CN210122925U

CN210122925U - Energy storage power generation circulating system

Info

Publication number: CN210122925U
Application number: CN201920903374.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张谨奕; 李京浩; 白宁; 王含; 张玮
Original assignee: State Power Investment Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Current assignee: State Power Investment Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-06-14
Filing date: 2019-06-14
Publication date: 2020-03-03
Anticipated expiration: 2029-06-14

Abstract

The application discloses energy storage power generation circulation system, energy storage power generation circulation system includes: the system comprises a heat storage device, a cold storage device, a driving mechanism, a compressor, a first reversing valve, a first heat exchanger, an intermediate heat exchanger, a turbine, a generator, a second reversing valve and a second heat exchanger; the air outlet end of the compressor, the first path of the first heat exchanger, the air inlet end of the turbine and the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger are respectively connected with a first reversing valve, and the first path of the first heat exchanger is connected with the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger; the air outlet end of the turbine, the first path of the second heat exchanger, the air inlet end of the compressor and the second path of the intermediate heat exchanger are respectively connected with a second reversing valve, and the first path of the second heat exchanger is connected with the second path of the intermediate heat exchanger; the heat storage device is connected with the second path of the first heat exchanger, and the cold storage device is connected with the second path of the second heat exchanger. The application discloses energy storage power generation circulation system, gaseous working medium is the closed circulation in the system, can help reducing the expansion ratio that compressor compression ratio, turbine.

Description

Energy storage power generation circulating system

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of energy storage manufacturing, and particularly relates to an energy storage power generation circulating system.

Background

Renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic are unstable and intermittent, the generated power is difficult to adjust to match with the power load, and a thermal power plant also has peak regulation requirements. Energy storage systems are commonly employed to consume renewable energy or to peak-shaving thermal power plants.

The energy storage system in the related art is generally in open circulation, and only harmless air and the like can be selected as a circulation medium, so that the heat exchange efficiency is limited, and certain gas can be discharged; or the energy storage systems waste more energy in the heat exchange process, so that the energy storage efficiency is low, and an improvement space exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application is directed to solving at least one of the problems in the prior art.

The application provides an energy storage power generation circulation system, includes: the system comprises a heat storage device, a cold storage device, a driving mechanism, a compressor, a first reversing valve, a first heat exchanger, an intermediate heat exchanger, a turbine, a generator, a second reversing valve and a second heat exchanger; the driving mechanism is in power coupling connection with the compressor, and the turbine is in power coupling connection with the generator; the air outlet end of the compressor, the first path of the first heat exchanger, the air inlet end of the turbine and the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger are respectively connected with four valve ports of the first reversing valve, and the first path of the first heat exchanger is connected with the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger; the air outlet end of the turbine, the first path of the second heat exchanger, the air inlet end of the compressor and the second path of the intermediate heat exchanger are respectively connected with four valve ports of the second reversing valve, and the first path of the second heat exchanger is connected with the second path of the intermediate heat exchanger; the heat storage device is connected with the second path of the first heat exchanger, and the cold storage device is connected with the second path of the second heat exchanger.

The energy storage power generation circulating system adopts the compressor-the heat exchanger-the reversing valve-the intermediate heat exchanger-the turbine to form a main device for gaseous working medium circulation, the gaseous working medium in the system is in closed circulation in the energy storage and power generation stages, no emission and no pollution are caused, a clean, low-carbon, high-efficiency and energy-saving energy storage mode is realized, the same device is designed through the reversing valve to complete reciprocal electricity-heat conversion circulation and heat-electricity conversion circulation, the system structure is simplified, the intermediate heat exchanger is designed to help reduce the compression ratio of the compressor and the expansion ratio of the turbine, the efficiency of a thermal power plant is ensured, the manufacturing difficulty is reduced, and the operation stability of the system in the energy storage and power generation stages is maintained.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage and power generation cycle system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a molten salt pump connected to a molten salt tank or an antifreeze pump connected to an antifreeze tank according to another embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals:

a drive mechanism 1; a compressor 2; a first direction valve 3; a first heat exchanger 4; an intermediate heat exchanger 5; a turbine 6; a generator 7; a second direction valve 8; a second heat exchanger 9; a molten salt tank 10; a molten salt thermocline 11; a molten salt lower distributor 12; a first molten salt pump 13; a molten salt upper distributor 14; a second molten salt pump 15; an antifreeze solution tank 16; an antifreeze thermocline 17; an upper antifreeze distributor 18; a second antifreeze pump 19; an antifreeze dispenser 20; the first antifreeze liquid pump 21; a first molten salt main valve 22; a first molten salt bypass valve 23; a second molten salt main valve 24; a second molten salt bypass valve 25; a first main antifreeze valve 26; a first antifreeze bypass valve 27; a second main antifreeze valve 28; a second antifreeze bypass valve 29;

a molten salt pump 30a, an antifreeze pump 30b, a first inlet valve 31, a second inlet valve 32, a first outlet valve 33, and a second outlet valve 34.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present application. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.

An energy storage and power generation cycle system according to an embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to fig. 1-2.

The energy storage and power generation circulating system can be suitable for renewable energy source electricity storage fields such as peak regulation, off-peak electricity utilization, wind power and photovoltaic of a thermal power plant.

As shown in fig. 1, an energy storage and power generation cycle system according to an embodiment of the present application includes: the system comprises a heat storage device, a cold storage device, a driving mechanism 1, a compressor 2, a first reversing valve 3, a first heat exchanger 4, an intermediate heat exchanger 5, a turbine 6, a generator 7, a second reversing valve 8 and a second heat exchanger 9.

Wherein, the driving mechanism 1 is connected with the compressor 2 in a power coupling manner, in the energy storage power generation cycle system in the energy storage operation mode, the driving mechanism 1 is used for driving the compressor 2 to operate, in the practical implementation, the driving mechanism 1 may comprise an electric motor, or the driving mechanism 1 may comprise a turbine of a wind power generator, etc.

The turbine 6 is in power coupling connection with the generator 7, the turbine 6 is used for rotating under the driving of the working medium so as to enable the working medium to expand and do work, and in the power generation working mode, the turbine 6 is used for driving the generator 7 to generate power.

In a practical implementation, the compressor 2 is coupled to the turbine 6 in a power-coupled manner and rotates synchronously.

The compressor 2, the first reversing valve 3, the first heat exchanger 4, the intermediate heat exchanger 5, the turbine 6, the second reversing valve 8 and the second heat exchanger 9 are connected to form a Brayton cycle (a forward cycle and a reverse cycle), working media in the Brayton cycle can be gaseous working media, and the gaseous working media can be air, nitrogen, argon, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and the like.

As shown in fig. 1, the air outlet end of the compressor 2, the first path of the first heat exchanger 4, the air inlet end of the turbine 6, and the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 are respectively connected to four valve ports of the first reversing valve 3, and the first path of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger 5; the air outlet end of the turbine 6, the first path of the second heat exchanger 9, the air inlet end of the compressor 2 and the second path of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 are respectively connected with four valve ports of a second reversing valve 8, and the first path of the second heat exchanger 9 is connected with the second path of the intermediate heat exchanger 5; the heat storage device is connected with the second path of the first heat exchanger 4, and the cold storage device is connected with the second path of the second heat exchanger 9.

In practical implementation, as shown in fig. 1, the air outlet end of the compressor 2 is connected to the first valve port 3a of the first reversing valve 3, the second valve port 3b of the first reversing valve 3 is connected to one end (left end in fig. 1) of the first path of the first heat exchanger 4, the other end (right end in fig. 1) of the first path of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to one end (right end in fig. 1) of the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, the other end (left end in fig. 1) of the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected to the fourth valve port 3d of the first reversing valve 3, and the third valve port 3c of the first reversing valve 3 is connected to the air inlet end of the turbine 6; an air outlet end of the turbine 6 is connected with a first valve port 8a of a second reversing valve 8, a second valve port 8b of the second reversing valve 8 is connected with one end (right end in fig. 1) of a first path of a second heat exchanger 9, the other end (left end in fig. 1) of the first path of the second heat exchanger 9 is connected with one end (left end in fig. 1) of a second path of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, the other end (right end in fig. 1) of the second path of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is connected with a fourth valve port 8d of the second reversing valve 8, and a third valve port 8c of the second reversing valve 8 is connected with an air inlet end of the compressor 2.

The high-temperature end heat storage medium in the heat storage device can exchange heat with the working medium in the Brayton cycle in the first heat exchanger 4, and the low-temperature end cold storage medium in the cold storage device can exchange heat with the working medium in the Brayton cycle in the second heat exchanger 9.

The energy storage power generation circulating system has an energy storage working mode and a power generation working mode, particularly, an intermediate heat exchanger 5 for recovering intermediate heat is arranged in the Brayton cycle, and the compression ratio of a compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of a turbine 6 can be effectively reduced.

In the energy storage working mode, the first port 3a of the first direction valve 3 is connected with the second port 3b of the first direction valve 3, the third port 3c of the first direction valve 3 is connected with the fourth port 3d of the first direction valve 3, the first port 8a of the second direction valve 8 is connected with the second port 8b of the second direction valve 8, and the third port 8c of the second direction valve 8 is connected with the fourth port 8d of the second direction valve 8.

In the energy storage working mode, the electric energy is utilized to drive the gaseous working medium to circulate, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy to be stored. And in the energy storage stage, the gaseous working medium is subjected to Brayton cycle reverse circulation. The driving mechanism 1 is started, and the reverse circulation loop of the Brayton cycle is as follows: the compressor 2, the first reversing valve 3, the first heat exchanger 4, the intermediate heat exchanger 5, the first reversing valve 3, the turbine 6, the second reversing valve 8, the second heat exchanger 9, the intermediate heat exchanger 5, the second reversing valve 8 and the compressor 2 are driven by electric power to drive the driving mechanism 1 (or the driving mechanism 1 moves under the driving of wind energy or tide), the compressor 2 is driven, and the compressor 2 works to convert electric energy into energy of high-temperature gaseous working media; the high-temperature gaseous working medium passes through the first reversing valve 3, firstly, when flowing into the first heat exchanger 4, the low-temperature working medium of the heat storage device is heated to become a medium-temperature gaseous working medium, and then the medium-temperature gaseous working medium passes through the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to heat the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the inlet of the compressor 2, so that the compression ratio of the compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of the turbine 6 are effectively reduced, the efficiency of heat exchange equipment is ensured, and the design and manufacturing difficulty of the heat exchange equipment; meanwhile, the temperature deviation of an outlet caused by the reduction of the heat exchange efficiency of the heat storage and cold storage device is reduced, and the operation stability of the system in the energy storage stage is maintained. The medium-temperature gaseous working medium flows out of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, flows to the turbine 6 after passing through the first reversing valve 3, is expanded by the turbine 6 and then is cooled to become a low-temperature gaseous working medium, the low-temperature gaseous working medium passes through the second reversing valve 8, firstly flows into the second heat exchanger 9 for cooling the high-temperature antifreeze of the cold storage device, then flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to be heated, and flows to the compressor 2 after passing through the second reversing valve 8, so that an energy storage cycle is completed.

In the energy storage working mode, the gaseous working medium performs a cycle process of compression, heat release, expansion work and heat absorption, the work of the compressor 2 is greater than that of the turbine 6, and the outside inputs electric energy to the system. The gaseous working medium absorbs heat from the working medium of the cold storage device and releases heat to the working medium of the heat storage device.

In the power generation operation mode, the first port 3a of the first direction valve 3 is connected with the fourth port 3d of the first direction valve 3, the second port 3b of the first direction valve 3 is connected with the third port 3c of the first direction valve 3, the first port 8a of the second direction valve 8 is connected with the fourth port 8d of the second direction valve 8, and the second port 8b of the second direction valve 8 is connected with the third port 8c of the second direction valve 8.

In the power generation working mode, the heat energy is utilized to drive the gaseous working medium to circulate, and the heat energy is converted into electric energy to be released. When the system discharges, the Brayton cycle reverse cycle loop is as follows: the method comprises the steps that a compressor 2, a first reversing valve 3, an intermediate heat exchanger 5, a first heat exchanger 4, a first reversing valve 3, a turbine 6, a second reversing valve 8, an intermediate heat exchanger 5, a second heat exchanger 9, a second reversing valve 8 and the compressor 2 are started, the power cycle of heat-electricity conversion is started, the process is the reverse process of electricity-heat conversion, at the moment, the work of the turbine 6 is greater than that of the compressor 2, a generator 7 is driven to generate electricity, and the system outputs power to the outside for supplying power. The low-temperature gaseous working medium is compressed to normal temperature by the compressor 2, enters the first reversing valve 3, flows through the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to become medium-temperature gaseous working medium firstly, flows through the first heat exchanger 4 to be heated, becomes high-temperature gaseous working medium, and then flows into the turbine 6 to do work by expansion. The medium-temperature gaseous working medium which does work by the turbine 6 enters the second reversing valve 8, firstly flows through the intermediate heat exchanger 5, heats the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the compressor 2, becomes the medium-temperature gaseous working medium, then flows through the second heat exchanger 9 to be cooled, and the cooled low-temperature gaseous working medium flows through the second reversing valve 8 and then enters the inlet of the compressor 2 to complete a power generation cycle. In the power generation stage, the intermediate-temperature gaseous working medium after expansion and work is heated by the intermediate heat exchanger 5, so that the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the compressor 2 is heated, the compression ratio of the compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of the turbine 6 are effectively reduced, and the efficiency and the reliability of heat exchange equipment are ensured; meanwhile, the inlet temperature of the heat storage and cold storage device is ensured to be stable, and the operation stability of the system in the power generation stage is maintained.

In the power generation working mode, the gaseous working medium performs a cycle process of compression, heat absorption, expansion work and heat release, the gaseous working medium absorbs heat from the working medium of the heat storage device and releases heat to the working medium of the cold storage device, at the moment, the work of the turbine 6 is greater than that of the compressor 2, the generator 7 is driven to generate power, and the net output function of the system to the outside is used for supplying power.

That is, because the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is designed, in the energy storage stage, the intermediate temperature gaseous working medium at the heat storage outlet is used for heating the low temperature gaseous working medium at the inlet of the compressor 2; in the power generation stage, the high-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the turbine 6 is reversed through the reversing valve, and the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the compressor 2 is heated through the reversing valve. The design reduces the compression ratio of the compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of the turbine 6, ensures the efficiency of the thermal power equipment and reduces the manufacturing difficulty; the outlet temperature deviation caused by the reduction of the heat exchange efficiency of the heat storage and cold storage device is reduced in the energy storage stage; and the inlet temperature of the heat storage and cold storage device is ensured to be stable in the power generation stage, so that the operation stability of the system in the energy storage and power generation stages is maintained.

The energy storage power generation circulating system adopts the compressor 2-heat exchanger-reversing valve-intermediate heat exchanger 5-turbine 6 to form a main device for gaseous working medium circulation, the gaseous working medium in the system is closed circulation in the energy storage and power generation stages, no emission and no pollution are caused, a clean, low-carbon, high-efficiency and energy-saving energy storage mode is realized, the same device is designed through the reversing valve to complete reciprocal electricity-heat conversion circulation and heat-electricity conversion circulation, the system structure is simplified, the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is designed to help reduce the compression ratio of the compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of the turbine 6, the efficiency of thermal power equipment is ensured, the manufacturing difficulty is reduced, and the operation stability of the system in the energy storage and power generation stages is maintained.

As shown in fig. 1, the heat storage device includes a thermocline molten salt tank 10, high-temperature molten salt is above a molten salt thermocline 11 of the molten salt tank 10, and low-temperature molten salt is below the molten salt thermocline 11 of the molten salt tank 10. The single-tank heat storage can be realized by utilizing the heat storage of the molten salt tank 10 of the thermocline, the heat storage temperature of the molten salt tank 10 is very high, electric energy can be converted into a high-grade high-temperature heat source for storage, and the heat storage efficiency and the power generation efficiency are improved conveniently. At the moment of finishing energy storage, the molten salt tank 10 is full of high-temperature molten salt from top to bottom, and the low-temperature molten salt at the bottom is completely emptied. At the time of completing system discharge, the molten salt tank 10 is full of low-temperature molten salt from bottom to top, and the upper high-temperature molten salt is completely emptied.

The upper end of the molten salt tank 10 is provided with a molten salt upper distributor 14, the lower end of the molten salt tank 10 is provided with a molten salt lower distributor 12, the molten salt upper distributor 14 and the molten salt lower distributor 12 are respectively connected with two ends of a second path of the first heat exchanger 4, a molten salt pump 30a is arranged between the molten salt tank 10 and the second path of the first heat exchanger 4, and the molten salt pump 30a is set to enable molten salt to flow into the second path of the first heat exchanger 4 from the molten salt lower distributor 12 or enable molten salt to flow into the second path of the first heat exchanger 4 from the molten salt upper distributor 14.

Since the molten salt pump 30a is provided to flow the molten salt from the molten salt lower distributor 12 into the second path of the first heat exchanger 4 or to flow the molten salt from the molten salt upper distributor 14 into the second path of the first heat exchanger 4, the molten salt tank 10 can store and release heat.

By means of the design of the upper molten salt distributor 14 and the lower molten salt distributor, the inclined molten salt temperature layer 11 is guaranteed to effectively isolate upper high-temperature molten salt and lower low-temperature molten salt, and heat storage at the high-temperature end of the system is completed after the molten salt tank 10 is filled with the high-temperature molten salt. The design of the molten salt lower distributor 12 and the molten salt upper distributor 14 reduces the mixing of high/low temperature energy storage media and the thickening of the inclined temperature layer during the operation of the inclined temperature layer; heat storage is completed in a single molten salt tank 10, so that the energy storage density is improved, and the cost is reduced. Through the design of the lower molten salt distributor 12 and the upper molten salt distributor 14, the temperature of the high-temperature end of the heat-electricity conversion system is kept constant, and the temperature stability and the working point stability of the high-temperature end of the whole system are ensured.

As shown in fig. 1, the cold storage device includes an inclined-temperature layer antifreeze solution tank 16, high-temperature antifreeze solution is above an antifreeze solution inclined-temperature layer 17 of the antifreeze solution tank 16, and low-temperature antifreeze solution is below the antifreeze solution inclined-temperature layer 17 of the antifreeze solution tank 16. The single-tank cold storage can be realized by utilizing the cold storage of the thermocline antifreeze liquid tank 16, and the cold storage temperature of the antifreeze liquid tank 16 is very low. At the time of finishing the energy storage, the antifreeze fluid tank 16 is filled with the low-temperature antifreeze fluid from bottom to top, and the high-temperature antifreeze fluid at the upper part is completely emptied. At the time of system discharge, the antifreeze fluid tank 16 is filled with high-temperature antifreeze fluid from top to bottom, and the low-temperature antifreeze fluid at the lower part is completely emptied.

An upper antifreeze distributor 18 is arranged at the upper end of the antifreeze tank 16, a lower antifreeze distributor 20 is arranged at the lower end of the antifreeze tank 16, the upper antifreeze distributor 18 and the lower antifreeze distributor 20 are respectively connected with two ends of the second path of the second heat exchanger 9, an antifreeze pump 30b is arranged between the antifreeze tank 16 and the second path of the second heat exchanger 9, and the antifreeze pump 30b is arranged to make antifreeze flow into the second path of the second heat exchanger 9 from the lower antifreeze distributor 20 or make antifreeze flow into the second path of the second heat exchanger 9 from the upper antifreeze distributor 18.

Since the antifreeze pump 30b is provided to flow the antifreeze from the antifreeze under-distributor 20 into the second path of the second heat exchanger 9 or to flow the antifreeze from the antifreeze upper distributor 18 into the second path of the second heat exchanger 9, the antifreeze tank 16 can store and discharge cold.

By the design of the upper antifreeze distributor 18 and the lower antifreeze distributor, the antifreeze thermocline 17 is ensured to effectively isolate the upper high-temperature antifreeze and the lower low-temperature antifreeze, and the cold storage at the low-temperature end of the system is completed after the antifreeze tank 16 is filled with the low-temperature antifreeze. The design of the upper antifreeze distributor 18 and the lower antifreeze distributor 20 reduces the mixing of high/low temperature energy storage media and the thickening of the inclined temperature layer during the operation of the inclined temperature layer; the cold storage is finished in the single antifreeze liquid tank 16, so that the energy storage density is improved, and the cost is reduced. Through the design of the upper antifreeze distributor 18 and the lower antifreeze distributor 20, the temperature of the low-temperature end of the heat-electricity conversion system is kept constant, and the temperature stability and the working point stability of the low-temperature end of the whole system are ensured.

That is, the energy storage device comprises a heat storage device and a cold storage device, and the heat storage device and the cold storage device are both single heat-insulating tanks with high heat preservation performance, and comprise a molten salt tank 10, an antifreeze tank 16 and an upper distributor, a lower distributor and a pump which are attached to the antifreeze tank. The heat energy is stored in the molten salt tank 10 in the form of high-temperature molten salt heat energy, and is stored in the antifreeze liquid tank 16 in the form of low-temperature antifreeze liquid heat energy.

In the energy storage working mode, the gaseous working medium performs a cycle process of compression, heat release, expansion work and heat absorption, the work of the compressor 2 is greater than that of the turbine 6, and the outside inputs electric energy to the system. The gaseous working medium absorbs heat from the antifreeze and releases heat to the molten salt. The high-temperature gaseous working medium compressed by the compressor 2 is heated by the first heat exchanger 4 to form low-temperature molten salt and high-temperature molten salt, and then the medium-temperature gaseous working medium is formed; the medium-temperature gaseous working medium passes through the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to heat the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the inlet of the compressor 2, so that the compression ratio of the compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of the turbine 6 are effectively reduced, the efficiency of heat exchange equipment is ensured, and the design and manufacturing difficulty of the heat exchange equipment is reduced; the temperature deviation of the outlet caused by the reduction of the heat exchange efficiency of the heat storage and cold storage device is reduced, and the operation stability of the system in the energy storage stage is maintained. The medium-temperature gaseous working medium is expanded by the turbine 6 and then cooled to become a low-temperature gaseous working medium, the low-temperature gaseous working medium flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 5 after passing through the heat exchanger to cool the antifreeze solution, and flows into the compressor 2 after being heated to complete an energy storage cycle.

In the energy storage operation mode, the energy storage device operates as follows:

molten salt pump 30a drives low temperature fused salt and flows out through distributor 12 under the fused salt from the bottom of molten salt jar 10, first heat exchanger 4 of flowing through, low temperature fused salt is heated and becomes high temperature fused salt, high temperature fused salt passes through distributor 14 on the fused salt, flow in the upper portion space of molten salt jar 10, distributor 12 under distributor 14 and the fused salt on the fused salt, ensure that fused salt inclined temperature layer 11 effectively keeps apart upper portion high temperature fused salt and lower part low temperature fused salt, accomplish the heat-retaining of the high temperature end of system promptly after molten salt jar 10 stores up full high temperature fused salt.

The antifreeze liquid pump 30b drives the antifreeze liquid to flow out from the upper space of the antifreeze liquid tank 16 and the antifreeze liquid upper distributor 18, the antifreeze liquid flows through the second heat exchanger 9, the high-temperature antifreeze liquid is cooled to become the low-temperature antifreeze liquid, and the antifreeze liquid flows to the lower space of the antifreeze liquid tank 16 through the antifreeze liquid lower distributor 20, so that the antifreeze liquid inclined temperature layer 17 is ensured to effectively isolate the upper high-temperature antifreeze liquid from the lower low-temperature antifreeze liquid through the design of the antifreeze liquid upper distributor 18 and the antifreeze liquid lower distributor 20, and the cold storage of the low-temperature end of the system is completed after the antifreeze liquid tank 16 is fully filled with the low-temperature antifreeze liquid.

In the power generation working mode, the gaseous working medium performs a cycle process of compression, heat absorption, expansion work and heat release, the gaseous working medium absorbs heat from the high-temperature molten salt and releases heat to the antifreeze, at the moment, the work of the turbine 6 is greater than that of the compressor 2, the generator 7 is driven to generate power, and the system outputs power to the outside in a net mode to supply power. The low-temperature gaseous working medium is compressed by the compressor 2 and then enters the first reversing valve 3, firstly flows through the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to become a medium-temperature gaseous working medium, then flows through the first heat exchanger 4 to be heated, becomes a high-temperature gaseous working medium, and then flows into the turbine 6 to do work by expansion. The medium-temperature gaseous working medium which does work by the turbine 6 enters the second reversing valve 8, firstly flows through the intermediate heat exchanger 5, heats the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the compressor 2, becomes the medium-temperature and low-temperature gaseous working medium, and then flows through the second heat exchanger 9 to be cooled, so that a power generation cycle is completed. In the power generation stage, the intermediate-temperature gaseous working medium after expansion and work is heated by the intermediate heat exchanger 5, so that the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the compressor 2 is heated, the compression ratio of the compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of the turbine 6 are effectively reduced, and the efficiency and the reliability of heat exchange equipment are ensured; meanwhile, the inlet temperature of the heat storage and cold storage device is ensured to be stable, and the operation stability of the system in the power generation stage is maintained.

In the power generation mode of operation, the energy storage device operates as follows:

second molten salt pump 15 drive high temperature fused salt flows out through fused salt upper distributor 14 from the upper portion of molten salt jar 10, flows through first heat exchanger 4, becomes low temperature fused salt after high temperature fused salt heating gaseous working medium, and low temperature fused salt passes through distributor 12 under the fused salt, flows in the lower part space of molten salt jar 10, through fused salt upper distributor 14 and lower distributor, ensures that fused salt inclined temperature layer 11 effectively keeps apart upper portion high temperature fused salt and lower part low temperature fused salt, stores up the system power generation process promptly after full low temperature fused salt when molten salt jar 10.

The antifreeze liquid pump 30b drives the antifreeze liquid to flow out from the antifreeze liquid lower distributor 20 in the lower space of the antifreeze liquid tank 16, the antifreeze liquid flows through the second heat exchanger 9, the low-temperature antifreeze liquid cools the gaseous working medium, the gaseous working medium flows to the upper space of the antifreeze liquid tank 16 after passing through the antifreeze liquid upper distributor 18, the antifreeze liquid upper distributor 18 and the antifreeze liquid lower distributor are designed to ensure that the antifreeze liquid inclined temperature layer 17 effectively isolates the upper high-temperature antifreeze liquid and the lower low-temperature antifreeze liquid, and the system power generation process is completed after the antifreeze liquid tank 16 is filled with the high-temperature antifreeze liquid.

In order to realize that the molten salt pump 30a is arranged to cause the molten salt to flow from the molten salt lower distributor 12 into the second path of the first heat exchanger 4 or to cause the molten salt to flow from the molten salt upper distributor 14 into the second path of the first heat exchanger 4, the antifreeze pump 30b is arranged to cause the antifreeze to flow from the antifreeze lower distributor 20 into the second path of the second heat exchanger 9 or to cause the antifreeze to flow from the antifreeze upper distributor 18 into the second path of the second heat exchanger 9, fig. 1 shows an embodiment.

As shown in fig. 1, the molten salt pump 30a includes: a first molten salt pump 13 and a second molten salt pump 15.

A first molten salt pump 13 and a first molten salt main valve 22 are arranged between the molten salt lower distributor 12 and the second path of the first heat exchanger 4, and a first molten salt bypass valve 23 is connected outside the first molten salt pump 13 and the first molten salt main valve 22 in parallel; a second molten salt pump 15 and a second molten salt main valve 24 are arranged between the molten salt upper distributor 14 and the second path of the first heat exchanger 4, and a second molten salt bypass valve 25 is connected outside the second molten salt pump 15 and the second molten salt main valve 24 in parallel.

In the energy storage operation mode, the first molten salt pump 13 and the first molten salt main valve 22 are opened, the first molten salt bypass valve 23 is closed, the second molten salt pump 15 and the second molten salt main valve 24 are closed, the second molten salt bypass valve 25 is opened, and the first molten salt pump 13 extracts low-temperature molten salt from the lower part of the molten salt tank 10 through the molten salt lower distributor 12 and enters the first heat exchanger 4.

In the power generation operation mode, the first molten salt pump 13 and the first molten salt main valve 22 are closed, the first molten salt bypass valve 23 is opened, the second molten salt pump 15 and the second molten salt main valve 24 are opened, the second molten salt bypass valve 25 is closed, and the second molten salt pump 15 draws high-temperature molten salt from the upper part of the molten salt tank 10 into the first heat exchanger 4 through the molten salt upper distributor 14.

The arrangement of the first molten salt pump 13, the second molten salt pump 15 and the related valve structure can realize that low-temperature molten salt or high-temperature molten salt flows into the second path of the first heat exchanger 4, and can form a better protection effect on the first molten salt pump 13 and the second molten salt pump 15.

As shown in fig. 1, the antifreeze pump 30b includes: a first antifreeze pump 21 and a second antifreeze pump 19.

A first antifreeze liquid pump 21 and a first antifreeze main valve 26 are arranged between the antifreeze liquid lower distributor 20 and the second path of the second heat exchanger 9, and a first antifreeze liquid bypass valve 27 is connected in parallel outside the first antifreeze liquid pump 21 and the first antifreeze main valve 26; a second antifreeze liquid pump 19 and a second antifreeze main valve 28 are arranged between the antifreeze upper distributor 18 and the second path of the second heat exchanger 9, and a second antifreeze bypass valve 29 is connected in parallel outside the second antifreeze liquid pump 19 and the second antifreeze main valve 28.

In the energy storage mode of operation, the first antifreeze pump 21 and the first antifreeze main valve 26 are closed, the first antifreeze bypass valve 27 is opened, the second antifreeze pump 19 and the second antifreeze main valve 28 are opened, and the second antifreeze bypass valve 29 is closed, and the second antifreeze pump 19 draws high-temperature antifreeze from the upper part of the antifreeze tank 16 through the antifreeze upper distributor 18 and enters the second heat exchanger 9.

In the power generation operation mode, the first antifreeze pump 21 and the first antifreeze main valve 26 are opened, the first antifreeze bypass valve 27 is closed, the second antifreeze pump 19 and the second antifreeze main valve 28 are closed, and the second antifreeze bypass valve 29 is opened, and the first antifreeze pump 21 draws low-temperature antifreeze from the lower portion of the antifreeze tank 16 into the second heat exchanger 9 through the antifreeze lower distributor 20.

Of course, the solution pump and the antifreeze pump 30b can also be designed in other configurations.

As shown in fig. 2, a first inlet valve 31 and a second inlet valve 32 are connected to an inlet end of the molten salt pump 30a or the antifreeze pump 30b, a first outlet valve 33 and a second outlet valve 34 are connected to an outlet end of the molten salt pump 30a or the antifreeze pump 30b, one end of the first outlet valve 33 facing away from the outlet end of the antifreeze pump 30b is connected to one end of the second inlet valve 32 facing away from the inlet end of the antifreeze pump 30b, one end of the second outlet valve 34 facing away from the outlet end of the antifreeze pump 30b is connected to one end of the first inlet valve 31 facing away from the inlet end of the antifreeze pump 30b, and a check valve may be further provided at the outlet end of the molten salt pump 30a or the antifreeze pump 30.

For the molten salt tank 10, the first inlet valve 31 and the second inlet valve 32 are connected between the molten salt upper distributor 14 and the second path of the first heat exchanger 4, or the first inlet valve 31 and the second inlet valve 32 are connected between the molten salt lower distributor 12 and the second path of the first heat exchanger 4.

For the antifreeze tank 16, the first inlet valve 31 and the second inlet valve 32 are connected between the antifreeze upper distributor 18 and the second path of the first heat exchanger 4, or the first inlet valve 31 and the second inlet valve 32 are connected between the antifreeze lower distributor 20 and the second path of the first heat exchanger 4.

Through the design of above-mentioned structure, can adjust the flow direction of fused salt and antifreeze through the state of adjusting each valve, can realize the effect of double pump promptly through the single pump.

For example, by opening the first inlet valve 31 and the first outlet valve 33 and closing the second inlet valve 32 and the second outlet valve 34, the flow of the energy storage medium from the right port to the left port in fig. 2 can be realized; closing the first inlet valve 31 and the first outlet valve 33 and opening the second inlet valve 32 and the second outlet valve 34 allows the charging medium to flow from the left end connection to the right end connection in fig. 2.

Taking the embodiment shown in fig. 1 as an example, the energy storage and power generation circulation system has an energy storage operation mode and a power generation operation mode. In the energy storage working mode, the energy storage power generation circulating system can realize electricity-heat conversion; in the power generation working mode, the energy storage power generation circulating system can realize heat-electricity conversion.

The energy storage devices (heat storage devices and cold storage devices) in the energy storage power generation circulating system are heat-insulating tanks with high heat insulation performance, the tank body is made of stainless steel or other high-temperature resistant steel and low-temperature resistant steel, and the outside of the tank body is covered with a heat insulation layer which comprises a molten salt tank 10 and an anti-freezing liquid tank 16. The heat energy is stored in the molten salt tank 10 in the form of high-temperature molten salt heat energy, and is stored in the antifreeze solution tank 16 in the form of low-temperature antifreeze solution heat energy. At the moment of finishing energy storage, the molten salt tank 10 is full of high-temperature molten salt from top to bottom, and the low-temperature molten salt at the bottom is completely emptied; the antifreeze liquid tank 16 is filled with the low-temperature antifreeze liquid from bottom to top, and the high-temperature antifreeze liquid at the upper part is completely emptied. Adopting an antifreeze with the freezing point lower than 0 ℃ as a low-temperature end cold storage medium, wherein the working temperature range of the antifreeze can be-100-10 ℃, and the antifreeze can be a methanol aqueous solution, an ethanol aqueous solution, a glycol aqueous solution, a glycerol aqueous solution and a saline aqueous solution (calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite); the low-melting-point salt (nitrate and chloride) is used as a high-temperature-end heat storage medium, so that the risk of molten salt solidification and the requirement of a system on molten salt solidification prevention are reduced. The working temperature of the anti-freezing solution is reduced, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the system is ensured, the temperature of the high-temperature end of the system is reduced, and the requirement of the system on expensive high-temperature-resistant materials is reduced.

In the energy storage working mode, the energy storage power generation circulating system drives the gaseous working medium to circulate by using electric energy, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy to be stored. And in the energy storage stage, the gaseous working medium is subjected to Brayton cycle reverse circulation. The gaseous working medium can be air, nitrogen, argon, helium, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Starting a loop of a compressor 2, a first reversing valve 3, a first heat exchanger 4, an intermediate heat exchanger 5, a first reversing valve 3, a turbine 6, a second reversing valve 8, a second heat exchanger 9, an intermediate heat exchanger 5, a second reversing valve 8 and the compressor 2, driving the compressor 2 through an electric driving motor (a driving mechanism 1), and converting electric energy into energy of a high-temperature gaseous working medium by the compressor 2; the high-temperature gaseous working medium passes through the first reversing valve 3, firstly heats the low-temperature fused salt when flowing into the first heat exchanger 4 to become a medium-temperature gaseous working medium, and then the medium-temperature gaseous working medium passes through the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to heat the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the inlet of the compressor 2, so that the compression ratio of the compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of the turbine 6 can be effectively reduced, the efficiency of the thermal power equipment is ensured, and the design and manufacturing difficulty of the thermal power equipment is reduced; the temperature deviation of an outlet caused by the reduction of the heat exchange efficiency of the heat storage and cold storage devices is reduced, and the operation stability of the system in the energy storage stage is maintained.

The medium-temperature gaseous working medium flows out of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, flows to the turbine 6 after passing through the first reversing valve 3, is expanded by the turbine 6 and then is cooled to become a low-temperature gaseous working medium, the low-temperature gaseous working medium passes through the second reversing valve 8, firstly flows into the second heat exchanger 9 for cooling the antifreeze solution, then flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to be heated, and flows to the compressor 2 after passing through the second reversing valve 8, so that an energy storage cycle is completed.

In the energy storage cycle stage, the operation mode of the energy storage device is as follows:

first molten salt pump 13 drives low temperature fused salt and flows out through distributor 12 under the fused salt from the bottom of molten salt jar 10, first heat exchanger 4 of flowing through, low temperature fused salt is heated and becomes high temperature fused salt, high temperature fused salt passes through distributor 14 on the fused salt, flow in the upper portion space of molten salt jar 10, distributor 12 under distributor 14 and the fused salt on the fused salt, ensure that fused salt inclined temperature layer 11 effectively keeps apart upper portion high temperature fused salt and lower part low temperature fused salt, accomplish the heat-retaining of the high temperature end of system promptly after molten salt jar 10 stores up full high temperature fused salt.

The second antifreeze pump 19 drives the antifreeze to flow out from the upper space of the antifreeze tank 16 and the antifreeze upper distributor 18, and flows through the second heat exchanger 9, the high-temperature antifreeze is cooled to become the low-temperature antifreeze, and flows to the lower space of the antifreeze tank 16 through the antifreeze lower distributor 20, and by the design of the antifreeze upper distributor 18 and the antifreeze lower distributor 12, the antifreeze inclined temperature layer 17 is ensured to effectively isolate the upper high-temperature antifreeze and the lower low-temperature antifreeze, and when the antifreeze tank 16 is fully filled with the low-temperature antifreeze, the cold storage at the low temperature end of the system is completed.

In a power generation working mode, when a system discharges, a loop of a compressor 2, a first reversing valve 3, an intermediate heat exchanger 5, a first heat exchanger 4, a first reversing valve 3, a turbine 6, a second reversing valve 8, an intermediate heat exchanger 5, a second heat exchanger 9, a second reversing valve 8 and the compressor 2 is started, power circulation of heat-electricity conversion is started, the process is the reverse process of electricity-heat conversion, at the moment, the work of the turbine 6 is greater than that of the compressor 2, a generator 7 is driven to generate power, and the system outputs power to the outside for supplying power. The low-temperature gaseous working medium is compressed by the compressor 2, enters the first reversing valve 3, flows through the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to become a medium-temperature gaseous working medium, flows through the first heat exchanger 4 to be heated, becomes a high-temperature gaseous working medium, and flows into the turbine 6 to do work by expansion. The medium-temperature gaseous working medium which does work by the turbine 6 enters the second reversing valve 8, firstly flows through the intermediate heat exchanger 5, heats the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the compressor 2, becomes the medium-temperature and low-temperature gaseous working medium, and then flows through the second heat exchanger 9 to be cooled, so that a power generation cycle is completed. In the power generation stage, the intermediate-temperature gaseous working medium after expansion work is heated by the intermediate heat exchanger 5, so that the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the compressor 2 is heated, the compression ratio of the compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of the turbine 6 are effectively reduced, and the efficiency and the reliability of the thermal power equipment are ensured; meanwhile, the inlet temperature of the heat storage and cold storage device is ensured to be stable, and the operation stability of the system in the power generation stage is maintained.

In the power generation cycle stage, the operation mode of the energy storage device is as follows:

At the time of completing system discharge, the molten salt tank 10 is full of low-temperature molten salt from bottom to top, and the upper high-temperature molten salt is completely emptied; the antifreeze liquid tank 16 is filled with high-temperature antifreeze liquid from top to bottom, and the low-temperature antifreeze liquid at the lower part is completely emptied. And starting the next energy storage and power generation cycle.

It should be noted again that, in the energy storage power generation circulating system of the present application, through the intermediate heat exchanger 5, in the energy storage stage, the intermediate temperature gaseous working medium at the heat storage outlet is used for heating the low temperature gaseous working medium at the inlet of the compressor 2; in the power generation stage, the high-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the turbine 6 is reversed through the reversing valve, and the low-temperature gaseous working medium at the outlet of the compressor 2 is heated through the reversing valve. The design reduces the compression ratio of the compressor 2 and the expansion ratio of the turbine 6, ensures the efficiency of the thermal power equipment and reduces the manufacturing difficulty; the outlet temperature deviation caused by the reduction of the heat exchange efficiency of the heat storage and cold storage device is reduced in the energy storage stage; and the inlet temperature of the heat storage and cold storage device is ensured to be stable in the power generation stage, so that the operation stability of the system in the energy storage and power generation stages is maintained.

The energy storage power generation circulating system takes melting point molten salt as a high-temperature end heat storage medium and takes antifreeze with a low freezing point as a low-temperature end cold storage medium. The low-melting-point molten salt reduces the risk of molten salt solidification and the requirement of a system on molten salt solidification prevention. The low-temperature end of the system adopts the low freezing point antifreeze solution, so that the temperature of the low-temperature end of the energy storage power generation system is reduced to (-100 ℃ -10 ℃), the power storage efficiency is ensured, the temperature of the high-temperature end of the system is reduced, the requirements of the system on high-temperature resistant equipment and materials are reduced, and the system cost is reduced.

The energy storage power generation circulating system provides an electricity storage mode which is generally suitable for thermal power peak regulation, stabilization of instability of power generation of renewable energy sources such as wind power or photovoltaic power generation and the like, peak shifting and valley filling, and alleviation of the problems of wind abandonment and light abandonment.

In summary, the energy storage and power generation circulating system provided by the application aims at the limitation of the existing fused salt energy storage technology and provides an energy storage and power generation circulating system with intermediate heat recovery capability, single-tank fused salt heat storage, single-tank antifreeze liquid cold storage and an intermediate heat exchanger 5 are utilized to stabilize the temperature of the high-temperature end and the low-temperature end of the system, the energy conversion efficiency is high, the system is safe, economical, clean and low-carbon, the technical scheme adopts a single tank body to store high-temperature fused salt and low-temperature fused salt simultaneously and adopts a single tank body to store high-temperature antifreeze liquid and low-temperature antifreeze liquid simultaneously, and the same set of device system realizes; the temperature difference between the high temperature end and the low temperature end of the thermal power cycle is effectively maintained by utilizing the single-tank inclined temperature layer technology, and the energy storage density is improved; the high-efficiency heat exchange in the energy storage cycle and the power generation cycle is realized by adopting the same set of heat exchange device and circulation in the opposite direction; the reversing valve is used for changing the flow direction, the intermediate heat exchanger 5 stabilizes the temperature of the high-temperature end and the low-temperature end of the system, properly reduces the compression ratio, maintains the stable operation of the system and improves the efficiency of the system. Through the forward-backward circulation of the same thermal power device, the single-tank heat/cold storage device and the heat exchange device, the system structure is simplified, the energy storage density is improved, the energy conversion efficiency is ensured, and the cost of the thermal power equipment and the cost of the energy storage device are reduced. Through the energy storage power generation circulating system with the intermediate heat recovery capability, the instability of power generation of renewable energy sources such as wind power or photovoltaic power generation and the like is stabilized, the stable power output of the renewable energy sources is realized, the problem of wind abandonment and light abandonment is relieved, and peak regulation, off-peak power utilization and the like of a thermal power plant are realized.

In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy storage and power generation cycle system, comprising: the system comprises a heat storage device, a cold storage device, a driving mechanism, a compressor, a first reversing valve, a first heat exchanger, an intermediate heat exchanger, a turbine, a generator, a second reversing valve and a second heat exchanger; wherein

The driving mechanism is in power coupling connection with the compressor, and the turbine is in power coupling connection with the generator;

the air outlet end of the compressor, the first path of the first heat exchanger, the air inlet end of the turbine and the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger are respectively connected with four valve ports of the first reversing valve, and the first path of the first heat exchanger is connected with the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger;

the air outlet end of the turbine, the first path of the second heat exchanger, the air inlet end of the compressor and the second path of the intermediate heat exchanger are respectively connected with four valve ports of the second reversing valve, and the first path of the second heat exchanger is connected with the second path of the intermediate heat exchanger;

the heat storage device is connected with the second path of the first heat exchanger, and the cold storage device is connected with the second path of the second heat exchanger.

2. The energy storage and power generation cycle system of claim 1, wherein the compressor is coupled to the turbine in a power coupling manner and rotates synchronously.

3. An energy storage and power generation cycle system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the heat storage device comprises a thermocline molten salt tank.

4. An energy storage and power generation circulating system according to claim 3, wherein an upper molten salt distributor is arranged at the upper end of the molten salt tank, a lower molten salt distributor is arranged at the lower end of the molten salt tank, the upper molten salt distributor and the lower molten salt distributor are respectively connected with two ends of the second path of the first heat exchanger, a molten salt pump is arranged between the molten salt tank and the second path of the first heat exchanger, and the molten salt pump is set to enable molten salt to flow into the second path of the first heat exchanger from the lower molten salt distributor or enable molten salt to flow into the second path of the first heat exchanger from the upper molten salt distributor.

5. An energy storage and power generation cycle system according to claim 4, wherein the molten salt pump comprises:

the first molten salt pump and a first molten salt main valve are arranged between the molten salt lower distributor and the second path of the first heat exchanger, and a first molten salt bypass valve is connected outside the first molten salt pump and the first molten salt main valve in parallel;

and a second molten salt pump, wherein a second molten salt main valve is arranged between the molten salt upper distributor and the second path of the first heat exchanger, and a second molten salt bypass valve is connected outside the second molten salt pump and the second molten salt main valve in parallel.

6. An energy storage and power generation circulation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cold storage device comprises an inclined temperature layer antifreeze tank.

7. The energy storage and power generation circulating system of claim 6, wherein an upper antifreeze distributor is arranged at the upper end of the antifreeze tank, a lower antifreeze distributor is arranged at the lower end of the antifreeze tank, the upper antifreeze distributor and the lower antifreeze distributor are respectively connected with two ends of the second path of the second heat exchanger, an antifreeze liquid pump is arranged between the antifreeze tank and the second path of the second heat exchanger, and the antifreeze liquid pump is configured to make antifreeze liquid flow into the second path of the second heat exchanger from the lower antifreeze distributor or make antifreeze liquid flow into the second path of the second heat exchanger from the upper antifreeze distributor.

8. An energy storage and power generation cycle system according to claim 7, wherein the antifreeze pump comprises:

the first antifreeze liquid pump and the first antifreeze main valve are arranged between the antifreeze liquid lower distributor and the second path of the second heat exchanger, and a first antifreeze bypass valve is connected outside the first antifreeze liquid pump and the first antifreeze main valve in parallel;

and a second antifreeze liquid pump and a second antifreeze main valve are arranged between the antifreeze upper distributor and the second path of the second heat exchanger, and a second antifreeze bypass valve is connected outside the second antifreeze liquid pump and the second antifreeze main valve in parallel.

9. An energy storage and power generation circulating system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas outlet end of the compressor is connected with the first valve port of the first reversing valve, the second valve port of the first reversing valve is connected with the first path of the first heat exchanger, the first path of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with the fourth valve port of the first reversing valve, and the third valve port of the first reversing valve is connected with the gas inlet end of the turbine;

the air outlet end of the turbine is connected with a first valve port of the second reversing valve, a second valve port of the second reversing valve is connected with a first path of the second heat exchanger, a second path of the intermediate heat exchanger is connected with a fourth valve port of the second reversing valve, and a third valve port of the second reversing valve is connected with the air inlet end of the compressor.

10. The energy storage and power generation cycle system of claim 9, wherein the energy storage and power generation cycle system has an energy storage mode of operation and a power generation mode of operation;

in an energy storage working mode, the first port of the first reversing valve is connected with the second port of the first reversing valve, the third port of the first reversing valve is connected with the fourth port of the first reversing valve, the first port of the second reversing valve is connected with the second port of the second reversing valve, and the third port of the second reversing valve is connected with the fourth port of the second reversing valve;

in a power generation working mode, the first port of the first reversing valve is connected with the fourth port of the first reversing valve, the second port of the first reversing valve is connected with the third port of the first reversing valve, the first port of the second reversing valve is connected with the fourth port of the second reversing valve, and the second port of the second reversing valve is connected with the third port of the second reversing valve.