CN114991896A - Closed type circulating energy storage system and method - Google Patents
Closed type circulating energy storage system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114991896A CN114991896A CN202210636680.0A CN202210636680A CN114991896A CN 114991896 A CN114991896 A CN 114991896A CN 202210636680 A CN202210636680 A CN 202210636680A CN 114991896 A CN114991896 A CN 114991896A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The invention discloses a closed cycle energy storage system and a method, wherein a cooling and cold accumulation liquefaction system is connected with a compressor, and the compressor is communicated with a cooler; the cooler is connected with an inlet of the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system, an outlet of the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system is connected with the liquid centrifugal pump, the liquid centrifugal pump is connected with the circulating water heater, the circulating water heater is connected with the heater, the heater is connected with the expander, the expander is connected with the condenser, and the condenser is connected with the cooling and cold accumulation liquefaction system; the heat storage tank is connected with the cooler, the heat storage tank is connected with the heater, the heater is connected with the cold storage tank, and the cold storage tank is connected with the cooler; the circulating pump is connected with the cold and hot heat storage water tank, the circulating pump is connected with the condenser, the condenser is connected with the circulating water heater, and the circulating water heater is connected with the cold and hot heat storage water tank. The invention can meet the requirements of energy storage and deep peak regulation on the power supply side and has the characteristics of higher safety and economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of physical energy storage, and relates to a closed cycle energy storage system and a method.
Background
With the increasing occupation ratio of new energy in an electric power system, problems such as large fluctuation of new energy output, great difficulty in power balance and operation control, difficulty in consumption when the generated energy of the new energy is large, occupation of a conventional power supply space, outstanding contradiction between consumption and safety and the like can bring great challenges to the electric power system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a closed-cycle energy storage system and a closed-cycle energy storage method, which can meet the requirements of energy storage and deep peak regulation on a power supply side and have the characteristics of high safety and high economical efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a closed circulation energy storage system comprises a compressor, a cooler, a low-temperature expansion liquefaction system, a liquid centrifugal pump, a circulating water heater, a heater, an expander, a condenser, a cold and hot heat storage water tank, a circulating pump, a heat storage tank, a cold storage tank and a cooling and cold storage liquefaction system, wherein a carbon dioxide gas outlet of the cooling and cold storage liquefaction system is connected with an inlet of the compressor, and an outlet of the compressor is communicated with a heat absorption side inlet of the cooler; the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system can convert carbon dioxide gas into liquid carbon dioxide, an outlet of a heat absorption side of the cooler is connected with a carbon dioxide gas inlet of the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system, a carbon dioxide liquid outlet of the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system is connected with an inlet of the liquid centrifugal pump, an outlet of the liquid centrifugal pump is connected with a cold inlet of the circulating water heater, a cold outlet of the circulating water heater is connected with a cold inlet of the heater, a cold outlet of the heater is connected with an inlet of the expander, an outlet of the expander is connected with a heat inlet of the condenser, and a heat outlet of the condenser is connected with a carbon dioxide inlet of the cooling and cold accumulation liquefaction system;
the inlet of the heat storage tank is connected with the cold outlet of the cooler, the outlet of the heat storage tank is connected with the hot inlet of the heater, the hot outlet of the heater is connected with the inlet of the cold storage tank, and the outlet of the cold storage tank is connected with the cold inlet of the cooler;
the inlet of the circulating pump is connected with the outlet of the cold and hot heat storage water tank, the outlet of the circulating pump is connected with the cold inlet of the condenser, the cold outlet of the condenser is connected with the hot inlet of the circulating water heater, and the hot outlet of the circulating water heater is connected with the inlet of the cold and hot heat storage water tank.
Preferably, the compressor comprises a first-stage compressor and a second-stage compressor, the cooler comprises a first-stage intercooler and a second-stage intercooler, an outlet of the first-stage compressor is communicated with an inlet of a heat absorption side of the first-stage intercooler, an outlet of the discharge side of the first-stage intercooler is communicated with an inlet of the second-stage compressor, an outlet of the second-stage compressor is communicated with an inlet of the heat absorption side of the second-stage intercooler, and an outlet of the heat absorption side of the second-stage intercooler is communicated with an inlet of a low-temperature expansion liquefaction system;
the inlet of the heat storage tank is communicated with the cold outlets of the primary interstage cooler and the secondary interstage cooler, the outlet of the heat storage tank is connected with the hot inlet of the heater, the hot outlet of the heater is connected with the inlet of the cold storage tank, and the outlet of the cold storage tank is communicated with the cold inlets of the primary interstage cooler and the secondary interstage cooler.
Preferably, the expander comprises a primary expander and a secondary expander, the heater comprises a primary heater and a secondary heater, a cold outlet of the circulating water heater is connected with a cold inlet of the primary heater, a cold outlet of the primary heater is connected with an inlet of the primary expander, an outlet of the primary expander is connected with a cold inlet of the secondary heater, a cold outlet of the secondary heater is connected with an inlet of the secondary expander, and an outlet of the secondary expander is connected with a hot inlet of the condenser; the outlet of the heat storage tank is communicated with the heat inlets of the primary heater and the secondary heater, and the heat outlets of the primary heater and the secondary heater are communicated with the inlet of the cold storage tank.
Preferably, the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system comprises a low-temperature expansion machine, a first throttling valve and a first liquid storage tank; an outlet of a heat absorption side of the cooler is connected with an inlet of a low-temperature expansion machine, an outlet of the low-temperature expansion machine is connected to a first liquid storage tank, a first throttling valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the low-temperature expansion machine and the first liquid storage tank, and an outlet of the first liquid storage tank is connected with an inlet of a liquid centrifugal pump.
Preferably, the cooling cold-storage liquefaction system comprises a deep cold accumulator and a second liquid storage tank, a heat outlet of the condenser is connected with a heat absorption side inlet of the deep cold accumulator, a heat absorption side outlet of the deep cold accumulator is communicated with an inlet of the second liquid storage tank, an outlet of the second liquid storage tank is connected with a heat release side inlet of the deep cold accumulator, a second throttle valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline, and a heat release side outlet of the deep cold accumulator is connected with an inlet of the expansion machine.
The invention also provides a closed cycle energy storage method, which is carried out by adopting the closed cycle energy storage system, and comprises the following processes:
when the power supply side needs to store energy, the cooling and cold storage liquefaction system provides gaseous CO for the compressor 2 The compressor converts the gaseous CO 2 Compressing and heating up, exchanging heat of the compressed and heated up compression heat through a cooler and storing the heat in a heat storage tank, and exchanging heat of gaseous CO through the cooler 2 Is converted into liquid CO through a low-temperature expansion liquefaction system 2 And storing; when the compressed heat after being compressed and heated exchanges heat through the cooler, the cold working medium at the outlet of the cold accumulation tank enters the heat releasing side of the cooler to absorb heat and then enters the heat accumulation tank to accumulate heat;
when the power supply side needs to generate power and supply power, the compressor stops working, and the liquid centrifugal pump enables the liquid CO stored in the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system to be in a liquid state 2 Liquid CO delivered to circulating water heater and entering circulating water heater 2 After heat exchange and temperature rise, the gas becomes gaseous CO 2 Then gaseous CO 2 Heating by a heater, sending to an expander to do work and generate power, and discharging gaseous CO at the outlet of the expander 2 The cooled cold-storage liquefied gas enters a cooling cold-storage liquefaction system for cooling and liquefaction storage after passing through the heat absorption side of the condenser; the heat storage tank conveys hot working medium to the heat release side of the cooler to treat gaseous CO 2 Heating, wherein the hot working medium after heat release in the cooler enters the cold storage tank through an outlet at the heat release side of the cooler; the circulating pump will cool and heatThe water in the heat storage water tank is pumped into the heat release side of the condenser to absorb heat, and the heated water enters the heat absorption side of the circulating water heater to absorb liquid CO at the heat release side of the circulating water heater 2 Heated to become gaseous CO 2 And then the water on the heat absorption side of the circulating water heater enters the cold and hot heat storage water tank.
Preferably, the cooling and cold accumulation liquefaction system provides gaseous CO for the compressor 2 The pressure is 0.6-0.8 MPa, the temperature is 10-20 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the compressor 2 Gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat absorption side of the cooler, with the pressure of 14-15MPa and the temperature of 150-160 DEG C 2 Liquid CO stored in a low-temperature expansion liquefaction system at the pressure of 14-15MPa and the temperature of 50-60 DEG C 2 The pressure is 0.55-0.6 MPa, the temperature is-53 to-55 ℃, and liquid CO at the outlet of the liquid centrifugal pump 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is-40 to-50 ℃, and gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the circulating water heater 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is 10-15 ℃, and gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the cooler 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is 140-155 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the expansion machine 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, the temperature is 65-75 ℃, and gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the condenser 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the water temperature at the heat release side outlet of the condenser is 20-65 ℃, and the water temperature at the heat absorption side outlet of the circulating water heater is 15-20 ℃.
Preferably: the compressor comprises a first-stage compressor and a second-stage compressor, the cooler comprises a first-stage intercooler and a second-stage intercooler, an outlet of the first-stage compressor is communicated with an inlet of a heat absorption side of the first-stage intercooler, an outlet of the heat absorption side of the first-stage intercooler is communicated with an inlet of the second-stage compressor, an outlet of the second-stage compressor is communicated with an inlet of the heat absorption side of the second-stage intercooler, and an outlet of the heat absorption side of the second-stage intercooler is communicated with an inlet of the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system; the inlet of the heat storage tank is communicated with the cold outlets of the primary interstage cooler and the secondary interstage cooler, the outlet of the heat storage tank is connected with the hot inlet of the heater, the hot outlet of the heater is connected with the inlet of the cold storage tank, and the outlet of the cold storage tank is communicated with the cold inlets of the primary interstage cooler and the secondary interstage cooler;
gaseous CO at the outlet of the primary compressor 2 The pressure is 2.88-3 MPa, the temperature is 140-155 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat absorption side of the primary interstage cooler 2 The pressure is 2.88-3 MPa, the temperature is 15-25 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the secondary compressor 2 Gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat absorption side of the secondary interstage cooler, with the pressure of 14-15MPa and the temperature of 150-160 DEG C 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, and the temperature is 50-60 ℃;
preferably: the expansion machine comprises a primary expansion machine and a secondary expansion machine, the heater comprises a primary heater and a secondary heater, a cold outlet of the circulating water heater is connected with a cold inlet of the primary heater, a cold outlet of the primary heater is connected with an inlet of the primary expansion machine, an outlet of the primary expansion machine is connected with a cold inlet of the secondary heater, a cold outlet of the secondary heater is connected with an inlet of the secondary expansion machine, and an outlet of the secondary expansion machine is connected with a hot inlet of the condenser; the outlet of the heat storage tank is communicated with the heat inlets of the primary heater and the secondary heater, and the heat outlets of the primary heater and the secondary heater are communicated with the inlet of the cold storage tank;
gaseous CO at heat release side outlet of primary heater 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is 140-155 ℃, and gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the secondary heater 2 The pressure is 3.5-4 MPa, the temperature is 150-165 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the secondary expander 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, and the temperature is 65-75 ℃.
Preferably: the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system comprises a low-temperature expander, a first throttling valve and a first liquid storage tank; an outlet of a heat absorption side of the cooler is connected with an inlet of a low-temperature expansion machine, an outlet of the low-temperature expansion machine is connected to a first liquid storage tank, a first throttling valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the low-temperature expansion machine and the first liquid storage tank, and an outlet of the first liquid storage tank is connected with an inlet of a liquid centrifugal pump; liquid CO at the outlet of the low-temperature expander 2 The pressure is 1.2-1.5 MPa, the temperature is-40 to-60 ℃, and liquid CO at the outlet of the first throttle valve 2 The pressure is 0.55-0.6 MPa, and the temperature is-53 to-55 ℃;
the cooling cold-storage liquefying system comprises a deep cold-storage device, a second liquid storage tank, a heat outlet of a condenser and a deep cold-storage tankThe heat absorption side inlet of the deep cold accumulator is connected, the heat absorption side outlet of the deep cold accumulator is communicated with the inlet of the second liquid storage tank, the outlet of the second liquid storage tank is connected with the heat release side inlet of the deep cold accumulator, a second throttle valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline, and the heat release side outlet of the deep cold accumulator is connected with the inlet of the expander; gaseous CO at heat absorption side inlet of deep cold accumulator 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the outlet of the heat absorption side of the deep regenerator is liquid CO 2 The liquid CO 2 The pressure is 0.9-1 MPa, the temperature is-42 to-40 ℃, and CO stored in the second liquid storage tank 2 The pressure is 0.9-1 MPa, the temperature is-42 to-40 ℃, and liquid CO at the outlet of the second throttle valve 2 Gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat release side of the deep cold accumulator, with the pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa and the temperature of-38 to-35 DEG C 2 The pressure is 0.6-0.8 MPa, and the temperature is 10-20 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the closed cycle energy storage system and the method are specifically operated, the CO is compressed by utilizing the valley excess electricity quantity 2 Energy storage is realized, power supply side energy storage and peak shaving are realized, the power supply side is always in stable operation, potential hazards brought to a unit and auxiliary equipment by deep peak shaving quick variable load are solved, and specifically, when the power supply side needs deep peak shaving, the compressor and the cooler are used for carrying out deep peak shaving on CO 2 Compressing and heating up, compressing and heating up CO 2 Converting gas state into liquid state by low temperature expansion liquefaction system, storing, and storing liquid CO 2 The volume is small, the storage is easy, the restriction caused by the storage of compressed air is thoroughly solved, the electric energy is consumed, and the deep peak regulation is realized. In addition, when the power supply side needs to generate power and supply power, the thermal working medium and the liquid stored in the heat storage tank are used for generating power through the heating expansion power generation system, stable electric quantity can be rapidly provided for the outside, and the device has the characteristics of simple system, rapid reaction, strong energy storage capacity and large deep peak regulation potential, and meanwhile, the device is high in safety and economical efficiency, and the electricity-electricity conversion efficiency can reach more than 70%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a closed cycle energy storage system according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a first-stage compressor, 2 is a first-stage interstage cooler, 3 is a second-stage compressor, 4 is a second-stage interstage cooler, 5 is a low-temperature expander, 6 is a first throttle valve, 7 is a first liquid storage tank, 8 is a heat storage tank, 9 is a heat storage tank, 10 is a liquid centrifugal pump, 11 is a circulating water heater, 12 is a first-stage heater, 13 is a first-stage expander, 14 is a second-stage heater, 15 is a second-stage expander, 16 is a condenser, 17 is a cold and hot heat storage water tank, 18 is a circulating pump, 19 is a deep cooling heat storage tank, 20 is a second throttle valve, and 21 is a second liquid storage tank.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the closed cycle energy storage system of the present invention comprises a compressor, a cooler, a low temperature expansion liquefaction system, a liquid centrifugal pump 10, a circulating water heater 11, a heater, an expander, a condenser 16, a cold and hot heat storage water tank 17, a circulating pump 18, a heat storage tank 8, a cold storage tank 9 and a cooling and cold storage liquefaction system, wherein the cooling and cold storage liquefaction system comprises a deep cold storage 19 and a second liquid storage tank 21, a heat outlet of the condenser 16 is connected with a heat absorption side inlet of the deep cold storage 19, a heat absorption side outlet of the deep cold storage 19 is communicated with an inlet of the second liquid storage tank 21, an outlet of the second liquid storage tank 21 is connected with a heat release side inlet of the deep cold storage 19, and a second throttle valve 20 is arranged on a connecting pipeline; the compressor comprises a primary compressor 1 and a secondary compressor 3, the coolers comprise a primary interstage cooler 2 and a secondary interstage cooler 4, an outlet of a heat release side of the deep cold accumulator 19 is connected with an inlet of the primary compressor 1, an outlet of the primary compressor 1 is communicated with an inlet of a heat absorption side of the primary interstage cooler 2, an outlet of the heat absorption side of the primary interstage cooler 2 is communicated with an inlet of the secondary compressor 3, an outlet of the secondary compressor 3 is communicated with an inlet of the heat absorption side of the secondary interstage cooler 4, and the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system comprises a low-temperature expansion machine 5, a first throttle valve 6 and a first liquid storage tank 7; an outlet of a heat absorption side of the secondary interstage cooler 4 is communicated with an inlet of a low-temperature expansion machine 5, an outlet of the low-temperature expansion machine 5 is connected to a first liquid storage tank 7, a first throttling valve 6 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the low-temperature expansion machine 5 and the first liquid storage tank 7, and an outlet of the first liquid storage tank 7 is connected with an inlet of a liquid centrifugal pump 10; an inlet of the heat storage tank 8 is communicated with cold outlets of the primary interstage cooler 2 and the secondary interstage cooler 4, an outlet of the heat storage tank 8 is connected with a hot inlet of the heater, a hot outlet of the heater is connected with an inlet of the cold storage tank 9, and an outlet of the cold storage tank 9 is communicated with cold inlets of the primary interstage cooler 2 and the secondary interstage cooler 4; a carbon dioxide liquid outlet of the first liquid storage tank 7 is connected with an inlet of a liquid centrifugal pump 10, and an outlet of the liquid centrifugal pump 10 is connected with a cold inlet of a circulating water heater 11; the expansion machine comprises a primary expansion machine 13 and a secondary expansion machine 15, the heaters comprise a primary heater 12 and a secondary heater 14, a cold outlet of a circulating water heater 11 is connected with a cold inlet of the primary heater 12, a cold outlet of the primary heater 12 is connected with an inlet of the primary expansion machine 13, an outlet of the primary expansion machine 13 is connected with a cold inlet of the secondary heater 14, a cold outlet of the secondary heater 14 is connected with an inlet of the secondary expansion machine 15, and an outlet of the secondary expansion machine 15 is connected with a hot inlet of a condenser 16; the outlet of the heat storage tank 8 is communicated with the heat inlets of the primary heater 12 and the secondary heater 14, and the heat outlets of the primary heater 12 and the secondary heater 14 are communicated with the inlet of the cold storage tank 9; an inlet of the circulating pump 18 is connected with an outlet of the hot and cold heat storage water tank 17, an outlet of the circulating pump 18 is connected with a cold inlet of the condenser 16, a cold outlet of the condenser 16 is connected with a hot inlet of the circulating water heater 11, and a hot outlet of the circulating water heater 11 is connected with an inlet of the hot and cold heat storage water tank 17.
The working method of the closed cycle energy storage system comprises the following steps:
when the power supply side needs to store energy, the liquid CO in the second liquid storage tank 21 2 After being reduced in pressure by a second throttle valve, enters the heat release side of the deep cold accumulator 19 to be heated and heated to become gaseous CO 2 The deep regenerator 19 supplies gaseous CO to the primary compressor 1 2 First stage compressor 1 and second stage compressor 3 for gaseous CO 2 Gradually compressing and heating, exchanging heat by the first-stage interstage cooler 2 and the second-stage interstage cooler 4, storing in the heat storage tank 8, and exchanging heat by the gaseous CO through the coolers 2 Is converted into liquid CO through a low-temperature expander 5 2 Liquid CO 2 The pressure is reduced by a first throttle valve and then stored in a first liquid storage tank 7; heat of compression after compression temperature riseWhen heat exchange is carried out through the primary interstage cooler 2 and the secondary interstage cooler 4, cold working media at the outlet of the cold accumulation tank 9 enter the heat release side of the primary interstage cooler 2 and the heat absorption side of the secondary interstage cooler 4 to absorb heat and then enter the heat accumulation tank 8 to accumulate heat;
when the power supply side needs power generation and supply, the primary compressor 1 and the secondary compressor 3 stop working, and the liquid centrifugal pump 10 stores the liquid CO in the first liquid storage tank 7 2 Liquid CO delivered to circulating water heater 11 and entering circulating water heater 11 2 After heat exchange and temperature rise, the gas becomes gaseous CO 2 Then gaseous CO 2 Then heated by a first-stage heater 12 and sent to a first-stage expander 13 to do work and generate power, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the first-stage expander 13 2 Then heated by a secondary heater 14 to raise the temperature, and sent to a secondary expansion machine 15 to do work and generate power, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the secondary expansion machine 15 2 The gas CO enters the heat absorption side of the deep cold accumulator 19 for cooling storage after passing through the heat absorption side of the condenser 16, and the gas CO enters the deep cold accumulator 19 2 The heat is released and then stored in a second liquid storage tank 21 in a liquid state; the heat storage tank 8 delivers a hot working fluid to the heat release sides of the primary heater 12 and the secondary heater 14 to supply gaseous CO to the primary expander 13 and the secondary expander 15 2 Heating is carried out, and the hot working medium after heat release in the primary heater 12 and the secondary heater 14 enters the cold storage tank 9 through the heat release side outlets of the primary heater 12 and the secondary heater 14; the circulating pump 18 pumps the water in the hot and cold water storage tank 17 into the heat release side of the condenser 16 for heat absorption, and the heated water enters the heat absorption side of the circulating water heater 11 to absorb the liquid CO at the heat absorption side of the circulating water heater 11 2 Heated to become gaseous CO 2 Then, the water at the heat absorption side of the circulating water heater 11 enters the hot and cold heat storage water tank 17 again.
In the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat-releasing side of the deep regenerator 19 2 The pressure is 0.6-0.8 MPa, the temperature is 10-20 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the primary compressor 1 2 The pressure is 2.88-3 MPa, the temperature is 140-155 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat absorption side of the primary interstage cooler 2 2 The pressure is 2.88-3 MPa, the temperature is 15-25 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the secondary compressor 3 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa,The temperature is 150-160 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat absorption side of the secondary interstage cooler 4 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, and the temperature is 50-60 ℃; liquid CO at the outlet of the low-temperature expander 5 2 The pressure is 1.2-1.5 MPa, the temperature is-40 to-60 ℃, and liquid CO at the outlet of the first throttle valve 6 2 The pressure is 0.55-0.6 MPa, and the temperature is-53 to-55 ℃; liquid CO stored in the first liquid storage tank 7 2 The pressure is 0.55-0.6 MPa, the temperature is-53 to-55 ℃, and the liquid CO at the outlet of the liquid centrifugal pump 10 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is-40 to-50 ℃, and gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the circulating water heater 11 2 Gaseous CO at the outlet of the 12-side hot side of the primary heater, with the pressure of 14-15MPa and the temperature of 10-15 DEG C 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is 140-155 ℃, and gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the secondary heater 14 2 The pressure is 3.5-4 MPa, the temperature is 150-165 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the secondary expansion machine 15 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, the temperature is 65-75 ℃, and gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the condenser 16 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the water temperature at the heat release side outlet of the condenser 16 is 20-65 ℃, the water temperature at the heat absorption side outlet of the circulating water heater 11 is 15-20 ℃, and the gaseous CO at the heat release side inlet of the deep cold accumulator 19 is gaseous CO 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and liquid CO is discharged from the heat release side of the deep regenerator 19 2 The pressure is 0.9-1 MPa, the temperature is-42-40 ℃, and CO stored in the second liquid storage tank 21 2 The pressure is 0.9-1 MPa, the temperature is-42 to-40 ℃, and liquid CO at the outlet of the second throttle valve 20 2 The pressure is 0.6-0.8 MPa, the temperature is-38 to-35 ℃, and the gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat absorption side of the deep cold accumulator 19 2 The pressure is 0.6-0.8 MPa, and the temperature is 10-20 ℃. The temperature of water in the hot and cold heat storage water tank 17 is 15-20 ℃.
The invention utilizes CO 2 Special rerum natura parameter provides a closed cycle energy storage system, and its characteristics have: low pressure of gas storage chamber, compressed CO in gas storage chamber 2 The energy storage density is high; the volume of the air storage chamber is far smaller than that of the conventional gaseous compressed air energy storage, is about 30 percent of that of a conventional compressed air energy storage power station, can be flexibly arranged and is not limited by the terrain; compared with the conventional compressed air energy storage, no matter from electricity to electricity conversionThe efficiency, the energy storage density and the volume of the air storage chamber are far superior to those of the conventional compressed air energy storage.
Claims (10)
1. A closed circulation energy storage system is characterized by comprising a compressor, a cooler, a low-temperature expansion liquefaction system, a liquid centrifugal pump (10), a circulating water heater (11), a heater, an expander, a condenser (16), a cold and hot heat storage water tank (17), a circulating pump (18), a heat storage tank (8), a cold storage tank (9) and a cooling and cold storage liquefaction system, wherein a carbon dioxide gas outlet of the cooling and cold storage liquefaction system is connected with an inlet of the compressor, and an outlet of the compressor is communicated with a heat absorption side inlet of the cooler; the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system can convert carbon dioxide gas into liquid carbon dioxide, an outlet on the heat absorption side of the cooler is connected with a carbon dioxide gas inlet of the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system, a carbon dioxide liquid outlet of the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system is connected with an inlet of a liquid centrifugal pump (10), an outlet of the liquid centrifugal pump (10) is connected with a cold inlet of a circulating water heater (11), a cold outlet of the circulating water heater (11) is connected with a cold inlet of the heater, a cold outlet of the heater is connected with an inlet of an expander, an outlet of the expander is connected with a heat inlet of a condenser (16), and a heat outlet of the condenser (16) is connected with a carbon dioxide inlet of the cooling and cold accumulation liquefaction system;
an inlet of the heat storage tank (8) is connected with a cold outlet of the cooler, an outlet of the heat storage tank (8) is connected with a hot inlet of the heater, a hot outlet of the heater is connected with an inlet of the heat storage tank (9), and an outlet of the heat storage tank (9) is connected with a cold inlet of the cooler;
the inlet of the circulating pump (18) is connected with the outlet of the cold and hot heat storage water tank (17), the outlet of the circulating pump (18) is connected with the cold inlet of the condenser (16), the cold outlet of the condenser (16) is connected with the hot inlet of the circulating water heater (11), and the hot outlet of the circulating water heater (11) is connected with the inlet of the cold and hot heat storage water tank (17).
2. The closed cycle energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the compressor comprises a first-stage compressor (1) and a second-stage compressor (3), the cooler comprises a first-stage interstage cooler (2) and a second-stage interstage cooler (4), an outlet of the first-stage compressor (1) is communicated with an inlet of a heat absorption side of the first-stage interstage cooler (2), an outlet of the heat absorption side of the first-stage interstage cooler (2) is communicated with an inlet of the second-stage compressor (3), an outlet of the second-stage compressor (3) is communicated with an inlet of the heat absorption side of the second-stage cooler (4), and an outlet of the heat absorption side of the second-stage cooler (4) is communicated with an inlet of the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system;
an inlet of the heat storage tank (8) is communicated with cold outlets of the first-stage interstage cooler (2) and the second-stage interstage cooler (4), an outlet of the heat storage tank (8) is connected with a hot inlet of the heater, a hot outlet of the heater is connected with an inlet of the heat storage tank (9), and an outlet of the heat storage tank (9) is communicated with cold inlets of the first-stage interstage cooler (2) and the second-stage interstage cooler (4).
3. A closed cycle energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein the expander comprises a primary expander (13) and a secondary expander (15), the heaters comprise a primary heater (12) and a secondary heater (14), the cold outlet of the circulating water heater (11) is connected to the cold inlet of the primary heater (12), the cold outlet of the primary heater (12) is connected to the inlet of the primary expander (13), the outlet of the primary expander (13) is connected to the cold inlet of the secondary heater (14), the cold outlet of the secondary heater (14) is connected to the inlet of the secondary expander (15), and the outlet of the secondary expander (15) is connected to the hot inlet of the condenser (16); the outlet of the heat storage tank (8) is communicated with the heat inlets of the primary heater (12) and the secondary heater (14), and the heat outlets of the primary heater (12) and the secondary heater (14) are communicated with the inlet of the heat storage tank (9).
4. A closed cycle energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the cryogenic expansion liquefaction system comprises a cryogenic expander (5), a first throttling valve (6) and a first liquid storage tank (7); an outlet of a heat absorption side of the cooler is connected with an inlet of a low-temperature expansion machine (5), an outlet of the low-temperature expansion machine (5) is connected to a first liquid storage tank (7), a first throttling valve (6) is arranged on a pipeline connecting the low-temperature expansion machine (5) and the first liquid storage tank (7), and an outlet of the first liquid storage tank (7) is connected with an inlet of a liquid centrifugal pump (10).
5. The closed cycle energy storage system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature reduction and cold accumulation liquefaction system comprises a deep cold accumulator (19) and a second liquid storage tank (21), a heat outlet of the condenser (16) is connected with a heat absorption side inlet of the deep cold accumulator (19), a heat absorption side outlet of the deep cold accumulator (19) is communicated with an inlet of the second liquid storage tank (21), an outlet of the second liquid storage tank (21) is connected with a heat release side inlet of the deep cold accumulator (19) and a second throttle valve (20) is arranged on a connecting pipeline, and a heat release side outlet of the deep cold accumulator (19) is connected with an inlet of an expander.
6. A closed cycle energy storage method, characterized in that the method is carried out by using the closed cycle energy storage system of any one of claims 1-5, and comprises the following processes:
when the power supply side needs to store energy, the cooling and cold accumulation liquefaction system provides gaseous CO for the compressor 2 The compressor converts the gaseous CO 2 Compressing and heating up, exchanging heat of the compressed and heated up compression heat through a cooler and storing the heat in a heat storage tank (8), and exchanging heat of gaseous CO through the cooler 2 Is converted into liquid CO through a low-temperature expansion liquefaction system 2 And storing; when the compressed heat after being compressed and heated is subjected to heat exchange through the cooler, the cold working medium at the outlet of the cold accumulation tank (9) enters the heat release side of the cooler to absorb heat and then enters the heat accumulation tank (8) to accumulate heat;
when the power supply side needs to generate power and supply power, the compressor stops working, and the liquid centrifugal pump (10) stores liquid CO stored in the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system 2 Liquid CO is transmitted to the circulating water heater (11) and enters the circulating water heater (11) 2 After heat exchange and temperature rise, the gas becomes gaseous CO 2 Then gaseous CO 2 Heating by a heater, sending to an expander to do work and generate power, and discharging gaseous CO at the outlet of the expander 2 The cooled air enters a cooling cold accumulation liquefaction system for cooling and liquefaction storage after passing through the heat absorption side of the condenser (16); the heat storage tank (8) delivers hot working medium to the heat release side of the cooler for gaseous CO 2 Heating is carried out, and the hot working medium after heat release in the cooler enters a cold storage tank (9) through an outlet at the heat release side of the cooler; the circulating pump (18) pumps the cold and hot heat in the hot and hot heat storage water tank (17)The water is pumped into the heat release side of the condenser (16) for heat absorption, and the heated water enters the heat absorption side of the circulating water heater (11) to absorb liquid CO at the heat release side of the circulating water heater (11) 2 Heated to become gaseous CO 2 Then, the water on the heat absorption side of the circulating water heater (11) enters the cold and hot heat storage water tank (17) again.
7. The closed cycle energy storage method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature-reducing cold-storage liquefaction system provides gaseous CO to the compressor 2 The pressure is 0.6-0.8 MPa, the temperature is 10-20 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the compressor 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is 150-160 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat absorption side of the cooler 2 Liquid CO stored in a low-temperature expansion liquefaction system at the pressure of 14-15MPa and the temperature of 50-60 DEG C 2 The pressure is 0.55-0.6 MPa, the temperature is-53 to-55 ℃, and liquid CO at the outlet of the liquid centrifugal pump (10) 2 Gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the circulating water heater (11) with the pressure of 14-15MPa and the temperature of-40 to-50 DEG C 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is 10-15 ℃, and gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the heater 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is 140-155 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the expansion machine 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, the temperature is 65-75 ℃, and gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the condenser (16) 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the water temperature at the heat release side outlet of the condenser (16) is 20-65 ℃, and the water temperature at the heat absorption side outlet of the circulating water heater (11) is 15-20 ℃.
8. A closed cycle energy storage method according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the compressor comprises a first-stage compressor (1) and a second-stage compressor (3), the cooler comprises a first-stage interstage cooler (2) and a second-stage interstage cooler (4), an outlet of the first-stage compressor (1) is communicated with an inlet of a heat absorption side of the first-stage interstage cooler (2), an outlet of the heat absorption side of the first-stage interstage cooler (2) is communicated with an inlet of the second-stage compressor (3), an outlet of the second-stage compressor (3) is communicated with an inlet of the heat absorption side of the second-stage interstage cooler (4), and an outlet of the heat absorption side of the second-stage cooler (4) is communicated with an inlet of a low-temperature expansion liquefaction system; an inlet of the heat storage tank (8) is communicated with cold outlets of the primary interstage cooler (2) and the secondary interstage cooler (4), an outlet of the heat storage tank (8) is connected with a hot inlet of the heater, a hot outlet of the heater is connected with an inlet of the heat storage tank (9), and an outlet of the heat storage tank (9) is communicated with cold inlets of the primary interstage cooler (2) and the secondary interstage cooler (4);
gaseous CO at the outlet of the primary compressor (1) 2 Gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat absorption side of the primary interstage cooler (2) with the pressure of 2.88-3 MPa and the temperature of 140-155 DEG C 2 The pressure is 2.88-3 MPa, the temperature is 15-25 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the secondary compressor (3) 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is 150-160 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat absorption side of the secondary interstage cooler (4) 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, and the temperature is 50-60 ℃.
9. A closed cycle energy storage method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the expansion machine comprises a primary expansion machine (13) and a secondary expansion machine (15), the heater comprises a primary heater (12) and a secondary heater (14), a cold outlet of the circulating water heater (11) is connected with a cold inlet of the primary heater (12), a cold outlet of the primary heater (12) is connected with an inlet of the primary expansion machine (13), an outlet of the primary expansion machine (13) is connected with a cold inlet of the secondary heater (14), a cold outlet of the secondary heater (14) is connected with an inlet of the secondary expansion machine (15), and an outlet of the secondary expansion machine (15) is connected with a heat inlet of the condenser (16); the outlet of the heat storage tank (8) is communicated with the heat inlets of the primary heater (12) and the secondary heater (14), and the heat outlets of the primary heater (12) and the secondary heater (14) are communicated with the inlet of the heat storage tank (9);
gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the primary heater (12) 2 The pressure is 14-15MPa, the temperature is 140-155 ℃, and gaseous CO at the heat release side outlet of the secondary heater (14) 2 The pressure is 3.5-4 MPa, the temperature is 150-165 ℃, and gaseous CO at the outlet of the secondary expansion machine (15) 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, and the temperature is 65-75 ℃.
10. A closed cycle energy storage method according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the low-temperature expansion liquefaction system comprises a low-temperature expansion machine (5), a first throttling valve (6) and a first liquid storage tank (7); an outlet of a heat absorption side of the cooler is connected with an inlet of a low-temperature expansion machine (5), an outlet of the low-temperature expansion machine (5) is connected to a first liquid storage tank (7), a first throttling valve (6) is arranged on a pipeline for connecting the low-temperature expansion machine (5) and the first liquid storage tank (7), and an outlet of the first liquid storage tank (7) is connected with an inlet of a liquid centrifugal pump (10); liquid CO at the outlet of the low-temperature expander (5) 2 The pressure is 1.2-1.5 MPa, the temperature is-40 to-60 ℃, and liquid CO at the outlet of the first throttle valve (6) 2 The pressure is 0.55-0.6 MPa, and the temperature is-53 to-55 ℃;
the cooling and cold accumulation liquefaction system comprises a deep cold accumulator (19) and a second liquid storage tank (21), a heat outlet of a condenser (16) is connected with a heat absorption side inlet of the deep cold accumulator (19), a heat absorption side outlet of the deep cold accumulator (19) is communicated with an inlet of the second liquid storage tank (21), an outlet of the second liquid storage tank (21) is connected with a heat release side inlet of the deep cold accumulator (19), a second throttle valve (20) is arranged on a connecting pipeline, and a heat release side outlet of the deep cold accumulator (19) is connected with an inlet of an expansion machine; the gas CO at the heat absorption side inlet of the deep cold accumulator (19) 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the outlet of the heat absorption side of the deep regenerator (19) is liquid CO 2 The liquid CO 2 CO stored in the second liquid storage tank (21) at a pressure of 0.9-1 MPa and a temperature of-42 ℃ to-40 DEG C 2 The pressure is 1-1.2 MPa, the temperature is-42 to-40 ℃, and liquid CO at the outlet of the second throttle valve (20) 2 Gaseous CO at the outlet of the heat release side of the deep cold accumulator (19) with the pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa and the temperature of-38-35 DEG C 2 The pressure is 0.6-0.8 MPa, and the temperature is 10-20 ℃.
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