CN114352372A - Heat pump electricity storage method utilizing liquid natural gas cold energy - Google Patents
Heat pump electricity storage method utilizing liquid natural gas cold energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114352372A CN114352372A CN202210079163.8A CN202210079163A CN114352372A CN 114352372 A CN114352372 A CN 114352372A CN 202210079163 A CN202210079163 A CN 202210079163A CN 114352372 A CN114352372 A CN 114352372A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and provides a heat pump electricity storage method utilizing liquid natural gas cold energy, which comprises the following steps: a heat pump heating system is adopted to convert redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy which is used for providing heat energy required in the power generation process for a cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop; the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system is adopted to obtain cold energy stored in the liquid natural gas and is used for providing cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop; the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop is adopted to generate power by utilizing heat energy and cold energy in the electricity utilization peak period. According to the heat pump electricity storage method utilizing the liquid natural gas cold energy provided by the invention, the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system is coupled with the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, the LNG cold energy recovery system is utilized to provide cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, and meanwhile, the heat pump heating system is utilized to provide heat energy required in the power generation process for the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, so that the high-grade cold energy is recovered and utilized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a heat pump electricity storage method utilizing liquid natural gas cold energy.
Background
Cryogenic cooling at-162 ℃ is released during the conversion of Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). The cold energy of the part has higher quality and higher recovery value. LNG cold energy recovery is currently receiving more and more attention. The conventional heat pump electricity storage system converts off-peak electricity and unconsumed renewable energy into high-temperature heat energy and low-temperature cold energy for storage in the electricity storage process. The stored cold and heat energy is converted into electric energy again in the electricity discharging process to be discharged. The temperature interval of the LNG cold energy is relatively consistent with the temperature interval of the cold energy stored in the energy storage process of the heat pump electricity storage system, and how to combine the LNG cold energy with the heat pump electricity storage technology becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to combine the LNG cold energy with the heat pump electricity storage technology, so as to provide a heat pump electricity storage method using the liquid natural gas cold energy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a heat pump electricity storage method utilizing cold energy of liquid natural gas comprises the following steps: a heat pump heating system is adopted to convert redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy which is used for providing heat energy required in the power generation process for a cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop; the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system is adopted to obtain cold energy stored in the liquid natural gas and is used for providing cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop; and a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop is adopted to utilize the heat energy and the cold energy to generate power during the peak period of power utilization.
Further, the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system comprises a liquid natural gas storage tank, an LNG pump, an LNG evaporator, a compressed natural gas storage tank, a cold accumulation circulating fan and a low-temperature packed bed which are connected with one another; the method for acquiring the cold energy stored in the liquefied natural gas by adopting the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system specifically comprises the following steps: pumping the liquefied natural gas in the liquefied natural gas storage tank into the LNG vaporizer by using the LNG pump; driving a normal-temperature gas working medium to flow into the LNG evaporator by using the cold accumulation circulating fan, so that heat exchange is carried out between the liquid natural gas and the normal-temperature gas; enabling low-temperature gas formed after heat exchange of normal-temperature gas to flow into the low-temperature packed bed, and exchanging heat with solid particle cold storage materials in the low-temperature packed bed to store cold energy in the low-temperature packed bed; and storing compressed natural gas formed by absorbing heat of the liquefied natural gas in the compressed natural gas storage tank.
Further, the heat pump heating system comprises a driving unit, a heating loop compressor unit, a heating loop multistage expansion unit, a cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger and a high-temperature packed bed which are connected with each other; the method for converting the redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into the heat energy by adopting the heat pump heating system specifically comprises the following steps: the driving unit drives the heating loop compressor unit to compress the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure to a high-temperature and high-pressure state by using electric energy; flowing gas in a high-temperature and high-pressure state through the high-temperature packed bed, and exchanging heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed to store heat energy in the high-temperature packed bed; after heat exchange is carried out by the high-temperature packed bed, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is converted into a normal-temperature and high-pressure state, so that the normal-temperature and high-pressure gas is expanded to a low-temperature normal-pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit; the low-temperature and normal-pressure gas flows through the cold energy dissipation heat exchanger to be converted into normal-temperature and normal-pressure gas after heat exchange; the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure flows to the heating loop compressor unit again.
Further, when the gas in the normal-temperature and high-pressure state is expanded to the low-temperature and normal-pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit, the heating loop multistage expansion unit comprises three stages which are respectively marked as a first stage heating loop expansion machine, a second stage heating loop expansion machine and a third stage heating loop expansion machine; the corresponding cold energy heat dissipation heat exchangers comprise three cold energy heat dissipation heat exchangers which are respectively marked as a first-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger, a second-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger and a third-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger; wherein, the first level heats the return circuit expander the first level cold energy is arranged and is dispelled the heat exchanger the second level heats the return circuit expander the second level cold energy is arranged and is dispelled the heat exchanger the third level heats the return circuit expander and the third level cold energy is arranged and is dispersed the heat exchanger and be established ties in proper order and connect, so that follow the gas that the third level cold energy is arranged and is dispelled the heat exchanger outflow is normal atmospheric temperature and pressure state.
Further, the system also comprises a heat storage loop, wherein the heat storage loop comprises a heat energy recovery heat exchanger, a heat storage circulating fan and the high-temperature packed bed which are connected; flowing gas in a high-temperature and high-pressure state through the high-temperature packed bed, and exchanging heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed to store heat energy in the high-temperature packed bed specifically comprises the following steps; flowing high temperature and high pressure gas into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger; meanwhile, starting a heat storage circulating fan to drive the gas working medium in the heat storage loop to flow into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flowing into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger; after releasing heat, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters a multi-stage expansion unit of the heating loop to be expanded after reaching a normal-temperature and high-pressure state; the gas working medium in the heat storage loop absorbs heat and then is converted into a high-temperature gas working medium, the high-temperature gas working medium flows into the high-temperature packed bed to exchange heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed, and heat energy is stored in the high-temperature packed bed; and the high-temperature gas working medium flows out of the high-temperature packed bed and is converted into a normal-temperature gas working medium, and the normal-temperature gas working medium is driven by the heat storage circulating fan again to enter the heat energy recovery heat exchanger to absorb heat energy.
Further wherein the cold-thermal energy heat engine power generation circuit comprises a compressor unit, the high temperature packed bed, an expander unit, a power generation unit, and the low temperature packed bed; the method for generating power by using the heat energy and the cold energy in the electricity utilization peak period by adopting the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop specifically comprises the following steps: gas working media in the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop flow through the low-temperature packed bed to absorb cold energy therein to reach a low-temperature normal-pressure state; the gas working medium with low temperature and normal pressure enters the compressor unit to be compressed to a normal temperature and medium/high pressure state; the normal-temperature medium/high-pressure gas working medium flows through the high-temperature packed bed to absorb high-temperature heat energy therein to a high-temperature medium/high-pressure state; then, the high-temperature, medium/high-pressure gas working medium flows into the expansion unit to do work through expansion, and the expansion unit drives the power generation unit to generate power; the expanded gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the low-temperature packed bed again to absorb cold energy; and repeating the circulation to continuously convert the cold energy and the heat energy into electric energy for release.
Further wherein the cold-thermal energy heat engine power generation circuit further comprises a combustion chamber interposed between the high temperature packed bed and the expander train; combusting in the combustion chamber with compressed natural gas in a compressed natural gas storage tank; and enabling the gas working medium with normal temperature, middle pressure and high pressure to flow through the high-temperature packed bed, and then flow through the combustion chamber to absorb high-temperature heat energy therein to be in a high-temperature, middle pressure and high pressure state.
Further, the gas working media in the heat pump heating system, the heat storage loop, the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop and the hot side of the LNG evaporator include one or more of argon, air, nitrogen and helium.
Further, the heat storage loop and the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop are the same as the gas working medium in the hot side of the LNG evaporator.
Further, the solid particle cold storage material in the low-temperature packed bed comprises one or more of rock, sand, metal particles and solid brick material; the solid particulate heat storage material in the high temperature packed bed comprises one or more of rock, sand, metal particles and solid brick material.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the heat pump electricity storage method utilizing the liquid natural gas cold energy provided by the invention, the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system is coupled with the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, the LNG cold energy recovery system is utilized to provide cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, and meanwhile, the heat pump heating system is utilized to provide heat energy required in the power generation process for the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop, so that the high-grade cold energy is recovered and utilized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a heat pump electricity storage method using cold energy of liquefied natural gas according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system based on which the heat pump electricity storage method using cold energy of liquefied natural gas according to an embodiment of the present invention is based.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a drive unit; 2. A heating loop compressor unit;
3. a first stage heating circuit expander; 4. A second heating loop expander;
5. a third stage heating loop expander; 6. A heat energy recovery heat exchanger;
7. a first stage cold energy heat exchanger; 8. A second stage cold energy heat exchanger;
9. a third stage cold energy heat exchanger; 10. A heat storage circulating fan;
11. a high temperature packed bed; 12. A liquefied natural gas storage tank;
13. an LNG pump; 14. An LNG vaporizer;
15. a compressed natural gas storage tank; 16. A cold accumulation circulating fan;
17. a low temperature packed bed; 18. A compressor unit;
19. an expander unit; 20. A power generation unit;
21. a combustion chamber.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a heat pump electricity storage method using cold energy of liquefied natural gas according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system based on which a heat pump electricity storage method using cold energy of liquefied natural gas according to an embodiment of the present invention is implemented; as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a heat pump electricity storage method using LNG cold energy, which is based on a heat pump electricity storage system using LNG cold energy, the system including a heat pump heating system, an LNG cold energy recovery and storage system, a cold and hot energy heat engine electricity generation circuit, and a heat storage circuit.
The heat pump heating system comprises a driving unit 1, a heating loop compressor unit 2, a first heating loop expander 3, a first cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 7, a second heating loop expander 4, a second cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 8, a third heating loop expander 5, a third cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 9 and a heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6.
The heat storage loop includes a heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6, a heat storage circulation fan 10, and a high temperature packed bed 11.
The LNG cold energy recovery and storage system comprises a liquid natural gas storage tank 12, an LNG pump 13, an LNG evaporator 14, a compressed natural gas storage tank 15, a cold accumulation circulating fan 16 and a low-temperature packed bed 17.
The cold-heat energy heat engine power generation circuit comprises a compressor unit 18, a high-temperature packed bed 11, an expansion unit 19, a power generation unit 20 and a low-temperature packed bed 17.
Wherein, drive unit 1 is connected with heating loop compressor unit 2, and drive unit 1 can be a motor. The air outlet of the heating loop compressor unit 2 is communicated with the first air inlet of the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6, the first air outlet of the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 is communicated with the air inlet of the first-stage heating loop expander, the first-stage heating loop expander 3, the first-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 7, the second-stage heating loop expander 4, the second-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 8, the third-stage heating loop expander 5 and the third-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 9 are sequentially connected in series, and the air outlet of the third-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the air inlet of the heating loop compressor unit 2.
Wherein, the second air outlet of the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 is communicated with the first air inlet of the high-temperature packed bed 11, the first air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 11 is communicated with the air inlet of the heat storage circulating fan 10, and the air outlet of the heat storage circulating fan 10 is communicated with the second air inlet of the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6.
Wherein, the liquid outlet of liquefied natural gas storage tank 12 is linked together with the inlet of LNG pump 13, and the liquid outlet of LNG pump 13 is linked together with the first entry of LNG evaporimeter 14, and the first export of LNG evaporimeter 14 is linked together with compressed natural gas storage tank 15. The second outlet of the LNG evaporator 14 is communicated with the first air inlet of the low-temperature packed bed 17, the first air outlet of the low-temperature packed bed 17 is communicated with the air inlet of the cold accumulation circulating fan 16, and the air outlet of the cold accumulation circulating fan 16 is communicated with the second inlet of the LNG evaporator 14.
Wherein, the second gas outlet of the low-temperature packed bed 17 is communicated with the gas inlet of the compressor unit 18, the gas outlet of the compressor unit 18 is communicated with the second gas inlet of the high-temperature packed bed 11, the second gas outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 11 is communicated with the gas inlet of the expander unit 19, and the gas outlet of the expander unit 19 is communicated with the second gas inlet of the low-temperature packed bed 17.
Wherein, a combustion chamber 21 is arranged between the high-temperature packed bed 11 and the expansion unit 19, a second air outlet of the high-temperature packed bed 11 is communicated with a first air inlet of the combustion chamber 21, and a first air outlet of the combustion chamber 21 is communicated with an air inlet of the expansion unit 19. And a second air inlet of the combustion chamber 21 is communicated with an air outlet of the compressed natural gas storage tank 15, and a second air outlet of the combustion chamber 21 is communicated with the external environment.
In this embodiment, a heat pump electricity storage method using liquefied natural gas cold energy includes the following steps: a heat pump heating system is adopted to convert redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy which is used for providing heat energy required in the power generation process for a cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop; the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system is adopted to obtain cold energy stored in the liquid natural gas and is used for providing cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop; the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop is adopted to generate power by utilizing heat energy and cold energy in the electricity utilization peak period.
Wherein, the cold energy that adopts LNG cold energy to retrieve storage system and obtain storage in the liquefied natural gas specifically includes: pumping the liquefied natural gas in the liquefied natural gas storage tank 12 to the LNG vaporizer 14 by using the LNG pump 13; a cold accumulation circulating fan 16 is used for driving a gas working medium at normal temperature to flow into the LNG evaporator 14, so that heat exchange is carried out between the liquid natural gas and the gas at normal temperature; the low-temperature gas formed after the heat exchange of the normal-temperature gas flows into the low-temperature packed bed 17 to exchange heat with the solid particle cold storage material in the low-temperature packed bed 17, so that cold energy is stored in the low-temperature packed bed 17; the compressed natural gas formed by absorbing heat from the liquefied natural gas is stored in the compressed natural gas storage tank 15.
Wherein, adopt heat pump heating system to convert the unnecessary electric energy of power consumption valley period into heat energy specifically includes: the driving unit 1 drives the heating loop compressor unit 2 to compress the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure to a high-temperature and high-pressure state by using electric energy; making the gas in a high-temperature and high-pressure state flow through the high-temperature packed bed 11 to exchange heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed 11 so as to store heat energy in the high-temperature packed bed 11; after heat exchange is carried out by the high-temperature packed bed 11, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is converted into a normal-temperature and high-pressure state, so that the normal-temperature and high-pressure gas is expanded to a low-temperature normal-pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit; the gas at low temperature and normal pressure is converted into gas at normal temperature and normal pressure after passing through the cold energy dissipation heat exchanger for heat exchange; the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure flows into the heating loop compressor unit 2 again.
When the gas in the normal-temperature and high-pressure state is expanded to the low-temperature and normal-pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit, the heating loop multistage expansion unit comprises three stages, namely a first-stage heating loop expansion machine 3, a second-stage heating loop expansion machine 4 and a third-stage heating loop expansion machine 5; the corresponding cold energy heat dissipation heat exchangers comprise three cold energy heat dissipation heat exchangers which are respectively marked as a first-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 7, a second-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 8 and a third-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 9; the first heating loop expander 3, the first cooling energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 7, the second heating loop expander 4, the second cooling energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 8, the third heating loop expander 5 and the third cooling energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 9 are sequentially connected in series, so that gas flowing out of the third cooling energy heat dissipation heat exchanger 9 is in a normal temperature and normal pressure state.
The method specifically comprises the following steps of enabling gas in a high-temperature and high-pressure state to flow through a high-temperature packed bed 11 to exchange heat with a solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed 11 so as to store heat energy in the high-temperature packed bed 11; making the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flow into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6; meanwhile, the heat storage circulating fan 10 is started to drive the gas working medium in the heat storage loop to flow into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6, and the gas working medium exchanges heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flowing into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6; after releasing heat, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters a multistage expansion unit of a heating loop to be expanded after reaching a normal-temperature and high-pressure state; the gas working medium in the heat storage loop absorbs heat and then is converted into a high-temperature gas working medium, the high-temperature gas working medium flows into the high-temperature packed bed 11 to exchange heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed 11, and heat energy is stored in the high-temperature packed bed 11; the high-temperature gas working medium flows out of the high-temperature packed bed 11 and is converted into a normal-temperature gas working medium, and the normal-temperature gas working medium is driven by the heat storage circulating fan 10 again to enter the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 to absorb heat energy.
Wherein, adopt cold and hot energy heat engine power generation return circuit to utilize heat energy and cold energy to generate electricity at power consumption peak period specifically includes: gas working medium in the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop flows through the low-temperature packed bed 17 to absorb cold energy therein to a low-temperature normal-pressure state; the gas working medium with low temperature and normal pressure enters a compressor unit 18 to be compressed to a normal temperature, medium/high pressure state; the gas working medium with normal temperature and medium/high pressure flows through the high-temperature packed bed 11 to absorb the high-temperature heat energy therein to a high-temperature and medium/high-pressure state; then, the high-temperature, medium/high-pressure gas working medium flows into the expansion unit 19 to expand and do work, and the expansion unit 19 drives the power generation unit 20 to generate power; the expanded gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the low-temperature packed bed 17 again to absorb cold energy; and repeating the circulation to continuously convert the cold energy and the heat energy into electric energy for release.
Wherein the compressed natural gas in the compressed natural gas storage tank 15 is utilized to be combusted in the combustion chamber 21; the gas working medium with normal temperature and medium/high pressure flows through the high temperature packed bed 11 and then flows through the combustion chamber 21 to absorb the high temperature heat energy therein to reach a high temperature and medium/high pressure state.
Wherein, the gas working medium in the heat pump heating system, the heat storage loop, the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop and the hot side of the LNG evaporator 14 includes one or more of argon, air, nitrogen and helium.
Wherein, the heat accumulation loop and the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop are the same as the gas working medium in the hot side of the LNG evaporator 14. The gas working medium in the hot side of the LNG evaporator 14 refers to a gas working medium in a loop formed by the LNG evaporator 14, the cold accumulation circulating fan 16 and the low-temperature packed bed 17.
Wherein, the solid particle cold storage material in the low-temperature packed bed 17 comprises one or more of rock, sand, metal particles and solid brick material; the solid particulate heat storage material in the high temperature packed bed 11 comprises one or more of rock, sand, metal particles and solid brick material.
The flow direction and state change of the gas working medium in the storage and release process are as follows:
in the energy storage process, electric energy is used for heating, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy through the heat pump heating system and is stored. The heating loop compressor unit 2 is in transmission connection with the heating loop heat engine expanders at all levels, and the driving unit 1 is in driving connection with the heating loop compressor unit 2. The driving unit 1 consumes electric energy to drive the heating loop compressor unit 2, and compresses the gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure to a high-temperature and high-pressure state. The high-temperature high-pressure gas working medium flows through the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 to release heat energy to a normal-temperature high-pressure state. The gas working medium with normal temperature and high pressure enters the multistage expansion machines of all levels of heating loops to be expanded to a low-temperature normal-pressure state. After being expanded by each stage of heating loop expander, the gas working medium enters the corresponding one-stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger to dissipate cold energy to the environment, and then the gas working medium at normal temperature continuously flows into the next stage of heating loop expander to be expanded. The gas working medium flowing out of the last stage cold energy dissipation heat exchanger returns to the normal temperature and normal pressure state again, and flows into the heating loop compressor unit 2 again for compression and heating. The electric energy is continuously converted into high-temperature heat energy to be stored by the repeated circulation.
Meanwhile, the heat storage circulating fan 10 is started to drive the gas working medium in the heat storage loop to flow into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 to absorb heat energy to a high-temperature state. The high-temperature gas working medium flows into the high-temperature packed bed 11 to exchange heat with the solid particle heat storage material therein, and the heat energy is stored therein. The normal temperature gas working medium flowing out of the high temperature packed bed 11 is driven by the heat storage circulating fan 10 again to enter the heat energy recovery heat exchanger 6 to absorb heat energy.
In the energy storage process, cold energy is absorbed from the liquefied natural gas through the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system and is stored. The cryogenic liquefied natural gas flows out of the liquefied natural gas storage tank 12 through the driving of the LNG pump 13, enters the LNG vaporizer 14 to release cold energy, absorbs heat in the LNG vaporizer 14, is vaporized to a compressed natural gas state (CNG), and flows into the compressed natural gas storage tank 15 along a pipeline to be stored.
Meanwhile, the cold accumulation circulating fan 16 is started to drive the normal-temperature gas working medium to flow into the LNG evaporator 14 to absorb cold energy to a low-temperature state, and the low-temperature gas working medium flows into the low-temperature packed bed 17 to exchange heat with the solid particle cold accumulation material therein, so that high-grade cold energy is stored therein.
When the system is in the peak period of power utilization, the system releases energy outwards.
The high-grade heat energy and cold energy stored in the energy storage stage are converted into kinetic energy through heat engine circulation, and then converted into electric energy through the power generation unit 20 to be released.
The gas working medium in the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop flows through the low-temperature packed bed 17 to absorb low-temperature cold energy therein to be in a low-temperature normal-pressure state, and the gas working medium at the low temperature normal pressure enters the compressor unit 18 to be compressed to be in a normal temperature, medium/high-pressure state. The gas working medium with normal temperature and medium/high pressure flows through the high temperature packed bed 11 to absorb the high temperature heat energy therein to a high temperature and medium/high pressure state, and then flows into the expansion unit 19 to expand and do work. The expansion unit 19 is in transmission connection with the compressor unit 18, and the expansion unit 19 is in driving connection with the power generation unit 20. The expansion unit 19 drives the power generation unit 20 to generate power. The expanded gas at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the low-temperature packed bed 17 again to absorb cold energy. The cold and heat energy is converted into electric energy continuously and released in such a circulating way.
Selecting a working medium:
the gas working medium in the heat pump heating system, the heat storage loop, the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop and the hot side of the LNG evaporator 14 is one or more of argon, air, nitrogen and helium. Wherein the gas working mediums at the hot side of the heat storage loop, the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop and the LNG evaporator 14 are the same. The gas working medium of the heat pump heating system can be different from the loop.
The flowing working medium at the cold side of the LNG evaporator 14 in the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system is natural gas.
A power plant:
the driving unit 1 is a driving motor or an electric machine. When the driving unit 1 is a driving motor, one or more of the conventional power station valley electricity, nuclear electricity, wind electricity, solar power generation, hydroelectric power generation or tidal power generation is used as a power supply.
The total pressure ratio of the compressor unit 2 in the heat pump heating system to the compressor unit 18 in the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop is 3-20. When the compressor unit is a plurality of compressors, the plurality of compressors are in a coaxial series connection mode or a split-shaft parallel connection mode. In the parallel connection mode, each branch shaft is movably connected with the main driving shaft; the total expansion ratio of the expansion unit in the heat pump heating system and the expansion unit 19 in the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation loop is between 3 and 20; when the expansion machine set is a plurality of expansion machines, the plurality of expansion machines are in a coaxial series connection mode or a split-shaft parallel connection mode; in the parallel connection mode, each branch shaft is movably connected with the main driving shaft.
In the heat pump heating system, the pressure ratio of the compressor unit 2 is n times the expansion ratio of each stage of the expander unit (n is the number of stages of the expander unit in the heating circuit, and fig. 2 shows 3 stages of the expander, and actually 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 stages may be used).
A storage device:
the high-temperature packed bed 11 and the low-temperature packed bed 17 are cylinders, spheres or cuboids, and the solid cold and heat storage material can be one or a combination of more of rock, sand, metal particles, solid bricks and the like.
In conclusion, the heat pump electricity storage method utilizing the liquid natural gas cold energy provided by the invention provides a new idea of LNG cold energy recovery, and the LNG cold energy and the heat pump electricity storage system are innovatively combined to realize the recovery and utilization of high-grade cold energy.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heat pump electricity storage method utilizing cold energy of liquid natural gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a heat pump heating system is adopted to convert redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into heat energy which is used for providing heat energy required in the power generation process for a cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop;
the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system is adopted to obtain cold energy stored in the liquid natural gas and is used for providing cold energy required in the power generation process for the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop;
and a cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop is adopted to utilize the heat energy and the cold energy to generate power during the peak period of power utilization.
2. The heat pump electricity storage method using LNG cold energy according to claim 1,
the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system comprises a liquid natural gas storage tank, an LNG pump, an LNG evaporator, a compressed natural gas storage tank, a cold accumulation circulating fan and a low-temperature packed bed which are connected with one another;
the method for acquiring the cold energy stored in the liquefied natural gas by adopting the LNG cold energy recovery and storage system specifically comprises the following steps:
pumping the liquefied natural gas in the liquefied natural gas storage tank into the LNG vaporizer by using the LNG pump;
driving a normal-temperature gas working medium to flow into the LNG evaporator by using the cold accumulation circulating fan, so that heat exchange is carried out between the liquid natural gas and the normal-temperature gas;
enabling low-temperature gas formed after heat exchange of normal-temperature gas to flow into the low-temperature packed bed, and exchanging heat with solid particle cold storage materials in the low-temperature packed bed to store cold energy in the low-temperature packed bed;
and storing compressed natural gas formed by absorbing heat of the liquefied natural gas in the compressed natural gas storage tank.
3. The heat pump electricity storage method using LNG cold energy according to claim 2,
the heat pump heating system comprises a driving unit, a heating loop compressor unit, a heating loop multistage expansion unit, a cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger and a high-temperature packed bed which are connected with each other;
the method for converting the redundant electric energy in the electricity consumption valley period into the heat energy by adopting the heat pump heating system specifically comprises the following steps:
the driving unit drives the heating loop compressor unit to compress the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure to a high-temperature and high-pressure state by using electric energy;
flowing gas in a high-temperature and high-pressure state through the high-temperature packed bed, and exchanging heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed to store heat energy in the high-temperature packed bed;
after heat exchange is carried out by the high-temperature packed bed, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is converted into a normal-temperature and high-pressure state, so that the normal-temperature and high-pressure gas is expanded to a low-temperature normal-pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit;
the low-temperature and normal-pressure gas flows through the cold energy dissipation heat exchanger to be converted into normal-temperature and normal-pressure gas after heat exchange;
the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure flows to the heating loop compressor unit again.
4. The heat pump electricity storage method using LNG cold energy according to claim 3,
when the gas in the normal-temperature and high-pressure state is expanded to the low-temperature and normal-pressure state in the heating loop multistage expansion unit, the heating loop multistage expansion unit comprises three stages which are respectively marked as a first stage heating loop expansion machine, a second stage heating loop expansion machine and a third stage heating loop expansion machine;
the corresponding cold energy heat dissipation heat exchangers comprise three cold energy heat dissipation heat exchangers which are respectively marked as a first-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger, a second-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger and a third-stage cold energy heat dissipation heat exchanger;
wherein, the first level heats the return circuit expander the first level cold energy is arranged and is dispelled the heat exchanger the second level heats the return circuit expander the second level cold energy is arranged and is dispelled the heat exchanger the third level heats the return circuit expander and the third level cold energy is arranged and is dispersed the heat exchanger and be established ties in proper order and connect, so that follow the gas that the third level cold energy is arranged and is dispelled the heat exchanger outflow is normal atmospheric temperature and pressure state.
5. The heat pump electricity storage method using LNG cold energy according to claim 3,
the heat storage loop comprises a heat energy recovery heat exchanger, a heat storage circulating fan and the high-temperature packed bed which are connected;
flowing gas in a high-temperature and high-pressure state through the high-temperature packed bed, and exchanging heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed to store heat energy in the high-temperature packed bed specifically comprises the following steps;
flowing high temperature and high pressure gas into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger;
meanwhile, starting a heat storage circulating fan to drive the gas working medium in the heat storage loop to flow into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flowing into the heat energy recovery heat exchanger;
after releasing heat, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters a multi-stage expansion unit of the heating loop to be expanded after reaching a normal-temperature and high-pressure state;
the gas working medium in the heat storage loop absorbs heat and then is converted into a high-temperature gas working medium, the high-temperature gas working medium flows into the high-temperature packed bed to exchange heat with the solid particle heat storage material in the high-temperature packed bed, and heat energy is stored in the high-temperature packed bed;
and the high-temperature gas working medium flows out of the high-temperature packed bed and is converted into a normal-temperature gas working medium, and the normal-temperature gas working medium is driven by the heat storage circulating fan again to enter the heat energy recovery heat exchanger to absorb heat energy.
6. The heat pump electricity storage method using LNG cold energy according to claim 3,
the cold-heat energy heat engine power generation loop comprises a compressor unit, the high-temperature packed bed, an expansion unit, a power generation unit and the low-temperature packed bed;
the method for generating power by using the heat energy and the cold energy in the electricity utilization peak period by adopting the cold and hot energy heat engine power generation loop specifically comprises the following steps:
gas working media in the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop flow through the low-temperature packed bed to absorb cold energy therein to reach a low-temperature normal-pressure state;
the gas working medium with low temperature and normal pressure enters the compressor unit to be compressed to a normal temperature and medium/high pressure state;
the normal-temperature medium/high-pressure gas working medium flows through the high-temperature packed bed to absorb high-temperature heat energy therein to a high-temperature medium/high-pressure state;
then, the high-temperature, medium/high-pressure gas working medium flows into the expansion unit to do work through expansion, and the expansion unit drives the power generation unit to generate power;
the expanded gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the low-temperature packed bed again to absorb cold energy;
and repeating the circulation to continuously convert the cold energy and the heat energy into electric energy for release.
7. The heat pump electricity storage method using LNG cold energy according to claim 6,
wherein the cold-thermal energy heat engine power generation circuit further comprises a combustion chamber between the high temperature packed bed and the expander train;
combusting in the combustion chamber with compressed natural gas in a compressed natural gas storage tank;
and enabling the gas working medium with normal temperature, middle pressure and high pressure to flow through the high-temperature packed bed, and then flow through the combustion chamber to absorb high-temperature heat energy therein to be in a high-temperature, middle pressure and high pressure state.
8. The heat pump electricity storage method using LNG cold energy according to claim 6,
the gas working media in the heat pump heating system, the heat storage loop, the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop and the hot side of the LNG evaporator comprise one or more of argon, air, nitrogen and helium.
9. The heat pump electricity storage method using LNG cold energy according to claim 8,
the heat storage loop and the cold and heat energy heat engine power generation loop are the same as gas working media in the hot side of the LNG evaporator.
10. The heat pump electricity storage method using LNG cold energy according to claim 6,
the solid particle cold storage material in the low-temperature packed bed comprises one or more of rock, sand and stone, metal particles and solid brick materials;
the solid particulate heat storage material in the high temperature packed bed comprises one or more of rock, sand, metal particles and solid brick material.
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