CN113266439B - Liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method and system based on multi-path expansion - Google Patents
Liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method and system based on multi-path expansion Download PDFInfo
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- CN113266439B CN113266439B CN202110613399.0A CN202110613399A CN113266439B CN 113266439 B CN113266439 B CN 113266439B CN 202110613399 A CN202110613399 A CN 202110613399A CN 113266439 B CN113266439 B CN 113266439B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/006—Accumulators and steam compressors
Abstract
The invention provides a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method and system based on multi-path expansion, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing a circulation efficiency objective function, a circulation efficiency objective function and a circulation efficiency objective function based on first system parameters,
An efficiency objective function and an energy cost function; with a circulation efficiency,
The efficiency is maximum, the energy supply cost is minimum, and a cyclic efficiency objective function,
Carrying out triple co-generation on an efficiency objective function and an energy supply cost function, and solving to obtain an optimal compromise solution of the triple co-generation objective function; and acquiring a supply and demand matching coefficient, judging, outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution if the supply and demand matching coefficient is met, and taking the second system parameter as a triple co-generation operation parameter. According to the invention, the energy sources for heat supply, cold supply and power supply are distributed according to the supply and demand relationship, so that the triple supply system realizes the maximization of energy supply efficiency at the lowest cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of distributed energy and energy storage, in particular to a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method and system based on multi-path expansion.
Background
Under the double pressure of energy crisis and environmental protection, renewable energy sources increasingly attract wide attention of people, but the inherent intermittency and volatility of renewable energy storage prevent the rapid development of the renewable energy storage to a certain extent. The energy storage can change the passive instant-use mode by translating the intermittent energy, thereby enhancing the schedulability of the renewable energy.
The liquid air energy storage technology gets rid of the limitation of environmental factors such as geographic positions, geomorphic conditions and the like, has important advantages of high energy storage density, movable storage, low unit energy storage cost, capability of being well integrated with other thermal processes and the like, is rapidly developed in recent years, and is verified and applied in domestic and foreign demonstration projects as a key technology and tends to be mature. The liquid air energy storage technology is characterized in that compressed air is liquefied and stored at normal pressure in the valley of energy consumption, and the liquid air releases cold energy and expands to generate electricity in the peak of power consumption. The compression heat generated in the air compression process is usually excessive and is usually dissipated in the form of heat energy, the system energy production form is single, and the energy utilization efficiency is low. Therefore, the energy conversion of the liquid air energy storage technology needs to be further optimized and improved, and the energy production form and the application occasion need to be further widened.
Under the background of promoting global energy Internet, the combination of a combined cooling, heating and power system and a micro-grid is a comprehensive energy supply system based on an energy cascade utilization principle and fusing various distributed energy sources. However, the power unit of the traditional combined cooling heating and power system usually adopts an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine as power equipment, and carbon emission is generated in the fuel combustion process, so that environmental pollution is caused, and the power unit does not meet the development requirement of green low-carbon economic energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a liquid air energy storage triple-generation operation method based on multi-path expansion, which is used for solving the problem that a power unit of a traditional cold-heat-power triple-generation system usually adopts an internal combustion engine or gasThe turbine is used as power equipment, carbon emission is generated in the fuel combustion process, the environment pollution is caused, and the defects that the development requirement of green low-carbon economic energy is not met are overcome by providing the method with system circulation efficiency,
Efficiency maximize, energy supply cost minimize for the target, distribute the energy of heat supply, cooling and power supply according to the relation of supply and demand, realized that the trigeminy supplies the system and realizes the maximize of energy supply efficiency with the minimum cost.
The invention also provides a liquid air energy storage triple-generation operation system based on multi-path expansion, which is used for solving the defects that a power unit of the traditional cold-heat-electricity triple-generation system usually adopts an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine as power equipment, carbon emission is generated in the fuel combustion process, environmental pollution is caused, and the development requirement of green low-carbon economic energy is not met.
According to the first aspect of the invention, a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on multi-path expansion is provided, and comprises the following steps: the system comprises a liquid air energy storage passage, a liquid air energy release passage, a heat supply passage, a cold supply passage and a power supply passage, wherein the liquid air energy storage passage is connected with the heat supply passage, and the liquid air energy release passage is respectively connected with the cold supply passage and the power supply passage, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a triple supply proportion parameter of the heat supply passage, the cold supply passage and the power supply passage;
constructing a cyclic efficiency objective function, a cooling circuit, a cyclic efficiency objective function and a cyclic efficiency objective function,
An efficiency objective function and an energy cost function;
with a circulation efficiency,
The maximum efficiency and the minimum energy supply cost are taken as targets, and an objective function based on the cyclic efficiency is constructed
A triple supply objective function of the efficiency objective function and the energy supply cost function is solved based on the first system parameter and a hybrid intelligent algorithm to obtain an energy supply scheme solution set;
respectively being the target function of the circulation efficiency and the target function of the circulation efficiency according to the triple co-generation proportion parameter
Adding weight characteristic values to an efficiency objective function and the energy supply cost function, and solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of the triple power supply objective function;
acquiring a supply and demand matching coefficient, calculating a first supply and demand relation ratio of the heat supply quantity and the heat demand quantity, calculating a second supply and demand relation ratio of the cold supply quantity and the cold demand quantity, calculating a third supply and demand relation ratio of the power supply quantity and the power demand quantity, and judging;
if the first supply-demand relation ratio, the second supply-demand relation ratio and the third supply-demand relation ratio all meet the supply-demand matching coefficient, outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution, and taking the second system parameter as a triple supply operation parameter;
and if at least one of the first supply-demand relation ratio, the second supply-demand relation ratio and the third supply-demand relation ratio does not meet the supply-demand matching coefficient, adjusting the supply proportions of the heat supply passage, the cold supply passage and the power supply passage until the supply-demand matching coefficient is met.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining the triple supply proportion parameter of the heat supply path, the cold supply path, and the power supply path specifically includes:
and acquiring an operation time parameter, and determining a triple supply proportion parameter of the heat supply path, the cold supply path and the power supply path according to the operation time parameter, wherein the operation time parameter comprises an operation time period and/or an operation season.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation manner for obtaining the triple co-generation ratio parameter, and since the demands for cooling, heating and power are different in different seasons or operation time periods, the corresponding cooling, heating and power distribution ratio is determined according to the seasons or the time periods, and thus the triple co-generation energy can be distributed closer to the actual demand.
In an application scene, when the air conditioner runs in summer, the heat supply accounts for 5% -15% of the total energy supply, the cold supply accounts for 35% -50% of the total energy supply, and the power supply accounts for 35% -60% of the total energy supply; when the system operates in a transition season, the heat supply accounts for 15-25% of the total energy supply, the cold supply accounts for 5-10% of the total energy supply, and the power supply accounts for 65-80% of the total energy supply; when the system operates in winter, the heat supply accounts for 55-65% of the total energy supply, the cold supply accounts for 0% of the total energy supply, and the power supply accounts for 35-45% of the total energy supply. Further, the energy supply quantity of the system is determined according to the system capacity, for example, the total energy supply capacity of the system is 10MW, when the system runs in summer, the heat supply quantity of the system is 0.5-1.5MW, the cold supply quantity is 3.5-5MW, and the power supply quantity is 3.5-6 MW.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of constructing the cyclic efficiency objective function based on the first system parameter for the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path, the heat supply path, the cold supply path and the power supply path specifically includes:
acquiring power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage and the liquid air energy release passage, power supply parameters of the power supply passage, heat supply parameters of the heat supply passage, cold supply parameters of the cold supply passage, cold-electricity conversion coefficients of the cold supply passage and thermoelectric conversion coefficients of the heat supply passage;
and constructing the cycle efficiency objective function according to the power consumption parameter, the power supply quantity parameter, the heat supply quantity parameter, the cold-electricity conversion coefficient and the thermoelectric conversion coefficient.
Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation manner for constructing a cyclic efficiency objective function, and for constructing the cyclic efficiency objective function, the following formula is applied:
wherein RTE is a cyclic efficiency objective function;
WLAPis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WCOMis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy storage passage;
WATBis a power supply quantity parameter of the power supply path;
Qcis a cooling capacity parameter of the cooling passage;
Qhis a heat supply parameter of the heat supply path;
COPcis the cold-to-electricity conversion coefficient of the cooling path;
COPhis the thermoelectric conversion coefficient of the heat supply path.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the constructing of the liquid air charging path, the liquid air discharging path, the heating path, the cooling path and the power supply path is based on a first system parameter
The step of the efficiency objective function specifically includes:
obtaining the power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage and the liquid air energy release passage and the heat of the heat supply passage
Parameter, cooling of said cooling channel
A parameter;
according to the power consumption parameter, the heat
Parameters and said cooling
Parameter construction of the
An efficiency objective function.
In particular, the present embodiment provides a build
Implementation of the efficiency objective function for
Constructing an efficiency objective function by applying the following formula:
ηex＝(WATB-WLAP+Exc+Exh)/WCOM
wherein eta isexIs composed of
An efficiency objective function;
WATBis a power supply quantity parameter of the power supply path;
WLAPis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WCOMis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy storage passage;
Excis cold
A parameter;
Exhis heat
And (4) parameters.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of constructing the energy supply cost function of the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path, the heat supply path, the cold supply path and the power supply path based on the first system parameter specifically includes:
obtaining a cost recovery factor, a currency expansion rate and an initial investment cost;
acquiring the power supply amount, the cooling amount and the heating amount in the ith month and the monthly total cost in the ith month, wherein i is an integer which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12;
and constructing the energy supply cost function according to the cost recovery factor, the currency expansion rate, the initial investment cost, the power supply quantity, the cold supply quantity, the heat supply quantity and the monthly total cost.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation of constructing an energy supply cost function, and for the construction of the energy supply cost function, the following formula is applied:
wherein, LCOE is an energy supply cost function;
α is a cost recovery factor;
Wj、Qc，jand Qh，jThe power supply quantity, the cooling quantity and the heat supply quantity provided by the system in the jth month;
f is the inflation rate;
∑iCiis the initial investment cost;
ATC is the monthly total cost for month i.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the cycle efficiency,
The efficiency is maximum, the energy supply cost is minimum, and the construction is based on the cycle effectRate objective function, said
In the step of triple-supply objective function of the efficiency objective function and the energy supply cost function, the method specifically includes:
with [ max RTE, max eta ]ex，min LCOE]For the triple supply target function, an intelligent algorithm such as a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm algorithm is utilized to solve an optimal solution set for the triple supply system to supply energy, and the solution set comprises a plurality of groups of different first system parameters.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the target cyclic efficiency function and the target cyclic efficiency function are respectively determined according to the triple co-generation ratio parameter
The method comprises the following steps of adding weight characteristic values to an efficiency objective function and an energy supply cost function, and solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of the triple power supply objective function, and specifically comprises the following steps:
respectively being the target function of the circulation efficiency and the target function of the circulation efficiency according to the triple co-generation proportion parameter
And adding weight characteristic values to the efficiency objective function and the energy supply cost function, and solving an optimal compromise solution by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain the optimal energy supply plan of the system.
In one application scenario, the triplet supply ratio parameter is in terms of w1＝w2＝w3Set for 1/3 to solve for the optimal solution set and make
And an optimal energy supply scheme is established.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the steps of obtaining a supply and demand matching coefficient, calculating a first supply and demand relationship ratio between a heat supply amount and a heat demand amount, calculating a second supply and demand relationship ratio between a cold supply amount and a cold demand amount, calculating a third supply and demand relationship ratio between a power supply amount and a power demand amount, and performing a judgment specifically include:
and judging according to the supply and demand matching coefficient, and verifying whether the first supply and demand relation ratio, the second supply and demand relation ratio and the third supply and demand relation ratio meet the demand.
In an application scene, the supply and demand matching coefficient is between 0.5 and 1.5, whether the energy supply and the demand of the system are matched or not is judged, and when the cooling capacity, the heating capacity and the power supply capacity simultaneously meet the supply and demand matching function of the system
Outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution, and taking the second system parameter as a triple co-generation operation parameter; otherwise, changing the set cold, heat and electricity supply proportion, and outputting a second system parameter when the iterative optimization is carried out until the system supply and demand matching function is met.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation system based on multiple expansion, which has the above liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on multiple expansion, or the above liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation device based on multiple expansion, and the system includes: a thermal energy loop;
the liquid air energy storage passage compresses air into liquid air by utilizing valley electricity to realize energy storage;
the liquid air energy storage passage and the power supply passage are coupled and exchange heat through the heat energy loop.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a compressor unit, a cooler, a cold accumulation device, a pressure reduction device, a liquid air storage tank, a low-temperature pump, a normal-temperature storage tank, a medium-temperature storage tank and a reheater;
the compressor set, the cooler, the cold accumulation device, the pressure reduction device and the liquid air storage tank are sequentially connected to form the liquid air energy storage passage;
the liquid air storage tank, the low-temperature pump and the cold accumulation device are sequentially connected to form the liquid air energy release passage;
the cooler, the medium-temperature storage tank, the reheater and the normal-temperature storage tank are connected to form the heat energy loop.
Specifically, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a liquid air energy storage path, a liquid air energy release path, and a thermal energy circuit.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: a first expander set;
the cold accumulation device, the reheater and the first expansion unit are sequentially connected to form the power supply circuit.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation of a power supply path.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: a second expander set and a cooling device;
the cold accumulation device, the second expansion unit and the cold supply device are sequentially connected to form the cold supply passage.
Specifically, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a cooling circuit.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: a heating device;
the normal temperature storage tank, the cooler, the medium temperature storage tank and the heat supply device are sequentially connected to form the heat supply passage.
In particular, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a heating pathway.
One or more technical solutions in the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: the invention provides a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method and system based on multi-path expansion, and the method and the system are based on system circulation efficiency,
Efficiency maximize, energy supply cost minimize for the target, distribute the energy of heat supply, cooling and power supply according to the relation of supply and demand, realized that the trigeminy supplies the system and realizes the maximize of energy supply efficiency with the minimum cost.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on multi-path expansion provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic layout of a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operating system based on multi-path expansion provided by the invention.
Reference numerals:
10. a compressor unit; 20. A cooler; 30. A cold storage device;
40. a pressure reducing device; 50. A liquid air storage tank; 60. A cryopump;
70. a normal temperature storage tank; 80. A medium-temperature storage tank; 90. A reheater;
100. a first expander set; 110. A second expander set; 120. A cooling device;
130. a heat supply device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on multi-path expansion provided by the invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic layout of a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operating system based on multi-path expansion provided by the invention. The invention provides a multi-path expanded liquid air energy storage triple supply operation system which comprises a compression unit, a cold accumulation unit and an energy supply unit. The compression unit comprises a compressor unit 10, a cooler 20, a normal temperature storage tank 70 and a medium temperature storage tank 80; the cold accumulation unit comprises a cold accumulation device 30, a pressure reduction device 40, a liquid air storage tank 50 and a low-temperature pump 60; the power supply unit includes a power supply part including a reheater 90 and an expansion unit, a cooling part including a second expansion unit 110 and a cooling device 120, and a heating part including a heating device 130.
The cooling unit composed of the second expansion unit 110 and the cooling device 120 and the power supply unit composed of the reheater 90 and the first expansion unit 100 adopt a parallel bypass structure, and the adjustment of the supply ratio of the cooling energy and the electric energy can be realized by changing the air flow split ratio flowing into the cooling unit and the power supply unit. The regulation and control of the air split ratio can be realized by regulating the opening degree of a valve on a power supply pipeline and a cold supply pipeline.
A part of the compressed heat recovered and stored in the medium temperature storage tank 80 is used as a heat source of the reheater 90 in the power supply unit, another part of the compressed heat is used as a heat source of the heating device 130, and the heat exchange fluid carrying the compressed heat is cooled and stored in the normal temperature storage tank 70 after passing through the reheater 90 and the heating device 130 for heat exchange. The adjustment of the supply and heating rates may be accomplished by adjusting the split ratio of the heat transfer fluid flowing into the reheater 90 and the heating unit 130. The adjustment of the split ratio of the heat transfer fluid can be achieved by adjusting the opening of the reheater 90 and the valves on the heat supply line.
It should be noted that, in the liquid air energy storage triple-generation operation system based on multi-path expansion provided by the invention, when the energy consumption is low, the low-ebb electricity is consumed to realize liquefaction of air, when the energy consumption is high, the supply of electric energy, cold energy and heat energy is realized through the expansion unit, the cold supply device 120 and the heat supply device 130, and the triple-generation system based on the liquid air energy storage realizes peak clipping and valley filling of the energy consumption. The pressure reduction device 40 of the cold accumulation unit can adopt a low-temperature expander, and in the energy storage stage, high-pressure low-temperature air flows through the low-temperature expander to do work by expansion, so that the power consumption of the compressor is compensated.
Furthermore, the multi-path expanded liquid air energy storage triple supply operation system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, gradient utilization of energy and capability of realizing flexible adjustment of the proportion of cold, heat and electricity supplied by the system. Compare traditional cold and hot electricity trigeminy and supply system, trigeminy based on liquid air energy storage supplies the system operation process and is net zero carbon process, and no combustion process, the clean green of system's energy supply. Coupling the liquid air energy storage with a triple supply system, and storing off-peak electric energy when the energy is used off-peak; when the energy consumption is in a peak, the system provides various types of cold, heat and electricity energy, and the system can realize peak clipping and valley filling of the energy and promote the consumption of renewable energy. Compared with a traditional liquid air energy storage system, the system utilizes surplus compression heat to realize power supply and heat supply of the system, the system is efficient in energy utilization, the advantage of multi-energy complementation is fully exerted, the circulation efficiency of the system is improved, and the application range of liquid air energy storage is expanded.
In one application scenario, the heat sources of the reheater 90 and the heating device 130 in the power supply unit may be compression heat, solar energy photo-thermal energy, and industrial waste heat which is not sufficiently recycled.
In another application scenario, a heat pump technology can be adopted in the energy release stage to upgrade the compression heat grade, so that multi-energy combined supply of cold, heat, electricity and steam is realized.
In another application scenario, a triple co-generation system based on a liquid air energy storage system can be changed into a triple co-generation system based on compressed air energy storage, and only the cold accumulation unit needs to be modified correspondingly.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the present solution provides a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on multi-path expansion, including: liquid air energy storage passageway, liquid air release can route, heat supply route, cooling route and power supply route, wherein, liquid air energy storage passageway is connected with the heat supply route, and liquid air releases can the route and is connected with cooling route and power supply route respectively, and the method includes:
acquiring a triple supply proportion parameter of a heat supply passage, a cold supply passage and a power supply passage;
constructing liquid air energy storage passage and liquid air energy release passageThe path, the heat supply path, the cold supply path and the power supply path are based on a cyclic efficiency objective function of a first system parameter,
An efficiency objective function and an energy cost function;
with a circulation efficiency,
The efficiency is maximum, the energy supply cost is minimum, and a cyclic efficiency objective function,
The method comprises the steps of performing triple co-generation target function of an efficiency target function and an energy supply cost function, and solving the triple co-generation target function based on first system parameters and a hybrid intelligent algorithm to obtain an energy supply scheme solution set;
according to the three-coupling proportion parameters, respectively being a cyclic efficiency objective function,
Adding weight characteristic values to the efficiency objective function and the energy supply cost function, and solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of the triple power supply objective function;
acquiring a supply and demand matching coefficient, calculating a first supply and demand relation ratio of the heat supply quantity and the heat demand quantity, calculating a second supply and demand relation ratio of the cold supply quantity and the cold demand quantity, calculating a third supply and demand relation ratio of the power supply quantity and the power demand quantity, and judging;
if the first supply-demand relation ratio, the second supply-demand relation ratio and the third supply-demand relation ratio all meet the supply-demand matching coefficient, outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution, and taking the second system parameter as a triple supply operation parameter;
and if at least one of the first supply-demand relation ratio, the second supply-demand relation ratio and the third supply-demand relation ratio does not meet the supply-demand matching coefficient, adjusting the supply proportion of the heat supply passage, the cold supply passage and the power supply passage until the supply-demand matching coefficient is met.
In particular, the invention provides a method of multiplex expansionA liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method is used for solving the defects that a power unit of a traditional combined cooling heating and power system usually adopts an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine as power equipment, carbon emission is generated in the fuel combustion process to cause environmental pollution, and the development requirement of green low-carbon economic energy is not met
Efficiency maximize, energy supply cost minimize for the target, distribute the energy of heat supply, cooling and power supply according to the relation of supply and demand, realized that the trigeminy supplies the system and realizes the maximize of energy supply efficiency with the minimum cost.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of obtaining a triple supply proportion parameter of the heat supply path, the cold supply path, and the power supply path specifically includes:
and acquiring an operation time parameter, and determining a triple supply proportion parameter of the heat supply passage, the cold supply passage and the power supply passage according to the operation time parameter, wherein the operation time parameter comprises an operation time period and/or an operation season.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation manner for obtaining the triple co-generation ratio parameter, and since the demands for cooling, heating and power are different in different seasons or operation time periods, the corresponding cooling, heating and power distribution ratio is determined according to the seasons or the time periods, and thus the triple co-generation energy can be distributed closer to the actual demand.
In an application scene, when the air conditioner runs in summer, the heat supply accounts for 5% -15% of the total energy supply, the cold supply accounts for 35% -50% of the total energy supply, and the power supply accounts for 35% -60% of the total energy supply; when the system operates in a transition season, the heat supply accounts for 15-25% of the total energy supply, the cold supply accounts for 5-10% of the total energy supply, and the power supply accounts for 65-80% of the total energy supply; when the system operates in winter, the heat supply accounts for 55-65% of the total energy supply, the cold supply accounts for 0% of the total energy supply, and the power supply accounts for 35-45% of the total energy supply. Further, the energy supply quantity of the system is determined according to the system capacity, for example, the total energy supply capacity of the system is 10MW, when the system runs in summer, the heat supply quantity of the system is 0.5-1.5MW, the cold supply quantity is 3.5-5MW, and the power supply quantity is 3.5-6 MW.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of constructing a circulation efficiency objective function of the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path, the heat supply path, the cold supply path, and the power supply path based on the first system parameter specifically includes:
acquiring power consumption parameters of a liquid air energy storage passage and a liquid air energy release passage, power supply parameters of a power supply passage, heat supply parameters of a heat supply passage, cold supply parameters of a cold supply passage, cold-electricity conversion coefficients of the cold supply passage and thermoelectric conversion coefficients of the heat supply passage;
and constructing a cycle efficiency objective function according to the power consumption parameter, the power supply quantity parameter, the heat supply quantity parameter, the cold-electricity conversion coefficient and the thermoelectric conversion coefficient.
Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation manner for constructing a cyclic efficiency objective function, and for constructing the cyclic efficiency objective function, the following formula is applied:
wherein RTE is a cyclic efficiency objective function;
WLAPis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WCOMis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy storage passage;
WATBis a power supply quantity parameter of the power supply path;
Qcis a cooling capacity parameter of the cooling passage;
Qhis a heat supply parameter of the heat supply path;
COPcis the cold-to-electricity conversion coefficient of the cooling path;
COPhis the thermoelectric conversion coefficient of the heat supply path.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, a liquid air energy storage passage and a liquid air energy release passage are constructedThe heating path, the cooling path and the power supply path are based on a first system parameter
The step of the efficiency objective function specifically includes:
obtaining power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage and the liquid air energy release passage and heat of the heat supply passage
Parameter, cooling of cooling path
A parameter;
according to power consumption parameter, heat
Parameter and cold
Parameter construction
An efficiency objective function.
In particular, the present embodiment provides a build
Implementation of the efficiency objective function for
Constructing an efficiency objective function by applying the following formula:
ηex＝(WATB-WLAP+Exc+Exh)/WCOM
wherein eta isexIs composed of
An efficiency objective function;
WATBis the amount of power supplied to the power supply pathA parameter;
WLAPis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy release passage;
WCOMis the power consumption parameter of the liquid air energy storage passage;
Excis cold
A parameter;
Exhis heat
And (4) parameters.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of constructing the energy supply cost function of the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path, the heat supply path, the cold supply path, and the power supply path based on the first system parameter specifically includes:
obtaining a cost recovery factor, a currency expansion rate and an initial investment cost;
acquiring the power supply amount, the cooling amount and the heating amount in the ith month and the monthly total cost in the ith month, wherein i is an integer which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12;
and constructing an energy supply cost function according to the cost recovery factor, the inflation rate of the currency, the initial investment cost, the power supply quantity, the cold supply quantity, the heat supply quantity and the monthly total cost.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation of constructing an energy supply cost function, and for the construction of the energy supply cost function, the following formula is applied:
wherein, LCOE is an energy supply cost function;
α is a cost recovery factor;
Wj、Qc，jand Qh，jThe power supply quantity, the cooling quantity and the heat supply quantity provided by the system in the jth month;
f is the inflation rate;
∑iCiis the initial investment cost;
ATC is the monthly total cost for month i.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the process is carried out at a cycle efficiency,
The efficiency is maximum, the energy supply cost is minimum, and a cyclic efficiency objective function,
In the step of triple supply objective function of the efficiency objective function and the energy supply cost function, the method specifically includes:
with [ max RTE, max eta ]ex，min LCOE]For the triple supply target function, an intelligent algorithm such as a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm algorithm is utilized to solve an optimal solution set for the triple supply system to supply energy, and the solution set comprises a plurality of groups of different first system parameters.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the target function of the circulation efficiency is,
The method comprises the following steps of adding weight characteristic values to an efficiency objective function and an energy supply cost function, and solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of a triple power supply objective function, and specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the three-coupling proportion parameters, respectively being a cyclic efficiency objective function,
And adding weight characteristic values to the efficiency objective function and the energy supply cost function, and solving an optimal compromise solution by using the fuzzy membership function to obtain the optimal energy supply plan of the system.
In one application scenario, the triplet supply ratio parameter is in terms of w1＝w2＝w3Set for 1/3 to solve for the optimal solution set and make
And an optimal energy supply scheme is established.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the steps of obtaining a supply and demand matching coefficient, calculating a first supply and demand relationship ratio of a heat supply amount and a heat demand amount, calculating a second supply and demand relationship ratio of a cold supply amount and a cold demand amount, calculating a third supply and demand relationship ratio of the power supply amount and the power demand amount, and performing the determination specifically include:
and judging according to the supply and demand matching coefficient, and verifying whether the first supply and demand relation ratio, the second supply and demand relation ratio and the third supply and demand relation ratio meet the demand.
In an application scene, the supply and demand matching coefficient is between 0.5 and 1.5, whether the energy supply and the demand of the system are matched or not is judged, and when the cooling capacity, the heating capacity and the power supply capacity simultaneously meet the supply and demand matching function of the system
Outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution, and taking the second system parameter as a triple co-generation operation parameter; otherwise, changing the set cold, heat and electricity supply proportion, and outputting a second system parameter when the iterative optimization is carried out until the system supply and demand matching function is met.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the present solution provides a liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation system based on multiple expansion, having the above-mentioned liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on multiple expansion, or the above-mentioned liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation device based on multiple expansion, and the system includes: a thermal energy loop; the liquid air energy storage passage utilizes valley electricity to compress air into liquid air to realize energy storage; the liquid air energy storage passage and the power supply passage are coupled and exchange heat through the heat energy loop.
In detail, the invention also provides a multi-path expanded liquid air energy storage triple-generation operation system, which is used for solving the defects that a power unit of the traditional cold-heat-electricity triple-generation system usually adopts an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine as power equipment, carbon emission is generated in the fuel combustion process, environmental pollution is caused, and the development requirement of green low-carbon economic energy is not met.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the method comprises: the system comprises a compressor unit 10, a cooler 20, a cold accumulation device 30, a pressure reduction device 40, a liquid air storage tank 50, a low-temperature pump 60, a normal-temperature storage tank 70, a medium-temperature storage tank 80 and a reheater 90; the compressor unit 10, the cooler 20, the cold accumulation device 30, the pressure reduction device 40 and the liquid air storage tank 50 are sequentially connected to form a liquid air energy storage passage; the liquid air storage tank 50, the low-temperature pump 60 and the cold accumulation device 30 are sequentially connected to form a liquid air energy release passage; the cooler 20, the medium temperature storage tank 80, the reheater 90 and the normal temperature storage tank 70 are connected to form a heat energy loop.
Specifically, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a liquid air energy storage path, a liquid air energy release path, and a thermal energy circuit.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: a first expander train 100; the cold storage device 30, the reheater 90 and the first expansion unit 100 are connected in sequence to form a power supply path.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation of a power supply path.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: a second expander train 110 and a cooling device 120; the cold accumulation device 30, the second expander set 110, and the cooling device 120 are connected in sequence to form a cooling passage.
Specifically, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a cooling circuit.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the method further includes: a heating device 130; the normal temperature storage tank 70, the cooler 20, the medium temperature storage tank 80, and the heating apparatus 130 are connected in sequence to form a heating path.
In particular, the present embodiments provide an implementation of a heating pathway.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation system based on multi-path expansion provided by the present invention includes a compression unit, a cold accumulation unit and an energy supply unit. The compression unit comprises a compressor unit 10, a cooler 20, a normal temperature storage tank 70 and a medium temperature storage tank 80; the cold accumulation unit comprises a cold accumulation device 30, a pressure reduction device 40, a liquid air storage tank 50 and a low-temperature pump 60; the power supply unit includes a power supply part including a reheater 90 and an expansion unit, a cooling part including a second expansion unit 110 and a cooling device 120, and a heating part including a heating device 130.
In the energy storage stage, the compressor unit 10 compresses the normal temperature and pressure air to the medium temperature and pressure, the air flows through the cooler 20 for cooling, the compression heat is recovered by the heat exchange fluid flowing out from the normal temperature storage tank 70, and the heated heat exchange fluid is stored in the medium temperature storage tank 80. The cooled pressurized air flows through the cold storage device 30 to obtain cold, and is liquefied by the pressure reduction device 40, and the liquid air is stored in the liquid air storage tank 50.
In the energy releasing stage, the liquid air is pressurized by the cryopump 60, passes through the cold accumulation device 30 to release cold energy, and is reheated and gasified. Part of the air flows into a reheater 90 to be heated, and the reheated air enters an expansion unit to be expanded to generate power; the heat exchange fluid flowing out of the medium temperature storage tank 80 is used as a heat source of the reheater 90, and the heat exchange fluid is cooled and stored in the normal temperature storage tank 70 through heat exchange in the reheater 90; the other part of the air flows into the second expansion unit 110 to expand and generate power, the outlet of the second expansion unit 110 obtains low-temperature air, the low-temperature air enters the cooling device 120, the air after heat exchange is mixed with the air flowing through the expansion unit, and the chilled water obtained by the cooling device 120 participates in the circulation of the peripheral air conditioning unit to realize cooling. A part of the heat exchange fluid stored in the medium temperature storage tank 80 is used as a heat source of the reheater 90, and a part of the heat exchange fluid is shunted to be used as a heat source of the heating device 130, so as to prepare domestic hot water, and the medium temperature heat exchange fluid after the heat exchange process is cooled to be the normal temperature heat exchange fluid, and is collected and stored in the normal temperature storage tank 70.
It should be noted that the adjustment of the cooling and power supply ratio of the system can be realized by adjusting the split ratio of the air flowing into the reheater 90 and the second expansion unit 110; the adjustment of the power supply and heat supply proportion can be realized by adjusting the flow distribution proportion of the heat transfer fluid flowing into the reheater 90 and the heat supply device 130, and the requirements of the load side on power supply of different cold, heat and electricity proportions are met.
The cooling unit comprising the second expander set 110 and the cooling device 120 and the power supply unit comprising the reheater 90 and the expander set adopt a parallel bypass structure.
In one application scenario, the air compressor package 10 includes one or more stages of compressors, connected in series, in parallel, or integrated into the compressor package 10, the compressor may be in the form of piston, screw, or centrifugal type, etc., and a cooler 20 is disposed behind each stage of compressor to recover heat of compression.
In one application scenario, the air expansion unit comprises one or more stages of expansion machines which are connected in series, in parallel or integrated into an expansion unit, the structural form of the expansion machines can be radial flow type, axial flow type or radial axial flow type, etc., a reheater 90 is arranged in front of each stage of expansion machine, and the heat source of the reheater 90 is the recovered compression heat.
In one application scenario, the cooling unit comprising the second expansion unit 110 and the cooling device 120 may have one or more stages, and when coupled in a group with the reheater 90 and the power generation unit comprising the expansion unit, and the multiple stages are connected in parallel, the split air flowing through the second expansion unit 110 and the cooling device 120 is mixed with the inlet air of the next reheater 90.
In one application scenario, the pressure reducing device 40 of the cold storage unit may be a throttle or a cryogenic expander.
In an application scenario, the cold storage device 30 may adopt one or more of liquid phase, solid phase or phase change cold storage modes, the liquid or gaseous air and the cold storage medium directly or indirectly contact for heat exchange, and the cold storage device 30 may be one-stage or multi-stage, series or parallel, or corresponding combined structure.
In one application scenario, the cooler 20, reheater 90, heating unit 130, and cooling unit 120 may be shell and tube or plate-fin heat exchange structures.
In one application scenario, the heat transfer fluid for recycling the heat of compression may be a heat transfer oil or pressurized water.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on multi-path expansion is characterized by comprising the following steps: the system comprises a liquid air energy storage passage, a liquid air energy release passage, a heat supply passage, a cold supply passage and a power supply passage, wherein the liquid air energy storage passage is connected with the heat supply passage, and the liquid air energy release passage is respectively connected with the cold supply passage and the power supply passage, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a triple supply proportion parameter of the heat supply passage, the cold supply passage and the power supply passage;
constructing the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage, the heat supply passage, the cold supply passage andthe power supply path is based on a cyclic efficiency objective function of a first system parameter,
An efficiency objective function and an energy cost function;
with a circulation efficiency,
The maximum efficiency and the minimum energy supply cost are taken as targets, and an objective function based on the cyclic efficiency is constructed
A triple supply objective function of the efficiency objective function and the energy supply cost function is solved based on the first system parameter and a hybrid intelligent algorithm to obtain an energy supply scheme solution set;
respectively being the target function of the circulation efficiency and the target function of the circulation efficiency according to the triple co-generation proportion parameter
Adding weight characteristic values to an efficiency objective function and the energy supply cost function, and solving by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an optimal compromise solution of the triple power supply objective function;
acquiring a supply and demand matching coefficient, calculating a first supply and demand relation ratio of the heat supply quantity and the heat demand quantity, calculating a second supply and demand relation ratio of the cold supply quantity and the cold demand quantity, calculating a third supply and demand relation ratio of the power supply quantity and the power demand quantity, and judging;
if the first supply-demand relation ratio, the second supply-demand relation ratio and the third supply-demand relation ratio all meet the supply-demand matching coefficient, outputting a second system parameter of the optimal compromise solution, and taking the second system parameter as a triple supply operation parameter;
and if at least one of the first supply-demand relation ratio, the second supply-demand relation ratio and the third supply-demand relation ratio does not meet the supply-demand matching coefficient, adjusting the supply proportions of the heat supply passage, the cold supply passage and the power supply passage until the supply-demand matching coefficient is met.
2. The liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on multi-path expansion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining triple co-generation proportion parameters of the heat supply path, the cold supply path and the power supply path specifically comprises:
and acquiring an operation time parameter, and determining a triple supply proportion parameter of the heat supply path, the cold supply path and the power supply path according to the operation time parameter, wherein the operation time parameter comprises an operation time period and/or an operation season.
3. The liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on the multi-path expansion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of constructing the circulation efficiency objective function of the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path, the heat supply path, the cold supply path and the power supply path based on a first system parameter specifically comprises:
acquiring power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage and the liquid air energy release passage, power supply parameters of the power supply passage, heat supply parameters of the heat supply passage, cold supply parameters of the cold supply passage, cold-electricity conversion coefficients of the cold supply passage and thermoelectric conversion coefficients of the heat supply passage;
and constructing the cycle efficiency objective function according to the power consumption parameter, the power supply quantity parameter, the heat supply quantity parameter, the cold-electricity conversion coefficient and the thermoelectric conversion coefficient.
4. The liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on multi-path expansion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction of the liquid air energy storage passage, the liquid air energy release passage, the heat supply passage, the cold supply passage and the power supply passage is based on a first system parameter
The step of the efficiency objective function specifically includes:
obtaining the power consumption parameters of the liquid air energy storage passage and the liquid air energy release passage and the heat of the heat supply passage
Parameter, cooling of said cooling channel
A parameter;
according to the power consumption parameter, the heat
Parameters and said cooling
Parameter construction of the
An efficiency objective function.
5. The liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on the multi-path expansion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of constructing the energy supply cost function of the liquid air energy storage path, the liquid air energy release path, the heat supply path, the cold supply path and the power supply path based on the first system parameter specifically comprises:
obtaining a cost recovery factor, a currency expansion rate and an initial investment cost;
acquiring the power supply amount, the cooling amount and the heating amount in the ith month and the monthly total cost in the ith month, wherein i is an integer which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 12;
and constructing the energy supply cost function according to the cost recovery factor, the currency expansion rate, the initial investment cost, the power supply quantity, the cold supply quantity, the heat supply quantity and the monthly total cost.
6. A liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation system based on multi-path expansion, which is characterized in that the liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operation method based on multi-path expansion of any one of the above claims 1 to 5 is provided, and the system comprises: a thermal energy loop;
the liquid air energy storage passage compresses air into liquid air by utilizing valley electricity to realize energy storage;
the liquid air energy storage passage and the power supply passage are coupled and exchange heat through the heat energy loop.
7. The liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operating system based on the multi-path expansion is characterized by comprising the following components: the system comprises a compressor unit, a cooler, a cold accumulation device, a pressure reduction device, a liquid air storage tank, a low-temperature pump, a normal-temperature storage tank, a medium-temperature storage tank and a reheater;
the compressor set, the cooler, the cold accumulation device, the pressure reduction device and the liquid air storage tank are sequentially connected to form the liquid air energy storage passage;
the liquid air storage tank, the low-temperature pump and the cold accumulation device are sequentially connected to form the liquid air energy release passage;
the cooler, the medium-temperature storage tank, the reheater and the normal-temperature storage tank are connected to form the heat energy loop.
8. The liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operating system based on multi-path expansion as claimed in claim 7, further comprising: a first expander set;
the cold accumulation device, the reheater and the first expansion unit are sequentially connected to form the power supply circuit.
9. The liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operating system based on multi-path expansion as claimed in claim 8, further comprising: a second expander set and a cooling device;
the cold accumulation device, the second expansion unit and the cold supply device are sequentially connected to form the cold supply passage.
10. The liquid air energy storage triple co-generation operating system based on multi-path expansion as claimed in claim 9, further comprising: a heating device;
the normal temperature storage tank, the cooler, the medium temperature storage tank and the heat supply device are sequentially connected to form the heat supply passage.
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Effective date of registration: 20230719 Address after: Building 2, No. 18 Lishi Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010 Patentee after: Zhonglv Zhongke energy storage Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 29 East Zhongguancun Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190 Patentee before: TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |