CN105114138B - A kind of low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system and operation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105114138B CN105114138B CN201510493449.0A CN201510493449A CN105114138B CN 105114138 B CN105114138 B CN 105114138B CN 201510493449 A CN201510493449 A CN 201510493449A CN 105114138 B CN105114138 B CN 105114138B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system and operation method thereof, relate to energy storage technologies.During energy storage, it consumes the compressor bank I of electrical energy drive band interstage cooling by motor and expands unit I, produces cryogenic cold energy and is stored in the low temperature cold storage material in cold energy memorizer by heat exchanger；When releasing energy, release after the working fluid in cold power generation cycle absorbs the cryogenic cold energy in cold energy memorizer by another heat exchanger and liquefy, gasify through pervaporation device after pump adherence pressure, and then drive electrical power generators by expansion unit II.The low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system that utilizes of the present invention has maximization low cost, efficiency height, does not produce the advantage such as greenhouse gases and recyclable middle low temperature (calorific value) used heat, is particularly suitable in electrical power storage extensive, long using.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of new energies, follow based on cryogenic cold energy storage, heat accumulation and power
The organic combination of ring, effectively realizes the low cost of electric energy, heat energy and cold energy, efficient storage and profit
Novel energy-storing system and electricity-generating method.
Background technology
Along with becoming increasingly popular of the regenerative resource such as wind energy, solar energy, and peak load regulation network and district
Territory energy supply and the urgent needs of raising electric network reliability, the importance of electric energy storing system is day by day
Highlight.Extensive power energy storage technology can effectively solve power generation and peak-valley difference in use
Contradiction；The batch (-type) renewable energy power generation unstability such as wind energy, solar energy can be solved；When
When Regional Energy system encounters the line fault of local, between electric energy storing system can provide not
Disconnected power supply supply.
Have at present power energy storage technology include drawing water energy storage, compressed-air energy storage, heat pump energy storage,
Batteries to store energy, superconduction magnetic energy, flywheel energy storage and super capacitor etc..
Water is delivered to high-order water from low level reservoir at low power consumption by water pump by water-pumping energy-storage system
Storehouse, thus the potential energy converting electrical energy into water stores；In peak of power consumption, water is from high-order water
Storehouse is emitted into low level reservoir and drives hydraulic turbine generating.Energy storage of drawing water have technology maturation, efficiency high,
The advantages such as capacity is big, the energy storage cycle is unrestricted, are now widely used electric energy storing systems.
However it is necessary that superior geographical conditions build reservoir and dam, the construction period is longer, initial investment
Huge and ecological problem can be brought.
Air, at low power consumption, is compressed (4-8Mpa) and is stored in air storage chamber by compressed-air energy storage,
The pressure converting electrical energy into air can store；In peak of power consumption, pressure-air is from gas storage
Room discharges, and after regenerator preheats, enters gas-turbine combustion chamber burning, then drives turbine
Generating.Compressed-air energy-storage system have that stored energy capacitance is relatively big, energy storage cycle length, efficiency high and
Invest the advantages such as relatively small.But, compressed-air energy-storage system is also required to special geographical bar
Part builds large-scale air storage chamber, such as rock cavity, Yan Dong, abandoned mine etc., limits compression sky
Gas energy storage systematic difference scope.And need to rely on combustion of fossil fuels and thermal source, burning are provided
Produce the pollutant such as nitride, sulfide and carbon dioxide, do not meet green (zero-emission), can
The energy development requirement of regeneration.
Batteries to store energy converts electrical energy into the chemical energy of battery and stores, and has load anti-
Should soon, easily with advantages such as the combination of multiple power station and the stability that power system can be increased, suitable
Cooperation is power system energy storage device.But, current battery technology still suffer from expensive,
Service life is short, energy density is low and waste chemical pollutes and is difficult to the shortcomings such as elimination.Although storing
Battery was applied in short time and low capacity stand-by power supply, but still cannot meet large-scale power
The requirement of energy-storage system.
Superconducting energy storage technology induces current into toroidal inductor, due to this toroidal inductor by
Superconductor is made, and therefore electric current can the most constantly circulate in coil, until deriving
Till.Superconduction magnetic energy energy-storage system has high efficiency for charge-discharge and fast-response time, but
Price is much more expensive, and about other types energy-storage system is tens of to hundreds times, is unsuitable for extensive
Large-scale application in large-scale power energy-storage system.
Flywheel energy storage is that the mechanical energy converting electrical energy into flywheel stores, but there is energy
Density is low and the problem such as bearing loss.There is cost height, storage in flywheel current and capacitor energy storage system
The problems such as energy capacity is little, oneself dissipation is serious, it is impossible to meet the requirement of electric energy storing system.
Heat pump energy storage technology is the most emerging energy storage technology, and this technology utilizes one group efficiently may be used
Electric energy is converted into heat energy and cold energy simultaneously and is stored in two thermally insulated containers by inverse heat engine.By
Need to store high temperature heat and cryogenic cold energy, especially high temperature heat in heat pump energy storage technology to deposit simultaneously
The condition of desirable pressure of storage is higher, needs the high-pressure bottle of large volume, therefore the making of this technology
Valency is higher.
Heat-storage technology is the key technology solving hot both sides of supply and demand contradiction over time and space,
Through large-scale application in utilizing at solar thermal utilization and industrial exhaust heat.Heat-storage technology typically may be used
It is divided into sensible heat heat accumulation, latent heat heat accumulation and chemical heat storage three class.
Sensible heat heat accumulation stores heat energy by the change of heat-storing material temperature suction/heat release, be principle
Simply, a class energy accumulating technique that technology is the most ripe, there is low cost, efficiency advantages of higher.Aobvious
Hot heat accumulation can be divided into packed bed solid heat-storage technology, concrete heat accumulation and double-pot type liquid further
The heat-storage technology such as (water, conduction oil and fuse salt) heat accumulation, at industrial circle and the sun
Can be widely applied by hot power field.
The latent heat of phase change absorbed when latent heat heat accumulation undergoes phase transition mainly by heat accumulating or release
Realize the storage of energy, have storage density compared with high, temperature fluctuation range is little, compact conformation
Etc. advantage.Chemical heat storage mainly carries out heat accumulation by the reaction heat of chemical reaction, has storage
Can density high, can long term storage advantage, but technical sophistication, the most immature.Latent heat storage at present
Heat is still in commercial demonstration phase, chemical heat storage technology is in the laboratory research stage, on big rule
Need before mould application to solve many problems.
Ice storage technology is extensive commercialization storage refrigeration technique currently mainly, ultralow for deep cooling
The research of warm area storage refrigeration technique is little.Although current heat-storage technology has the advantage of low cost,
But power storage system efficiency is limited by heat accumulation/photoelectric transformation efficiency.Prior art such as deposit
In such a kind of system utilizing high temperature heat storage electric energy, it includes heat accumulation loop and heat release
Loop, all utilizes the combination of compressor and decompressor carry out the storage of heat energy or release in two loops
Putting, the heat of compression is stored in heat storage medium by the heat accumulation stage, and the heat release stage is by heat storage medium
Storage heat discharges working fluid heats, then promotes decompressor externally to do work, this system
Although achieving storage and the release of electric power to a certain extent, but its there is also significant shortcoming and
Deficiency, shows highlightedly: the heat energy of (1) working media is under high pressure to complete storage,
And high pressure thermal storage equipment needs the pressure vessel of heavy wall and bulky, manufacturing cost is the highest；
(2) in the energy storage stage, after the heat of pressure-air is absorbed by heat storage medium, temperature declines to a great extent,
After the decompressor that middle temperature pressure-air is identical with compression process through pressure ratio, pressure is down to normal pressure,
Pressure-air in this expansion process can be relatively big by the loss of energy, and output work is less, thus energy storage
The system effectiveness of process is relatively low.(3) the heat release stage utilizes the compression-expansion closed circuit closed,
Substantially heat energy and other auxiliary heat energy (such as solar heat, industrial waste heat etc.) of storage cannot be made
It is used simultaneously, and using room temperature as the low-temperature heat source temperature of thermodynamic cycle, causes system
Cold warm end temperature difference less, limited by Carnot's cycle efficiency, system external output mechanical energy
Or the ability of electric energy and efficiency are substantially reduced.
Visible, all there is different shortcomings in current existing electric energy storing system, in the urgent need to one
Kind unit energy storage investment is little, efficiency is high, the novel energy-storing system of life-span length, and this energy storage
System must not be limited by geographical conditions, be applicable to all kinds power station and environmentally friendly.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses one and utilize low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system and operation method thereof, this energy storage
Electricity generation system has efficiency height, low cost, length in service life and is not limited by geographical conditions
Feature, with the problem of peak-valley difference in solving power generation and using, and solves wind energy, solar energy
Its generating bad shadow to electrical network is caused etc. factors such as the intermittence of regenerative resource, unstability
Ring.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system, can convert electrical energy into cryogenic cold energy storage, and need
Will time utilize cryogenic cold energy to generate electricity, including fill can loop, releasing can loop and cold storage material loop；
Fill can loop include motor, expand unit I, heat exchanger I, compressor bank I (with
As a example by three grades, including first order compressor, high stage compressor, third level compressor), level
Between heat exchanger (as a example by three grades, change including first order compressor heat exchanger, high stage compressor
Hot device, third level compressor heat exchanger)；
Release and can include electromotor, expand unit II, heat exchanger II, pump and vaporizer in loop；
Cold storage material loop includes room temperature memorizer, cryogenic memory, heat exchanger I and heat exchanger
II, the storage of described cold energy can be returned with filling respectively with the heat exchanger I in Releasing loop, heat exchanger II
Heat exchanger I in road, to release the heat exchanger II in loop to be same parts；
Wherein, fill the motor in energy loop, compressor bank I and expansion unit I to be arranged in altogether
Connect on same axle or by change speed gear box, and the export pipeline wherein expanding unit I accesses and changes
The low temperature side pipeline of hot device I, the high temperature side pipeline of heat exchanger I sequentially passes through first order compression
Machine, the working gas pipeline of first order compressor heat exchanger, high stage compressor, second level pressure
The working gas pipeline of contracting machine heat exchanger, third level compressor and third level compressor heat exchanger
Working gas pipeline, the working gas pipeline outfan of third level compressor heat exchanger and decompressor
The entrance pipe of group I interlinks, and forms the working gas loop closed relative to environment.
Fill can compressor bank I is discharged in loop working gas in inter-stage heat exchanger by from
Cooling fluid is cooled down, and the material of described cooling fluid is water, air, oil, alcohol solution
A kind of or combination of at least 2 kinds.
Wherein, delivery side of pump pipeline and evaporator inlet end workflow side described in energy loop are released
Inlet ductwork is connected, evaporator operation fluid side export pipeline and expansion unit II entrance pipe
It is connected, expands unit II export pipeline and access the low temperature side pipeline of heat exchanger II, heat exchanger II
High temperature side pipeline be connected with pump intake pipeline, formed relative to environment close working gas
Loop.
Cold energy storage with Releasing loop in, heat exchanger I outfan order through cryogenic memory, change
Hot device II and room temperature memorizer constitute cold energy storage and Releasing loop.Described heat exchanger I, II it is
Board-like, the one of plate-fin, shell-tube type, spiral plate type, double pipe heat exchanger or at least 2 kinds
Combination.The material of described biography thermal storage fluid is the organic or inorganic works such as alcohol, alkene, ion fluid
A kind of or the combination of at least 2 kinds of matter.
Described low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system, can use to be simultaneously connected with and fill energy loop and releasing and can follow
The regenerator of ring substitutes cold energy storage and Releasing loop, fills, for storage, the low temperature cold that can circulate
Can and discharge releasing to circulate.The cold energy storage material of described regenerator is sensible heat cold-storage
Or the one in solid-liquid phase change cold-storage or combination of more than two kinds, sensible heat cool storage medium includes porous
Material, rock, brick, sand, Ceramic Balls, metallic particles, solid-liquid phase change cool storage medium includes solid
Liquid phase change temperature is at the ammonia of low-temperature space and aqueous solution, salts solution, alkanes, olefines
One or more in material and compound thereof, alcohols and aqueous solution thereof；Its heat exchange form is work
Make fluid in regenerator with cool storage medium direct contact heat transfer or non-direct contact heat exchange；Described
The outer thermal insulation of regenerator is glass fibre, polyurethane foam, pearlife or interlayer wall
In face evacuation one or more.
Described low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system, described compressor bank I, by 1 grade or at least 2
Level is in series, and is piston type, axial-flow type, centrifugal, screw or hybrid；Described
Expand unit I, II, 1 grade or at least 2 grades be in series, be piston type, axial-flow type,
Radial inflow, screw or hybrid.
Described low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system, uses in renewable energy power generation factory, between storage
The energy of having a rest property instability stable output；Described energy-storage system uses the generating in network system
In factory or user, in low power consumption storage and export electric energy in peak of power consumption.
Described low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system, during described evaporator operation, required heat energy may be from
The industrial exhaust heat such as iron and steel, thermoelectricity, used heat or solar heat.
Preferably, release described in and can also be coupled with high temperature biography thermal storage fluid loop, described height on loop
Temperature passes heat exchanger III that thermal storage fluid loop includes being sequentially connected with, cryogenic memory II, heat collector
And high temperature storage, the high-temperature heat-storage medium in high temperature storage flows through release height after heat exchanger III
Warm energy, the biography heat storage medium of discharge is stored in cryogenic memory, the work of described heat exchanger III
On the export pipeline that fluid side is connected on described vaporizer so that the work flowed out by vaporizer
Fluid can absorb high temperature further and pass accumulation of heat when flowing through the workflow side of described heat exchanger III
Heat in fluid circuit.Further, the heat in described heat collector may be from iron and steel,
The industrial exhaust heats such as thermoelectricity, used heat or solar heat.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of above-mentioned low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system is additionally provided
Operation method, specific as follows:
When filling energy,
A) electric energy is changed into mechanical energy driving expansion unit I and pressure by motor unit
Contracting unit group I operates, and the working gas of normal temperature high voltage is after expanding unit I and expanding
It is changed into the working gas of low-pressure low-temperature, the shaft work driving pressure that gas expansion process is made
Contracting unit I operates.
B) expand the working gas of the low-pressure low-temperature that unit I is discharged, flow through heat exchanger I
Time with cold storage material loop occur heat exchange, cryogenic media is stored in cold memorizer, low
The working gas of normal pressure and temperature is discharged in compressor bank I in heat exchanger I.
C) working gas of low normal pressure and temperature discharged in heat exchanger I sequentially enters the
Stage compressor, first order compressor heat exchanger, high stage compressor, second level pressure
Contracting machine heat exchanger, third level compressor and third level compressor heat exchanger are changed into room temperature
The working gas of high pressure enters and expands in unit I, forms closed-loop path.
When releasing energy,
D) the normal temperature high voltage working gas that flash-pot II is discharged enters and expands unit II
Middle expansion, generates electricity through axle driven dynamo simultaneously, expands and discharges low pressure in unit II
Working gas.
E) self-expanding unit II discharges the working gas of low pressure, when flowing through heat exchanger II
Pass heat storage medium generation heat exchange liquefying to liquid with the low temperature in cold memorizer, cold deposit
Cryogenic cold energy in reservoir discharges, the work of the low-pressure low-temperature that heat exchanger I is discharged
After liquid enters pump, discharge the hydraulic fluid of cryogenic high pressure.
F) gaseous working fluid of the cryogenic high pressure that pump is discharged is outside vaporizer, absorption
After the heat of boundary's environment, gaseous working fluid is changed into the working gas of normal temperature high voltage and enters
Enter to expand unit II, form closed-loop path.
G) storage cold flow body is stored in room temperature memorizer after heat exchanger II temperature raises
In, complete once to release SAPMAC method.
Described low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system, it to fill can loop with the working gas releasing energy loop be
Power cycle working medium, converts electrical energy into cryogenic cold energy in thermal energy storage process and stores；?
In exoergic process, working fluid is liquefied by cold energy output, and after pump, pressure raises, workflow
Body enters expander acting in vaporizer after heated gasification.
Compared with the existing technology, it is an advantage of the current invention that:
The present invention converts electrical energy into cryogenic cold energy storage under normal pressure, cryogenic cold energy storage device knot
Structure is simple, storage cold material is cheap and easily-available, storage cold containers low cost, that accumulator puts service life is long,
Eliminate that the energy storage device cost that existing electric energy storing system exists is high, the energy storage cycle is short, the life-span
The shortcomings such as short and environmental pollution, are very suitable for the storage of long-time jumbo electric power.
It is high that the system of the cryogenic cold energy storage electric energy of the present invention has electric energy-cold energy transformation efficiency,
There is the overall high advantage of energy-storage system.And the cold energy dissipative shock wave of cryogenic cold energy storage device is very
Low, it is possible to achieve long-time efficient electric power storage.
The system of the cryogenic cold energy storage electric energy of the present invention has and is applicable to power system peak clipping and fills out
Paddy and renewable energy system, do not produce greenhouse gases, recyclable middle low temperature (calorific value) used heat
Etc. advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system embodiment 1 structural representation of the low temperature storage electric energy of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is system embodiment 2 structural representation of the low temperature storage electric energy of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is system embodiment 3 structural representation of the low temperature storage electric energy of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the basic structure schematic diagram of regenerator employed in embodiments of the invention 3.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, referring to attached
Figure develops simultaneously embodiment, and the present invention is described in more detail.
Embodiment 1:
As it is shown in figure 1, be low temperature energy storage and the embodiment 1 of electricity generation system of the present invention, including
Fill energy loop 102, releasing can loop 103 and biography thermal storage fluid loop 22.
Shown in Fig. 1 filling can loop include: decompressor 1, heat exchanger 2, first order compressor 3,
First order compressor heat exchanger 4, high stage compressor 5, high stage compressor heat exchanger 6,
Third level compressor 7 and third level compressor heat exchanger 8.Band arrow in working gas such as Fig. 1
Shown in solid be circulated by these assemblies.The rotating shaft of motor 9 and decompressor 1 and pressure
The rotating shaft of contracting machine 3,5,7 is connected.Additionally, cooling liquid 18,19,20 connects respectively
In heat exchanger 4,6,8.
The operational process filling energy loop is: first, electric energy is changed into mechanical energy by motor 9
Decompressor 1 and compressor bank 101 is driven to operate, the work of the Room-temperature low-pressure that heat exchanger 2 is discharged
Gas, sequentially enters first order compressor 3, first order compressor heat exchanger 4, second level pressure
Contracting machine 5, high stage compressor heat exchanger 6, third level compressor 7 and third level compressor change
Hot device 8 is changed into the working gas of normal temperature high voltage and enters in decompressor 1, the working gas of high pressure
Being changed into the working gas of low-pressure low-temperature after decompressor 1 expands, it is low that decompressor 1 is discharged
Force down the working gas of temperature, store with the biography passed in thermal storage fluid loop 22 when flowing through heat exchanger 2
Hot fluid generation heat exchange, passes thermal storage fluid and is stored in by cold energy in cold energy memorizer 10, room temperature
The working gas of low pressure is discharged into compressor 3 from heat exchanger 2, forms closed-loop path.Gas
Expansion process is done work and is exported to axle, and motor 9, decompressor 1 work done drive jointly
Compressor bank 101 operates, and the electric energy of consumption is the difference that compressor wasted work and decompressor go out merit,
Store for the cold energy in cold memorizer 10.
Described in Fig. 1 release can loop 103 include electromotor 14, decompressor 13, heat exchanger 12,
Pump 16 and vaporizer 15.In working fluid such as Fig. 1, band arrow is shown in solid by these groups
Part is circulated.The rotating shaft of electromotor 14 is connected with the rotating shaft of decompressor 13.Additionally, it is cold
Storage can pass through heat exchanger 12 and working fluid heat exchange with release system.
The operational process releasing energy loop is: first, discharge the work gas of low pressure in self-expanding machine 13
Body, when flowing through heat exchanger 12 with the low-temperature cold accumulation medium generation heat exchange in cold energy memorizer 10 also
Liquefaction is to liquid, and the cryogenic cold energy in cold energy memorizer 10 discharges, and heat exchanger 2 is discharged
The hydraulic fluid of low-pressure low-temperature enter after pump 16, discharge the hydraulic fluid of high pressure.Pump 16 row
The gaseous working fluid of the cryogenic high pressure gone out, through vaporizer 15, absorbs the heat of external environment
After, gaseous working fluid is changed into the working gas of normal temperature high voltage and enters decompressor 13, is formed
Closed-loop path.Vaporizer 15 when working required heat energy to may be from the industry such as iron and steel, thermoelectricity remaining
Heat, used heat or solar heat.The energy-consuming parts released in energy loop is pump 16, and acting parts are
Decompressor 13, the electric energy of generation is the difference that decompressor goes out merit and pump wasted work, in exoergic process
Cold energy in the cold memorizer 10 consumed, generation is electric energy.
In filling energy cyclic process, the liquid in memorizer 11 passes thermal storage fluid and flows through heat exchanger 2
In, absorb and store cryogenic cold energy, being stored in cold energy memorizer 10.Can be circulated throughout releasing
Cheng Zhong, the low temperature in cold energy memorizer 10 passes thermal storage fluid and flows through in heat exchanger 12, discharges low
Temperature cold energy, the biography thermal storage fluid of discharge is stored in memorizer 11, is formed and once circulates.
Embodiment 2:
As in figure 2 it is shown, be the cryogenic cold energy storage system that couples with solar energy of electric energy of the present invention
Embodiment 2, including filling energy loop 102, releasing energy loop 103 and solar energy heat-storage subsystem.
Shown in Fig. 2 filling can loop include: decompressor 1, heat exchanger 2, first order compressor 3,
First order compressor heat exchanger 4, high stage compressor 5, high stage compressor heat exchanger 6,
Third level compressor 7 and third level compressor heat exchanger 8.Band arrow in working gas such as Fig. 1
Shown in solid be circulated by these assemblies.The rotating shaft of motor 9 and decompressor 1 and pressure
The rotating shaft of contracting machine 3,5,7 is connected.Additionally, cooling liquid 18,19,20 connects respectively
In heat exchanger 4,6,8.Gas when can circulate that fills of embodiment 2 circulates and embodiment 1
Fill and can circulate identical, here is omitted.Filling in circulating, the electric energy of consumption is compressor
The difference of wasted work and decompressor output work, store for the cold energy in cold memorizer 10.
Described in Fig. 2 release can loop 103 include electromotor 14, decompressor 13, heat exchanger 12,
Pump 16, vaporizer 15 and heat exchanger 25.In working fluid such as Fig. 2, band arrow is shown in solid
It is circulated by these assemblies.The rotating shaft of electromotor 14 is connected with the rotating shaft of decompressor 13.
Additionally, cold energy storage and release system are by heat exchanger 12 and working fluid heat exchange, solar energy
Heat accumulation heat-collecting heat-storage system is by heat exchanger 25 and working fluid heat exchange.
The operational process releasing energy loop is: first, discharge the work gas of low pressure in self-expanding machine 13
Body, when flowing through heat exchanger 12 with the cryogenic media generation heat exchange in cold memorizer 10 liquefaction extremely
Liquid, the cryogenic cold energy in cold memorizer 2 discharges, the low-pressure low-temperature that heat exchanger 2 is discharged
Hydraulic fluid enter after pump 16, discharge the hydraulic fluid of high pressure.The low temperature that pump 16 is discharged is high
The gaseous working fluid of pressure is through vaporizer 15, after absorbing the heat of external environment, further
Absorbing high temperature solar thermal energy after heat exchanger 25, gaseous working fluid is changed into High Temperature High Pressure
Working gas enter decompressor 13, formed closed-loop path.Release the energy-consuming parts in energy loop
For pump 16, acting parts are decompressor 13, and the electric energy of generation is that decompressor goes out merit and pump wasted work
Difference, in exoergic process consume cold memorizer 10 in cold energy and high temperature storage 26 in
Heat energy, generation is electric energy.
In filling energy cyclic process, the liquid cool storage medium in memorizer 11 flows through in heat exchanger 2,
Absorb and store cryogenic cold energy, being stored in cryogenic memory 10.In releasing energy cyclic process,
Low-temperature cold accumulation medium in memorizer 10 flows through in heat exchanger 12, discharges cryogenic cold energy, discharges
Cool storage medium be stored in memorizer 11, formed once circulate.
In releasing energy cyclic process, the high-temperature heat-storage medium in high temperature storage 26 flows through heat exchanger
In 25, discharging high temperature heat, the heat storage medium of discharge is stored in memorizer 28；Releasing energy
Period outside cyclic process, the heat-storage medium in memorizer 28 flows through solar thermal collector 27
In, absorb high temperature solar thermal energy, and be stored in high temperature storage 26, formed and once circulate.
Embodiment 3:
As it is shown on figure 3, be the system employing regenerator 2 of the cryogenic cold energy storage electric energy of the present invention
Embodiment 3, can loop 102 and release can loop 103 including filling.
Embodiment 3 fill when can circulate gas circulation with embodiment 1 fill energy circulation identical.
Filling in circulating, motor 9, decompressor 1 work done drive compressor bank 101 to transport jointly
Turning, the electric energy of consumption is the difference of compressor wasted work and decompressor output work, and store is
Cold energy in regenerator 2.
Described in Fig. 3 release can loop 103 include electromotor 13, decompressor 12, regenerator 2,
Pump 10 and vaporizer 11.In working gas such as Fig. 3, band arrow is shown in solid by these groups
Part is circulated.The rotating shaft of electromotor 13 is connected with the rotating shaft of decompressor 12.Embodiment 3
Release when can circulate gas circulation with embodiment 1 release energy circulation identical.Release in energy loop
Power-consuming component is pump 10, and acting parts are decompressor 12, and the electric energy of generation is decompressor output
The difference of merit and pump power consumption, the main energetic consumed in exoergic process is low temperature energy, generation be
Electric energy.
Fig. 4 is the basic structure of regenerator 2 employed in embodiments of the invention 3, including protecting
Temperature layer 19, working fluid pipeline 21,23 and cool storage medium 22.Fill can circulate time, fill energy
Working fluid enters regenerator 2 by working fluid pipeline 21, and entrained cryogenic cold energy is led to
Cool storage medium 22 is passed at piping wall.Release can circulate time, release can working fluid lead to
Cross working fluid pipeline 23 and enter regenerator 2, by heat transfer at pipeline wall by cool storage medium
22 cryogenic cold energy stored are taken away and discharge acting generating.
The low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system of the present invention, can realize interval, unstable wind energy and
Solar energy is changed into the electric energy of high-quality, it is provided that to electrical network；And this system uses with low cost
Storage refrigeration technique, greatly reduce system investments cost.
The low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system of the present invention, obtains high-grade cryogenic cold energy by gas circulation
Store, be simultaneously achieved the efficient utilization of solar thermal energy and industrial exhaust heat.
Particular embodiments described above, enters the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Go further description, it should be understood that and the foregoing is only the concrete real of the present invention
Execute example, be not limited to the present invention, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, institute
Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. done, should be included in claims of the present invention
Within protection domain.
Claims (15)
1. a low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system, can convert electrical energy into cryogenic cold energy and store, and
Cryogenic cold energy is utilized to generate electricity when needing, including filling energy loop (102), releasing energy loop (103)
With biography thermal storage fluid loop (22), it is characterised in that
Fill described in--and the compressor bank I (101) of band interstage cooling, swollen can be included in loop (102)
Swollen unit I (1) and heat exchanger I (2), and wherein: described compressor bank I (101) and
Expansion unit I (1) is coaxially arranged or is connected by change speed gear box, described compressor bank I
(101) outlet side working gas pipeline accesses the inlet ductwork expanding unit I (1), swollen
The export pipeline of swollen unit I (1) accesses the working gas side-entrance pipeline of heat exchanger I (2),
The working gas side outlet pipeline of heat exchanger I (2) and the entrance side of compressor bank I (101)
Working gas pipeline is connected, and forms the working gas loop closed relative to environment；
Release described in--and pump (16) can be included, expand unit II (13), vaporizer in loop (103)
And heat exchanger II (12), and the export pipeline of wherein said pump (16) and vaporizer (15)
(15) inlet ductwork is connected, the export pipeline of vaporizer (15) and expansion unit II (13)
Entrance pipe be connected, expand unit II (13) export pipeline access heat exchanger II (12)
Working gas side-entrance pipeline, the working gas side outlet pipeline of heat exchanger II (12) and pump
(16) entrance pipe is connected, and forms the working gas loop closed relative to environment；
--described biography thermal storage fluid loop (22) include memorizer (11), cold energy memorizer (10),
Heat exchanger I (2) and heat exchanger II (12), heat exchanger I in described biography thermal storage fluid loop,
Heat exchanger II respectively with fill can heat exchanger I in loop, to release the heat exchanger II in loop to be same
One parts, wherein the biography thermal storage fluid side outlet pipeline order of heat exchanger I (2) is deposited through cold energy
Reservoir (10), the biography thermal storage fluid side of heat exchanger II (12) and memorizer (11) constitute biography
Thermal storage fluid loop；
Can the middle cryogenic cold energy produced in loop (102) be stored in by heat exchanger I (2) filling
Cold energy memorizer (10) in described biography thermal storage fluid loop (22), and it is stored in described
Cryogenic cold energy in cold energy memorizer (10) is being released and can passed through heat exchanger II in loop (103)
(12) it is consumed, for producing electric energy.
Energy-storing and power-generating system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cold energy stores
Device (10) and memorizer (11) internal storage respectively low temperature pass thermal storage fluid and room temperature biography accumulation of heat
Fluid；When filling energy loop (102) and running, the room temperature in memorizer (11) passes accumulation of heat stream
After cryogenic cold energy in body absorption heat-exchange device I (2), it is stored in cold energy memorizer (10)；
When releasing energy loop (103) and running, the room temperature in cold energy memorizer (10) passes thermal storage fluid
After heat exchanger II (12) release cryogenic cold energy, room temperature passes thermal storage fluid and is stored in memorizer
(11) in.
Energy-storing and power-generating system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that use simultaneously
It is connected to fill energy loop (102) and release the cold energy memorizer (10) of energy loop (103), uses
Fill the cryogenic cold energy of energy loop (102) in storage and can discharge in loop (103) releasing.
Energy-storing and power-generating system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described cold energy
Memorizer (10) cold energy storage material be the one in sensible heat cold-storage or solid-liquid phase change cold-storage or
Combination of more than two kinds, sensible heat cool storage medium include porous material, rock, brick, grit, sand,
Ceramic Balls, metallic particles, solid-liquid phase change cool storage medium includes that solid-liquid phase change temperature is at low-temperature space
Ammonia and aqueous solution, salts solution, alkanes, olefin compound and compound thereof, alcohols
And one or more in aqueous solution；Its heat exchange form be working fluid in regenerator with storage
Cold physical contact between media heat exchange or non-direct contact heat exchange；Outside described cold energy memorizer (10)
Portion's adiabator is evacuation in glass fibre, polyurethane foam, pearlife or interlayer wall.
Energy-storing and power-generating system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described band
The compressor bank I (101) of interstage cooling is formed by no less than 2 grades of compressors, described work
Gas through every grade of compressor (3,5,7) compress after, enter inter-stage heat exchanger (4,
6,8) heat exchange, the heat fluid (18,19,20) that is cooled is taken away, subsequently into compressor
Next stage or expand unit I (1).
Energy-storing and power-generating system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in fill energy
Working gas in loop (102) is water-free air, nitrogen, oxygen, helium, argon
One in gas or at least 2 kinds of mixture.
Energy-storing and power-generating system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in release energy
Working fluid in loop (103) is carbon dioxide or organic working medium, by alkane, alkene
One or at least two mixture, described in release and can inhale by the working fluid in loop (103)
It is liquid after receiving cryogenic cold energy, is gaseous state or above-critical state under room temperature and high temperature.
Energy-storing and power-generating system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat exchange
Device I, II (2,12) is that board-like, plate-fin, shell-tube type, spiral plate type, bushing type are changed
A kind of or the combination of at least 2 kinds of hot device.
Energy-storing and power-generating system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described pressure
Contracting unit I, II is in series by 1 grade or at least 2 grades, is piston type, axial-flow type, is centrifuged
Formula, screw or hybrid；Described expansion unit I, II (1,13), by 1 grade or extremely
Few 2 grades are in series, are piston type, axial-flow type, radial inflow, screw or hybrid.
10. according to the energy-storing and power-generating system described in aforementioned claim 5, it is characterised in that institute
State cooling fluid (18,19,20) material be water, air, oil, the one of alcohol solution
Plant or the combination of at least 2 kinds.
11. energy-storing and power-generating systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described steaming
When sending out device (15) work, required heat energy comes from iron and steel, the industrial waste heat of thermoelectricity or solar heat.
12. energy-storing and power-generating systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in release
Can also be coupled with high temperature biography thermal storage fluid loop (29) on loop (103), described high temperature passes and stores
Heat exchanger III (25) that thermal fluid loop (29) includes being sequentially connected with, cryogenic memory (28),
Heat collector (27) and high temperature storage (26), the high-temperature heat-storage in high temperature storage (26)
Medium flows through heat exchanger III (25) and discharges high temperature heat afterwards, and the heat storage medium of discharge is stored in low
In gentle reservoir (28), the workflow side of described heat exchanger III (25) is connected on described steaming
Send out on the export pipeline of device (15) so that the working fluid flowed out by vaporizer (15) is at stream
High temperature can be absorbed when the workflow side of described heat exchanger III (25) further and pass thermal storage fluid
Heat in loop.
13. energy-storing and power-generating systems according to claim 12, it is characterised in that described collection
Heat in hot device (27) comes from iron and steel, the industrial waste heat of thermoelectricity or solar heat.
The operation side of the low temperature energy-storing and power-generating system described in 14. 1 kinds of any of the above-described claim
Method, including filling energy step and releasing energy step, it is characterised in that:
When filling energy,
A) electric energy is changed into mechanical energy driving expansion unit I and compressor bank I by motor
Operating, the working gas of normal temperature high voltage is changed into low-pressure low-temperature after expanding unit I and expanding
Working gas, the shaft work that gas expansion process is made drives compressor bank I operating；
B) working gas of low-pressure low-temperature that unit I is discharged is expanded, when flowing through heat exchanger I and biography
There is heat exchange in thermal storage fluid loop, cryogenic cold energy is stored in cold energy memorizer, low normal pressure and temperature
Working gas is discharged in compressor bank I in heat exchanger I；
C) working gas of the low normal pressure and temperature discharged in heat exchanger I sequentially enters compressor bank
I and each inter-stage heat exchanger after be changed into the working gas of normal temperature high voltage and enter and expand in unit I,
Form closed-loop path；
When releasing energy,
D) the normal temperature high voltage working gas that flash-pot is discharged enters to expand in unit II and expands, with
Time generate electricity through axle driven dynamo, expand in unit II working gas discharging low pressure；
E) self-expanding unit II discharges the working gas of low pressure, when flowing through heat exchanger II and cold energy
Low temperature in memorizer passes heat storage medium generation heat exchange and liquefies to liquid, in cold energy memorizer
Cryogenic cold energy discharges, after the hydraulic fluid of the low-pressure low-temperature that heat exchanger II is discharged enters pump,
Discharge the hydraulic fluid of cryogenic high pressure；
F) gaseous working fluid of the cryogenic high pressure that pump is discharged is through vaporizer, absorbs external environment
Heat after, gaseous working fluid be changed into normal temperature high voltage working gas enter expand unit
II, form closed-loop path；
G) pass thermal storage fluid and store in memory after heat exchanger II temperature raises, complete one
Secondary release SAPMAC method.
15. methods according to claim 14, it is characterised in that described low temperature energy storage is sent out
Electricity system, it is to fill energy loop and to release the working gas in energy loop for power cycle working medium, in storage
Convert electrical energy into cryogenic cold energy during energy and store；In exoergic process, cold energy is defeated
Going out and liquefied by working fluid, after pump, pressure raises, and working fluid is heated in vaporizer
Expander acting is entered after gasification.
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