发明提供来源于马齿苋的呋喃类生物碱及一种针对本发明新化合物的提取分离方法,采用醇提取、聚酰胺柱、硅胶柱层析、ODS中压柱及HPLC进行分离纯化与制备,成功提取分离出新的化合物,该方法操作步骤仅为六步,操作方法简便及快速,提取分离过程主要采用醇提取及乙酸乙酯洗脱,工艺方法环保,且经该方法分离得到的化合物纯度较高均大于90%,此外经研究表明以上化合物具有抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用,因此本发明新化合物及其盐和衍生物可以作为其他化合物合成先导物,以及新药开发和药理活性研究的原料,亦可用于制备抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗氧化的药物。
附图说明
图1为本发明呋喃类生物碱的1H-NMR光谱图。
图2为本发明呋喃类生物碱的13C-NMR光谱图。
图3为本发明呋喃类生物碱的DEPT135光谱图。
图4为本发明呋喃类生物碱的1H-1H COSY光谱图。
图5为本发明呋喃类生物碱的HMBC光谱图。
图6为本发明呋喃类生物碱的HSQC光谱图。
图7为本发明呋喃类生物碱的ROESY光谱图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供新化合物,分子式为实现本发明的上述目的,本发明提供新化合物,分子式为C7H9NO4,命名为2-(isoxazol-4-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol。化学结构式为:
。
所述新化合物根据结构命名为2-(isoxazol-4-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol,表1为该新化合物的核磁数据:1H-NMR与13C-NMR在DMSO中。
表1:本发明新化合物的核磁数据
。
本发明化合物结构鉴定参阅图1-7。
2-(isoxazol-4-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol:浅棕色膏体,易溶于水,不溶、微溶于甲醇。点样于硅胶薄层板后,喷稀碘化铋钾试液斑点显橘黄色,提示该化合物为生物碱成分。分子量为171.0536。结合1H-NMR,13C-NMR以及DEPT数据,推测该化合物可能的分子式为C7H9NO4,不饱和度为4。13C-NMR谱和DEPT谱显示7个碳信号,分别1个亚甲基碳(δ:88.37)、3个次甲基碳(δ:86.37;82.81;88.37)、1个季碳(δ:99.47)、2个烯碳(δ:147.42;149.77),2个烯碳处于低场可能与N、O相连。
1H-NMR谱显示1个亚甲基信号为δH3.64(2H,dd,J=2.34、11.64Hz),2个烯氢信号分别为δH8.14 (1H,s),8.32 (1H,s),3个次甲基信号为δH3.94 (1H,m),4.32 (1H,m),6.00(1H,d,J=6.01Hz)。根据HMBC谱相关峰表明,H-7 (δH8.33)与C-10 (δC149.77)相关,H-10(δH8.14)与C-7 (δC147.42)相关,且C-7处于低场,则推测C-7与O相连,C-10与N相连,表明存在一个异恶唑杂环。H-2 (δH6.00)与C-4 (δC83.81)、C-7 (δC147.42)相关,H-4 (δH3.94)与C-2 (δC86.37)相关,H-3 (δH4.32)与C-5 (δC88.37)相关,H-5 (δH3.64)与C-2 (δC84.26)相关。根据1H-1H COSY谱相关峰表明,H-2 (δH6.00)与H-3 (δH4.32)相关,H-4 (δH3.94)与H-5(δH3.62)相关。C-2、C-5处于低场,推测可能与O相连,C-3与C-4与羟基相连,提示存在一个呋喃环。由此,根据以上信息,可确定此新化合物为上述结构。
本发明还提供上述新化合物的提取分离方法,具体步骤为。
步骤1:称取马齿苋干燥药材80kg,采用50%乙醇回流提取,乙醇用量为药材的8~16倍,回流提取两次,每次2h,减压回收乙醇,放凉至室温,得药液备用。
步骤2:将步骤1中所得药液部分蒸干后经硅胶柱层析分离,用乙酸乙酯等度洗脱,其中硅胶为100~200目,40℃以下减压回收乙酸乙酯至浸膏,得到乙酸乙酯提取物。
步骤3:将步骤2中乙酸乙酯提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用乙醇-水(0:100,30:70,50:50,70:30,100:0,v/v)梯度洗脱,50%乙醇部分蒸干后经硅胶柱层析分离,其中硅胶为200~300目,依次用乙酸乙酯,乙酸乙酯-甲醇(5:1、2:1、1:2,v/v)及注水的乙酸乙酯-甲醇梯度洗脱,共得到15个部位(即共得到15个瓶,每瓶400 mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,合并显色的1~3洗脱部位,将合并后的1~3部位经40℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用。
步骤4:将步骤3中所得物再经预处理的ODS中压柱层析分离,其中填料粒度为20~40μm,用甲醇-水(84:16,95:5,97:3,100:0,v/v)梯度洗脱(加压,使流速为1mL/min,温度为室温),得到10个部位(即梯度洗脱得10个瓶,每瓶200mL),经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色的1-5部位保留,50℃以下减压浓缩至干,备用。所述ODS的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24h,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
步骤5:将步骤4中所得浓缩物经预处理的Sephadex LH-20(羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶)层析分离,以甲醇-水等度洗脱,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得浓缩物备用。
步骤6:将步骤5中所得新化合物经HPLC分离制备,以甲醇:0.1%甲酸(95:5)作为流动相,检测波长为210,254nm,分离制备得到本发明新化合物,归一法测定纯度均为90~99%。
本发明新化合物的抗炎作用。
1 主要材料。
1.1 药品和试剂:实验所用新化合物由上述方法制备,纯度均大于97%,精密称取,用DMSO和PBS稀释至下述各剂量组所需溶液。胎牛血清(美国Gibco公司);CCK-8试剂盒(美国Boster公司);DMSO(美国Sigma-Aldrich公司);DMEM高糖培养基、LPS、IL-1β和TNF-α的ELISA试剂盒(索莱宝科技有限公司);青霉素、链霉素(杭州四季青公司);PBS(北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司)。
1.2 细胞株:RAW264.7巨噬细胞(美国ATCC细胞库)。
1.3 分组:分为对照组、LPS组和实验组,各一组。
2 实验方法。
2.1 细胞培养:DMEM高糖培养基,加入l0%的胎牛血清,l%抗菌素(100U/mL青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素),置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养。
2.2 CCK-8试剂法测定细胞活力:上述各组分别取对数生长期的RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种于96孔培养板中,细胞密度为1×104个/mL,每孔100μL,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下培养过夜后,实验组加入不同浓度样品溶液(5μM~100μM)孵育1h后向LPS组和实验组分别加入终浓度为1μg/mL的LPS,另设调零组(含DMSO溶媒的培养液),每组设3个复孔,考察加入药物后对细胞的影响。上述各组细胞培养24h后,在各孔细胞中加入10μL的CCK-8,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下继续孵育4h后,用酶标仪在570nm波长处测定各孔吸光值。
2.3 ELISA法测定炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α:将对数生长期的RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种于96孔培养板中,细胞密度为2×105个/mL,每孔1mL,温度37℃,5%CO2条件下培养过夜,实验组加入不同浓度样品溶液(1μM~20μM)培育1h后,在每孔加入LPS(终浓度为1μg/mL),共孵育3.25h,每组设3个复孔。ELISA法测定来源于马齿苋的新化合物处理后的RAW264.7巨噬细胞分泌的IL-1β和TNF-α的含量。
3 实验结果。
实验结果表明本发明的新化合物对LPS诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖无影响,安全无毒;并可有效抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7所产生过量炎症细胞因子IL-1β和TNF-α,且呈浓度依赖。
细胞相对存活率实验结果如表2所示。
表2:本发明对RAW264.7巨噬细胞相对存活率的影响
。
注:平均数±SD,n=3,*P<0.05与对照组比较(高浓度组有显著性差异)。
ELISA法测定炎症因子IL-1β和TNF-α结果如表3所示。
表3:本发明对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌的IL-1β和TNF-α含量的影响
。
注:*P<0.05与对照组比较,#P<0.05与LPS组比较。
本发明新化合物的抗氧化作用。
1 主要材料。
1.1 药品和试剂:实验所用新化合物由上述方法制备,纯度为90~99%,精密称取,用甲醇稀释至下述各剂量组所需溶液。DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基)(Sigma-Fluka公司);BHA(叔丁基羟茴香醚)(上海祥瑞科技有限公司);甲醇,色谱纯(昌泰兴业有限公司)。
1.2 分组:分为对照组、实验组和空白组,各一组。
2 实验方法。
比色法测定消除DPPH自由基的能力:实验组取1mL DPPH溶液(126.80μM)加入到4mL比色皿中,再加入1mL不同浓度的2-(isoxazol-4-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol(8.32,16.61,33.31,50.02,66.61μM);对照组取1mL甲醇溶液加入到4mL比色皿中,再加入1mL不同浓度的样品溶液;空白组取1mL DPPH溶液加入到4mL比色皿中,再加入1mL甲醇溶液。三组均充分混匀,室温避光静置10min,517nm下测定吸光度值,静置30min后,按同样方法操作。每个样品平均测定三次取平均值,阳性对照为不同浓度的BHA溶液。根据以下公式计算样品对DPPH自由基的清除率,并进一步计算其自由基清除率IC50值。
DPPH清除率(%)=1-(A1-A2)/A0×100%。
其中,A0为空白组的吸光度值;A1为样品组的吸光度值;A2为对照组的吸光度值。
3 实验结果。
实验结果表明本发明新化合物对DPPH自由基均具有清除作用,且随药物浓度增大,清除率也明显升高。本发明新化合物对DPPH自由基IC50值见表4。
表4:本发明的新化合物对DPPH自由基的清除作用
。
综上所述,本发明提供特殊化合物及其提取分离方法,依次采用50%乙醇回流提取、聚酰胺柱层析、硅胶柱层析、ODS中压柱分离纯化,成功的分离得到一种新化合物,该方法简便,快速,环保,且经该方法分离得到的化合物纯度较高,由于所得化合物化学结构独特,从常用中药马齿苋中提取出来,其具有抗炎、抗肿瘤及抗氧化作用,因此本发明特殊化合物及其盐和衍生物可以作为天然产物开发中药新药,具有广阔的前景。
Claims (6)
1.一种从马齿苋药材中分离出的呋喃类生物碱,其特征在于,分子式为:C7H9NO4,命名为2-(isoxazol-4-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol,化学结构式为:
。
2.一种权利要求1所述的马齿苋药材中分离出的呋喃类化合物的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述提取分离方法的具体步骤包括:
步骤1、取马齿苋干燥药材,采用醇提取,醇提液滤过,合并滤液直接加热浓缩,放凉至室温,得药液备用;
步骤2、将步骤1中药液蒸干后上硅胶柱,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,减压回收乙酸乙酯至浸膏,得到乙酸乙酯提取物;
步骤3、将步骤2中乙酸乙酯提取物经聚酰胺柱分离,采用体积比为0:100、30:70、50:50、70:30和100:0的乙醇-水梯度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,乙醇部分蒸干后经硅胶柱层析分离,其中硅胶为200~300目,依次用乙酸乙酯,体积比为5:1,2:1和1:2的乙酸乙酯-甲醇及注水的乙酸乙酯-甲醇梯度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色部分合并蒸干后经硅胶柱层析分离,并于室温以上,40℃以下减压浓缩至干;
步骤4、将步骤3中所得物经预处理的ODS柱层析分离,用体积比为84:16、95:5、97:3和100:0的甲醇-水梯度洗脱,得到若干洗脱部位,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将各显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得到浓缩物备用;
步骤5、将步骤4中所得浓缩物经预处理羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶层析分离,以甲醇-水等度洗脱,经薄层色谱进行检测,显色,将显色的洗脱部位分别减压浓缩至干,得浓缩物备用;
步骤6、将步骤5中所得浓缩物通过HPLC分离制备,以体积比为95:5的甲醇-0.1%甲酸水为流动相进行等度洗脱,最终得到本发明所述的化合物。
3.如权利要求2所述提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中50%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2小时,乙醇用量为药材的10倍。
4.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中所用乙酸乙酯流动相洗脱程序为等度洗脱。
5.如权利要求2所述的提取分离方法,其特征在于,所述ODS与葡聚糖凝胶的预处理过程为甲醇浸泡过24小时,上柱,用甲醇洗至滴入水中无混浊,再以初始流动相平衡。
6.一种权利要求1所述的马齿苋药材中分离出的呋喃类化合物在制备抗炎、抗氧化的药物中的应用。
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