CN115111804B - Combined cooling heating and power system - Google Patents
Combined cooling heating and power system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115111804B CN115111804B CN202110292682.8A CN202110292682A CN115111804B CN 115111804 B CN115111804 B CN 115111804B CN 202110292682 A CN202110292682 A CN 202110292682A CN 115111804 B CN115111804 B CN 115111804B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 241000353097 Molva molva Species 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 83
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 75
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/19—Pumping down refrigerant from one part of the cycle to another part of the cycle, e.g. when the cycle is changed from cooling to heating, or before a defrost cycle is started
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a combined cooling heating and power system, which comprises: the heat storage device is connected with the kalina circulation subsystem through the heat storage heat exchanger, and the heat storage medium in the heat storage device is subjected to heat exchange with the working medium in the kalina circulation subsystem through the heat storage medium so as to heat the working medium in the kalina circulation subsystem through the heat storage medium. The combined cooling heating power system can recycle the waste heat in the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem, and improves the efficiency, the system power generation capacity, the energy storage density, the safety and the economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly relates to a combined cooling heating and power system.
Background
Renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic have instability and intermittence, the generated power is difficult to adjust to be matched with the electric load, and a thermal power plant also has peak regulation requirements. Energy storage systems are commonly used to consume renewable energy or peak shaving thermal power plants.
In the related art, an energy storage power generation circulation system is adopted to solve the problems of wind abandonment and light abandonment in photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation and peak valley cutting and filling of peak valley electricity, an energy storage power generation circulation system is provided in the related art, and can realize electric-thermal conversion circulation and thermal-electric conversion circulation, but the scheme in the related art causes irreversible discharge (energy release) and charging (energy storage) processes due to various loss factors of the system, so that the entropy of the system is increased and the generation of redundant heat is caused, and the redundant heat is discharged out of the system as waste heat, so that the circulation efficiency of the system is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made based on the findings and knowledge of the inventors regarding the following facts and problems:
in the energy storage power generation circulation system in the related art, the irreversible discharging (energy release) and charging (energy storage) processes caused by various loss factors of the system lead to the increase of system entropy and the generation of redundant heat, and the redundant heat is discharged out of the system as waste heat, so that the circulation efficiency of the system is reduced.
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.
To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a cogeneration system including: the heat storage device comprises an energy storage power generation circulation subsystem, a kalina circulation subsystem and a heat storage subsystem, wherein the heat storage subsystem comprises a waste heat exchanger, a heat storage device and a heat storage heat exchanger, the heat storage device is connected with the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem through the waste heat exchanger, a working medium in the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem exchanges heat with a heat storage medium in the heat storage device to heat the heat storage medium through the waste heat of the working medium in the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem, the heat storage device is connected with the kalina circulation subsystem through the heat storage heat exchanger, and the heat storage medium in the heat storage device exchanges heat with the working medium in the kalina circulation subsystem to heat the working medium in the kalina circulation subsystem through the heat storage medium.
According to the combined cooling heating and power system provided by the embodiment of the invention, intermittent medium-low temperature waste heat in the power generation cycle of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem can be stored in the heat storage device of the heat storage subsystem, so that the continuously running kalina cycle subsystem can utilize the medium-low temperature waste heat in the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem, waste heat utilization in the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem is realized, and the system efficiency, the system power generation capacity, the energy storage density, the safety and the economical efficiency are improved.
In some embodiments, the thermal storage device comprises a thermal storage tank.
In some embodiments, a heat storage tank water pump is disposed between the heat storage tank and the second path of the waste heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, a water pump is disposed between the thermal storage water tank and the first path of the thermal storage heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem comprises: the heat storage device, the cold storage device, the driving mechanism, the compressor, the first reversing valve, the heat storage heat exchanger, the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger, the turbine, the first generator, the second reversing valve and the Leng Huanre storage device,
the driving mechanism is in power coupling connection with the compressor, and the turbine is in power coupling connection with the first generator: the air outlet end of the compressor, the first path of the heat storage heat exchanger, the air inlet end of the turbine and the first path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger are respectively connected with four valve ports of the first reversing valve, the first path of the heat storage heat exchanger is connected with the first path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger,
wherein the air outlet end of the turbine, the first path of the Leng Huanre storage device, the air inlet end of the compressor and the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger are respectively connected with four valve ports of the second reversing valve, the first path of the Leng Huanre storage device is connected with the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger,
Wherein the heat storage device is connected with the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger, the cold storage device is connected with the second path of the Leng Huanre accumulator,
the first path of the waste heat exchanger is connected between the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger and the first path of the storage Leng Huanre device, a first valve connected with the waste heat exchanger in parallel is arranged between the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger and the first path of the storage Leng Huanre device, a second valve is arranged between the junction of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger and the first valve and the waste heat exchanger, and a third valve is arranged between the junction of the storage Leng Huanre device and the first valve and the waste heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the kalina cycle subsystem includes a separator, a high pressure turbine, a low pressure turbine, a generator No. two, a regenerator, an absorber, a condenser, a heat-supplying heat exchanger, and/or a cold-supplying heat exchanger,
the output end of the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger is connected with the input end of the separator.
Wherein the steam outlet of the separator is connected with the air inlet end of the high-pressure turbine, the liquid outlet of the separator is connected with the input end of the first path of the heat regenerator,
Wherein the air outlet end of the high-pressure turbine is connected with the air inlet end of the low-pressure turbine and/or the input end of the first path of the heat supply heat exchanger, the air outlet end of the low-pressure turbine is connected with the input end of the first path of the cold supply heat exchanger, the second path of the heat supply heat exchanger is suitable for being connected with a heat supply loop of a heat user, the second path of the cold supply heat exchanger is suitable for being connected with a cold supply loop of a cold user,
wherein the output end of the first path of the heat regenerator, the output end of the first path of the heat supply heat exchanger and the output end of the first path of the cold supply heat exchanger are all connected with the input end of the first path of the absorber, the output end of the first path of the absorber is connected with the input end of the first path of the condenser,
wherein the output end of the first path of the condenser is connected with the input end of the second path of the absorber, the output end of the second path of the absorber is connected with the input end of the second path of the heat regenerator, the output end of the second path of the heat regenerator is connected with the input end of the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger,
the second path of the condenser is connected with the cooling device, and the high-pressure turbine and the low-pressure turbine are connected with the power of the second generator in a coupling way and synchronously rotate.
In some embodiments, the cooling device is an air cooling tower, and a fourth valve is disposed between the second path of the condenser and the air cooling tower.
In some embodiments, a working fluid pump is disposed between the output end of the first path of the condenser and the input end of the second path of the absorber.
In some embodiments, a throttle valve is disposed between the output end of the first path of the regenerator and the input end of the first path of the absorber.
In some embodiments, a seventh valve and an eighth valve are respectively disposed between the heating circuit of the hot user and two ends of the second path of the heating heat exchanger, and a fifth valve and a sixth valve are respectively disposed between the cooling circuit of the cold user and two ends of the second path of the cooling heat exchanger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combined cooling, heating and power system in an energy storage stage according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combined cooling, heating and power system in a power generation stage according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: 100. an energy storage power generation circulation subsystem; 200. a thermal storage subsystem; 300. a kalina circulation subsystem; 1. a motor; 2. a compressor; 3. a first reversing valve; 4. a heat storage heat exchanger; 5. an intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger; 6. a turbine; 7. a first generator; 8. a second reversing valve; 9. a store Leng Huanre; 10. a salt melting tank; 11. a molten salt oblique temperature layer; 12. a molten salt lower distributor; 13. a low temperature molten salt pump; 14. a molten salt upper distributor; 15. a high temperature molten salt pump; 16. an antifreeze liquid tank; 17. an antifreeze fluid inclined temperature layer; 18. an antifreezing solution upper distributor; 19. an antifreeze liquid pump; 20. an antifreeze lower distributor; 21. a low temperature antifreeze liquid pump; 22. a first valve; 23. a second valve; 24. a third valve; 25. a waste heat exchanger; 26. a heat storage device; 27. a heat storage water tank water pump; 28. a heat storage heat exchanger; 29. a water pump; 30. a separator; 31. a high pressure turbine; 32. a low pressure turbine; 33. a second generator; 34. a heat supply heat exchanger; 35. a hot user; 36. a cold supply heat exchanger; 37. a cold user; 38. an absorber; 39. a condenser; 40. a working medium pump; 41. a regenerator; 42. a throttle valve; 43. an air cooling tower; 44. a fourth valve; 45. a fifth valve; 46. a sixth valve; 47. a seventh valve; 48. and an eighth valve.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
A cogeneration system according to an embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1-2.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cogeneration system according to an embodiment of the invention includes: the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100, the kalina cycle subsystem 300, and the thermal storage subsystem 200.
The thermal storage subsystem 200 includes a waste heat exchanger 25, a thermal storage device 26, and a thermal storage heat exchanger 28. The heat storage device 26 is connected with the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 through the waste heat exchanger 25, and the working medium in the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 exchanges heat with the heat storage medium in the heat storage device through the waste heat exchanger 25, so that the heat storage medium is heated through the waste heat of the working medium in the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100. The heat storage device is connected with the kalina cycle subsystem 300 through the heat storage heat exchanger 28, and a heat storage medium in the heat storage device exchanges heat with working media in the kalina cycle subsystem 300 through the heat storage heat exchanger 28, so that the working media in the kalina cycle subsystem 300 are heated through the heat storage medium.
According to the combined cooling, heating and power system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the heat storage subsystem 200 and the kalina cycle subsystem 300 are arranged, so that intermittent medium-low temperature waste heat in the power generation cycle of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100 is stored in a heat storage device in the heat storage subsystem 200, and the continuously running kalina cycle subsystem 300 can utilize the medium-low temperature waste heat in the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100, so that the system efficiency, the system power generation capacity, the energy storage density, the safety and the economy are improved.
In other words, the heat storage subsystem 200 absorbs and stores the waste heat of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100, and uses the waste heat for the kalina circulation subsystem 300, so that the waste heat of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 in the circulation process is efficiently recycled.
According to the waste heat utilization design of the combined cooling heating and power system, the following three effects can be achieved: firstly, the waste heat of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 is discharged, and the waste heat is the surplus heat caused by irreversible loss of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100, so that the heat pump power storage circulation is closed, the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 is restored to a design point, and the operation stability and safety of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 are maintained; secondly, the reversibility of the power generation cycle and the energy storage cycle of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100 is improved, and the cycle efficiency of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100 and the total energy conversion efficiency of the system are obviously improved; thirdly, the waste heat utilization of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 is realized, a heat medium serving as a heat source is stored for the kalina circulation subsystem 300 and is used for driving the kalina circulation subsystem 300 to generate power and supply heat/cool, so that the efficiency and the economy of the whole combined cooling heating and power system are improved.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the thermal storage device 26 is a thermal storage tank. A heat storage water tank water pump 27 is arranged between the heat storage water tank and the second path of the waste heat exchanger 25, and a water pump 29 is arranged between the heat storage water tank and the first path of the heat storage heat exchanger 28. In other embodiments, other mediums may be employed as the thermal storage medium within the thermal storage device.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100 includes: the heat storage device, the cold storage device, the driving mechanism, the compressor 2, the first reversing valve 3, the heat storage heat exchanger 4, the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5, the turbine 6, the first generator 7, the second reversing valve 8 and the storage Leng Huanre device 9.
The driving mechanism is in power coupling connection with the compressor 2, and the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 drives the compressor 2 to work in an operating mode of an energy storage stage. The drive mechanism may include an electric motor, a turbine including a wind turbine, or the like.
The turbine 6 is in power coupling connection with the first generator 7, the turbine 6 rotates under the driving of the working medium so as to enable the working medium to expand and do work, and in a power generation working mode, the turbine 6 drives the generator 7 to generate power.
In actual implementation, the compressor 2 is coupled in power-driven connection with the turbine 6 and rotates synchronously.
The air outlet end of the compressor 2, the first path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4, the air inlet end of the turbine 6 and the first path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 are respectively connected with four valve ports of the first reversing valve 3. The first path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4 is connected with the first path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5.
The air outlet end of the turbine 6, the first path of the storage Leng Huanre device 9, the air inlet end of the compressor 2 and the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 are respectively connected with four valve ports of the second reversing valve 8. The first line of the storage Leng Huanre unit 9 is connected to the second line of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5. The heat storage device is connected with the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4, and the cold storage device is connected with the second path of the heat storage Leng Huanre device 9.
The first path of the waste heat exchanger 25 is connected between the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 and the first path of the storage Leng Huanre unit 9. A first valve 22 connected in parallel with the waste heat exchanger 25 is arranged between the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 and the first path of the storage Leng Huanre device 9. A second valve 23 is arranged between the junction of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 and the first valve 22 and the waste heat exchanger 25, and a third valve 24 is arranged between the junction of the storage Leng Huanre device 9 and the first valve 22 and the waste heat exchanger 25.
During the energy storage phase of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100, the first valve 22 is open, the second valve 23 and the third valve 24 are closed, and during the power generation phase of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100, the first valve 22 is closed, and the second valve 23 and the third valve 24 are open.
The first reversing valve and the second reversing valve can realize that the same device can complete reciprocal electric-heat/cold conversion cycle and heat/cold-electric conversion cycle, and the system structure is simplified. The intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger reduces the compression ratio of the compressor and the expansion ratio of the turbine, ensures the efficiency of the thermal power equipment and reduces the design and manufacturing difficulty.
The outlet temperature deviation caused by the reduced heat exchange efficiency of the heat storage and cold storage device is reduced in the energy storage stage. The inlet temperature of the heat storage and cold storage device is ensured to be stable in the power generation stage, so that the running stability of the system is maintained. The system adopts a low compression ratio design, so that the system can ensure the circulation efficiency without extremely high temperature and extremely low temperature, the temperature of the high temperature end of the system is reduced, the requirement of the system on high temperature resistant equipment/materials is reduced, and the cost of the system is reduced.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the kalina cycle subsystem 300 includes a separator 30, a high pressure turbine 31, a low pressure turbine 32, a generator number two 33, a regenerator 41, an absorber 38, a condenser 39, a heat providing heat exchanger 34, and/or a cold providing heat exchanger 36.
The output of the second circuit of the heat storage heat exchanger 28 is connected to the input of the separator 30. The vapor outlet of the separator 30 is connected to the inlet of the high pressure turbine 31, and the liquid outlet of the separator 30 is connected to the first path of the regenerator 41.
The outlet end of the high pressure turbine 31 is connected to the inlet end of the low pressure turbine 32 and/or to the inlet end of the first path of the heat-supplying heat exchanger 34, the outlet end of the low pressure turbine 32 is connected to the inlet end of the first path of the cold-supplying heat exchanger 36, the second path of the heat-supplying heat exchanger 34 is adapted to be connected to the heat-supplying circuit of the heat consumer 35, and the second path of the cold-supplying heat exchanger 36 is adapted to be connected to the cold-supplying circuit of the cold consumer 37.
The output end of the first path of the regenerator 41, the output end of the first path of the heat supply heat exchanger 34 and the output end of the first path of the cold supply heat exchanger 36 are all connected with the input end of the first path of the absorber 38, and the output end of the first path of the absorber 38 is connected with the input end of the first path of the condenser 39.
The output of the first path of the condenser 39 is connected to the input of the second path of the absorber 38, the output of the second path of the absorber 38 is connected to the input of the second path of the regenerator 41, and the output of the second path of the regenerator 41 is connected to the input of the second path of the regenerative heat exchanger 28.
The second path of the condenser 39 is connected to a cooling device. Preferably, the cooling device is an air cooling tower 43, and a fourth valve 44 is arranged between the second path of the condenser 39 and the air cooling tower 43.
The high-pressure turbine 31 and the low-pressure turbine 32 are connected with the second generator 33 in a power coupling way and synchronously rotate.
By using the kalina circulation subsystem 300, cascade utilization of energy can be realized, clean low-carbon closed combined cycle energy storage power generation, heat supply and cold supply are realized, different heat supply and heat supply demands of different time sections of a local station and residents are met, free heat supply and cold supply are realized, the efficiency of the energy storage power station is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the living demands of power station operation, staff and local residents are guaranteed, and the flexible demands of users for cold and heat supply are met.
The evaporation temperature of the working medium in the kalina cycle subsystem 300 changes along with the concentration change, and compared with the Rankine cycle, the cold and hot fluid curves of the kalina cycle are better matched in the heat storage heat exchanger and the heat regenerator, so that the cycle efficiency of the combined cooling heating and power system is improved. Meanwhile, because the exhaust steam of the kalina circulation subsystem 300 supplies cold and heat to the outside, the power of the condenser and the air cooling tower is obviously reduced, the combined cooling, heating and power circulation efficiency is further improved, and the condenser and the air cooling tower can be stopped when the cold and heat supply power of the kalina circulation subsystem 300 is larger, and the combined cooling, heating and power circulation efficiency is further improved.
A working medium pump 40 is arranged between the output end of the first path of the condenser 39 and the input end of the second path of the absorber 38, and the working medium pump 40 is arranged to make the working medium in the condenser become high-pressure ammonia water solution after being pressurized.
The first path of output end of the heat regenerator 41 and the first path of input end of the absorber 38 are provided with a throttle valve 42, so that the pressure of the ammonia water solution passing through the throttle valve 42 can be reduced, and the low-concentration ammonia water solution with the same pressure as the exhaust steam can be generated.
A seventh valve 47 and an eighth valve 48 are respectively arranged between the two ends of the heat supply loop of the heat user 35 and the second path of the heat supply heat exchanger 34, and a fifth valve 45 and a sixth valve 46 are respectively arranged between the two ends of the cold supply loop of the cold user 37 and the second path of the cold supply heat exchanger 36, so that the cooling and heating by opening and closing the different valves according to different requirements of a power station/an energy storage station and local residents on the combined cooling and heating power in different seasons are facilitated.
In some specific examples, referring to fig. 1 and 2, a cogeneration system includes: the power generation and circulation system comprises an energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100, a kalina circulation subsystem 300 and a heat storage subsystem 200. The heat storage subsystem 200 comprises a waste heat exchanger 25, a heat storage device and a heat storage heat exchanger 28, wherein the heat storage device is connected with the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 through the waste heat exchanger 25, the working medium in the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 exchanges heat with the heat storage medium in the heat storage device through the waste heat exchanger 25 so as to heat the heat storage medium through the waste heat of the working medium in the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100, the heat storage device is connected with the kalina circulation subsystem 300 through the heat storage heat exchanger 28, and the heat storage medium in the heat storage device exchanges heat with the working medium in the kalina circulation subsystem 300 through the heat storage heat exchanger 28 so as to heat the working medium in the kalina circulation subsystem 300 through the heat storage medium.
The heat storage device is a heat storage water tank, a heat storage water tank water pump 27 is arranged between the heat storage water tank and the second path of the waste heat exchanger 25, the heat storage water tank water pump 27 is arranged to enable water in the heat storage water tank to circulate between the heat storage water tank and the waste heat exchanger, a water pump 29 is arranged between the heat storage water tank and the first path of the heat storage heat exchanger 28, and the water pump 29 is arranged to enable water in the heat storage water tank to circulate between the heat storage water tank and the heat storage heat exchanger.
The energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100 includes: the heat storage device, the cold storage device, the driving mechanism, the compressor 2, the first reversing valve 3, the heat storage heat exchanger 4, the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5, the turbine 6, the first generator 7, the second reversing valve 8 and the storage Leng Huanre device 9.
The driving mechanism motor 1, the motor 1 is in power coupling connection with the compressor 2, and the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem 100 is in an energy storage stage working mode, and the motor 1 is used for driving the compressor 2 to work.
The turbine 6 is in power coupling connection with the first generator 7, and the turbine 6 rotates under the driving of the working medium so as to enable the working medium to expand and do work.
In actual implementation, the compressor 2 is coupled in power-driven connection with the turbine 6 and rotates synchronously.
The air outlet end of the compressor 2, the first path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4, the air inlet end of the turbine 6 and the first path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 are respectively connected with four valve ports of the first reversing valve 3, and the first path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4 is connected with the first path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5.
The air outlet end of the turbine 6, the first path of the storage Leng Huanre device 9, the air inlet end of the compressor 2 and the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 are respectively connected with four valve ports of the second reversing valve 8, and the first path of the storage Leng Huanre device 9 is connected with the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5; the heat storage device is connected with the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4, and the cold storage device is connected with the second path of the heat storage Leng Huanre device 9.
The heat storage device comprises an oblique temperature layer molten salt tank 10, wherein the molten salt tank 10 is an approximate heat insulation tank with extremely high heat preservation performance, high-temperature molten salt is arranged above a molten salt oblique temperature layer 11 of the molten salt tank 10, and low-temperature molten salt is arranged below the molten salt oblique temperature layer 11 of the molten salt tank 10.
The single-tank heat storage can be realized by utilizing the inclined temperature layer salt melting tank 10 for heat storage, the heat storage temperature of the molten salt tank 10 is high, electric energy can be converted into high-grade high-temperature heat source for storage, and the heat storage efficiency and the power generation efficiency are convenient to improve. At the moment of energy storage completion, the molten salt tank 10 is fully filled with high-temperature molten salt from top to bottom and the low-temperature molten salt at the bottom is completely emptied. At the time of system discharge completion, the molten salt tank 10 is fully emptied from the bottom up with low temperature molten salt and the upper high temperature molten salt.
The upper end of the molten salt tank 10 is provided with a molten salt upper distributor 14, the lower end of the molten salt tank 10 is provided with a molten salt lower distributor 12, and the molten salt upper distributor 14 and the molten salt lower distributor 12 are respectively connected with two ends of the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4.
A high-temperature molten salt pump 15 is arranged between the upper distributor 14 and the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4, and the high-temperature molten salt pump 15 is arranged to enable molten salt to flow into the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4 from the molten salt upper distributor 14 or enable molten salt to flow into the molten salt upper distributor 14 from the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4.
A low-temperature molten salt pump 13 is arranged between the molten salt lower distributor 12 and the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4, and the low-temperature molten salt pump 13 is arranged to enable molten salt to flow into the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4 from the molten salt lower distributor 12 or enable molten salt to flow into the molten salt lower distributor 12 from the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger 4.
Through distributor 14 and distributor 12 under the fused salt on the fused salt, guaranteed that fused salt inclined temperature layer 11 effectively keeps apart upper portion high temperature fused salt and lower part low temperature fused salt, accomplish the heat accumulation of system high temperature end after fused salt jar 10 stores up high temperature fused salt. The design of the lower molten salt distributor 12 and the upper molten salt distributor 14 reduces the mixing of the high/low temperature energy storage medium and the thickening of the inclined temperature layer during the operation of the inclined temperature layer. The heat storage is completed in a single molten salt tank 10, so that the energy storage density is improved, and the cost is reduced. By the design of the lower molten salt distributor 12 and the upper molten salt distributor 14, the temperature of the high-temperature end of the thermal-electric conversion system is kept constant, and the temperature stability and the working point stability of the high-temperature end of the whole system are ensured.
The cold storage device comprises an antifreeze fluid reservoir 16 with an inclined temperature layer, wherein the antifreeze fluid reservoir 16 is an approximate heat insulation tank with extremely high heat insulation performance, high-temperature antifreeze fluid is arranged above an antifreeze fluid inclined temperature layer 17 of the antifreeze fluid reservoir 16, and low-temperature antifreeze fluid is arranged below the antifreeze fluid inclined temperature layer 17 of the antifreeze fluid reservoir 16. The cold storage of the single-tank can be realized by utilizing the cold storage of the anti-freezing liquid tank 16 of the inclined temperature layer, and the cold storage temperature of the anti-freezing liquid tank 16 is very low.
At the moment of energy storage completion, the antifreeze tank 16 is full of low-temperature antifreeze from bottom to top, and the upper high-temperature antifreeze is completely emptied. At the time of system discharge completion, the antifreeze fluid tank 16 is filled with high-temperature antifreeze fluid from top to bottom, and the lower low-temperature antifreeze fluid is completely emptied.
The upper end of the antifreeze fluid tank 16 is provided with an antifreeze fluid upper distributor 18, the lower end of the antifreeze fluid tank 16 is provided with an antifreeze fluid lower distributor 20, and the antifreeze fluid upper distributor 18 and the antifreeze fluid lower distributor 20 are respectively connected with two ends of the second path of the storage Leng Huanre device 9.
An antifreeze pump 19 is arranged between the antifreeze upper distributor 18 and the second path of the storage Leng Huanre device 9, the antifreeze pump 19 being arranged to flow antifreeze from the antifreeze upper distributor 18 into the second path of the cold storage heat exchanger 9 or to flow antifreeze from the second path of the cold storage heat exchanger 9 into the antifreeze upper distributor 18.
A low-temperature antifreeze liquid pump 21 is provided between the antifreeze lower distributor 20 and the second path of the reservoir Leng Huanre, the low-temperature antifreeze liquid pump 21 being arranged to flow antifreeze liquid from the antifreeze lower distributor 20 into the second path of the cold-storage heat exchanger 9 or to flow antifreeze liquid from the second path of the cold-storage heat exchanger 9 into the antifreeze lower distributor 20.
Through the upper antifreeze distributor 18 and the lower antifreeze distributor 20, the antifreeze inclined temperature layer 17 is ensured to effectively isolate the upper high-temperature antifreeze and the lower low-temperature antifreeze, and the cold storage at the low-temperature end of the system is completed after the antifreeze tank 16 is full of the low-temperature antifreeze. The design of the upper and lower antifreeze distributors 18 and 20 reduces the mixing of the high/low temperature energy storage medium during operation of the inclined temperature layer and thickening of the inclined temperature layer. The cold storage is completed in the single antifreeze fluid reservoir 16, which improves the energy storage density and reduces the cost. By the design of the upper antifreezing solution distributor 18 and the lower antifreezing solution distributor 20, the temperature of the low-temperature end of the thermal-electric conversion system is kept constant, and the temperature stability and the working condition point stability of the low-temperature end of the whole system are ensured.
The first path of the waste heat exchanger 25 is connected between the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 and the first path of the storage Leng Huanre unit 9. A first valve 22 connected in parallel with the waste heat exchanger 25 is arranged between the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 and the first path of the storage Leng Huanre device 9. A second valve 23 is arranged between the junction of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 and the first valve 22 and the waste heat exchanger 25, and a third valve 24 is arranged between the junction of the storage Leng Huanre device 9 and the first valve 22 and the waste heat exchanger 25.
During the energy storage phase of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100, the first valve 22 is open, the second valve 23 and the third valve 24 are closed, and during the power generation phase of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem 100, the first valve 22 is closed, and the second valve 23 and the third valve 24 are open.
The kalina cycle subsystem 300 includes a separator 30, a high pressure turbine 31, a low pressure turbine 32, a generator No. 33, a regenerator 41, an absorber 38, a condenser 39, a heat supply heat exchanger 34, and/or a cold supply heat exchanger 36.
The output of the second circuit of the heat storage heat exchanger 28 is connected to the input of the separator 30. The vapor outlet of the separator 30 is connected to the inlet of the high pressure turbine 31, and the liquid outlet of the separator 30 is connected to the first path of the regenerator 41.
The outlet end of the high pressure turbine 31 is connected to the inlet end of the low pressure turbine 32 and/or to the inlet end of the first path of the heat-supplying heat exchanger 34, the outlet end of the low pressure turbine 32 is connected to the inlet end of the first path of the cold-supplying heat exchanger 36, the second path of the heat-supplying heat exchanger 34 is adapted to be connected to the heat-supplying circuit of the heat consumer 35, and the second path of the cold-supplying heat exchanger 36 is adapted to be connected to the cold-supplying circuit of the cold consumer 37.
The output end of the first path of the regenerator 41, the output end of the first path of the heat supply heat exchanger 34 and the output end of the first path of the cold supply heat exchanger 36 are all connected with the input end of the first path of the absorber 38, the output end of the first path of the regenerator 41 and the input end of the first path of the absorber 38 are provided with a throttle valve 42, and the output end of the first path of the absorber 38 is connected with the input end of the first path of the condenser 39.
The output end of the first path of the condenser 39 is connected with the input end of the second path of the absorber 38 through the working medium pump 40, the output end of the second path of the absorber 38 is connected with the input end of the second path of the regenerator 41, and the output end of the second path of the regenerator 41 is connected with the input end of the second path of the heat accumulating heat exchanger 28.
The second path of the condenser 39 is connected to a cooling device, preferably an air cooling tower 43, and a fourth valve 44 is provided between the second path of the condenser 39 and the air cooling tower 43.
The high-pressure turbine 31 and the low-pressure turbine 32 are connected with the second generator 33 in a power coupling way and synchronously rotate.
A seventh valve 47 and an eighth valve 48 are respectively arranged between the two ends of the heat supply loop of the heat user 35 and the second path of the heat supply heat exchanger 34, and a fifth valve 45 and a sixth valve 46 are respectively arranged between the two ends of the cold supply loop of the cold user 37 and the second path of the cold supply heat exchanger 36, so that the different valves can be opened and closed for cooling and heating according to different requirements of a power station/an energy storage station and local residents on the combined cooling and heating in different seasons.
The following describes the operation of the cogeneration system according to an embodiment of the invention.
1.1 electric-thermal/Cold conversion cycle of energy storage Power Generation cycle subsystem
As shown in fig. 1, in the energy storage stage, the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem performs brayton reverse circulation on the gaseous working medium, and the gaseous working medium is driven by electric energy to complete circulation, so that the electric energy is converted into heat energy and cold energy for storage.
Starting a loop of a compressor 2, a first reversing valve 3, a heat storage heat exchanger 4, an intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5, a first reversing valve 3, a turbine 6, a second reversing valve 8, a storage Leng Huanre device 9, a first valve 22 (fully opened, a second valve 23 and a third valve 24 are closed), and the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5, the second reversing valve 8 and the compressor 2, and driving the compressor 2 by an electric drive motor 1, wherein the compressor 2 applies work to convert electric energy into energy of a high-temperature gaseous working medium; the high-temperature gaseous working medium passes through the first reversing valve 3, and is heated when flowing into the heat storage heat exchanger 4 to become a medium-temperature gaseous working medium, and then the medium-temperature gaseous working medium passes through the medium heat recovery heat exchanger 5 to heat the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the inlet of the compressor 2, so that the compression ratio of the compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of the turbine 6 are effectively reduced, the design and manufacturing difficulty of thermal equipment is reduced, and the efficiency and the reliability of the thermal equipment are ensured; meanwhile, outlet temperature deviation caused by the reduction of heat exchange efficiency of the heat storage and cold storage devices is reduced, and the operation stability of the system in the energy storage stage is maintained.
The medium-temperature gaseous working medium flows out after passing through the medium heat recovery heat exchanger 5, flows to the turbine 6 after passing through the first reversing valve 3, is cooled into low-temperature gaseous working medium after expanding through the turbine 6, flows into the cold storage heat exchanger 9 through the second reversing valve 8 at first for cooling the antifreeze fluid, flows into the medium heat recovery heat exchanger 5 to be heated later, flows to the compressor 2 after passing through the second reversing valve 8, and completes an energy storage cycle.
In the energy storage stage, the heat storage device and the cold storage device operate in the following modes:
the low-temperature molten salt pump 13 drives the low-temperature molten salt to flow out from the bottom of the molten salt tank 10 through the lower molten salt distributor 12, and flows through the heat storage heat exchanger 4, the low-temperature molten salt is heated into high-temperature molten salt, and the high-temperature molten salt flows into the upper space of the molten salt tank 10 through the upper molten salt distributor 14.
The antifreeze pump 19 drives the high-temperature antifreeze to flow out from the upper space of the antifreeze tank 16 through the antifreeze upper distributor 18, flows through the cold storage heat exchanger 9, is cooled to low-temperature antifreeze, and flows into the lower space of the antifreeze tank 16 after passing through the antifreeze lower distributor 20.
In the energy storage stage of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem, the second valve 23 and the third valve 24 are closed, the first valve 22 is opened, and the heat storage water tank water pump 27 in the heat storage subsystem is closed.
In the energy storage stage of the energy storage power generation subsystem, the energy storage power generation subsystem performs energy storage circulation, the gaseous working medium performs compression, heat release, expansion work and heat absorption circulation, the compressor work is larger than the turbine work, and the outside is used for storing heat energy and cold energy after inputting electric energy into the system.
The operation mode of the energy storage circulation is that at the high temperature end of the system, low-temperature molten salt flows out from the lower space of the molten salt tank, becomes high-temperature molten salt after heat exchange by the heat storage heat exchanger, and flows into the upper space of the molten salt tank from the upper distributor of the molten salt tank for storage. At the low-temperature end of the system, high-temperature antifreeze flows out from the upper space of the antifreeze fluid reservoir, becomes low-temperature antifreeze after heat exchange by the Leng Huanre accumulator, and flows into the lower space of the antifreeze fluid reservoir from the lower distributor of the antifreeze fluid reservoir for storage. The design of the upper and lower distributors in the same storage tank realizes that high-temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt and high-temperature and low-temperature antifreeze are effectively isolated through the inclined temperature layer, when energy storage is completed, the high-temperature molten salt tank is fully stored with the high-temperature molten salt, the antifreeze tank is fully stored with the low-temperature antifreeze, and the heat at the high-temperature end of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem is stored in the molten salt tank and the heat at the low-temperature end is stored in the antifreeze tank, so that the temperature difference between the high-temperature end and the low-temperature end of the system is efficiently maintained.
1.2 Heat/Cold-electric conversion cycle of energy storage Power Generation cycle subsystem
As shown in fig. 2, the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem starts a power cycle of heat/cold-electricity conversion in a power generation stage, the process is an inverse process of electricity-heat/cold conversion, the gas working medium is subjected to brayton cycle, at the moment, the turbine 6 does work more than the compressor does work, the generator 7 is driven to generate power, and the system outputs work to the outside for power supply.
The method comprises the steps of starting a compressor 2, a first reversing valve 3, an intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5, a heat storage heat exchanger 4, the first reversing valve 3, a turbine 6, a second reversing valve 8, the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5, a second valve 23 (full open), a waste heat exchanger 25, a third valve 24 (full open), a storage Leng Huanre device 9, the second reversing valve 8 and a compressor 2 loop, enabling low-temperature gaseous working media to enter the first reversing valve 3 after being compressed by the compressor 2, enabling the low-temperature gaseous working media to flow through the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 to become the intermediate-temperature gaseous working media, enabling the intermediate-temperature gaseous working media to flow through the heat storage heat exchanger 4 to be heated, and enabling the intermediate-temperature gaseous working media to flow into the turbine 6 to expand and do work after being heated to become high-temperature gaseous working media.
The medium-temperature gaseous working medium after the turbine 6 works enters the second reversing valve 8, firstly flows through the medium heat recovery heat exchanger 5 to heat the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the compressor 2 to become medium-low-temperature gaseous working medium, then flows through the waste heat exchanger 25 to release heat, waste heat caused by irreversible loss of the system is discharged, and then the gaseous working medium flows through the cold storage heat exchanger 9 to be cooled, and the cooled low-temperature gaseous working medium flows through the second reversing valve 8 to enter the inlet of the compressor 2 to complete a round of power generation cycle.
In the power generation stage, the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger 5 is used for expanding the intermediate gas state working medium after acting to heat the low-temperature gas state working medium at the outlet of the compressor, so that the compression ratio of the compressor and the expansion ratio of the turbine are effectively reduced, the efficiency and the reliability of the thermodynamic equipment are ensured, and the inlet temperature stability of the heat storage and cold storage device is ensured; the waste heat of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem is recovered through the waste heat exchanger 25, and the waste heat is the surplus heat caused by irreversible loss of the system, so that the circulation of the power generation stage is closed, and the operation stability of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem in the power generation stage is maintained; the reversibility of the power generation cycle and the energy storage cycle of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem is improved, and the efficiency of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem and the total energy conversion efficiency of the system are obviously improved.
In the power generation stage, the heat storage device and the cold storage device operate in the following modes:
the high-temperature molten salt pump 15 drives the high-temperature molten salt to flow out from the upper part of the molten salt tank 10 through the molten salt upper distributor 14, flow through the heat storage heat exchanger 4, heat the gaseous working medium to become low-temperature molten salt, and flow into the lower space of the molten salt tank 10 through the molten salt lower distributor 12.
The antifreeze pump 21 drives the low-temperature antifreeze to flow out from the lower space of the antifreeze tank 16 through the antifreeze lower distributor 20, flows through the cold storage heat exchanger 9, cools the gaseous working medium, and flows to the upper space of the antifreeze tank 16 after passing through the antifreeze upper distributor 18.
At the time of system discharge completion, the molten salt tank 10 is fully filled with low-temperature molten salt from bottom to top, and the high-temperature molten salt at the upper part is completely emptied; the antifreeze tank 16 is filled with high-temperature antifreeze from top to bottom and the lower part of the antifreeze tank is completely emptied. And starting the next energy storage power generation cycle.
In the power generation stage of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem, the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem performs power generation circulation, the gaseous working medium performs compression-heat absorption-expansion work-heat release circulation processes, the gaseous working medium absorbs heat from high-temperature molten salt and releases heat to antifreeze, at the moment, turbine work is larger than a compressor work, a power generator is driven to generate power, and the net output function of the system to the outside is used for supplying power.
1.3 Heat accumulation and exothermal cycle of Heat accumulation subsystem
As shown in fig. 2, in the power generation stage of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem, the water pump 27 in the heat storage subsystem is turned on to deliver the low-temperature water in the heat storage water tank to the waste heat exchanger 25, so that the waste heat of the gas working medium in the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem is fully recovered for heating the low-temperature water from the heat storage water tank, and the low-temperature water is heated to a medium-high temperature and stored in the heat storage water tank.
The heat exchange and heat accumulation of the heat accumulation subsystem are carried out, so that the waste heat of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem is recovered, on one hand, the waste heat of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem is discharged and is the surplus heat caused by irreversible loss of the system, the circulation of the power generation stage is closed, the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem is recovered to a design point, and the running stability of the system in the power generation stage is maintained; the reversibility of the power generation cycle and the energy storage cycle of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem is improved, and the cycle efficiency of the energy storage power generation cycle subsystem and the total energy conversion efficiency of the system are obviously improved; on the other hand, the heat storage subsystem realizes the waste heat utilization of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem, stores a large amount of hot water serving as a medium-high temperature heat source for the kalina circulation subsystem, and therefore the efficiency of the whole combined cooling heating and power system is improved.
In the operation time period of the kalina cycle subsystem, the heat storage water tank releases heat, the heat source water in the heat storage water tank flows through the heat storage water tank heat exchanger 28 and is used for heating the working medium of the kalina cycle subsystem, and after the heat source water releases the stored heat, the heat source water becomes low-temperature water which returns to the heat storage water tank through the water pump 29.
1.4 refrigeration, heating and power generation cycle in kalina cycle subsystem
In the combined cooling heating and power period, the working flow of the kalina circulation subsystem is as follows:
1.4.1 the basic concentration ammonia water solution with low temperature is taken as the working medium of the kalina circulation subsystem, is pressurized by a working medium pump 40 to become high-pressure ammonia water solution, then enters an absorber 38, is preheated by exhaust steam and low concentration ammonia water discharged by a high-pressure turbine 31, and enters a regenerator 41 to be further heated by the low concentration ammonia water solution discharged by a separator 30;
1.4.2 the ammonia water solution flowing out of the regenerator 41 enters the heat storage tank heat exchanger 28, is heated by the high-temperature water stored in the heat storage tank to generate a gas-liquid mixture, and then enters the separator 30 to be separated into high-concentration ammonia steam and low-concentration ammonia water solution;
1.4.3 high-concentration ammonia steam enters the high-pressure turbine 31 to expand and do work to generate electricity, and high-temperature exhaust steam generated after the work is done flows into the heat supply heat exchanger 34 to supply heat to the heat user 35;
1.4.4 high-concentration ammonia steam at the outlet of the high-pressure turbine 31 enters the low-pressure turbine 32 to further expand and do work to generate power, and low-temperature exhaust steam generated after the work is done flows into the cooling heat exchanger 36 to cool the cold user 37; the exhaust steam after heating and cooling flows into absorber 38; the high-pressure turbine 31 and the low-pressure turbine 32 jointly drive the generator 33 to generate electricity.
1.4.5 the low concentration ammonia solution discharged from the separator 30 flows into the throttle valve 42 after heat exchange by the heat regenerator 41, and the low concentration ammonia solution with the same pressure as the exhaust steam is generated;
1.4.6 low-concentration ammonia water solution and exhaust steam are mixed in an absorber, then flow into a condenser 39, are cooled by an air cooling tower 43, generate low-temperature basic-concentration ammonia water solution again, flow into a working medium pump 40, enter the next cycle and perform power generation, heat supply and cold supply of the kalina cycle.
During the period when only cooling is required, the refrigeration system is started and the heating system is shut down (shut-off valves 47 and 48, all auxiliary pump valves inside the heating system are closed).
The exhaust steam at the outlet of the high-pressure turbine 31 completely enters the low-pressure turbine 32 to do work, and the low-temperature exhaust steam generated after the work is done flows into the cooling heat exchanger 36 to cool the cold user 37; exhaust steam flows into absorber 38; the high-pressure turbine 31 and the low-pressure turbine 32 jointly drive the generator 33 to generate electricity. The flow is the same as the combined cooling, heating and power time period.
During the period when only heating is required, the heating system is started and the refrigeration system is shut off (shut-off valves 45 and 46, all auxiliary pump valves inside the cooling system are closed).
The high-temperature exhaust steam generated after the high-pressure turbine 31 works flows into the heat supply heat exchanger 34 to supply heat to the heat user 35; the exhaust steam at the outlet of the high-pressure turbine 31 does not enter the low-pressure turbine 32, and the high-pressure turbine 31 drives the No. two generator 33 to generate electricity so as to drive the low-pressure turbine 32 to idle at zero load. The flow is the same as the combined cooling, heating and power time period.
According to the combined cooling heating and power system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the heat storage subsystem and the kalina circulation subsystem are arranged, so that intermittent medium-low temperature waste heat in the power generation cycle of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem can be stored in the heat storage device in the heat storage subsystem, the continuously running kalina circulation subsystem can utilize the medium-low temperature waste heat in the power generation cycle of the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem to perform combined cooling and power, and various modes of operation (independent or combined operation, such as combined cooling and power, independent energy storage, independent power generation, independent heat storage, independent heat supply and independent cooling) are supported, so that power, cooling and heating can be provided at any time according to different requirements of users; the waste heat utilization in the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem is realized, the efficiency, the system power generation capacity, the energy storage density, the safety and the economy of the combined cooling-heating power system are improved, the clean low-carbon closed combined cycle energy storage power generation, heat supply and cold supply are realized, and the different cold supply and heat supply requirements of different time sections of a local power station and residents are met.
In the combined cooling, heating and power system, all working media are in closed circulation in the energy storage, power generation, refrigeration and heat supply stages, no emission and no pollution are caused, and the combined energy storage and cooling, heating and power system is clean, low in carbon, efficient and energy-saving.
The combined cooling heating and power system provided by the embodiment of the invention is universally applicable to the fields of energy storage, off-peak electricity utilization, clean heat supply, cold supply and the like of renewable energy power generation systems such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like. Aiming at the characteristics of instability and intermittence of renewable energy sources, the combined cooling heating power system can stabilize instability of wind power or photovoltaic power generation and the like, realize stable output of renewable energy source power, has the function of balancing power supply and demand, can realize large-scale energy storage, exerts the energy storage peak regulation advantage, and responds to the energy storage and power generation requirements of renewable energy sources; meanwhile, free heat supply and cold supply are realized, the efficiency of the energy storage power station is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the living demands of power station operation, staff and local residents and the flexible demands of users on cold and hot supply are also ensured.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cogeneration system, comprising:
An energy storage power generation circulation subsystem;
a kalina circulation subsystem;
the heat storage subsystem comprises a waste heat exchanger, a heat storage device and a heat storage heat exchanger, wherein the heat storage device is connected with the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem through the waste heat exchanger, a working medium in the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem exchanges heat with a heat storage medium in the heat storage device through the waste heat exchanger so as to heat the heat storage medium through the waste heat of the working medium in the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem, the heat storage device is connected with the kalina circulation subsystem through the heat storage heat exchanger, and the heat storage medium in the heat storage device exchanges heat with the working medium in the kalina circulation subsystem through the heat storage heat exchanger so as to heat the working medium in the kalina circulation subsystem through the heat storage medium;
the energy storage power generation circulation subsystem comprises: the heat storage device, the cold storage device, the driving mechanism, the compressor, the first reversing valve, the heat storage heat exchanger, the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger, the turbine, the first generator, the second reversing valve and the Leng Huanre accumulator; wherein the method comprises the steps of
The driving mechanism is in power coupling connection with the compressor, and the turbine is in power coupling connection with the first generator;
The air outlet end of the compressor, the first path of the heat storage heat exchanger, the air inlet end of the turbine and the first path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger are respectively connected with four valve ports of the first reversing valve, and the first path of the heat storage heat exchanger is connected with the first path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger;
the air outlet end of the turbine, the first path of the Leng Huanre storage device, the air inlet end of the compressor and the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger are respectively connected with four valve ports of the second reversing valve, and the first path of the Leng Huanre storage device is connected with the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger;
the heat storage device is connected with the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger, and the cold storage device is connected with the second path of the Leng Huanre accumulator;
the first path of the waste heat exchanger is connected between the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger and the first path of the Leng Huanre storage device, a first valve connected in parallel with the waste heat exchanger is arranged between the second path of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger and the first path of the Leng Huanre storage device, a second valve is arranged between the junction of the intermediate heat recovery heat exchanger and the first valve and the waste heat exchanger, and a third valve is arranged between the junction of the Leng Huanre storage device and the first valve and the waste heat exchanger;
The kalina circulation subsystem comprises a separator, a high-pressure turbine, a low-pressure turbine, a generator II, a heat regenerator, an absorber, a condenser, a heat supply heat exchanger and/or a cold supply heat exchanger; wherein the method comprises the steps of
The output end of the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger is connected with the input end of the separator;
the steam outlet of the separator is connected with the air inlet end of the high-pressure turbine, and the liquid outlet of the separator is connected with the input end of the first path of the heat regenerator;
the air outlet end of the high-pressure turbine is connected with the air inlet end of the low-pressure turbine and/or the input end of the first path of the heat supply heat exchanger, the air outlet end of the low-pressure turbine is connected with the input end of the first path of the cold supply heat exchanger, the second path of the heat supply heat exchanger is suitable for being connected with a heat supply loop of a hot user, and the second path of the cold supply heat exchanger is suitable for being connected with a cold supply loop of a cold user;
the output end of the first path of the heat regenerator, the output end of the first path of the heat supply heat exchanger and the output end of the first path of the cold supply heat exchanger are all connected with the input end of the first path of the absorber, and the output end of the first path of the absorber is connected with the input end of the first path of the condenser;
The output end of the first path of the condenser is connected with the input end of the second path of the absorber, the output end of the second path of the absorber is connected with the input end of the second path of the heat regenerator, and the output end of the second path of the heat regenerator is connected with the input end of the second path of the heat storage heat exchanger;
the second path of the condenser is connected with a cooling device;
the high-pressure turbine and the low-pressure turbine are connected with the power of the second generator in a coupling way and synchronously rotate.
2. The cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the heat storage device comprises a heat storage water tank.
3. The cogeneration system of claim 2, wherein a heat storage tank water pump is disposed between the heat storage tank and the second path of the waste heat exchanger.
4. The cogeneration system of claim 2, wherein a water pump is disposed between the heat storage water tank and the first path of the heat storage heat exchanger.
5. The cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the cooling device is an air-cooled tower, and a fourth valve is disposed between the second path of the condenser and the air-cooled tower.
6. The cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein a working fluid pump is disposed between the output of the first path of the condenser and the input of the second path of the absorber.
7. The cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein the output of the first path of the regenerator and the input of the first path of the absorber are provided with a throttle valve.
8. A cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein a seventh valve and an eighth valve are respectively disposed between the heating circuit of the hot user and the two ends of the second path of the heating heat exchanger, and a fifth valve and a sixth valve are respectively disposed between the cooling circuit of the cold user and the two ends of the second path of the cooling heat exchanger.
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