CN105179033B - The system and its operation method of a kind of utilization cryogenic cold energy storage electric energy - Google Patents
The system and its operation method of a kind of utilization cryogenic cold energy storage electric energy Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses the novel energy-storing system and its operation method of a kind of utilization cryogenic cold energy storage electric energy, it is related to energy storing technology.During energy storage, it produces cryogenic cold energy and stores in cold energy memory by consuming compressor set group I of the electrical energy drive with cascade EDFA and expansion unit I；When releasing energy, after working fluid absorbs the cryogenic cold energy in cold energy memory, pressure rise after compressed unit II after high-temperature heat exchanger absorbs solar energy heat-storage or industrial exhaust heat, electrical power generators is driven by expanding unit II.The novel energy-storing system of utilization cryogenic cold energy of the invention storage electric energy have the advantages that low cost, conversion efficiency of thermoelectric it is high, suitable for various power stations (including the regenerative resource such as solar energy, wind energy power station), do not produce greenhouse gases, it is recyclable low temperature (calorific value) used heat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of green energy, in particular to a novel energy storage system and an operation method thereof, which can effectively realize efficient storage and utilization of electric energy, renewable energy, heat energy and cold energy based on organic integration of low-temperature cold energy storage, heat storage and power circulation.
Background
With the increasing popularization of renewable energy sources (wind energy, solar energy and the like) and the urgent needs of peak shaving, grid reliability improvement and electric energy quality improvement of a power grid, the importance of a power energy storage system is increasingly highlighted. The large-scale power energy storage technology can effectively solve the contradiction between power production and peak-valley difference in use; the problem of instability of intermittent energy generation such as wind power generation, solar energy, tidal energy and the like can be solved; the power storage system may provide an uninterrupted power supply when the distributed energy system encounters a local line fault.
The existing power energy storage technology comprises water pumping energy storage, compressed air energy storage, heat pump energy storage, storage battery energy storage, superconducting magnetic energy, flywheel energy storage and the like.
The water pumping energy storage system sends water from a low-level reservoir to a high-level reservoir through a water pump at a power utilization valley, so that electric energy is converted into potential energy of the water to be stored; at the peak of electricity utilization, water is discharged from a high-level reservoir to a low-level reservoir to drive a water turbine to generate electricity. The water pumping energy storage system has the advantages of mature technology, high efficiency, large capacity, unlimited energy storage period and the like, and is a widely used electric energy storage system at present. But requires superior geographical conditions for constructing reservoirs and dams, has a long construction period, large initial investment and causes ecological problems.
The compressed air is stored in the electricity utilization valley, the air is compressed (4-8Mpa) and stored in the air storage chamber, and the electric energy is converted into the pressure energy of the air to be stored; in the peak of electricity utilization, high-pressure air is released from the air storage chamber, preheated by the heat regenerator, enters the combustion chamber of the gas turbine for combustion, and then drives the turbine to generate electricity. The compressed air energy storage system has the advantages of large energy storage capacity, long energy storage period, high efficiency, relatively small investment and the like. However, the compressed air energy storage system also requires special geographical conditions to build large-scale gas storage chambers, such as rock caverns, salt caverns, abandoned mines and the like, and the application range of the compressed air energy storage system is limited. And the heat source is provided by depending on the combustion of fossil fuel, pollutants such as nitride, sulfide, carbon dioxide and the like are generated by combustion, and the development requirements of green (zero emission) and renewable energy sources are not met.
The storage battery stores the chemical energy converted from the electric energy into the battery, has the advantages of fast response to load, easy combination with various power stations, capability of increasing the stability of a power system and the like, and is suitable for serving as energy storage equipment of the power system. However, the current storage battery technology still has the defects of high price, short service life, low energy density, difficult elimination of chemical pollution of waste and the like. Although batteries are used in short-time and low-capacity backup power supplies, they still cannot meet the requirements of large-scale power storage systems.
The superconducting energy storage technology leads current into a ring-shaped inductance coil, and the ring-shaped inductance coil is made of superconducting materials, so that the current can be continuously circulated in the coil without loss until the current is led out. The superconducting magnetic energy storage system has extremely high charge-discharge efficiency and quick response time, but is very expensive, is about tens to hundreds times of other types of energy storage systems, and is not suitable for large-scale application in large-scale power energy storage systems.
Flywheel energy storage is to convert electric energy into mechanical energy of a flywheel for storage, but has the problems of low energy density, bearing loss and the like. The existing flywheel and capacitor energy storage system have the problems of high manufacturing cost, small energy storage capacity, serious self-dissipation and the like, and can not meet the requirements of an electric energy storage system.
The heat pump energy storage technology is an emerging energy storage technology in recent years, and the technology utilizes a group of efficient and reversible heat engines to simultaneously convert electric energy into heat energy and cold energy and store the heat energy and the cold energy in two heat-insulating containers. The heat pump energy storage technology needs to store high-temperature heat energy and low-temperature cold energy at the same time, and particularly, the high-temperature heat energy storage requirement pressure condition is high, and a large-size high-pressure container is needed, so that the technology is high in manufacturing cost.
The heat storage technology is a key technology for solving the contradiction between the two heat supply and demand sides in time and space, and is applied to solar heat utilization and industrial waste heat utilization in a large scale. The heat storage technology can be generally divided into sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and chemical heat storage. At present, sensible heat storage technology is mature, latent heat storage is still in a commercial demonstration stage, and chemical heat storage technology is in a laboratory research stage. The heat storage technology has low cost and great development potential, but the utilization of the heat storage technology for electricity storage is mainly limited by the heat energy/electric energy conversion efficiency, and the overall energy storage efficiency is not high. For example, in the prior art, there is a system for storing electric energy by using high-temperature thermal energy, which includes a heat storage loop and a heat release loop, in which a combination of a compressor and an expander is used to store or release thermal energy in both loops, the heat storage phase stores compressed heat in a heat storage medium, and the heat release phase releases the stored heat in the heat storage medium to heat a working fluid, and then pushes the expander to do work, and although the system realizes the storage and release of electric power to some extent, it also has significant disadvantages and shortcomings, which are prominently expressed as: (1) the heat energy of the working medium is stored under high pressure, and the high-pressure heat storage equipment needs a thick-walled pressure vessel and is large in size and high in manufacturing cost; (2) in the energy storage stage, the temperature of the high-pressure air is greatly reduced after the heat of the high-pressure air is absorbed by the heat storage medium, then the pressure of the medium-temperature high-pressure air is reduced to normal pressure after passing through the expansion machine with the same pressure ratio as that of the medium-temperature high-pressure air in the compression process, the available energy loss of the high-pressure air in the expansion process is large, the output work is less, and therefore the system efficiency in the energy storage process is low. (3) The heat release stage utilizes a closed compression-expansion circulation loop, the stored heat energy and other auxiliary heat energy (such as solar heat, industrial waste heat and the like) cannot be simultaneously utilized, and room temperature is used as the temperature of a low-temperature heat source of a thermodynamic cycle, so that the temperature difference of a cold end and a hot end of the system is small, the system is limited by the efficiency of the Carnot cycle, and the capacity and the efficiency of the system for outputting mechanical energy or electric energy are greatly reduced.
Therefore, the existing power energy storage systems all have different defects, and a novel energy storage system with low cost, high efficiency and long service life is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a novel energy storage system for storing electric energy by using low-temperature cold energy and an operation method thereof. The energy storage system has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, long service life, no limitation of geographical conditions and the like, so that the problem of poor peak-valley difference in power production and use is solved, and the adverse effect of power generation on a power grid caused by factors such as intermittence and instability of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a system for storing electrical energy using cryogenic cold energy, comprising: an energy storage loop, an energy release loop and an auxiliary heat storage subsystem;
the energy storage loop comprises a generator, an expander unit I, a cold energy storage, a compressor unit I (comprising a first-stage compressor, a second-stage compressor and a third-stage compressor), and an interstage heat exchanger (comprising a first-stage compressor heat exchanger, a second-stage compressor heat exchanger and a third-stage compressor heat exchanger);
the energy release loop comprises a motor, an expansion unit II, a cold energy storage, a compressor unit II and a high-temperature heat exchanger;
the auxiliary heat storage subsystem comprises: the system comprises a heat collector, a low-temperature storage, a high-temperature storage and a high-temperature heat exchanger;
wherein, the motor in the energy storage circuit, compressor unit I and expansion unit I arrange on common axle, perhaps connect through the gearbox, and wherein expansion unit I inserts the low temperature side pipeline of cold energy memory at the export pipeline, the high temperature side pipeline of cold energy memory passes through first order compressor in proper order, the working gas pipeline of first order compressor heat exchanger, the second grade compressor, the working gas pipeline of second grade compressor heat exchanger, the working gas pipeline of third level compressor and third level compressor heat exchanger, the working gas pipeline output of third level compressor heat exchanger links to each other with the inlet pipeline of expander, form the working gas return circuit for environment confined.
The working gas discharged by the compressor unit I in the energy storage loop is cooled in the interstage heat exchanger through cooling fluid, and the material of the cooling fluid is one or a combination of at least 2 of water, air, oil and alcohol aqueous solution.
The generator, the compressor unit II and the expander unit II in the energy release loop are arranged on a common shaft or connected through a gearbox, the compressor unit II is connected to a working gas side low-temperature side pipeline of the high-temperature heat exchanger in an outlet pipeline, a working gas side high-temperature side pipeline of the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected to a cold energy storage high-temperature side pipeline, and the cold energy storage low-temperature side pipeline is communicated with an input end of the compressor unit II to form a working gas loop which is closed relative to the environment.
The output end of the heat collector of the auxiliary heat storage subsystem sequentially passes through the high-temperature storage, the high-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature storage to form a high-temperature heat transfer and storage fluid loop. The high-temperature heat exchanger is one or a combination of at least 2 of plate type, plate fin type, shell and tube type, spiral plate type and double-pipe type heat exchangers. The material of the heat transfer and storage fluid is one or a combination of at least 2 of heat transfer oil, molten salt and water; the heat energy of the heat transfer and storage fluid can also come from industrial waste heat and waste heat of steel, thermoelectricity and the like.
In the system for storing electric energy by using low-temperature cold energy, the cold energy storage adopts a cold storage material as a low-temperature cold storage medium, and when low-temperature working gas during the operation of the energy storage loop flows through the cold energy storage, the low-temperature cold energy is absorbed by the low-temperature cold storage medium and is stored; when the working gas in the operation of the energy release loop flows through the cold energy storage device, the low-temperature cold energy in the low-temperature cold accumulation medium is released and absorbed by the working gas. The cold energy storage material of the cold energy storage is one or a combination of at least 2 of sensible heat cold accumulation or solid-liquid phase change cold accumulation, the sensible heat cold accumulation medium comprises a porous material, rocks, bricks, sand, ceramic balls and metal particles, and the solid-liquid phase change cold accumulation medium comprises one or more of ammonia and aqueous solution thereof, saline aqueous solution, alkanes, alkenes and compounds thereof, alcohols and aqueous solution thereof, wherein the solid-liquid phase change temperature of the ammonia and aqueous solution thereof is in a low temperature region; the heat exchange mode is that the working fluid is in direct contact heat exchange or indirect contact heat exchange with a cold accumulation medium in the cold energy storage; the external heat-insulating material of the cold energy storage is one or more of glass fiber, polyurethane foam, pearl sand or vacuum pumping in the interlayer wall surface. The cold energy storage is internally provided with a heat exchange device, the liquefied natural gas and the low-temperature gas in the air separation industry pass through the heat exchange device, and the low-temperature cold energy of the low-temperature gas is absorbed and stored by a cold storage medium in the cold energy storage and is released for power generation in the energy-releasing power generation stage.
The compressor unit I is formed by connecting 1 level or at least 2 levels in series and is a piston type, an axial flow type, a centrifugal type, a screw type or a mixed type; the expansion units I and II are formed by connecting 1 stage or at least 2 stages in series and are piston type, axial flow type, centripetal type, screw type or mixed type.
The energy storage system for storing the electric energy by the low-temperature cold energy is used in a renewable energy power plant, and stores and stably outputs intermittent unstable energy; the energy storage system is used in a power plant or a user of an electric grid system, stores electric energy in a power utilization valley and outputs electric energy in a power utilization peak.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an operation method of the above system for storing electric energy by using cold energy at low temperature, which comprises the following specific processes:
when the energy is stored, the energy storage device can store the energy,
i) the heat energy with low energy flux density is gathered into medium-high temperature heat energy with high energy flux density, and provides heat energy for the heat collector, and the heat transfer and storage fluid from the low-temperature storage absorbs heat in the heat collector and becomes high-temperature heat transfer and storage fluid to be stored in the high-temperature storage;
j) electric energy is converted into mechanical energy through the motor unit to drive the expansion unit I and the compressor unit I to operate, normal-temperature high-pressure working gas is converted into low-pressure low-temperature working gas after being expanded through the expansion unit I, and shaft work produced in the gas expansion process drives the compressor unit I to operate;
k) the low-pressure low-temperature working gas discharged by the expansion unit I exchanges heat when flowing through the cold storage device, cold energy is stored in the cold storage device, and the low-pressure normal-temperature working gas is discharged from the cold storage device and enters the compressor unit I;
l) converting low-pressure normal-temperature working gas discharged from the self-cooling storage into normal-temperature high-pressure working gas sequentially through each stage of compressor and corresponding interstage heat exchangers, and enabling the working gas to enter an expansion unit I to form a closed loop;
when the energy is released, the water pump can work,
m) high-temperature and high-pressure working gas discharged from the high-temperature heat exchanger enters an expansion unit II to expand, and simultaneously, a shaft drives a compressor unit II to operate and a generator to generate electricity, and low-pressure and normal-temperature working gas is discharged from the expansion unit II;
n) discharging low-pressure normal-temperature working gas from the expansion unit II, performing heat exchange when the working gas flows through the cold storage device, releasing low-temperature cold energy in the cold storage device, and discharging normal-temperature high-pressure working gas after the low-pressure low-temperature working gas discharged from the cold storage device enters the compressor unit II;
o) the normal-temperature high-pressure working gas discharged by the compressor unit II passes through the high-temperature heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-temperature heat transfer and storage fluid from the high-temperature storage device, and the working fluid is converted into the high-temperature high-pressure working gas to enter the expander unit II to form a closed loop;
p) the high-temperature heat transfer and storage fluid is cooled by the high-temperature heat exchanger and then stored in the low-temperature storage device, and a primary heat storage and release cycle is completed.
The system for storing the electric energy by the low-temperature cold energy takes working gas of the energy storage loop and the energy release loop as a power cycle working medium, and converts the electric energy into the low-temperature cold energy and stores the low-temperature cold energy in the energy storage process; in the energy releasing process, cold energy is output to the compressed working gas, the compression energy consumption is reduced, and the compressed gas is heated to the temperature of an inlet of the expansion machine by the high-temperature heat exchanger and then enters the expansion machine to be expanded to do work.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding advantages:
1. the invention converts the electric energy into the low-temperature cold energy under the normal pressure for storage, the low-temperature cold energy storage device has simple structure, cheap and easily available cold storage materials, low cost of the cold storage container and long service life of the cold storage device, eliminates the defects of high cost of energy storage equipment, short energy storage period, short service life, environmental pollution and the like of the traditional electric energy storage system, and is very suitable for long-time large-capacity electric power storage.
2. The system for storing electric energy by using low-temperature cold energy has the advantages of high electric energy-cold energy conversion efficiency, improvement of working capacity of solar heat energy and industrial waste heat energy by using a low-temperature cold source, and high integral performance of an energy storage system. And the low-temperature cold energy storage device has low cold energy dissipation rate, and can realize long-time and efficient power storage.
3. The system for storing electric energy by low-temperature cold energy has the advantages of being suitable for various power stations (including renewable energy power stations such as solar energy, wind energy and the like), not generating greenhouse gases, being capable of recovering middle-low-temperature (heat value) waste heat and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of the system for storing electric energy by using cold energy at low temperature according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the system for storing electric energy by using cold energy at low temperature according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the system of embodiment 3 for storing electric energy by cold energy at low temperature according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the system of embodiment 1 for storing electric energy by using cold energy at low temperature of the present invention includes an energy storage loop 102, an energy releasing loop 103, and a solar energy heat storage subsystem.
The tank circuit shown in fig. 1 comprises: the system comprises an expander 1, a cold energy storage 2, a first-stage compressor 3, a first-stage compressor heat exchanger 4, a second-stage compressor 5, a second-stage compressor heat exchanger 6, a third-stage compressor 7 and a third-stage compressor heat exchanger 8. The working gas circulates through these components as indicated by the solid lines with arrows in fig. 1. The shaft of the motor 9 is connected to the shafts of the expander 1 and the compressors 3, 5, 7. Furthermore, cooling liquids 18, 19, 20 are connected in the heat exchangers 4, 6, 8, respectively.
The operation flow of the energy storage cycle is as follows: firstly, electric energy is converted into mechanical energy through the motor 9 to drive the expansion machine 1 and the compressor unit 101 to operate, normal-temperature low-pressure working gas discharged from the cold energy storage 2 sequentially enters the first-stage compressor 3, the first-stage compressor heat exchanger 4, the second-stage compressor 5, the second-stage compressor heat exchanger 6, the third-stage compressor 7 and the third-stage compressor heat exchanger 8 to be converted into normal-temperature high-pressure working gas to enter the expansion machine 1, the high-pressure working gas is converted into low-pressure low-temperature working gas after being expanded by the expansion machine 1, the low-pressure low-temperature working gas discharged by the expansion machine 1 exchanges heat when flowing through the cold energy storage 2, cold energy is stored in the cold energy storage 2, and the normal-temperature low-pressure working gas is discharged from the cold energy storage. Work done in the gas expansion process is output to the shaft, the work done by the motor 9 and the expander 1 drives the compressor unit 101 to operate together, the consumed electric energy is the difference value of the work consumed by the compressor and the work output by the expander, and the stored electric energy is cold energy in the cold storage device 2.
The energy release circuit 103 depicted in fig. 1 comprises a generator 13, an expander 12, a cold energy storage 2, a compressor 10 and a high temperature heat exchanger 11. The working gas circulates through these components as indicated by the solid lines with arrows in fig. 1. The rotary shaft of the generator 13 is connected to the rotary shafts of the expander 12 and the compressor 10. In addition, the solar high temperature heat transfer and storage fluid circulation 22 exchanges heat with the working gas through the high temperature heat exchanger 11.
The operation flow of the energy release cycle is as follows: first, the low-pressure and normal-temperature working gas discharged from the expander 12 exchanges heat when flowing through the cold storage 2, the low-temperature cold energy in the cold storage 2 is released, and the low-pressure and low-temperature working gas discharged from the cold storage 2 enters the compressor 10 and then discharges the normal-temperature and high-pressure working gas. The working gas further passes through the high-temperature heat exchanger 11, and then is discharged at high temperature and high pressure, and enters the expander 12 to form a closed loop. The energy consumption component in the energy release circulating system is a compressor 10, the work doing component is an expansion machine 12, the generated electric energy is the difference value between the work output of the expansion machine and the power consumption of the compressor, and the cold energy and the solar heat energy in the cold storage device 2 consumed in the energy release process generate electric energy.
During the charging cycle, the low temperature heat energy with low energy flow density is collected into the medium and high temperature heat energy with high energy flow density, and provides heat energy for the solar energy through the heat collector, and the heat storage fluid from the storage 14 absorbs heat in the heat collector and becomes the high temperature heat transfer fluid to be stored in the high temperature storage 16. In the energy release cycle process, the high-temperature heat transfer and storage fluid is cooled by the high-temperature heat exchanger 11 and then stored in the low-temperature storage 14, so that one heat storage and release cycle is completed.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, an embodiment 2 of the system for coupling low-temperature cold energy storage electric energy with wind power generation according to the present invention includes an energy storage loop 104, an energy release loop 103, and a solar energy heat storage subsystem.
The tank circuit 104 shown in fig. 2 includes: the system comprises an expander 1, a cold energy storage 2, a first-stage compressor 3, a first-stage compressor heat exchanger 4, a second-stage compressor 5, a second-stage compressor heat exchanger 6, a third-stage compressor 7 and a third-stage compressor heat exchanger 8. The working gas circulates through these components as indicated by the solid lines with arrows in fig. 1. The wind wheel 25 of the wind power generation system is connected with a gearbox 26, and the rotating shaft of the gearbox 26 is connected with the rotating shafts of the expander 1 and the compressors 3, 5 and 7. Furthermore, cooling liquids 18, 19, 20 are connected in the heat exchangers 4, 6, 8, respectively. The gas circulation during energy storage in embodiment 2 is the same as the energy storage circuit in embodiment 1, and is not described again here. In the energy storage cycle, the consumed wind energy is the difference value between the power consumption of the compressor and the power output of the expander, and the stored wind energy is the cold energy in the cold storage device 2.
The gas circulation in the energy release cycle of example 2 is the same as the energy release cycle of example 1, and is not described herein again.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 3, the system embodiment 3 for coupling the low-temperature cold energy storage electric energy with the industrial waste heat and the waste cold energy according to the present invention includes an energy storage loop 102 and an energy release loop 105.
The gas cycle in the energy storage cycle of example 3 is the same as the energy storage cycle of example 1. In the energy storage cycle, the electric motor 9 and the work of the expansion machine 1 drive the compressor unit 101 to operate together, the consumed electric energy is the difference value between the power consumption of the compressor and the work output of the expansion machine, and the stored electric energy is the cold energy in the cold storage 2. In addition, during the energy storage cycle and at the intervals of energy charging/discharging, industrial residual cold fluid 23 from liquefied natural gas or air separation system enters the cold energy storage 2, and the low-temperature cold energy of the cold fluid is absorbed by the cold storage medium in the cold energy storage 2 and used for generating electric energy in the energy discharging process.
The energy release cycle 105 depicted in fig. 3 comprises an electric motor 13, an expander 12, a cold energy storage 2, a compressor 10 and a high temperature heat exchanger 11. The working gas circulates through these components as indicated by the solid lines with arrows in fig. 3. The rotary shaft of the generator 13 is connected to the rotary shafts of the expander 12 and the compressor 10. In addition, the industrial waste heat cycle 22 from the steel and heat power fields exchanges heat with the working gas through the high temperature heat exchanger 11. The gas cycle in the energy release cycle of example 3 was the same as the energy release cycle of example 1. The energy consumption component in the energy release circulating system is a compressor 10, the acting component is an expansion machine 12, the generated electric energy is the difference between the work output of the expansion machine and the power consumption of the compressor, and the cold energy, the industrial residual cold and the industrial residual heat generated by the energy charging circulation consumed in the energy release process generate the electric energy.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as the subject matter of any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. An energy storage system for storing electric energy with cold energy at low temperatures with an energy storage circuit (102) for a working gas and an energy release circuit (103), characterized in that,
-the energy storage circuit (102) comprises a generator (9), a compressor unit i (101) with interstage cooling, an expander unit i (1) and a cold energy storage (2), and wherein: the compressor unit I (101) and the expansion unit I (1) are arranged on a common shaft or are connected through a gearbox, a working gas pipeline on the outlet side of the compressor unit I (101) is connected to an inlet pipeline of the expansion unit I (1), an outlet pipeline of the expansion unit I (1) is connected to a cold accumulation side low-temperature inlet pipeline of the cold energy storage device (2), and a cold accumulation side high-temperature outlet pipeline of the cold energy storage device (2) is connected to a working gas pipeline on the inlet side of the compressor unit I (101) to form a working gas loop which is closed relative to the environment;
-the energy release circuit (103) comprises an electric motor (13), a compressor group II (10), an expander group II (12), a cold energy storage (2) and a high temperature heat exchanger (11), the cold energy storage in the energy release circuit (103) and the cold energy storage in the energy storage circuit (102) are the same component, and wherein the compressor group II (10) and the expander group II (12) are arranged on a common shaft or connected by a gearbox, and wherein an outlet side working gas line of the compressor group II (10) is connected with a working gas side inlet line of the high temperature heat exchanger (11), a working gas side outlet line of the high temperature heat exchanger (11) is connected with an inlet line of the expander group II (12), an outlet line of the expander group II (12) is connected into a cold side low temperature inlet line of the cold energy storage (2), a high-temperature outlet pipeline at the cold release side of the cold energy storage (2) is connected with an inlet pipeline of a compressor unit II (10) to form a working gas loop which is closed relative to the environment;
wherein,
the energy release circuit (103) further comprises a high temperature heat transfer and storage fluid circuit (22), the high temperature heat transfer and storage fluid circuit (22) being connected to the high temperature side of the high temperature heat exchanger (11) such that the working gas is heated within the working gas side of the high temperature heat exchanger (11) by absorbing heat from the heat transfer and storage fluid in the high temperature side of the high temperature heat exchanger (11).
2. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the high temperature heat transfer and storage fluid circuit (22) comprises a high temperature heat exchanger (11), a low temperature storage (14), a heat collector (15) and a high temperature storage (16), the high temperature heat exchanger in the high temperature heat transfer and storage fluid circuit (22) and the high temperature heat exchanger in the energy release circuit (103) are the same component, and wherein a high temperature side inlet of the high temperature heat exchanger (11) is communicated with an outlet of the high temperature storage (16), a high temperature side outlet of the high temperature heat exchanger (11) is communicated with an inlet of the low temperature storage (14), and an outlet of the low temperature storage (14) is communicated with an inlet of the high temperature storage (16) after passing through the heat collector (15).
3. Energy storage system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the energy storage circuit (102), the compressor unit I (101) with interstage cooling is composed of not less than 2 stages of compressors (3, 5, 7), the working gas enters interstage heat exchangers (4, 6, 8) for heat exchange after being compressed by each stage of compressor (3, 5, 7) of the compressor unit I, and heat is carried away by cooling fluid (18, 19, 20).
4. The energy storage system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the working gas is one or at least 2 mixtures of non-aqueous air, nitrogen, oxygen, helium, argon.
5. The energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the temperature of the working gas in the high temperature heat exchanger (11) increases after absorbing the thermal energy of the heat transfer and storage fluid, and the high temperature heat exchanger (11) is one of a plate-fin type, a shell-and-tube type, a spiral plate type and a double-pipe type heat exchanger or a combination of at least 2 of the above.
6. The energy storage system of claim 5, wherein the material of the heat transfer and storage fluid is one of heat transfer oil, molten salt, water, or a combination of at least 2.
7. The energy storage system of claim 6, wherein the heat transfer and storage fluid is derived from industrial waste heat, or solar heat.
8. The energy storage system of claim 7, wherein if the heat energy of the heat transfer and storage fluid comes from solar heat, the heat collector is a solar heat collector (15), and during the period of solar energy sufficient for solar energy, the heat transfer and storage fluid is pumped out from the low-temperature storage (14), flows through the solar heat collector (15) to absorb solar light heat, and then the heat transfer and storage fluid with high temperature is stored in the high-temperature storage (16); in the energy releasing and power generating stage, the high-temperature heat transfer and storage fluid is pumped out from the high-temperature storage (16) and enters the high-temperature heat exchanger (11), and after the heat energy is absorbed by the working fluid, the low-temperature heat transfer and storage fluid is stored in the low-temperature storage (14).
9. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the cold energy storage material of the cold energy storage device (2) is one or a combination of at least 2 of sensible heat cold accumulation and solid-liquid phase change cold accumulation, the sensible heat cold accumulation medium comprises porous materials, rocks, bricks, gravel, ceramic balls and metal particles, and the solid-liquid phase change cold accumulation medium comprises one or more of ammonia and its aqueous solution, saline aqueous solution, alkanes, alkenes and their compounds, alcohols and their aqueous solution with solid-liquid phase change temperature in a low temperature region.
10. Energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that the cold energy store (2) is in the form of a direct-contact heat exchange or a non-direct-contact heat exchange of the working fluid in the cold energy store (2) with a cold storage medium.
11. Energy storage system according to claim 10, characterized in that the external insulating material of the cold energy storage (2) is one or a combination of several of glass fibre, polyurethane foam, pearlife or a vacuum in the sandwich wall.
12. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat exchange device is further arranged in the cold energy storage device (2), the liquefied natural gas and the low-temperature gas in the air separation industry pass through the heat exchange device, and the low-temperature cold energy of the low-temperature gas is absorbed and stored by the cold storage medium in the cold energy storage device (2) and is released for power generation in the energy-releasing and power-generating stage.
13. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: each stage of the compressor in the compressor unit I (101) and the compressor unit II (10) is formed by connecting 1 stage or at least 2 stages in series, and each stage of the compressor is a piston type, an axial flow type, a centrifugal type, a screw type or a mixed type.
14. The energy storage system of claim 13, wherein the expander trains i (1) and ii (12) are formed by connecting at least 2 or 1 stage expanders in series, each stage expander being of piston type, axial flow type, radial type, screw type or hybrid type.
15. Energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that the material of the cooling fluid (18, 19, 20) is one or a combination of at least 2 of water, air, oil, aqueous alcohol solutions.
16. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the energy storage system is used in a renewable energy power plant, stores intermittently unstable energy and stabilizes output; the energy storage system is used in a power plant or a user of an electric grid system, stores electric energy in a power utilization valley and outputs electric energy in a power utilization peak.
17. A method of operating an energy storage system for storing electric energy using cold energy at cryogenic temperatures according to any of claims 2 and 5 to 8,
when the energy is stored, the energy storage device can store the energy,
a) the heat energy with low energy flux density is gathered into medium-high temperature heat energy with high energy flux density, and provides heat energy for the heat collector, and the heat transfer and storage fluid from the low-temperature storage absorbs heat in the heat collector and becomes high-temperature heat transfer and storage fluid to be stored in the high-temperature storage;
b) electric energy is converted into mechanical energy through the motor unit to drive the expansion unit I and the compressor unit I to operate, normal-temperature high-pressure working gas is converted into low-pressure low-temperature working gas after being expanded through the expansion unit I, and shaft work produced in the gas expansion process drives the compressor unit I to operate;
c) the low-pressure low-temperature working gas discharged by the expansion unit I exchanges heat when flowing through the cold energy storage device, cold energy is stored in the cold energy storage device, and the low-pressure normal-temperature working gas is discharged from the cold energy storage device and enters the compressor unit I;
d) the low-pressure normal-temperature working gas discharged from the cold energy storage device is converted into normal-temperature high-pressure working gas through the compressors of all stages and the corresponding interstage heat exchangers in sequence, and the normal-temperature high-pressure working gas enters the expansion unit I to form a closed loop;
when the energy is released, the water pump can work,
e) high-temperature and high-pressure working gas discharged from the high-temperature heat exchanger enters an expansion unit II to expand, and simultaneously drives a compressor unit II to operate and a generator to generate electricity through a shaft, and low-pressure and normal-temperature working gas is discharged from the expansion unit II;
f) the low-pressure and normal-temperature working gas discharged from the expansion unit II exchanges heat when flowing through the cold energy storage device, the low-temperature cold energy in the cold energy storage device is released, and the low-pressure and low-temperature working gas discharged from the cold energy storage device enters the compressor unit II and then is discharged as the normal-temperature and high-pressure working gas;
g) the normal-temperature high-pressure working gas discharged by the compressor unit II passes through the high-temperature heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-temperature heat transfer and storage fluid from the high-temperature storage device, and the working fluid is converted into the high-temperature high-pressure working gas to enter the expander unit II to form a closed loop;
h) the high-temperature heat transfer and storage fluid is cooled by the high-temperature heat exchanger and then stored in the low-temperature storage to complete one heat storage and release cycle.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the working gas of the energy storage loop and the energy release loop is a power cycle working medium, and the electric energy is converted into low-temperature cold energy and stored in the energy storage process; in the energy releasing process, cold energy is output to the compressed working gas, the compression energy consumption is reduced, and the compressed gas is heated to the temperature of an inlet of the expansion machine by the high-temperature heat exchanger and then enters the expansion machine to be expanded to do work.
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