CN116591794A - Liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system - Google Patents
Liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116591794A CN116591794A CN202310416581.6A CN202310416581A CN116591794A CN 116591794 A CN116591794 A CN 116591794A CN 202310416581 A CN202310416581 A CN 202310416581A CN 116591794 A CN116591794 A CN 116591794A
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- carbon dioxide
- liquid carbon
- storage tank
- expander
- energy storage
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 468
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 234
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 234
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and provides a liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system. The liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system comprises a first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, at least one compressor, a second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank and a first expander which are sequentially communicated, wherein an outlet of the first expander is communicated with an inlet of the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank to form a first circulation loop for flowing carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system further comprises a first generator, and an output shaft of the first expander is connected with the first generator to drive the first generator to generate electric energy. According to the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system provided by the invention, the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, so that the energy storage density and the safety can be greatly improved, the energy storage efficiency is improved, the occupied area is reduced, and the technical problem that the energy storage density is low because the carbon dioxide is mainly stored in a gaseous state or a supercritical state in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system.
Background
Currently, energy shortage and environmental pollution are increasingly serious, and the intensive development of renewable energy sources has become an important means for solving the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution. In recent years, wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and the like are rapidly developed, the application of traditional fossil energy sources is reduced to a certain extent, but renewable energy power generation has obvious fluctuation, periodicity, uncertainty and other adverse factors, and large-scale grid connection of the renewable energy power generation has certain challenges. In this context, the development of large-scale efficient energy storage systems has become an important consensus in the academia and society. The current main energy storage technologies include pumped storage, compressed air energy storage, battery energy storage and the like, wherein the pumped storage depends on geographical environment and is difficult to popularize and apply on a large scale; the compressed air energy storage has the disadvantages of low energy storage density, high compression heat loss and the like; the battery has short energy storage life, may cause adverse effects on the environment, and has potential safety hazards. Therefore, the method has great significance in actively developing a novel energy storage technology or upgrading and reforming the existing energy storage system.
Along with the enhancement of environmental awareness, carbon dioxide is active in mass vision again, and a transcritical carbon dioxide refrigerating system taking carbon dioxide as a refrigerating working medium has more application at present, and simultaneously, students propose a carbon dioxide energy storage system, and related researches indicate that the system taking carbon dioxide as the energy storage working medium has the advantages of large energy storage density, small occupied area, low cost and the like.
However, in the prior art, carbon dioxide mainly stores energy in a gaseous state or supercritical state, and has the technical problem of low energy storage density, which affects energy storage efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system, which is used for solving the technical problems of low energy storage density and improved energy storage efficiency in the prior art that carbon dioxide mainly stores energy in a gaseous state or supercritical state.
The invention provides a liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system which comprises a first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, at least one compressor, a second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank and a first expander which are sequentially communicated, wherein an outlet of the first expander is communicated with an inlet of the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank to form a first circulation loop for flowing carbon dioxide, and the system further comprises a first generator, and an output shaft of the first expander is connected with the first generator to drive the first generator to generate electric energy.
In an embodiment of the invention, at least one cooler and at least one carbon dioxide heater are further included; at least one cooler is arranged between the compressor and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank and is used for absorbing compression heat; at least one carbon dioxide heater is disposed between the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank and the first expander.
In an embodiment of the invention, the carbon dioxide heat exchanger further comprises a heat storage tank and a cold storage tank, wherein the cooler is provided with a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel, and the carbon dioxide heater is provided with a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel; the compressor is communicated with the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank through the first heat exchange channel; the second heat exchange channel, the heat storage tank, the third heat exchange channel and the cold storage tank are sequentially communicated to form a second circulation loop for the heat conducting medium to flow; the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is communicated with the first expander through a fourth heat exchange channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the second expander is disposed between the cooler and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, and is configured to reduce the temperature of the carbon dioxide and liquefy the carbon dioxide.
In an embodiment of the invention, the expansion device further comprises a second generator, wherein an output shaft of the second expander is connected with the second generator to drive the second generator to generate electric energy, and the second generator is used for recovering expansion work.
In an embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a gas-liquid separator, wherein the gas-liquid separator is provided with a carbon dioxide inlet, a liquid carbon dioxide outlet and a gaseous carbon dioxide outlet, the outlet of the second expander is communicated with the carbon dioxide inlet, the liquid carbon dioxide outlet is communicated with the inlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, and the gaseous carbon dioxide outlet is communicated with the inlet of the compressor.
In an embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a booster pump, wherein an inlet of the booster pump is communicated with an outlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, and an outlet of the booster pump is communicated with an inlet of the first expander.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the system further comprises at least one third expander, wherein the booster pump, the at least one carbon dioxide heater and the at least one third expander are arranged in series, and the outlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the at least one first expander through the booster pump, the at least one carbon dioxide heater and the at least one third expander.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the compressor, the cooler, the carbon dioxide heater, and the third expander are plural; a cooler is arranged between every two adjacent compressors; a third expander is arranged between every two adjacent carbon dioxide heaters.
In an embodiment of the invention, the cold-storage heat exchanger comprises an evaporation piece and a condensation piece which are connected; the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, the throttle valve and the compressor are communicated in sequence, the evaporation piece is arranged between the throttle valve and the compressor and used for enabling carbon dioxide to absorb heat and evaporate, and the condensation piece is arranged between the first expansion machine and the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank and used for enabling carbon dioxide to be liquefied in a heat release mode.
According to the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system provided by the invention, the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, so that the energy storage density and the safety can be greatly improved, the energy storage efficiency is improved, the occupied area is reduced, and the technical problem that the energy storage density is low because the carbon dioxide is mainly stored in a gaseous state or a supercritical state in the prior art is solved.
In addition, carbon dioxide in the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank flows into the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank after being pressurized by the compressor, and carbon dioxide in the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank flows to the first expander, so that the first expander drives the first generator to rotate so as to drive the first generator to generate electric energy, the electric energy can be converted into heat energy and potential energy, and the carbon dioxide enters the first expander to expand and then pushes the generator to generate electricity, so that the heat energy and the potential energy are converted into electric energy, a power grid is effectively balanced, and the running stability of the power grid is improved.
In some embodiments, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system can utilize low-valley electricity or waste electricity to drive the compressor so as to realize energy storage, and can reduce the system cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank; 2. a compressor; 3. a second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank; 4. a first expander; 5. a first generator; 6. a cooler; 7. a carbon dioxide heater; 8. a heat storage tank; 9. a cold accumulation tank; 10. a second expander; 11. a second generator; 12. a gas-liquid separator; 13. a booster pump; 14. a third expander; 15. a cold-storage heat exchanger; 16. a throttle valve.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present embodiment and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present embodiment.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present embodiment, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In this embodiment, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and include, for example, either permanently connected, removably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present embodiment can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Fig. 1 shows a liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system provided by the invention, and as can be seen from the figure, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system comprises a first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1, at least one compressor 2, a second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 and a first expander 4 which are sequentially communicated, wherein an outlet of the first expander 4 is communicated with an inlet of the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 to form a first circulation loop for flowing carbon dioxide, and the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system further comprises a first generator 5, and an output shaft of the first expander 4 is connected with the first generator 5 to drive the first generator 5 to generate electric energy.
According to the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system provided by the invention, the liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3, so that the energy storage density and the safety can be greatly improved, the energy storage efficiency is improved, the occupied area is reduced, and the technical problem that the energy storage density is low because the carbon dioxide mainly stores energy in a gaseous state or a supercritical state in the prior art is solved.
In addition, carbon dioxide in the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 flows into the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 after being pressurized by the compressor 2, and the carbon dioxide in the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 flows towards the first expander 4, so that the first expander 4 drives the first generator 5 to rotate so as to drive the first generator 5 to generate electric energy, the compressor 2 can convert the electric energy into heat energy and potential energy, and the carbon dioxide enters the first expander 4 to expand and then drives the generator to generate electricity, so that the heat energy and the potential energy are converted into electric energy, a power grid can be effectively balanced, and the running stability of the power grid is improved. And a closed cycle is formed throughout the system.
In the present embodiment, the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 are both used for storing liquid carbon dioxide, and a pressure vessel made of cast iron or steel may be used.
In some embodiments, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the invention can utilize low-valley electricity or waste electricity to drive the compressor 2 so as to realize energy storage, and can reduce the system cost.
According to an embodiment provided by the present invention, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the present invention may further comprise at least one cooler 6 and at least one carbon dioxide heater 7, the at least one cooler 6 being disposed between the compressor 2 and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 for absorbing heat of compression; at least one carbon dioxide heater 7 is arranged between the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 and the first expander 4.
In the implementation, the cooler 6 can absorb compression heat, so that the compression efficiency is improved, and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 can conveniently store carbon dioxide in a liquid form; the carbon dioxide heater 7 can heat the expanded carbon dioxide, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the cooler 6 and the carbon dioxide heater 7 may be in the form of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, a fin heat exchanger, or the like.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the invention can further comprise a heat storage tank 8 and a cold storage tank 9, wherein the cooler 6 is provided with a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel, and the carbon dioxide heater 7 is provided with a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel; the compressor 2 is communicated with a second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 through a first heat exchange channel; the second heat exchange channel, the heat storage tank 8, the third heat exchange channel and the cold storage tank 9 are sequentially communicated to form a second circulation loop for the heat conducting medium to flow; the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 is communicated with the first expander 4 through a fourth heat exchange channel, and the heat conducting medium can adopt water or heat conducting oil.
In the specific implementation, the heat conducting medium is stored in the heat storage tank 8 after entering the coolers 6 at each stage to absorb compression heat, so that the carbon dioxide heater 7 can heat carbon dioxide in the power generation link, and the temperature of the heat storage tank 8 is preferably kept between 135 ℃ and 150 ℃; the heat-conducting medium heats carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide heater 7 and flows into the cold accumulation tank 9 for storage, the cold accumulation tank 9 is used for energy storage in an energy release link, and the temperature of the cold accumulation tank 9 is preferably kept between minus 5 ℃ and 5 ℃.
In some embodiments, the outer surfaces of the thermal storage tank 8 and the cold storage tank 9 may be provided with a thermal insulation layer, and the thermal insulation layer may be made of a thermal insulation material, so as to improve the thermal storage effect of the thermal storage tank 8 and the thermal storage effect of the cold storage tank 9.
In some embodiments, a circulation pump may be further disposed on the second circulation loop, so as to facilitate the flow of the heat-conducting medium in the second circulation loop.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the present invention may further include a second expander 10, and the second expander 10 may be a liquid expander (or may be called a liquid expander), and is disposed between the cooler 6 and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3, for reducing the temperature of carbon dioxide and liquefying the carbon dioxide.
In particular, the second expander 10 can decompress and liquefy carbon dioxide, facilitating storage of the carbon dioxide in liquid form.
In some embodiments, the second expander 10 may be replaced by a throttle valve 16 for the purpose of depressurizing liquefaction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the present invention may further include a second generator 11, and an output shaft of the second expander 10 is connected to the second generator 11 to drive the second generator 11 to generate electric energy, where the second generator 11 is used for recovering expansion work.
In specific implementation, the recovered expansion work can be used for driving the compressor 2 at the energy storage side, and can be coupled with other systems to improve the overall performance of the system.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the invention can further comprise a gas-liquid separator 12, wherein the gas-liquid separator is provided with a carbon dioxide inlet, a liquid carbon dioxide outlet and a gaseous carbon dioxide outlet, the outlet of the second expander 10 is communicated with the carbon dioxide inlet, the liquid carbon dioxide outlet is communicated with the inlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3, and the gaseous carbon dioxide outlet is communicated with the inlet of the compressor 2.
In practice, the gas-liquid separator 12 can separate carbon dioxide at the outlet of the second expander 10, the gaseous part returns to the compressor 2 for further compression, and the liquid part enters the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 (or referred to as a high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide storage tank) for storage.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the invention can further comprise a booster pump 13, wherein the inlet of the booster pump 13 is communicated with the outlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3, and the outlet of the booster pump 13 is communicated with the inlet of the first expander 4.
In particular, the booster pump 13 can increase the pressure of the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3, and increase the work-doing capability of the first expander 4.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the invention can further comprise at least one third expander 14, wherein the booster pump 13, the at least one carbon dioxide heater 7 and the at least one third expander 14 are arranged in series, and the outlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 is communicated with the inlet of the at least one first expander 4 through the booster pump 13, the at least one carbon dioxide heater 7 and the at least one third expander 14.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the number of compressors 2, the number of coolers 6, the number of carbon dioxide heaters 7 and the number of third expanders 14 are plural, and one cooler 6 is arranged between every two adjacent compressors 2; a third expander 14 is arranged between every two adjacent carbon dioxide heaters 7. That is, the compressor 2 and the cooler 6 may be alternately arranged in the flow direction of the carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide heater 7 and the third expander 14 may be alternately arranged in the flow direction of the carbon dioxide.
In practice, carbon dioxide may undergo multi-stage compression, multi-stage cooling, multi-stage heating, and multi-stage expansion.
In some embodiments, the compressor 2 and the third expander 14 are not limited to three stages, but may be provided in more stages, and accordingly, the cooler 6 and the carbon dioxide heater 7 may be provided in corresponding stages.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the invention can further comprise a cold storage heat exchanger 15 and a throttle valve 16, wherein the cold storage heat exchanger 15 comprises an evaporation piece and a condensation piece which are connected; the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 (or called low-pressure liquid carbon dioxide storage tank), the throttle valve 16 and the compressor 2 are communicated in sequence, an evaporation piece is arranged between the throttle valve 16 and the compressor 2 and used for enabling carbon dioxide to absorb heat and evaporate, and a condensation piece is arranged between the first expander 4 and the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 and used for enabling carbon dioxide to release heat and liquefy.
In specific implementation, the cold-storage heat exchanger 15 is used for respectively carrying out phase change heat exchange on working media in two carbon dioxide pipelines and a cold-storage medium, liquid carbon dioxide in the low-pressure liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is heated and gasified in the cold-storage heat exchanger 15 (evaporation piece), enters a compressor unit to undergo multistage compression and interstage cooling, and gaseous carbon dioxide after expansion power generation is cooled and liquefied in the cold-storage heat exchanger 15 (condensation piece) and enters the low-pressure liquid carbon dioxide storage tank for storage; the throttle valve 16 is used to control the release of carbon dioxide from the low pressure liquid carbon dioxide storage tank.
In some embodiments, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of the present invention may include an energy storage unit, a power generation unit, a cold and heat storage unit, and a carbon dioxide storage unit.
An energy storage unit: the carbon dioxide stored in the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 is depressurized through the throttle valve 16 and then enters the cold storage heat exchanger 15 to absorb heat and vaporize. The outlet of the cold accumulation heat exchanger 15 is connected with the inlet of a compressor 2 through a pipeline, the outlet of the compressor 2 is connected with the inlet of a cooler 6, the outlet of the cooler 6 is connected with the inlet of another compressor 2, the outlet of the compressor 2 is connected with the inlet of another cooler 6, and the outlet of the cooler 6 is connected with the inlet of a second expander 10. The carbon dioxide is compressed into a supercritical state by passing through each stage of compressors 2 in turn, and the heat of compression is recovered by each stage of coolers 6 and stored in a heat storage tank 8. The compressed carbon dioxide enters the second expander 10, and enters the gas-liquid separator 12 after being cooled and liquefied, wherein the liquid carbon dioxide enters the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 for storage, the gaseous carbon dioxide returns to the compressor 2 through a pipeline and is compressed for a new round, the second expander 10 is simultaneously connected with the second generator 11, so that the recovery of expansion work is realized, and the expansion work can be used for driving the compressor 2 at the energy storage side and can be coupled with other systems, so that the overall performance of the system is improved. The compressor 2 may be driven by off-peak electricity or waste electricity, converting electrical energy into potential energy and thermal energy for storage.
And a power generation unit: the outlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 is connected with the inlet of the booster pump 13, the outlet of the booster pump 13 is connected with the inlet of the carbon dioxide heater 7, the outlet of the carbon dioxide heater 7 is connected with the inlet of the third expander 14, the outlet of the third expander 14 is connected with the inlet of the other carbon dioxide heater 7, the outlet of the carbon dioxide heater 7 is connected with the inlet of the other third expander 14, the outlet of the third expander 14 is connected with the inlet of the carbon dioxide heater 7, the outlet of the carbon dioxide heater 7 is connected with the inlet of the first expander 4, and the output shaft of the first expander 4 is connected with the first generator 5. The high-pressure carbon dioxide sequentially passes through each stage of third expansion machine 14, mechanical work is output outwards through the first expansion machine 4 to drive the first generator 5 to generate electricity, the first generator is heated by the carbon dioxide heater 7 during the generation of the high-pressure carbon dioxide, the functional force is improved, and the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet of the first expansion machine 4 is cooled to be liquid through the cold storage heat exchanger 15 and then enters the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 for storage. The power generation unit generates power by expanding carbon dioxide during the power utilization peak period, and can convert potential energy and heat energy into electric energy.
And a cold and heat accumulation unit: in the energy storage state, the low-pressure carbon dioxide at the outlet of the throttle valve 16 enters the cold storage heat exchanger 15 to release cold energy, and the cold energy is stored in the cold storage heat exchanger 15 after being evaporated and vaporized and enters the compressor 2. The heat-conducting medium in the cold accumulation tank 9 sequentially enters the three-stage cooler 6 to recycle compression heat and cool the carbon dioxide working medium. The heat-conducting medium (heat) after absorbing the heat flows into the heat storage tank 8 to be stored. In the power generation state, the heat conducting medium in the heat storage tank 8 sequentially enters the three-stage carbon dioxide heater 7 to heat the carbon dioxide working medium, and the heat conducting medium after releasing heat enters the cold storage tank 9 to be stored. The carbon dioxide at the outlet of the first expander 4 enters the regenerator 15, and is liquefied by absorbing the cold energy and stored.
A carbon dioxide storage unit: the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 1 and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 3 are respectively adopted on the energy storage side and the energy release side to store carbon dioxide, and the storage state is stable by corresponding heat preservation measures.
In summary, the liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the novel liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation technology is innovatively provided, solves the problem of large-scale long-term energy storage, can effectively balance a power grid, reduces the fluctuation of new energy power generation, and realizes stable power supply.
2. The invention uses carbon dioxide as the energy storage working medium, and has good environmental protection performance. The carbon dioxide working medium and the cold and heat storage medium (heat conducting medium) realize self circulation in the system, and the system is simple and compact and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
3. The system has the advantages of high energy storage density, stable operation, compact system, lower cost and the like, particularly realizes low-pressure and high-pressure liquid storage of an energy storage side and an energy release side, further improves the energy storage density, and improves the energy storage and energy release efficiency through multistage compression and expansion.
In this embodiment, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact through an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "manner," "particular modes," or "some modes," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or mode is included in at least one embodiment or mode of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or manner. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or ways. Furthermore, various embodiments or modes and features of various embodiments or modes described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without mutual conflict.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system, its characterized in that, including first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (1), at least one compressor (2), second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (3) and first expander (4) that communicate in proper order, the export intercommunication of first expander (4) the entry of first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (1) to form the first circulation circuit that supplies the carbon dioxide to flow, still include first generator (5), the output shaft of first expander (4) first generator (5) is in order to drive first generator (5) produce the electric energy.
2. The liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of claim 1, further comprising at least one cooler (6) and at least one carbon dioxide heater (7);
at least one of said coolers (6) is arranged between said compressor (2) and said second liquid carbon dioxide tank (3) for absorbing heat of compression;
at least one carbon dioxide heater (7) is arranged between the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (3) and the first expander (4).
3. The liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system according to claim 2, further comprising a heat storage tank (8) and a cold storage tank (9), the cooler (6) having a first heat exchange channel and a second heat exchange channel, the carbon dioxide heater (7) having a third heat exchange channel and a fourth heat exchange channel;
the compressor (2) is communicated with the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (3) through the first heat exchange channel;
the second heat exchange channel, the heat storage tank (8), the third heat exchange channel and the cold storage tank (9) are sequentially communicated to form a second circulation loop for the heat conduction medium to flow;
the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (3) is communicated with the first expander (4) through the fourth heat exchange channel.
4. The liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system according to claim 2, further comprising a second expander (10) disposed between the cooler (6) and the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (3) for reducing the temperature of the carbon dioxide to liquefy the carbon dioxide.
5. The liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system according to claim 4, further comprising a second generator (11), wherein an output shaft of the second expander (10) is connected to the second generator (11) to drive the second generator (11) to generate electric energy, and the second generator (11) is used for recovering expansion work.
6. The liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system according to claim 4, further comprising a gas-liquid separator (12) having a carbon dioxide inlet, a liquid carbon dioxide outlet and a gaseous carbon dioxide outlet, the outlet of the second expander (10) being in communication with the carbon dioxide inlet, the liquid carbon dioxide outlet being in communication with the inlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (3), the gaseous carbon dioxide outlet being in communication with the inlet of the compressor (2).
7. The liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system according to claim 2, further comprising a booster pump (13), wherein an inlet of the booster pump (13) is communicated with an outlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (3), and an outlet of the booster pump (13) is communicated with an inlet of the first expander (4).
8. The liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system according to claim 7, further comprising at least one third expander (14), a booster pump (13), at least one of the carbon dioxide heaters (7) and at least one of the third expanders (14) being arranged in series, an outlet of the second liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (3) being in communication with an inlet of at least one of the first expanders (4) through the booster pump (13), at least one of the carbon dioxide heaters (7) and at least one of the third expanders (14).
9. The liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system of claim 8, wherein the compressor (2), the cooler (6), the carbon dioxide heater (7) and the third expander (14) are plural;
one cooler (6) is arranged between every two adjacent compressors (2);
and one third expander (14) is arranged between every two adjacent carbon dioxide heaters (7).
10. The liquid carbon dioxide energy storage power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a cold storage heat exchanger (15) and a throttle valve (16), the cold storage heat exchanger (15) comprising an evaporator and a condenser connected;
the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (1), the throttle valve (16) and the compressor (2) are sequentially communicated, the evaporation piece is arranged between the throttle valve (16) and the compressor (2) and used for enabling carbon dioxide to absorb heat and evaporate, and the condensation piece is arranged between the first expansion machine (4) and the first liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (1) and used for enabling carbon dioxide to release heat and liquefy.
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