CN113417709B - Liquid air energy storage method and system coupled with high-temperature heat pump circulation - Google Patents
Liquid air energy storage method and system coupled with high-temperature heat pump circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113417709B CN113417709B CN202110614256.1A CN202110614256A CN113417709B CN 113417709 B CN113417709 B CN 113417709B CN 202110614256 A CN202110614256 A CN 202110614256A CN 113417709 B CN113417709 B CN 113417709B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/006—Accumulators and steam compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/14—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having both steam accumulator and heater, e.g. superheating accumulator
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Abstract
The invention provides a liquid air energy storage method and a liquid air energy storage system coupled with a high-temperature heat pump cycle, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring system proportion parameters of a liquid air energy storage passage, a liquid air energy release passage and a high-temperature heat pump circulation passage; constructing a circulation efficiency objective function sum of a liquid air energy storage passage, a liquid air energy release passage and a high-temperature heat pump circulation passage based on first system parameters
An efficiency objective function; with a circulation efficiency,
The efficiency is maximized as a target, and a coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation function is constructed; and adding a weight characteristic value according to the system proportion parameters, solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation function, outputting second system parameters, and taking the second system parameters as the parameters of the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation. The invention provides a method for improving the circulation efficiency of the system,
The efficiency maximization is the target, and the performance index of the system is effectively improved by combining the heat pump circulation path, so that the efficiency maximization of the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of distributed energy and energy storage, in particular to a liquid air energy storage method and system for coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation.
Background
The rational development of renewable energy is becoming increasingly important under the influence of energy crisis and environmental pollution. The global state report of renewable energy in 2020 indicates that renewable energy accounts for 11% of terminal energy consumption and over 27% of power generation market, and renewable energy is rapidly developed in the global scope. However, the power generation of renewable energy is affected by weather conditions and day-night cycles, and the inherent intermittency and volatility present serious challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. As a technical means for effectively improving the consumption of renewable energy sources, the energy storage technology can enhance the controllability of the utilization of the renewable energy sources and flexibly realize peak clipping and valley filling of energy utilization.
The liquid air energy storage is an environment-friendly large-scale physical energy storage technology with high energy storage density and no geographical condition limitation. At the valley of energy consumption, the compressed air is liquefied and stored at normal pressure, and at the peak of electricity consumption, the liquid air releases cold energy and expands to generate electricity. The heat of compression generated during the air compression process is usually in excess, cannot be fully utilized and is partially dissipated in the form of heat energy. The temperature of an expander inlet in the air expansion process mainly depends on the grade of compression heat, the electric energy conversion efficiency of the system is low, and the overall energy utilization efficiency of the liquid air energy storage system needs to be further improved.
On the other hand, there are many ways to recover industrial waste heat, and the main application fields at present include preheating, refrigeration, heating, etc. The low-temperature heat source in the industrial waste heat is difficult to directly utilize, the temperature of the industrial waste heat is improved by adopting a medium-high temperature heat pump technology, the energy is upgraded, and the application of the industrial waste heat is expanded, so that the method has a wide development prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a liquid air energy storage method coupled with high-temperature heat pump circulation, which is used for solving the problem that the temperature of an expander inlet in the existing air expansion process is mainly determined by compressionThe heat grade and the electric energy conversion efficiency of the system are low by proposing the method of using the system circulation efficiency,
The efficiency maximization aims to establish a system optimization model, and the system optimization model is combined with a heat pump circulation passage to improve the temperature of air entering an expander, increase the power generation power, effectively improve the performance index of the system and realize the maximization of the system efficiency of the coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation.
The invention also provides a liquid air energy storage system coupled with the high-temperature heat pump circulation, which is used for solving the defects that the temperature of an expander inlet in the existing air expansion process mainly depends on the grade of compression heat and the electric energy conversion efficiency of the system is low.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid air energy storage method for coupling a high temperature heat pump cycle, comprising: the system comprises a liquid air energy storage passage, a liquid air energy release passage and a high-temperature heat pump circulation passage, wherein the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage is respectively connected with the liquid air energy storage passage and the liquid air energy release passage, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring system proportion parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
constructing a cycle efficiency objective function sum of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage based on first system parameters
An efficiency objective function;
with a circulation efficiency,
Efficiency maximization is targeted, construction based on the cycle efficiencyAn objective function and the
The coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation function of the efficiency objective function is solved according to the first system parameter and the intelligent algorithm to obtain a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation scheme set;
respectively being the target function of the circulation efficiency and the target function of the circulation efficiency according to the system proportion parameters
And adding a weight characteristic value to the efficiency objective function, solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation function, outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution, and taking the second system parameter as a parameter of the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining the system ratio parameters of the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path, and the high temperature heat pump circulation path specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining an air compression ratio, an expansion ratio, an ambient temperature, a throttling state and a working medium compressor pressure ratio, and determining system proportion parameters according to the air compression ratio, the expansion ratio, the ambient temperature, the throttling state and the working medium compressor pressure ratio.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation manner for obtaining a system scale parameter, and the system scale parameter is determined according to a corresponding parameter.
In an application scene, parameter ranges such as air compression ratio, expansion ratio, ambient temperature, throttling state, working medium compressor pressure ratio and the like are set according to the capacity of a system. If the air compression ratio of the system is 2.5-4, the exhaust temperature of the air compressor is 140-160 ℃, and the expansion ratio of air is 1.5-3; the environmental temperature is 15-30 ℃; the temperature of the air before throttling is-170 to-180 ℃, and the air pressure after throttling is 1 bar; the pressure ratio of the working medium compressor is 2.5-4.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of constructing the cycle efficiency objective function of the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path and the high temperature heat pump cycle path based on a first system parameter specifically includes:
acquiring power supply quantity parameters of the liquid air energy release passage;
acquiring heat supply quantity parameters, power supply quantity parameters and thermoelectric conversion coefficients of the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
acquiring power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
constructing the cycle efficiency objective function according to the power supply quantity parameter, the heat supply quantity parameter, the thermoelectric conversion coefficient and the power consumption parameter;
wherein, in the step of obtaining the thermoelectric conversion coefficient of the high-temperature heat pump circulation path, the method specifically comprises:
acquiring an average specific heat parameter, an air mass flow parameter, an outlet temperature parameter and an inlet temperature parameter of the air of the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
and determining the thermoelectric conversion coefficient according to the air average specific heat parameter, the air mass flow parameter, the outlet temperature parameter and the inlet temperature parameter.
Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation manner for constructing a cyclic efficiency objective function based on a first system parameter, where the cyclic efficiency objective function based on the first system parameter is constructed by applying the following formula:
wherein RTE is a cyclic efficiency objective function;
WATBis a power supply quantity parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WGTis a power supply quantity parameter of a high-temperature heat pump circulation path;
WCOMis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WLAPis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy storage passage;
WGCis the power consumption parameter of the high-temperature heat pump circulation path;
Qhis a heat supply parameter of a high-temperature heat pump circulation path;
COPhis the thermoelectric conversion coefficient of the high-temperature heat pump circulation path.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the constructing the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy discharge path and the high temperature heat pump circulation path is based on a first system parameter
The step of the efficiency objective function specifically includes:
acquiring power supply quantity parameters of the liquid air energy release passage;
obtaining the power supply quantity parameter and heat of the high-temperature heat pump circulation path
A parameter;
acquiring power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
according to the power supply quantity parameter, the heat
Parameters and the power consumption parameters construct the
An efficiency objective function.
Specifically, the embodiment provides a first system parameter construction method
Implementation of an efficiency objective function, constructing based on first system parameters
An efficiency objective function, applying the following formula:
ηex＝(WATB+WGT-WLAP+Exh)/(WCOM+WGC)
wherein eta isexIs that
An efficiency objective function;
WATBis a power supply quantity parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WGTis a power supply quantity parameter of a high-temperature heat pump circulation path;
WCOMis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WLAPis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy storage passage;
WGCis the power consumption parameter of the high-temperature heat pump circulation path;
Exhis heat of the circulation path of the high-temperature heat pump
And (4) parameters.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the cycle efficiency,
The efficiency maximization is targeted, and an objective function based on the cycle efficiency and the cycle efficiency is constructed
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation scheme set by solving a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation function of an efficiency objective function according to the first system parameter and an intelligent algorithm, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and taking the flow division ratio of the heat transfer fluid and the high-temperature heat pump cycle performance parameters as variables, adjusting the first system parameters, and solving the coupled high-temperature heat pump cycle function according to the adjusted first system parameters and an intelligent algorithm to obtain a coupled high-temperature heat pump cycle scheme set.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides a method of producing a metal alloy with cycle efficiency,
The efficiency maximization aims at constructing a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation function, solving an implementation mode of a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation scheme set, and under the condition that the compression heat temperature is not changed, the flow division ratio of the heat transfer fluid is changed, so that the compression heat utilized by a reheater is changed; the temperature of the mixed heat transfer fluid after being utilized by the reheater and the heating device is changed, namely the temperature in the high-temperature storage tank is changed, so that the temperature of the air after the cooler is changed; under the condition that the heat exchange device meets the requirement of the temperature difference of the pinch points, the generated energy and the heat supply of the system are changed, and further the performance index of the system is influenced.
The change of the cycle performance coefficient of the high-temperature heat pump influences the temperature of the air flowing through the condenser, further causes the change of the inlet temperature of the first expansion unit, changes the generating capacity of the expansion unit and further influences the performance index of the system
In one application scenario, an intelligent algorithm may prefer a genetic algorithm.
In another application scenario, the liquid air energy storage system coupled with the high-temperature heat pump cycle comprises two stages of expansion units, namely a first expansion unit and a second expansion unit, and the first expansion unit expands air and then enters the second expansion unit.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cyclic efficiency objective function and the system scaling parameter are respectively the cyclic efficiency objective function and the system scaling parameter
The method comprises the following steps of adding a weight characteristic value to an efficiency objective function, solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation function, outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution, and taking the second system parameter as a parameter of the coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and solving the optimal compromise solution by using the fuzzy membership function according to the system proportion parameters to obtain the optimal operation parameters of the system.
In one application scenario, the system scale parameter is set to w1＝w21/2, to solve for a solution that satisfies the optimal solution set and makes max (w)1×RTE+w2×ηex) And the optimal operation parameters of the high-temperature heat pump cycle are coupled.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid air energy storage system coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle, having the above-mentioned liquid air energy storage method coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle, or the above-mentioned liquid air energy storage device coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle, the system including: a thermal energy loop;
the liquid air energy storage passage compresses air into liquid air by utilizing valley electricity to realize energy storage;
the liquid air energy storage passage and the liquid air energy release passage carry out coupling heat exchange through the heat energy loop.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: the system comprises a compressor unit, a cooler, an evaporator, a cold accumulation device, a pressure reduction device, a liquid air storage tank, a cryogenic pump, a condenser, a first expansion unit, a reheater and a second expansion unit;
the compressor unit, the cooler, the evaporator, the cold accumulation device, the pressure reduction device and the liquid air storage tank are sequentially connected to form the liquid air energy storage passage;
the liquid air storage tank, the cryogenic pump, the condenser, the first expansion unit, the reheater and the second expansion unit are sequentially connected to form the liquid air energy release path.
Specifically, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a liquid air energy storage passage and a liquid air energy release passage.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: the system comprises a working medium compressor, a high-pressure storage tank, a throttling device and a low-pressure storage tank;
the working medium compressor, the high-pressure storage tank, the condenser, the throttling device, the low-pressure storage tank and the evaporator are sequentially connected to form the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage.
Specifically, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a high temperature heat pump cycle.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: a medium-temperature storage tank and a high-temperature storage tank;
the medium temperature storage tank, the cooler, the high temperature storage tank and the reheater are sequentially connected to form the heat energy loop.
In particular, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a thermal energy circuit.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: a heating device;
the medium-temperature storage tank, the cooler, the high-temperature storage tank and the heat supply device are connected to form a heat supply passage.
In particular, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a heating pathway.
One or more technical solutions in the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: the invention provides a liquid air energy storage method and system for coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation, which aim to improve the circulation efficiency of the system,
The efficiency maximization aims to establish a system optimization model, and the system optimization model is combined with a heat pump circulation passage to improve the temperature of air entering an expander, increase the power generation power, effectively improve the performance index of the system and realize the maximization of the system efficiency of the coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for storing energy in liquid air coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid air energy storage system coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a second schematic layout of the liquid air energy storage system coupled to the high temperature heat pump cycle according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10. a compressor unit; 20. A cooler; 30. An evaporator;
40. a cold storage device; 50. A pressure reducing device; 60. A liquid air storage tank;
70. a cryopump; 80. A condenser; 90. A reheater;
100. a first expander set; 110. A working medium compressor; 120. A high pressure storage tank;
130. a throttling device; 140. A low pressure storage tank; 150. A medium-temperature storage tank;
160. a high-temperature storage tank; 170. A heating device; 180. A second expander train.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for storing energy in liquid air coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid air energy storage system coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle according to the present invention; fig. 3 is a second schematic layout of the liquid air energy storage system coupled to the high temperature heat pump cycle according to the present invention. It should be noted that, in a typical liquid air energy storage system, in an energy storage stage, compressed air flows through the cold storage unit to obtain cold energy, so as to complete liquefaction, and in an energy release stage, the liquid air flows through the cold storage unit to be reheated and gasified, and then enters the expansion machine to expand and generate power. The compression heat generated in the compression process is usually remained after being used for heat compensation in the expansion process in the energy release stage, the compression heat cannot be fully utilized, and the electric energy conversion efficiency of the system are improved
Efficiency needs to be improved still further. In addition, the temperature of the inlet of the expansion machine is mainly determined by the compression heat grade, and the expansion power generation power still has the potential of further increasing. Therefore, the high-temperature heat pump is coupled in the liquid air energy storage system for circulation, the compression waste heat can be fully utilized, the energy grade is improved, the power generation power of the system is increased, and the energy utilization efficiency and the electric energy conversion efficiency and the circulation efficiency of the liquid air energy storage system are improved.
The invention provides a liquid air energy storage system coupled with a high-temperature heat pump cycle. The compression unit comprises a compressor set 10, a cooler 20 and a high-temperature storage tank 160; the cold accumulation unit containing the high-temperature heat pump cycle comprises a high-temperature heat pump cycle, a cold accumulation device 40, a pressure reduction device 50, a liquid air storage tank 60 and a low-temperature pump 70; the high-temperature heat pump cycle comprises an evaporator 30, a working medium compressor 110, a high-pressure storage tank 120, a condenser 80, a throttling device 130 and a low-pressure storage tank 140; the expansion units include a reheater 90, a heat supply device 170, a medium temperature storage tank 150, a first expansion unit 100 and a second expansion unit 180.
Further, the high-temperature heat pump cycle takes the residual compression heat recovered by the cooler 20 as a heat source to prepare high-grade heat energy for reheating the inlet air of the expansion unit, so that the expansion power generation power is increased, and the performance index of the system is improved.
Further, in the liquid air energy storage system coupled with the high-temperature heat pump cycle, the high-temperature heat pump cycle has a primary cold accumulation function of the cold accumulation unit. In the energy storage stage, the air flows through the evaporator 30 to obtain working medium cold energy, and is finally stored in a liquid air form; in the energy release stage, the air flows through the condenser 80 to release cold energy, raise the temperature, and enter the first expansion unit 100 and the second expansion unit 180 to expand and generate power. This coupling does not add structural complexity to the integrated liquid air energy storage system.
Further, the high temperature heat pump cycle includes an evaporator 30, a working medium compressor 110, a high pressure storage tank 120, a condenser 80, a throttling device 130, and a low pressure storage tank 140. When the energy consumption is low, the working medium consumes low-ebb electricity to realize working medium compression and is stored in the high-pressure storage tank 120, and when the energy consumption is high, the working medium releases high-grade heat energy, flows through the throttling device 130 to expand to do work and is stored in the low-pressure storage tank 140, so that the time-sharing matching of the energy grade is effectively carried out, and peak clipping and valley filling of the energy consumption are realized.
Specifically, the liquid air energy storage system adopts high-temperature heat pump circulation to replace primary cold accumulation in the traditional liquid air energy storage system, can realize the reutilization of residual compression heat, carries out the upgrade of energy grade, increases the inlet temperature of an expansion machine, increases the expansion power generation power, and further improves the electric energy conversion efficiency and the circulation efficiency of the liquid air energy storage system. In the high-temperature heat pump cycle, the residual medium-grade compression heat is used as a heat source, the heat source is stable and easy to obtain, and the running cost of the high-temperature heat pump cycle is reduced. When the energy consumption is low in the high-temperature heat pump circulation and liquid air system, the low-ebb electricity or renewable energy power generation is used as the driving energy, and the heat energy and the corresponding electric energy are released when the energy consumption is high, so that the peak clipping and valley filling of the energy consumption can be realized, the operation cost of the system is reduced, and the consumption of the renewable energy is promoted.
In an application scene, the high-temperature heat pump cycle can be flexibly operated independently of the liquid air energy storage system except for the cold accumulation unit directly coupled to the liquid air energy storage system, and the surplus low-grade compression heat or the surplus solar photo-thermal energy generated by the surplus solar photo-thermal energy and the insufficient industrial waste heat recycled are used as a low-temperature heat source for the high-temperature heat pump cycle, so that the prepared high-grade heat energy is used for heating the inlet air of the expansion machine.
In an application scenario, in a high-temperature heat pump cycle, in an energy storage stage, a working medium pressurized by the working medium compressor 110 can transfer high-grade heat energy to heat exchange fluid such as heat conduction oil, high-pressure water and the like through the heat exchange device for storage, so that the energy storage density is increased, the cost of high-pressure storage of the working medium is reduced, and in an energy release stage, the heat exchange fluid reheats inlet air of the expander.
In one application scenario, when there is a demand for steam, the high grade heat energy obtained by the high temperature heat pump can be used to generate steam.
In an application scene, the liquid air energy storage system can also be changed into compressed air energy storage, and the cold accumulation unit is changed into a unit consisting of a high-temperature heat pump cycle and a high-pressure air storage tank, so that the same function can be realized.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the present disclosure provides a method for storing energy in liquid air by coupling a high temperature heat pump cycle, comprising: liquid air energy storage passageway, liquid air release energy passageway and high temperature heat pump circulation route, wherein, high temperature heat pump circulation route is connected with liquid air energy storage passageway and liquid air release energy passageway respectively, and the method includes:
acquiring system proportion parameters of a liquid air energy storage passage, a liquid air energy release passage and a high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
constructing a circulation efficiency objective function sum of a liquid air energy storage passage, a liquid air energy release passage and a high-temperature heat pump circulation passage based on first system parameters
An efficiency objective function;
with a circulation efficiency,
Efficiency maximization is targeted, and a cyclic efficiency-based objective function sum is constructed
The coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation function of the efficiency objective function is solved according to the first system parameter and the intelligent algorithm to obtain the coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation functionA set of ring schemes;
according to the system proportion parameters, respectively are a cyclic efficiency objective function and
and adding a weight characteristic value to the efficiency objective function, solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation function, outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution, and taking the second system parameter as a parameter of the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation.
In detail, the invention provides a liquid air energy storage method coupled with high-temperature heat pump circulation, which is used for solving the defects that the temperature of an expander inlet in the existing air expansion process is mainly determined by the grade of compression heat and the electric energy conversion efficiency of a system is low
The efficiency maximization aims to establish a system optimization model, and the system optimization model is combined with a heat pump circulation passage to improve the temperature of air entering an expander, increase the power generation power, effectively improve the performance index of the system and realize the maximization of the efficiency of the coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of obtaining system ratio parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage, and the high temperature heat pump circulation passage specifically includes:
the air compression ratio, the expansion ratio, the ambient temperature, the throttling state and the pressure ratio of the working medium compressor 110 are obtained, and system proportion parameters are determined according to the air compression ratio, the expansion ratio, the ambient temperature, the throttling state and the pressure ratio of the working medium compressor 110.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation manner for obtaining a system scale parameter, and the system scale parameter is determined according to a corresponding parameter.
In an application scenario, parameter ranges such as air compression ratio, expansion ratio, ambient temperature, throttling state, and pressure ratio of working medium compressor 110 are set according to the capacity of the system. If the air compression ratio of the system is 2.5-4, the exhaust temperature of the air compressor is 140-160 ℃, and the expansion ratio of air is 1.5-3; the environmental temperature is 15-30 ℃; the temperature of the air before throttling is-170 to-180 ℃, and the air pressure after throttling is 1 bar; the pressure ratio of the working medium compressor 110 is 2.5-4.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of constructing the circulation efficiency objective function of the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path, and the high temperature heat pump circulation path based on the first system parameter specifically includes:
acquiring power supply quantity parameters of a liquid air energy release passage;
acquiring heat supply quantity parameters, power supply quantity parameters and thermoelectric conversion coefficients of a high-temperature heat pump circulation path;
acquiring power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
constructing a cycle efficiency objective function according to the power supply quantity parameter, the heat supply quantity parameter, the thermoelectric conversion coefficient and the power consumption parameter;
the step of obtaining the thermoelectric conversion coefficient of the high-temperature heat pump circulation path specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring an average specific heat parameter, an air mass flow parameter, an outlet temperature parameter and an inlet temperature parameter of air of a high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
and determining the thermoelectric conversion coefficient according to the air average specific heat parameter, the air mass flow parameter, the outlet temperature parameter and the inlet temperature parameter.
Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation manner for constructing a cyclic efficiency objective function based on a first system parameter, where the cyclic efficiency objective function based on the first system parameter is constructed by applying the following formula:
wherein RTE is a cyclic efficiency objective function;
WATBis a power supply quantity parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WGTis high temperature heatA power supply amount parameter of the pump circulation path;
WCOMis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WLAPis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy storage passage;
WGCis the power consumption parameter of the high-temperature heat pump circulation path;
Qhis a heat supply parameter of a high-temperature heat pump circulation path;
COPhis the thermoelectric conversion coefficient of the high-temperature heat pump circulation path.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the construction of the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path and the high temperature heat pump circulation path is based on a first system parameter
The step of the efficiency objective function specifically includes:
acquiring power supply quantity parameters of a liquid air energy release passage;
obtaining power supply quantity parameters and heat of high-temperature heat pump circulation path
A parameter;
acquiring power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
according to the parameters of the amount of power supply, heat
Parameter and power consumption parameter construction
An efficiency objective function.
Specifically, the embodiment provides a first system parameter construction method
Implementation of an efficiency objective function, constructing based on first system parameters
An efficiency objective function, applying the following formula:
ηex＝(WATB+WGT-WLAP+Exh)/(WCOM+WGC)
wherein eta isexIs that
An efficiency objective function;
WATBis a power supply quantity parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WGTis a power supply quantity parameter of a high-temperature heat pump circulation path;
WCOMis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WLAPis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy storage passage;
WGCis the power consumption parameter of the high-temperature heat pump circulation path;
Exhis heat of the circulation path of the high-temperature heat pump
And (4) parameters.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the cycle efficiency,
Efficiency maximization is targeted, and a cyclic efficiency-based objective function sum is constructed
The method comprises the following steps of coupling a high-temperature heat pump circulation function of an efficiency objective function, solving the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation function according to a first system parameter and an intelligent algorithm, and obtaining a coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation scheme set, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and taking the flow division ratio of the heat transfer fluid and the high-temperature heat pump cycle performance parameters as variables, adjusting the first system parameters, and solving the coupling high-temperature heat pump cycle function according to the adjusted first system parameters and an intelligent algorithm to obtain a coupling high-temperature heat pump cycle scheme set.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides a method of producing a metal alloy with cycle efficiency,
The efficiency maximization aims at constructing a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation function, solving an implementation mode of a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation scheme set, and under the condition that the compression heat temperature is not changed, the split ratio of the heat transfer fluid is changed, so that the compression heat utilized by the reheater 90 is changed; the temperature of the mixed heat transfer fluid after being used by the reheater 90 and the heating apparatus 170 is also changed, that is, the temperature in the high temperature storage tank 160 is changed, which causes the temperature of the air after the cooler 20 to be changed; under the condition that the heat exchange device meets the requirement of the temperature difference of the pinch points, the generated energy and the heat supply of the system are changed, and further the performance index of the system is influenced.
The change of the cycle performance coefficient of the high temperature heat pump will affect the temperature of the air after passing through the condenser 80, further cause the change of the inlet temperature of the first expansion unit 100, change the power generation amount of the expansion unit, and further affect the performance index of the system
In one application scenario, an intelligent algorithm may prefer a genetic algorithm.
In another application scenario, as shown in fig. 2, the liquid air energy storage system coupled to the high temperature heat pump cycle includes two expansion units, i.e., a first expansion unit 100 and a second expansion unit 180, and after the first expansion unit 100 expands the air, the air enters the first expansion unit 100 and the second expansion unit 180.
In yet another application scenario, as shown in fig. 3, the liquid air energy storage system coupled to the high temperature heat pump cycle includes a first expansion unit 100, and the air directly enters the first expansion unit 100 after passing through the condenser 80, and in this application scenario, the reheater 90 is not provided.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the cyclic efficiency objective function and
the method comprises the following steps of adding a weight characteristic value to an efficiency objective function, solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of a coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation function, outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution, and taking the second system parameter as a parameter of the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and solving the optimal compromise solution by using the fuzzy membership function according to the system proportion parameters to obtain the optimal operation parameters of the system.
In one application scenario, the system scale parameter is set to w1＝w21/2, to solve for a solution that satisfies the optimal solution set and makes max (w)1×RTE+w2×ηex) And the optimal operation parameters of the high-temperature heat pump cycle are coupled.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present disclosure provides a liquid air energy storage system coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle, having a liquid air energy storage method coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle as described above, or a liquid air energy storage device coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle as described above, the system including: a thermal energy loop; the liquid air energy storage passage utilizes valley electricity to compress air into liquid air to realize energy storage; the liquid air energy storage passage and the liquid air energy release passage carry out coupling heat exchange through the heat energy loop.
In detail, the invention also provides a liquid air energy storage system coupled with the high-temperature heat pump circulation, which is used for solving the defects that the temperature of an expander inlet in the existing air expansion process mainly depends on the grade of compression heat and the electric energy conversion efficiency of the system is low.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: a compressor unit 10, a cooler 20, an evaporator 30, a cold storage device 40, a pressure reduction device 50, a liquid air storage tank 60, a cryogenic pump 70, a condenser 80, a first expansion unit 100, a reheater 90 and a second expansion unit 180; the compressor unit 10, the cooler 20, the evaporator 30, the cold accumulation device 40, the pressure reduction device 50 and the liquid air storage tank 60 are sequentially connected to form a liquid air energy storage passage; the liquid air storage tank 60, the cryopump 70, the condenser 80, the first expansion unit 100, the reheater 90 and the second expansion unit 180 are connected in sequence to form a liquid air energy release path.
Specifically, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a liquid air energy storage passage and a liquid air energy release passage.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: the working medium compressor 110, the high-pressure storage tank 120, the throttling device 130 and the low-pressure storage tank 140; the working medium compressor 110, the high-pressure storage tank 120, the condenser 80, the throttling device 130, the low-pressure storage tank 140 and the evaporator 30 are sequentially connected to form a high-temperature heat pump circulation passage.
Specifically, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a high temperature heat pump cycle.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: a medium temperature storage tank 150 and a high temperature storage tank 160; the medium temperature storage tank 150, the cooler 20, the high temperature storage tank 160, and the reheater 90 are connected in sequence to form a thermal energy loop.
In particular, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a thermal energy circuit.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: a heating device 170;
the medium-temperature storage tank 150, the cooler 20, the high-temperature storage tank 160, and the heating apparatus 170 are connected to form a heating path.
In particular, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a heating pathway.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present disclosure provides a liquid air energy storage system coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle, including a compression unit, a cold storage unit including a high temperature heat pump cycle, and an expansion unit. The compression unit comprises a compressor set 10, a cooler 20 and a high-temperature storage tank 160; the cold accumulation unit containing the high-temperature heat pump cycle comprises a high-temperature heat pump cycle, a cold accumulation device 40, a pressure reduction device 50, a liquid air storage tank 60 and a low-temperature pump 70; the high-temperature heat pump cycle comprises an evaporator 30, a working medium compressor 110, a high-pressure storage tank 120, a condenser 80, a throttling device 130 and a low-pressure storage tank 140; the expansion units include a reheater 90, a heating device 170, a medium-temperature storage tank 150, and a first expansion unit 100, wherein the first expansion unit 100 is provided in fig. 2, and the first expansion unit 100 and a second expansion unit 180 are provided in fig. 3.
In the energy storage stage, the compressor unit 10 compresses the normal temperature and pressure air to high temperature and pressure, the air flows through the cooler 20 for cooling, then the air flows through the evaporator 30 and the cold accumulation device 40 to obtain cold energy, and the cold energy flows through the pressure reduction device 50 to complete liquefaction and is stored in the liquid air storage tank 60. In the process, the working medium in the high-temperature heat pump cycle flows out of the low-pressure storage tank 140, the evaporator 30 obtains the medium-grade heat energy of the air, the working medium is gasified, and is pressurized by the working medium compressor 110 and then stored in the high-pressure storage tank 120. In the energy release stage, the liquid air is pressurized by the low-temperature pump 70, the cold energy is released by the cold accumulation device 40, the liquid air is reheated and gasified, and then flows through the condenser 80 to obtain high-grade heat energy, and then enters the expansion unit to be expanded to generate power.
In one application scenario, when the first and second expander trains 100 and 180 are simultaneously disposed, the reheater 90 is disposed between the first and second expander trains 100 and 180.
In one application scenario, the air compressor package 10 includes one or more stages of compressors, connected in series, in parallel, or integrated into the compressor package 10, the compressor may be in the form of piston, screw, or centrifugal type, etc., and a cooler 20 is disposed behind each stage of compressor to recover heat of compression.
In one application scenario, the expander set includes one or more stages of expanders connected in series, in parallel or integrated into the expander set, the expander may be in the form of radial flow type, axial flow type or radial axial flow type, etc., a reheater 90 is set between every two stages of expanders, and the heat source of the reheater 90 is compression heat.
In one application scenario, the cooler 20 and the high temperature storage tank 160 are used to recover and store the compression heat used for air reheating and domestic hot water supply in the energy release stage. The residual compression heat after recycling is used as the heat source of the high-temperature heat pump cycle. The heat transfer medium for the compression heat may be heat transfer oil, pressurized water, molten salt, or the like.
In one application scenario, the pressure reducing device 50 of the cold storage unit may be a throttle or a cryogenic expander.
In one application scenario, the throttling device 130 in the high temperature heat pump cycle may be a throttle or a low temperature expander.
In an application scenario, the cold storage device 40 may adopt one or more of liquid phase, solid phase or phase change cold storage modes, the liquid or gaseous air and the cold storage medium directly or indirectly contact for heat exchange, and the cold storage device 40 may be one-stage or multi-stage, series or parallel, or a corresponding combined structure.
In one application scenario, the cooler 20, reheater 90, evaporator 30, and condenser 80 may be wound-tube or plate-fin heat exchange devices.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A liquid air energy storage method for coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the system comprises a liquid air energy storage passage, a liquid air energy release passage and a high-temperature heat pump circulation passage, wherein the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage is respectively connected with the liquid air energy storage passage and the liquid air energy release passage, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring system proportion parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
constructing a cycle efficiency objective function sum of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage based on first system parameters
An efficiency objective function;
with a circulation efficiency,
The efficiency maximization is targeted, and an objective function based on the cycle efficiency and the cycle efficiency is constructed
The coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation function of the efficiency objective function is solved according to the first system parameter and the intelligent algorithm to obtain a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation scheme set;
respectively being the target function of the circulation efficiency and the target function of the circulation efficiency according to the system proportion parameters
Adding a weight characteristic value to an efficiency objective function, solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation function, outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution, and taking the second system parameter as a parameter of the coupling high-temperature heat pump circulation;
the step of constructing a cycle efficiency objective function of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage based on a first system parameter specifically includes:
acquiring power supply quantity parameters of the liquid air energy release passage;
acquiring heat supply quantity parameters, power supply quantity parameters and thermoelectric conversion coefficients of the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
acquiring power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
constructing the cycle efficiency objective function according to the power supply quantity parameter, the heat supply quantity parameter, the thermoelectric conversion coefficient and the power consumption parameter;
wherein the constructing the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path and the high temperature heat pump circulation path is based on a first system parameter
The step of the efficiency objective function specifically includes:
acquiring power supply quantity parameters of the liquid air energy release passage;
obtaining the power supply quantity parameter and heat of the high-temperature heat pump circulation path
A parameter;
acquiring power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage and the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage;
according to the power supply quantity parameter, the heat
Parameters and the power consumption parameters construct the
An efficiency objective function.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining system ratio parameters of the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path and the high temperature heat pump circulation path specifically includes:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining an air compression ratio, an expansion ratio, an ambient temperature, a throttling state and a working medium compressor pressure ratio, and determining system proportion parameters according to the air compression ratio, the expansion ratio, the ambient temperature, the throttling state and the working medium compressor pressure ratio.
3. A method of storing liquid air energy coupled to a high temperature heat pump cycle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said energy is stored at a cycle efficiency,
The efficiency maximization is targeted, and an objective function based on the cycle efficiency and the cycle efficiency is constructed
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation scheme set by solving a coupled high-temperature heat pump circulation function of an efficiency objective function according to the first system parameter and an intelligent algorithm, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and taking the flow division ratio of the heat transfer fluid and the high-temperature heat pump cycle performance parameters as variables, adjusting the first system parameters, and solving the coupled high-temperature heat pump cycle function according to the adjusted first system parameters and an intelligent algorithm to obtain a coupled high-temperature heat pump cycle scheme set.
4. A liquid air energy storage system coupled with a high temperature heat pump cycle, wherein the liquid air energy storage system is provided with a liquid air energy storage method coupled with a high temperature heat pump cycle as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 3, and the system comprises: a thermal energy loop;
the liquid air energy storage passage compresses air into liquid air by utilizing valley electricity to realize energy storage;
the liquid air energy storage passage and the liquid air energy release passage carry out coupling heat exchange through the heat energy loop.
5. The system of claim 4, further comprising: the system comprises a compressor unit, a cooler, an evaporator, a cold accumulation device, a pressure reduction device, a liquid air storage tank, a cryogenic pump, a condenser, a reheater, a first expansion unit and a second expansion unit;
the compressor unit, the cooler, the evaporator, the cold accumulation device, the pressure reduction device and the liquid air storage tank are sequentially connected to form the liquid air energy storage passage;
the liquid air storage tank, the cryogenic pump, the condenser, the first expansion unit, the reheater and the second expansion unit are sequentially connected to form the liquid air energy release path.
6. The system of claim 5, further comprising: the system comprises a working medium compressor, a high-pressure storage tank, a throttling device and a low-pressure storage tank;
the working medium compressor, the high-pressure storage tank, the condenser, the throttling device, the low-pressure storage tank and the evaporator are sequentially connected to form the high-temperature heat pump circulation passage.
7. The system of claim 5, further comprising: a medium-temperature storage tank and a high-temperature storage tank;
the medium temperature storage tank, the cooler, the high temperature storage tank and the reheater are sequentially connected to form the heat energy loop.
8. The system of claim 7, further comprising: a heating device;
the medium-temperature storage tank, the cooler, the high-temperature storage tank and the heat supply device are connected to form a heat supply passage.
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