CN114352372B - Heat pump electricity storage method utilizing cold energy of liquid natural gas - Google Patents
Heat pump electricity storage method utilizing cold energy of liquid natural gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN114352372B CN114352372B CN202210079163.8A CN202210079163A CN114352372B CN 114352372 B CN114352372 B CN 114352372B CN 202210079163 A CN202210079163 A CN 202210079163A CN 114352372 B CN114352372 B CN 114352372B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and provides a heat pump electricity storage method utilizing liquid natural gas cold energy, which comprises the following steps: the heat pump heating system is adopted to convert redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy, and the heat energy is used for providing heat energy required in the power generation process for the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop; the LNG cold energy recovery storage system is adopted to obtain cold energy stored in the liquefied natural gas and is used for providing cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold energy and heat engine power generation loop; the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop is adopted to generate power by utilizing heat energy and cold energy in the power utilization peak period. According to the heat pump electricity storage method utilizing the liquefied natural gas cold energy, the LNG cold energy recovery storage system is coupled with the cold energy heat engine power generation loop, the LNG cold energy recovery system is utilized to provide cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold energy heat engine power generation loop, and meanwhile the heat pump heating system is utilized to provide heat energy required in the power generation process for the cold energy heat engine power generation loop, so that the recycling of high-grade cold energy is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a heat pump electricity storage method utilizing liquid natural gas cold energy.
Background
Cryogenic cooling at-162 ℃ is released during the conversion of Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). The part of cold energy has higher quality and high recovery value. LNG cold energy recovery is currently receiving increasing attention. The conventional heat pump electricity storage system converts renewable energy which cannot be consumed by low-valley electricity into high-temperature heat energy and low-temperature cold energy for storage in the electricity storage process. And the stored cold and heat energy is converted into electric energy again in the electricity release process to be released. The temperature interval of LNG cold energy is relatively consistent with the temperature interval of cold energy stored in the energy storage process of the heat pump electricity storage system, and how to combine the LNG cold energy with the heat pump electricity storage technology becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to combine LNG cold energy with heat pump electricity storage technology, so as to provide a heat pump electricity storage method utilizing liquefied natural gas cold energy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a heat pump electricity storage method utilizing cold energy of liquid natural gas comprises the following steps: the heat pump heating system is adopted to convert redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy, and the heat energy is used for providing heat energy required in the power generation process for the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop; the LNG cold energy recovery storage system is adopted to obtain cold energy stored in the liquefied natural gas and is used for providing cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold energy and heat engine power generation loop; and a cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop is adopted to generate power by utilizing the heat energy and the cold energy in the power utilization peak period.
Further, the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system comprises a liquid natural gas storage tank, an LNG pump, an LNG evaporator, a compressed natural gas storage tank, a cold accumulation circulating fan and a low-temperature packed bed which are connected; the method for acquiring the cold energy stored in the liquefied natural gas by using the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system specifically comprises the following steps: pumping the liquefied natural gas in the liquefied natural gas storage tank into the LNG vaporizer by using the LNG pump; the cold accumulation circulating fan is utilized to drive normal-temperature gas working medium to flow into the LNG evaporator, so that the liquid natural gas exchanges heat with the normal-temperature gas; flowing low-temperature gas formed after normal-temperature gas heat exchange into the low-temperature packed bed, and exchanging heat with solid particle cold storage materials in the low-temperature packed bed so as to store cold energy in the low-temperature packed bed; and storing the compressed natural gas formed by absorbing heat of the liquefied natural gas in the compressed natural gas storage tank.
Further, the heat pump heating system comprises a driving unit, a heating loop compressor unit, a heating loop multistage expansion unit, a cold energy emission heat exchanger and a high-temperature packed bed which are connected; the heat pump heating system is used for converting redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the driving unit drives the heating loop compressor unit to compress the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure to a high-temperature and high-pressure state by utilizing electric energy; flowing a gas in a high temperature, high pressure state through the high temperature packed bed to exchange heat with the solid particulate thermal storage material in the high temperature packed bed to store thermal energy in the high temperature packed bed; after heat exchange of the high-temperature packed bed, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is converted into a normal-temperature and high-pressure state, so that the normal-temperature and high-pressure gas is expanded to a low-temperature and normal-pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit; the gas with low temperature and normal pressure flows through the cold energy emission heat exchanger to exchange heat and then is converted into gas with normal temperature and normal pressure; and the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure is re-flowed into the heating loop compressor unit.
Further, when the gas in the normal temperature and high pressure state is utilized to expand to the low temperature and normal pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit, the heating loop multistage expansion unit comprises three stages which are respectively marked as a first-stage heating loop expansion machine, a second-stage heating loop expansion machine and a third-stage heating loop expansion machine; the corresponding cold energy dissipation heat exchangers comprise three cold energy dissipation heat exchangers respectively marked as a first-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger, a second-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger and a third-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger; the first-stage heating loop expander, the first-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger, the second-stage heating loop expander, the second-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger, the third-stage heating loop expander and the third-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger are sequentially connected in series, so that gas flowing out of the third-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger is in a normal temperature and pressure state.
Further, the device also comprises a heat storage loop, wherein the heat storage loop comprises a heat energy recovery heat exchanger, a heat storage circulating fan and the high-temperature packed bed which are connected; flowing a gas in a high temperature and high pressure state through the high temperature packed bed to exchange heat with a solid particulate heat storage material in the high temperature packed bed to store thermal energy in the high temperature packed bed, the method specifically comprising; flowing high temperature, high pressure gas into the heat recovery heat exchanger; meanwhile, a heat storage circulating fan is started to drive a gas working medium in the heat storage loop to flow into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger, and heat exchange is carried out between the gas working medium and high-temperature and high-pressure gas flowing into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger; after the high-temperature and high-pressure gas releases heat to a normal-temperature and high-pressure state, the gas enters the heating loop multistage expansion unit for expansion; the gas working medium in the heat storage loop absorbs heat and then is converted into a high-temperature gas working medium, the high-temperature gas working medium flows into the high-temperature packed bed, exchanges heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed, and stores heat energy into the high-temperature packed bed; the high-temperature gas working medium flows out of the high-temperature packed bed and is converted into normal-temperature gas working medium, and the normal-temperature gas working medium is driven to enter the heat energy recovery heat exchanger again through the heat storage circulating fan to absorb heat energy.
Further, the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop comprises a compressor unit, the high-temperature packed bed, an expansion unit, a power generation unit and the low-temperature packed bed; the adoption of the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop to generate power by utilizing the heat energy and the cold energy in the power utilization peak period specifically comprises the following steps: the gas working medium in the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop flows through the low-temperature packed bed to absorb cold energy in the gas working medium to a low-temperature normal-pressure state; the low-temperature normal-pressure gas working medium enters the compressor unit to be compressed to a normal temperature, medium/high pressure state; the normal temperature medium/high pressure gas working medium flows through the high temperature packed bed to absorb high temperature heat energy therein to a high temperature medium/high pressure state; then, the high-temperature, medium/high-pressure gas working medium flows into the expansion unit to expand and do work, and the expansion unit drives the power generation unit to generate power; the gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure after expansion enters the low-temperature packed bed again to absorb cold energy; the cycle is repeated, and the cold energy and the heat energy are continuously converted into electric energy to be released.
Further wherein the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation circuit further comprises a combustion chamber between the high temperature packed bed and the expansion train; combusting compressed natural gas in a compressed natural gas storage tank in the combustion chamber; and enabling the normal-temperature medium/high-pressure gas working medium to flow through the high-temperature packed bed and then flow through the combustion chamber to absorb high-temperature heat energy therein and then to be in a high-temperature medium/high-pressure state.
Further, the gas working media in the heat pump heating system, the heat storage loop, the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop and the hot side of the LNG vaporizer include one or more of argon, air, nitrogen and helium.
Further, the heat storage loop, the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop and the gas working medium in the hot side of the LNG evaporator are the same.
Further, the solid particle cold storage material in the low-temperature packed bed comprises one or more of rock, sand and stone, metal particles and solid brick materials; the solid particulate thermal storage material in the high temperature packed bed comprises one or more of rock, sand, metal particles and solid brick materials.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the heat pump electricity storage method utilizing the liquefied natural gas cold energy, the LNG cold energy recovery storage system is coupled with the cold energy heat engine power generation loop, the LNG cold energy recovery system is utilized to provide cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold energy heat engine power generation loop, and meanwhile the heat pump heating system is utilized to provide heat energy required in the power generation process for the cold energy heat engine power generation loop, so that the recycling of high-grade cold energy is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a heat pump electricity storage method utilizing liquefied natural gas cold energy in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system based on a heat pump electricity storage method using liquefied natural gas cold energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a driving unit; 2. A heating circuit compressor unit;
3. a first stage heating loop expander; 4. A second stage heating loop expander;
5. a third stage heating loop expander; 6. A heat recovery heat exchanger;
7. a first stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger; 8. A second-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger;
9. a third stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger; 10. A heat storage circulating fan;
11. a high temperature packed bed; 12. A liquid natural gas storage tank;
13. an LNG pump; 14. An LNG vaporizer;
15. a compressed natural gas storage tank; 16. A cold accumulation circulating fan;
17. a low temperature packed bed; 18. A compressor unit;
19. an expansion unit; 20. A power generation unit;
21. a combustion chamber.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a heat pump electricity storage method utilizing liquefied natural gas cold energy in an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system based on a heat pump electricity storage method using liquefied natural gas cold energy according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a heat pump electricity storage method using liquefied natural gas cold energy, which is based on a heat pump electricity storage system using liquefied natural gas cold energy, and the system includes a heat pump heating system, an LNG cold energy recovery storage system, a cold and hot energy heat engine power generation circuit, and a heat storage circuit.
The heat pump heating system comprises a driving unit 1, a heating loop compressor unit 2, a first-stage heating loop expander 3, a first-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 7, a second-stage heating loop expander 4, a second-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 8, a third-stage heating loop expander 5, a third-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 9 and a heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6.
The heat storage loop comprises a heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6, a heat storage circulating fan 10 and a high-temperature packed bed 11.
The LNG cold energy recovery and storage system includes a liquefied natural gas storage tank 12, an LNG pump 13, an LNG vaporizer 14, a compressed natural gas storage tank 15, a cold storage circulation fan 16, and a low temperature packed bed 17.
The cold-hot energy power generation circuit comprises a compressor unit 18, a high-temperature packed bed 11, an expansion unit 19, a power generation unit 20 and a low-temperature packed bed 17.
Wherein the drive unit 1 is connected to a heating circuit compressor package 2, the drive unit 1 may be an electric motor. The air outlet of the heating loop compressor unit 2 is communicated with the first air inlet of the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6, the first air outlet of the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 is communicated with the air inlet of the first-stage heating loop expander, the first-stage heating loop expander 3, the first-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 7, the second-stage heating loop expander 4, the second-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 8, the third-stage heating loop expander 5 and the third-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 9 are sequentially connected in series, and the air outlet of the third-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the air inlet of the heating loop compressor unit 2.
The second air outlet of the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 is communicated with the first air inlet of the high-temperature packed bed 11, the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 11 is communicated with the air inlet of the heat storage circulating fan 10, and the air outlet of the heat storage circulating fan 10 is communicated with the second air inlet of the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6.
Wherein, the liquid outlet of liquefied natural gas storage tank 12 is linked together with the inlet of LNG pump 13, and the liquid outlet of LNG pump 13 is linked together with the first entry of LNG evaporimeter 14, and the first export of LNG evaporimeter 14 is linked together with compressed natural gas storage tank 15. The second outlet of the LNG vaporizer 14 is connected to the first inlet of the low temperature packed bed 17, the first outlet of the low temperature packed bed 17 is connected to the inlet of the cold storage circulation fan 16, and the outlet of the cold storage circulation fan 16 is connected to the second inlet of the LNG vaporizer 14.
Wherein, the second gas outlet of the low temperature packed bed 17 is communicated with the gas inlet of the compressor unit 18, the gas outlet of the compressor unit 18 is communicated with the second gas inlet of the high temperature packed bed 11, the second gas outlet of the high temperature packed bed 11 is communicated with the gas inlet of the expansion unit 19, and the gas outlet of the expansion unit 19 is communicated with the second gas inlet of the low temperature packed bed 17.
Wherein, a combustion chamber 21 is arranged between the high temperature packed bed 11 and the expansion unit 19, a second air outlet of the high temperature packed bed 11 is communicated with a first air inlet of the combustion chamber 21, and a first air outlet of the combustion chamber 21 is communicated with an air inlet of the expansion unit 19. The second air inlet of the combustion chamber 21 is communicated with the air outlet of the compressed natural gas storage tank 15, and the second air outlet of the combustion chamber 21 is communicated with the external environment.
The heat pump electricity storage method utilizing the cold energy of the liquefied natural gas in the embodiment comprises the following steps: the heat pump heating system is adopted to convert redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy, and the heat energy is used for providing heat energy required in the power generation process for the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop; the LNG cold energy recovery storage system is adopted to obtain cold energy stored in the liquefied natural gas and is used for providing cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold energy and heat engine power generation loop; the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop is adopted to generate power by utilizing heat energy and cold energy in the power utilization peak period.
The LNG cold energy recovery and storage system is used for acquiring cold energy stored in the liquefied natural gas, and specifically comprises the following steps: pumping the liquefied natural gas in the liquefied natural gas storage tank 12 into the LNG vaporizer 14 by means of the LNG pump 13; the cold accumulation circulating fan 16 is utilized to drive the normal-temperature gas working medium to flow into the LNG evaporator 14, so that the liquid natural gas exchanges heat with the normal-temperature gas; flowing the low-temperature gas formed after the normal-temperature gas heat exchange into the low-temperature packed bed 17, and exchanging heat with the solid particle cold storage material in the low-temperature packed bed 17 to store cold energy in the low-temperature packed bed 17; the compressed natural gas formed after absorbing heat from the liquefied natural gas is stored in the compressed natural gas storage tank 15.
The heat pump heating system is used for converting redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy, and specifically comprises the following steps: the driving unit 1 is driven by electric energy to drive the heating loop compressor unit 2 to compress the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure to a high-temperature and high-pressure state; flowing a gas in a high temperature and high pressure state through the high temperature packed bed 11 to exchange heat with the solid particulate heat storage material in the high temperature packed bed 11 to store thermal energy in the high temperature packed bed 11; after heat exchange by the high-temperature packed bed 11, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is converted into a normal-temperature and high-pressure state, so that the normal-temperature and high-pressure gas is expanded to a low-temperature and normal-pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit; the gas with low temperature and normal pressure flows through the cold energy dissipation heat exchanger to exchange heat and then is converted into gas with normal temperature and normal pressure; the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure is re-flowed into the heating loop compressor unit 2.
When the gas in the normal temperature and high pressure state is utilized to expand to the low temperature and normal pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit, the heating loop multistage expansion unit comprises three stages which are respectively marked as a first stage heating loop expander 3, a second stage heating loop expander 4 and a third stage heating loop expander 5; the corresponding cold energy dissipation heat exchangers comprise three cold energy dissipation heat exchangers respectively marked as a first-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger 7, a second-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger 8 and a third-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger 9; the first-stage heating loop expander 3, the first-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger 7, the second-stage heating loop expander 4, the second-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger 8, the third-stage heating loop expander 5 and the third-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger 9 are sequentially connected in series, so that the gas flowing out of the third-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger 9 is in a normal temperature and pressure state.
Wherein, the gas in the high temperature and high pressure state flows through the high temperature packed bed 11 to exchange heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high temperature packed bed 11 so as to store heat energy in the high temperature packed bed 11, which specifically comprises; flowing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas into the heat recovery heat exchanger 6; at the same time, the heat storage circulating fan 10 is started to drive the gas working medium in the heat storage loop to flow into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6, and exchange heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flowing into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6; after the high-temperature and high-pressure gas releases heat to a normal-temperature and high-pressure state, the gas enters a heating loop multistage expansion unit for expansion; the gas working medium in the heat storage loop absorbs heat and then is converted into high-temperature gas working medium, the high-temperature gas working medium flows into the high-temperature packed bed 11, exchanges heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed 11, and stores heat energy into the high-temperature packed bed 11; the high-temperature gas working medium flows out of the high-temperature packed bed 11 and is converted into normal-temperature gas working medium, and the normal-temperature gas working medium is driven to enter the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 again through the heat storage circulating fan 10 to absorb heat energy.
The power generation by utilizing the heat energy and the cold energy in the power utilization peak period by adopting the cold, heat energy and heat energy power generation loop specifically comprises the following steps: the gas working medium in the cold, heat and power generation loop flows through the low-temperature packed bed 17 to absorb cold energy therein to a low-temperature normal-pressure state; the low-temperature normal-pressure gas working medium enters a compressor unit 18 to be compressed to a normal temperature, medium/high pressure state; the gas working medium with normal temperature, middle and high pressure flows through the high-temperature packed bed 11 to absorb high-temperature heat energy therein to a high-temperature, middle and high-pressure state; then, the high-temperature, medium/high-pressure gas working medium flows into the expansion unit 19 to do expansion work, and the expansion unit 19 drives the power generation unit 20 to generate power; the gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure after expansion enters the low-temperature packed bed 17 again to absorb cold energy; the cycle is repeated, and the cold energy and the heat energy are continuously converted into electric energy to be released.
Wherein the compressed natural gas in the compressed natural gas storage tank 15 is used for combustion in the combustion chamber 21; the gas working medium at normal temperature and medium/high pressure flows through the high-temperature packed bed 11 and then flows through the combustion chamber 21 to absorb high-temperature heat energy therein and then reaches a high-temperature medium/high-pressure state.
The gas working media in the heat pump heating system, the heat storage circuit, the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation circuit, and the hot side of the LNG vaporizer 14 include one or more of argon, air, nitrogen, and helium.
The heat storage loop and the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop are the same as the gas working medium in the hot side of the LNG evaporator 14. The gas working medium in the hot side of the LNG vaporizer 14 is the gas working medium in the loop formed by the LNG vaporizer 14, the cold storage circulating fan 16, and the low-temperature packed bed 17.
Wherein the solid particulate cold storage material in the cryogenically packed bed 17 comprises one or more of rock, sand, metal particles, and solid brick materials; the solid particulate thermal storage material in the high temperature packed bed 11 comprises one or more of rock, sand, metal particles, and solid brick materials.
The following is the flow direction and state change of the gas working medium in the process of storage and release:
in the energy storage process, electric energy is used for heating, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy through a heat pump heating system and stored. The heating loop compressor unit 2 is in transmission connection with the heating loop heat engine expanders at all levels, and the driving unit 1 is in driving connection with the heating loop compressor unit 2. The driving unit 1 consumes electric energy to drive the heating loop compressor unit 2 to compress the gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure to a high-temperature and high-pressure state. The high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium flows through the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 to release heat energy to a normal-temperature high-pressure state. The gas working medium with normal temperature and high pressure enters a multi-stage expander of each stage of heating loop to be expanded to a low temperature and normal pressure state. The gas working medium enters the corresponding first-stage cold energy discharging and radiating heat exchanger to discharge cold energy into the environment after being expanded by each first-stage heating loop expander, and then the gas working medium at normal temperature continuously flows into the next-stage heating loop expander to be expanded. The gas working medium flowing out of the last stage of cold energy exhausting heat exchanger returns to the normal temperature and normal pressure state again, and flows into the heating loop compressor unit 2 again for compression heating. And the electric energy is continuously converted into high-temperature heat energy to be stored after repeated circulation.
At the same time, the heat storage circulating fan 10 is started to drive the gas working medium in the heat storage loop to flow into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 to absorb heat energy to a high temperature state. The high-temperature gas working medium flows into the high-temperature packed bed 11, exchanges heat with the solid particle heat storage material therein, and stores heat energy therein. The normal temperature gas working medium flowing out from the high temperature packed bed 11 is driven by the heat accumulating circulating fan 10 to enter the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 again to absorb heat energy.
In the energy storage process, cold energy is absorbed from the liquefied natural gas through the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system and stored. The low-temperature liquefied natural gas flows out of the liquefied natural gas storage tank 12 through the driving of the LNG pump 13, enters the LNG evaporator 14 to release cold energy, absorbs heat in the LNG evaporator 14 and evaporates to be in a compressed natural gas state (CNG), and flows into the compressed natural gas storage tank 15 along a pipeline to be stored.
At the same time, the cold accumulation circulating fan 16 is started to drive the normal-temperature gas working medium to flow into the LNG evaporator 14 to absorb cold energy to a low-temperature state, and the low-temperature gas working medium flows into the low-temperature packed bed 17 to exchange heat with the solid particle cold accumulation material therein, so that high-grade cold energy is stored therein.
When the system is in the electricity peak period, the system releases energy outwards.
The high-grade heat energy and cold energy stored in the energy storage stage are circularly converted into kinetic energy through a heat engine, and then are converted into electric energy through the power generation unit 20 to be released.
The gas working medium in the cold, heat and power generation loop flows through the low-temperature packed bed 17 to absorb the low-temperature cold energy therein to a low-temperature normal-pressure state, and the low-temperature normal-pressure gas working medium enters the compressor unit 18 to be compressed to a normal-temperature, medium/high-pressure state. The gas working medium with normal temperature and middle/high pressure flows through the high temperature packed bed 11 to absorb the high temperature heat energy therein to a high temperature and middle/high pressure state, and then flows into the expansion unit 19 to do expansion work. The expansion unit 19 is in transmission connection with the compressor unit 18, and the expansion unit 19 is in driving connection with the power generation unit 20. The expansion unit 19 drives the power generation unit 20 to generate power. The normal temperature and pressure gas after expansion enters the low temperature packed bed 17 again to absorb cold energy. And the cold and hot energy is continuously converted into electric energy to be released after the cycle is repeated.
Working medium selection:
the gas working media in the heat pump heating system, the heat storage loop, the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop and the hot side of the LNG evaporator 14 are one or more of argon, air, nitrogen and helium. The heat storage loop, the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop and the gas working medium on the hot side of the LNG evaporator 14 need to be the same. The gas working medium of the heat pump heating system may be different from the above-described circuit.
The flowing working medium at the cold side of the LNG evaporator 14 in the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system is natural gas.
Power equipment:
the driving unit 1 is a driving motor or an electric machine. When the driving unit 1 is a driving motor, one or more of electricity in low-valley, nuclear power, wind power, solar power generation, hydropower or tidal power generation of a conventional power station is used as a power source.
The total pressure ratio of the compressor unit 2 in the heat pump heating system and the compressor unit 18 in the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop is between 3 and 20. When the compressor unit is a plurality of compressors, the compressors are in a coaxial serial connection mode or a split-shaft parallel connection mode. In the parallel connection mode, each split shaft is in dynamic connection with the main driving shaft; an expansion unit in the heat pump heating system and an expansion unit 19 in the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop, wherein the total expansion ratio is between 3 and 20; when the expansion unit is a plurality of expansion machines, the expansion machines are in a coaxial serial connection mode or a split-shaft parallel connection mode; in the parallel form, each split shaft is in dynamic connection with the main drive shaft.
In the heat pump heating system, the pressure ratio of the compressor unit 2 is n times the expansion ratio of each expansion unit (n is the number of stages of the expansion units of the heating circuit, 3 stages of expansion machines are shown in fig. 2, and may be actually 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 stages).
A storage device:
the high-temperature packed bed 11 and the low-temperature packed bed 17 are cylinders, spheres or cuboids, and the solid cold and heat storage material can be one or a combination of a plurality of materials such as rock, sand, metal particles, solid bricks and the like.
In summary, the heat pump electricity storage method utilizing the liquefied natural gas cold energy provides a new idea for recovering the LNG cold energy, and the LNG cold energy is innovatively combined with the heat pump electricity storage system, so that the recovery and the utilization of the high-grade cold energy are realized.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The heat pump electricity storage method utilizing the cold energy of the liquid natural gas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the heat pump heating system is adopted to convert redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy, and the heat energy is used for providing heat energy required in the power generation process for the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop;
the LNG cold energy recovery storage system is adopted to obtain cold energy stored in the liquefied natural gas and is used for providing cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold energy and heat engine power generation loop;
the heat energy and the cold energy are used for generating electricity in the power utilization peak period by adopting a cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop;
the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system comprises a liquid natural gas storage tank, an LNG pump, an LNG evaporator, a compressed natural gas storage tank, a cold accumulation circulating fan and a low-temperature packed bed which are connected;
the method for acquiring the cold energy stored in the liquefied natural gas by using the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system specifically comprises the following steps:
pumping the liquefied natural gas in the liquefied natural gas storage tank into the LNG vaporizer by using the LNG pump;
the cold accumulation circulating fan is utilized to drive normal-temperature gas working medium to flow into the LNG evaporator, so that the liquid natural gas exchanges heat with the normal-temperature gas;
flowing low-temperature gas formed after normal-temperature gas heat exchange into the low-temperature packed bed, and exchanging heat with solid particle cold storage materials in the low-temperature packed bed so as to store cold energy in the low-temperature packed bed;
storing compressed natural gas formed by absorbing heat of the liquefied natural gas in the compressed natural gas storage tank;
the heat pump heating system comprises a driving unit, a heating loop compressor unit, a heating loop multistage expansion unit, a cold energy emission heat exchanger and a high-temperature packed bed which are connected;
the heat pump heating system is used for converting redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the driving unit drives the heating loop compressor unit to compress the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure to a high-temperature and high-pressure state by utilizing electric energy;
flowing a gas in a high temperature, high pressure state through the high temperature packed bed to exchange heat with the solid particulate thermal storage material in the high temperature packed bed to store thermal energy in the high temperature packed bed;
after heat exchange of the high-temperature packed bed, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is converted into a normal-temperature and high-pressure state, so that the normal-temperature and high-pressure gas is expanded to a low-temperature and normal-pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit;
the gas with low temperature and normal pressure flows through the cold energy emission heat exchanger to exchange heat and then is converted into gas with normal temperature and normal pressure;
the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure is re-flowed into the compressor unit of the heating loop;
the system also comprises a heat storage loop, wherein the heat storage loop comprises a heat energy recovery heat exchanger, a heat storage circulating fan and the high-temperature packed bed which are connected;
flowing a gas in a high temperature and high pressure state through the high temperature packed bed to exchange heat with a solid particulate heat storage material in the high temperature packed bed to store thermal energy in the high temperature packed bed, the method specifically comprising;
flowing high temperature, high pressure gas into the heat recovery heat exchanger;
meanwhile, a heat storage circulating fan is started to drive a gas working medium in the heat storage loop to flow into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger, and heat exchange is carried out between the gas working medium and high-temperature and high-pressure gas flowing into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger;
after the high-temperature and high-pressure gas releases heat to a normal-temperature and high-pressure state, the gas enters the heating loop multistage expansion unit for expansion;
the gas working medium in the heat storage loop absorbs heat and then is converted into a high-temperature gas working medium, the high-temperature gas working medium flows into the high-temperature packed bed, exchanges heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed, and stores heat energy into the high-temperature packed bed;
the high-temperature gas working medium flows out of the high-temperature packed bed and is converted into a normal-temperature gas working medium, and the normal-temperature gas working medium enters the heat energy recovery heat exchanger to absorb heat energy through the driving of the heat storage circulating fan;
the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop comprises a compressor unit, the high-temperature packed bed, an expansion unit, a power generation unit and the low-temperature packed bed;
the adoption of the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop to generate power by utilizing the heat energy and the cold energy in the power utilization peak period specifically comprises the following steps:
the gas working medium in the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop flows through the low-temperature packed bed to absorb cold energy in the gas working medium to a low-temperature normal-pressure state;
the low-temperature normal-pressure gas working medium enters the compressor unit to be compressed to a normal temperature, medium/high pressure state;
the normal temperature medium/high pressure gas working medium flows through the high temperature packed bed to absorb high temperature heat energy therein to a high temperature medium/high pressure state;
then, the high-temperature, medium/high-pressure gas working medium flows into the expansion unit to expand and do work, and the expansion unit drives the power generation unit to generate power;
the gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure after expansion enters the low-temperature packed bed again to absorb cold energy;
the cycle is repeated, and the cold energy and the heat energy are continuously converted into electric energy to be released.
2. The heat pump electricity storage method using liquefied natural gas cold energy according to claim 1, wherein,
when the gas in the normal temperature and high pressure state is expanded to the low temperature and normal pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit, the heating loop multistage expansion unit comprises three stages, namely a first stage heating loop expander, a second stage heating loop expander and a third stage heating loop expander;
the corresponding cold energy emission heat exchangers comprise three cold energy emission heat exchangers, namely a first-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger, a second-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger and a third-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger;
the first-stage heating loop expander, the first-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger, the second-stage heating loop expander, the second-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger, the third-stage heating loop expander and the third-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger are sequentially connected in series, so that gas flowing out of the third-stage cold energy emission heat exchanger is in a normal temperature and pressure state.
3. The heat pump electricity storage method using liquefied natural gas cold energy according to claim 1, wherein,
wherein the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop further comprises a combustion chamber between the high-temperature packed bed and the expansion unit;
combusting compressed natural gas in a compressed natural gas storage tank in the combustion chamber;
and enabling the normal-temperature medium/high-pressure gas working medium to flow through the high-temperature packed bed and then flow through the combustion chamber to absorb high-temperature heat energy therein and then to be in a high-temperature medium/high-pressure state.
4. The heat pump electricity storage method using liquefied natural gas cold energy according to claim 1, wherein,
the heat pump heating system, the heat storage loop, the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop and the gas working medium in the hot side of the LNG evaporator comprise one or more of argon, nitrogen and helium.
5. The heat pump electricity storage method using liquefied natural gas cold energy according to claim 4, wherein,
the heat storage loop and the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop are the same as gas working media in the hot side of the LNG evaporator.
6. The heat pump electricity storage method using liquefied natural gas cold energy according to claim 1, wherein,
the solid particle cold accumulation material in the low-temperature packed bed comprises one or more of rock, sand and stone, metal particles and solid brick materials;
the solid particulate thermal storage material in the high temperature packed bed comprises one or more of rock, sand, metal particles and solid brick materials.
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