CN115111878B - Self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system - Google Patents
Self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115111878B CN115111878B CN202210715640.5A CN202210715640A CN115111878B CN 115111878 B CN115111878 B CN 115111878B CN 202210715640 A CN202210715640 A CN 202210715640A CN 115111878 B CN115111878 B CN 115111878B
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 392
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, comprising: the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank are suitable for respectively storing cold heat exchange medium and hot heat exchange medium; the supercooling pipeline is in sealing communication with the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank and is suitable for guiding the cold heat exchange medium; at least one first heat exchanger is disposed between the energy storage line and the subcooling line. A large amount of heat released in the compression process of carbon dioxide is subjected to heat exchange through the first heat exchanger, the temperature of carbon dioxide in the liquefaction process is reduced, and the energy storage pipeline comprises: the liquefaction pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage tank; and the refrigeration pipeline is communicated with the air storage tank, and the third heat exchanger is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline and the refrigeration pipeline. Through the third heat exchanger, the refrigeration pipeline exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide in the liquefaction pipeline, so that the carbon dioxide in the liquefaction pipeline is thoroughly liquefied, and the system does not occupy excessive space and has a simple structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide energy storage, in particular to a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system.
Background
For a large-scale energy storage system, traditional physical energy storage modes such as pumped storage, compressed gas energy storage and the like are the most widely applied energy storage technology at present, but the pumped storage and the compressed air energy storage have high requirements on geographical location selection and have certain limitations in popularization and use. The carbon dioxide energy storage system is an energy storage system with development potential, and from physical properties, carbon dioxide has the advantages of good environmental performance, excellent thermal property, high air flow density, good thermal conductivity, low liquid viscosity, low critical parameter and the like, so that liquid carbon dioxide can be stored at a relatively high temperature, the storage space of the carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced, and the arrangement and popularization of the carbon dioxide energy storage system are facilitated.
However, when the carbon dioxide energy storage system in the prior art converts gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide for energy storage, a large cooling tower or a mechanical ventilation cooling tower is generally needed to provide a cooling effect for the carbon dioxide liquefaction process, and the cooling tower is a device for reducing the temperature of the system by absorbing heat from the system and discharging the heat into the atmosphere, performing cold-heat exchange after water is in flowing contact with air to generate steam, and evaporating the steam to take away the heat to achieve the principles of evaporation heat dissipation, convection heat transfer, radiation heat transfer and the like. The cooling tower is generally composed of a plurality of large barrel-shaped structures, the structure is huge, the whole carbon dioxide energy storage system is multiple in structure and large in occupied area, and water resources are evaporated, splashed and discharged in the action process of the cooling tower, so that the consumption of the water resources is huge.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the defects that in the prior art, equipment such as a large cooling tower is adopted in the carbon dioxide energy storage system to liquefy carbon dioxide, so that the whole system has a large structure and large occupied area and consumes a large amount of water resources are overcome.
To this end, the present invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system comprising:
the gas storage tank and the liquid storage tank are suitable for respectively storing gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid carbon dioxide;
the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline are respectively communicated with the air storage tank and the liquid storage tank;
the liquefaction assembly and the gasification assembly are respectively arranged on the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline, the liquefaction assembly is suitable for liquefying carbon dioxide for energy storage, and the gasification assembly is suitable for gasifying the carbon dioxide for energy release;
further comprises:
the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank are suitable for respectively storing cold heat exchange medium and hot heat exchange medium;
the supercooling pipeline is in sealing communication with the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank and is suitable for guiding the cold heat exchange medium;
at least one first heat exchanger is arranged between the energy storage line and the supercooling line in a heat-exchanging manner.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the overheat pipeline is in sealing communication with the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank and is suitable for guiding the heat exchange medium;
at least one second heat exchanger is arranged between the energy release pipeline and the overheating pipeline in a heat exchange mode.
Optionally, the energy storage pipeline comprises:
the liquefaction pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage tank;
the refrigeration pipeline is communicated with the air storage tank, the refrigeration pipeline is provided with a refrigeration expander, and the third heat exchanger is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline and the refrigeration pipeline in a heat exchange mode.
Optionally, a fourth heat exchanger is arranged between the refrigeration line and the superheating line in a heat exchanging manner.
Optionally, a flow regulating valve is arranged on the liquefaction pipeline or the refrigeration pipeline.
Optionally, the refrigeration expander is in power connection with a second generator.
Optionally, the refrigeration circuit includes:
the refrigerating heat exchange pipeline is communicated with the air storage tank, a throttle valve is arranged on the refrigerating heat exchange pipeline, and the third heat exchanger is arranged between the liquefying pipeline and the refrigerating heat exchange pipeline in a heat exchange manner;
and the return pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage tank and is provided with a gas check valve.
Optionally, the energy release pipeline includes:
the first energy release pipeline is communicated between the liquid storage tank and the gasification assembly;
the second energy release pipeline is communicated between the gasification assembly and the air storage tank, and the fifth heat exchanger is arranged between the first energy release pipeline and the second energy release pipeline in a heat exchange manner.
Optionally, the liquefaction assembly comprises at least one compressor adapted to be driven by an external force, and the gasification assembly comprises at least one expander.
Optionally, an electric motor is in power connection with the compressor, and the expander is in power connection with the first generator.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, comprising: the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank are suitable for respectively storing cold heat exchange medium and hot heat exchange medium; the supercooling pipeline is in sealing communication with the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank and is suitable for guiding the cold heat exchange medium; at least one first heat exchanger is arranged between the energy storage line and the supercooling line in a heat-exchanging manner.
According to the self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the invention, the heat exchange operation is carried out on a large amount of heat released in the process of liquefying and storing carbon dioxide by arranging the cold storage tank, the heat storage tank and the supercooling pipeline to be matched with the first heat exchanger, so that the temperature of carbon dioxide in the liquefying process is reduced, and the storage risk is avoided. The heat exchange assembly consisting of the cold storage tank, the heat storage tank, the supercooling pipeline and the first heat exchanger does not occupy excessive space, has a simple structure, and meanwhile, the heat exchange assembly is sealed with the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank through the supercooling pipeline, so that heat exchange medium can flow on the supercooling pipeline between the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank in a sealing way, and evaporation loss, splashing loss and emission loss of the heat exchange medium, namely high-pressure water, are avoided. The defects that in the prior art, equipment such as a large cooling tower is adopted in the carbon dioxide energy storage system to liquefy carbon dioxide, so that the whole system has a large structure and large occupied area and consumes a large amount of water resources are overcome.
2. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, which further comprises: the overheat pipeline is in sealing communication with the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank and is suitable for guiding the heat exchange medium; at least one second heat exchanger is arranged between the energy release pipeline and the overheating pipeline in a heat exchange mode.
The conversion of liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide requires the absorption of a large amount of heat, the heat exchange medium in the overheating pipeline is subjected to heat exchange by the second heat exchanger, and the low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide in the energy release pipeline is subjected to heat exchange, so that the carbon dioxide is gasified and energy is released, and the released energy is further converted into the subsequent utilization energy by the conversion equipment.
3. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, the energy storage pipeline comprises: the liquefaction pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage tank; the refrigeration pipeline is communicated with the air storage tank, the refrigeration pipeline is provided with a refrigeration expander, and the third heat exchanger is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline and the refrigeration pipeline in a heat exchange mode.
The carbon dioxide is subjected to heat exchange treatment by the first heat exchanger, then is split into a liquefaction pipeline and a refrigeration pipeline, the liquefaction pipeline is directly communicated with the liquid storage tank, and the carbon dioxide flows into the liquid storage tank after further liquefaction treatment; after the carbon dioxide in the refrigerating pipeline is subjected to refrigeration treatment by the refrigerating expander to form low-temperature carbon dioxide, the low-temperature carbon dioxide exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide in the liquefying pipeline by the third heat exchanger, so that the carbon dioxide in the liquefying pipeline is thoroughly liquefied, and finally enters the liquid storage tank to finish energy storage.
4. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein a fourth heat exchanger is arranged between a refrigeration pipeline and a superheating pipeline in a heat exchange manner.
A fourth heat exchanger is arranged between the refrigerating pipeline and the overheating pipeline, the carbon dioxide in the refrigerating pipeline exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the overheating pipeline, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the refrigerating pipeline is increased to enable the carbon dioxide to be further gasified and returned to the air storage tank, and meanwhile the heat exchange medium to be entering the cold storage tank is further cooled, so that the heat exchange medium is convenient to recycle again.
5. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein a flow regulating valve is arranged on a liquefaction pipeline or a refrigeration pipeline.
The flow regulating valve is arranged to regulate the carbon dioxide flow of the liquefaction pipeline or the refrigeration pipeline, so that the carbon dioxide for liquefaction and refrigeration heat exchange is reasonably distributed, each path of carbon dioxide reaches a proper initial temperature value, and the carbon dioxide is convenient to recycle again.
6. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein the power of a refrigeration expander is connected with a second generator.
The refrigeration expander is arranged to rotate under the pressure of carbon dioxide to generate mechanical energy, and the second generator connected with the refrigeration expander in a power mode converts part of the mechanical energy into electric energy, so that the part of energy is recovered to conjugate energy for other devices of the system, and the energy consumption input outside the system is reduced.
7. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein the refrigeration pipeline comprises: the refrigerating heat exchange pipeline is communicated with the air storage tank, a throttle valve is arranged on the refrigerating heat exchange pipeline, and the third heat exchanger is arranged between the liquefying pipeline and the refrigerating heat exchange pipeline in a heat exchange manner; and the return pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage tank and is provided with a gas check valve.
The carbon dioxide is subjected to depressurization and temperature reduction treatment by a refrigeration expander, then is split into a refrigeration heat exchange pipeline and a return pipeline, and after the pressure of the carbon dioxide flowing into the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline is further reduced by a throttle valve, the carbon dioxide flows into a liquid storage tank through further liquefaction treatment; the carbon dioxide flowing into the return pipeline is in a gas-liquid mixed state, wherein gaseous carbon dioxide is blocked from flowing back into the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline through the gas check valve, flows together with the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline for subsequent heat exchange, and liquid carbon dioxide directly flows into the liquid storage tank for storage. Thereby further improving the energy storage efficiency of the carbon dioxide liquefaction.
8. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, the energy release pipeline comprises: the first energy release pipeline is communicated between the liquid storage tank and the gasification assembly; the second energy release pipeline is communicated between the gasification assembly and the air storage tank, and the fifth heat exchanger is arranged between the first energy release pipeline and the second energy release pipeline in a heat exchange manner.
The temperature of the carbon dioxide in the first energy release pipeline is increased after the carbon dioxide is gasified and released by the gasification component and the second heat exchanger, and at the moment, the fifth heat exchanger is arranged to perform heat exchange treatment on the low-temperature carbon dioxide in the first energy release pipeline and the high-temperature carbon dioxide in the second energy release pipeline, namely, the carbon dioxide before entering the gasification component and the second heat exchanger is preheated, so that the initial temperature of the carbon dioxide is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency of the subsequent second heat exchanger is improved.
9. The present invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, the liquefaction assembly comprises at least one compressor adapted to be driven by an external force, and the gasification assembly comprises at least one expander.
The compressor is arranged to compress and liquefy the gaseous carbon dioxide, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, the liquid carbon dioxide can be stored at a relatively high temperature, the storage space of the carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced, and the compressed carbon dioxide is further cooled by the first heat exchanger, so that energy storage is performed. The expansion and gasification treatment is carried out on the liquid carbon dioxide by arranging the expansion machine, namely, the second heat exchanger is utilized to heat the carbon dioxide so that the liquid carbon dioxide is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide, in the process of conversion, the carbon dioxide releases energy, the released energy is further converted into the subsequent utilization energy by utilizing the conversion equipment, and the carbon dioxide energy storage and release cycle can be completed.
10. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein a motor is connected with a compressor in a power mode, and an expander is connected with a first generator in a power mode.
The motor supplies energy to the compressor, so that the normal operation of the carbon dioxide compression liquefaction energy storage is ensured; the expansion machine rotates under the pressure of carbon dioxide to generate mechanical energy, and the first generator connected with the expansion machine in a power mode converts the mechanical energy into electric energy, so that the conversion of the gasification energy release of the carbon dioxide into the subsequent energy utilization is completed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a gas storage tank; 2. a liquid storage tank;
3. an energy storage pipeline; 31. a liquefaction line; 32. a refrigeration pipeline; 321. a refrigerating heat exchange pipeline; 322. a throttle valve; 323. a return line; 324. a gas check valve; 33. a refrigeration expander; 34. a flow regulating valve; 35. a second generator;
4. an energy release pipeline; 41. a first energy release pipeline; 42. a second energy release pipeline;
5. a liquefaction assembly; 51. a compressor; 52. a motor;
6. a gasification assembly; 61. an expander; 62. a first generator;
7. a cold storage tank; 8. a heat storage tank; 9. a supercooling line; 10. a superheating pipeline; 11. a first heat exchanger; 12. a second heat exchanger; 13. a third heat exchanger; 14. a fourth heat exchanger; 15. a fifth heat exchanger; 16. and a booster pump.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, as shown in fig. 1. In the prior art, when the carbon dioxide energy storage system converts gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide for energy storage, a large cooling tower or a mechanical ventilation cooling tower and other devices are generally needed to provide a cooling effect for the carbon dioxide liquefaction process, and the cooling tower is a device for reducing the temperature of the system by absorbing heat from the system and discharging the heat into the atmosphere, performing cold-heat exchange after water is in flowing contact with air to generate steam, and evaporating the steam to take away the heat to achieve the principles of evaporation heat dissipation, convection heat transfer, radiation heat transfer and the like. The cooling tower is generally composed of a plurality of large barrel-shaped structures, the structure is huge, the whole carbon dioxide energy storage system is multiple in structure and large in occupied area, and water resources are evaporated, splashed and discharged in the action process of the cooling tower, so that the consumption of the water resources is huge.
For this reason, the self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes: the device comprises a gas storage tank 1, a liquid storage tank 2, an energy storage pipeline 3, an energy release pipeline 4, a liquefaction assembly 5, a gasification assembly 6, a cold storage tank 7, a heat storage tank 8, a supercooling pipeline 9, a first heat exchanger 11 and the like.
The gas storage tank 1 and the liquid storage tank 2 are suitable for respectively storing gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid carbon dioxide.
The energy storage pipeline 3 and the energy release pipeline 4 are respectively communicated with the air storage tank 1 and the liquid storage tank 2.
The liquefaction assembly 5 and the gasification assembly 6 are respectively arranged on the energy storage pipeline 3 and the energy release pipeline 4, the liquefaction assembly 5 is suitable for liquefying carbon dioxide for energy storage, and the gasification assembly 6 is suitable for gasifying carbon dioxide for energy release.
In particular, the liquefaction assembly 5 is arranged in the energy storage pipeline 3 and is suitable for converting gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide, the liquid carbon dioxide can be stored at a relatively high temperature, and the storage space of the carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced, so that energy storage is performed. The gasification assembly 6 is arranged on the energy release pipeline 4 and is suitable for converting liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide, in the process of conversion, the carbon dioxide releases energy, and the released energy is further converted into subsequent utilization energy by utilizing conversion equipment, so that the carbon dioxide energy storage and release cycle can be completed.
The gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide and emits a large amount of heat, and if the heat dissipation treatment is not carried out on the carbon dioxide in time, the storage risk is brought to the fact that the temperature of the finally formed liquid carbon dioxide is too high.
To this end, the self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system further comprises: a cold storage tank 7, a heat storage tank 8, a supercooling pipeline 9, a first heat exchanger 11, and the like.
The cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8 are adapted to store a cold heat exchange medium and a hot heat exchange medium, respectively.
Specifically, the cold heat exchange medium and the hot heat exchange medium are the same heat exchange medium in two temperature states and are used for exchanging heat of carbon dioxide.
And the supercooling pipeline 9 is in sealing communication with the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, and the supercooling pipeline 9 is suitable for guiding cold heat exchange medium.
Specifically, the cold heat exchange medium flows through the entire supercooling line 9, so that the entire supercooling line 9 is in a low temperature state, and when the heat exchange medium is high pressure water, the temperature is 25 ℃.
Further, as the supercooling pipeline 9 is in sealing communication with the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, heat exchange medium flows on the supercooling pipeline 9 between the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8 in a sealing manner, so that evaporation loss, splashing loss and emission loss of the heat exchange medium are avoided.
Further, a booster pump 16 is provided in the supercooling line 9 to guide the cold heat exchange medium.
At least one first heat exchanger 11 is arranged in a heat-exchanging manner between the energy storage line 3 and the supercooling line 9.
Specifically, the first heat exchanger 11 is utilized to liquefy the carbon dioxide in the energy storage pipeline 3 to release a large amount of heat to perform heat exchange with the cold heat exchange medium in the supercooling pipeline 9, so that the heat dissipation treatment is performed on the carbon dioxide, and the storage risk caused by the overhigh temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide is avoided. The temperature of the high-pressure water heat exchange medium after heat exchange is 200 ℃. The carbon dioxide temperature after heat exchange was 45 ℃.
Further, after the temperature of the cold heat exchange medium which finishes heat exchange is raised, the cold heat exchange medium is changed into the heat exchange medium to be stored in the heat storage tank 8, when the energy is released by gasifying the carbon dioxide, the heat exchange medium can be arranged through a pipeline and a heat exchange element and used as a heating unit to heat the carbon dioxide, the liquid carbon dioxide is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide and the gaseous carbon dioxide releases the energy, and after the temperature of the heat exchange medium is lowered, the cold heat exchange medium is changed into the cold heat exchange medium to be continuously stored in the cold storage tank 7, so that the circulation and the utilization of the heat exchange medium are realized.
Further, in this embodiment, the number of the first heat exchangers 11 is not limited, as shown in fig. 1, when two first heat exchangers 11 are provided, the two first heat exchangers 11 are serially connected to the energy storage pipeline 3, and the supercooling pipeline 9 forms two paths to respectively pass through the two first heat exchangers 11, so that heat exchange between a large amount of heat released by liquefying carbon dioxide in the energy storage pipeline 3 and the cold heat exchange medium in the supercooling pipeline 9 is completed through the two first heat exchangers 11. Avoiding damage to the first heat exchanger 11 caused by sudden temperature rise and drop.
According to the self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, the heat storage tank 7, the heat storage tank 8 and the supercooling pipeline 9 are arranged to be matched with the first heat exchanger 11, so that a large amount of heat released in the carbon dioxide gas liquefaction energy storage process is subjected to heat exchange operation, the temperature of carbon dioxide in the liquefaction process is reduced, and the storage risk is avoided. The heat exchange assembly consisting of the cold storage tank 7, the heat storage tank 8, the supercooling pipeline 9 and the first heat exchanger 11 does not occupy excessive space, is simple in structure, and meanwhile, the heat exchange medium is sealed and circulated on the supercooling pipeline 9 between the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8 through the sealing arrangement of the supercooling pipeline 9 and the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, so that evaporation loss, splashing loss and emission loss of the heat exchange medium, namely high-pressure water, are avoided. The defects that in the prior art, equipment such as a large cooling tower is adopted in the carbon dioxide energy storage system to liquefy carbon dioxide, so that the whole system has a large structure and large occupied area and consumes a large amount of water resources are overcome.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as a further limiting embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system further includes: a superheating line 10, a second heat exchanger 12, etc.
And the overheating pipeline 10 is in sealed communication with the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, and the overheating pipeline 10 is suitable for guiding heat exchange media.
Specifically, the heat exchange medium flows through the entire superheating pipe 10 so that the whole of the superheating pipe 10 is in a high temperature state, and when the heat exchange medium is high-pressure water, the temperature is 200 ℃.
Further, as the overheating pipeline 10 is in sealed communication with the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, the heat exchange medium is in sealed communication with the overheating pipeline 10 between the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, so that evaporation loss, splashing loss and emission loss of the heat exchange medium are avoided.
Further, a booster pump 16 is provided in the superheating line 10 to guide the heat exchange medium.
Further, the supercooling pipeline 9 and the superheating pipeline 10 are respectively communicated between the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, so that the cold-hot heat exchange medium can be circulated and utilized between the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8.
At least one second heat exchanger 12 is arranged in a heat-exchanging manner between the energy release line 4 and the superheating line 10.
Specifically, the conversion of liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide requires the absorption of a large amount of heat, the heat exchange medium in the superheating pipeline 10 is subjected to heat exchange by the second heat exchanger 12, and the low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide in the energy release pipeline 4 is subjected to heat exchange, so that the carbon dioxide is gasified and releases energy, and the released energy is further converted into the subsequent utilization energy by the conversion equipment. The temperature of the high-pressure water heat exchange medium after heat exchange is 25 ℃. The temperature of the carbon dioxide after heat exchange is 25-30 ℃.
Further, in this embodiment, the number of the second heat exchangers 12 is not limited, as shown in fig. 1, when two second heat exchangers 12 are provided, the two second heat exchangers 12 are connected in series on the energy release pipeline 4, and the superheating pipeline 10 forms two paths respectively passing through the two second heat exchangers 12, so that heat exchange between the heat exchange medium in the superheating pipeline 10 and the low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide in the energy release pipeline 4 is completed through the two second heat exchangers 12, so that the carbon dioxide is gasified and energy is released.
As a further limiting embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the energy storage line 3 includes: the liquefaction line 31 communicates with the refrigeration line 32.
The liquefaction line 31 is communicated with the liquid storage tank 2.
A refrigeration line 32 communicating with the air tank 1, the refrigeration line 32 being provided with a refrigeration expander 33, the third heat exchanger 13 being provided between the liquefaction line 31 and the refrigeration line 32 in a heat-exchanging manner.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, carbon dioxide is subjected to heat exchange treatment by the first heat exchanger 11 and then is split into a liquefaction pipeline 31 and a refrigeration pipeline 32, the liquefaction pipeline 31 is directly communicated with the liquid storage tank 2, and the carbon dioxide flows into the liquid storage tank 2 after further liquefaction treatment; after the carbon dioxide in the refrigerating pipeline 32 is subjected to refrigeration treatment by the refrigerating expander 33 to form low-temperature carbon dioxide with the temperature of minus 70 ℃, the low-temperature carbon dioxide exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide in the liquefying pipeline 31 by the third heat exchanger 13, so that the carbon dioxide in the liquefying pipeline 31 is thoroughly liquefied, and finally enters the liquid storage tank 2 to finish energy storage.
As a further limiting embodiment, based on the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a fourth heat exchanger 14 is provided between the refrigeration line 32 and the superheating line 10 in a heat exchanging manner.
Specifically, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration pipeline 32 is 15 ℃ after heat exchange by the third heat exchanger 13, the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the overheating pipeline 10 is 60 ℃ after heat exchange by the second heat exchanger 12, and at the moment, a fourth heat exchanger 14 is arranged between the refrigeration pipeline 32 and the overheating pipeline 10, so that the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration pipeline 32 exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the overheating pipeline 10, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration pipeline 32 is increased to enable the carbon dioxide to be further gasified and returned to the air storage tank 1, and meanwhile, the heat exchange medium to be introduced into the cold storage tank 7 is further cooled to enable the temperature to be reduced to 25 ℃ as the initial cold heat exchange medium temperature, so that the heat exchange medium is convenient to recycle again.
As a further limiting embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the flow rate regulating valve 34 is provided in the liquefaction line 31 or the refrigeration line 32.
Specifically, the flow regulating valve 34 is arranged to regulate and control the carbon dioxide flow of the liquefaction pipeline 31 or the refrigeration pipeline 32, so that the carbon dioxide for liquefaction and refrigeration heat exchange is reasonably distributed, and each path of carbon dioxide reaches a proper initial temperature value, so that the carbon dioxide is convenient to recycle again.
As a further limiting embodiment, based on the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the refrigeration expander 33 is power connected to the second generator 35.
Specifically, the refrigeration expander 33 is configured to rotate under the pressure of carbon dioxide to generate mechanical energy, and the second generator 35 connected with the refrigeration expander in a power mode converts the mechanical energy into electric energy, so that the electric energy is recovered to conjugate energy for other devices of the system, and the energy consumption input outside the system is reduced.
As a further limiting embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the refrigeration circuit 32 includes: a refrigeration heat exchange line 321 and a return line 323.
The refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321 is communicated with the air storage tank 1, a throttle valve 322 is arranged on the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321, and the third heat exchanger 13 is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline 31 and the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321 in a heat exchange mode.
The return line 323 is in communication with the liquid tank 2, and a gas check valve 324 is provided in the return line 323.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, carbon dioxide is subjected to pressure reduction and temperature reduction treatment by the refrigeration expander 33, then is split into a refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321 and a return pipeline 323, and after the pressure of the carbon dioxide flowing into the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321 is further reduced by the throttle valve 322, the carbon dioxide flows into the liquid storage tank 2 through further liquefaction treatment; the carbon dioxide flowing into the return line 323 is in a gas-liquid mixed state, wherein the gaseous carbon dioxide is blocked from flowing back into the refrigeration heat exchange line 321 by the gas check valve 324, and flows together with the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration heat exchange line 321 for subsequent heat exchange, and the liquid carbon dioxide directly flows into the liquid storage tank 2 for storage. Thereby further improving the energy storage efficiency of the carbon dioxide liquefaction.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as a further limited embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the energy release line 4 includes: a first energy release line 41 and a second energy release line 42.
A first energy release line 41 is in communication between the reservoir 2 and the vaporization assembly 6.
The second energy release pipeline 42 is communicated between the gasification assembly 6 and the gas storage tank 1, and the fifth heat exchanger 15 is arranged between the first energy release pipeline 41 and the second energy release pipeline 42 in a heat exchange manner.
Specifically, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the first energy release pipeline 41 is increased after the carbon dioxide is gasified by the gasification assembly 6 and the second heat exchanger 12, and at this time, the fifth heat exchanger 15 is arranged to perform heat exchange treatment on the low-temperature carbon dioxide in the first energy release pipeline 41 and the high-temperature carbon dioxide in the second energy release pipeline 42, that is, preheat the carbon dioxide before entering the gasification assembly 6 and the second heat exchanger 12, so as to increase the initial temperature of the carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the heat exchange efficiency of the subsequent second heat exchanger 12.
On the basis of the above embodiments, as a further limiting embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the liquefaction assembly 5 comprises at least one compressor 51 adapted to be driven by an external force, and the gasification assembly 6 comprises at least one expander 61.
Specifically, by providing the compressor 51 to perform compression liquefaction processing on gaseous carbon dioxide, the gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into liquid carbon dioxide, the liquid carbon dioxide can be stored at a relatively high temperature, the storage space of the carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced, and the compressed carbon dioxide is further subjected to cooling processing by the first heat exchanger 11, thereby storing energy. The expansion machine 61 is arranged to expand and gasify the liquid carbon dioxide, namely, the second heat exchanger 12 is used to heat the carbon dioxide to convert the liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide, in the conversion process, the carbon dioxide releases energy, and the conversion equipment is used to further convert the released energy into the subsequent energy, so that the carbon dioxide energy storage and release cycle can be completed.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, when a plurality of compressors 51 and first heat exchangers 11 are disposed on the energy storage pipeline 3, the compressors 51 and the first heat exchangers 11 are staggered, that is, carbon dioxide enters the first compressor 51 to be compressed and heated, is cooled by the first heat exchanger 11, enters the second compressor 51 to be compressed and heated, is cooled by the second first heat exchanger 11, and is compressed and liquefied by the multistage compressors 51 and the first heat exchangers 11, so that complete liquefaction of carbon dioxide is ensured, and damage to the first heat exchangers 11 due to sudden temperature rise and drop is avoided. The expander 61 and the second heat exchanger 12 on the energy release line 4 are arranged in the same way.
As a further limiting embodiment, in addition to the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the motor 52 is power-connected to the compressor 51, and the expander 61 is power-connected to the first generator 62.
Specifically, the motor 52 powers the compressor to ensure that the carbon dioxide compression liquefaction energy storage operates properly; the expander 61 rotates under the pressure of carbon dioxide to generate mechanical energy, and the first generator 62 connected with the expander in a power mode converts the mechanical energy into electric energy, so that the conversion of the gasified energy release of the carbon dioxide into the subsequent energy utilization is completed.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system comprising:
a gas storage tank (1) and a liquid storage tank (2) which are suitable for respectively storing gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid carbon dioxide;
the energy storage pipeline (3) and the energy release pipeline (4) are respectively communicated with the air storage tank (1) and the liquid storage tank (2);
the liquefying component (5) and the gasifying component (6) are respectively arranged on the energy storage pipeline (3) and the energy release pipeline (4), the liquefying component (5) is suitable for liquefying carbon dioxide for energy storage, and the gasifying component (6) is suitable for gasifying carbon dioxide for energy release;
characterized by further comprising:
a cold storage tank (7) and a heat storage tank (8) adapted to store a cold heat exchange medium and a hot heat exchange medium, respectively;
-a supercooling line (9) in sealed communication with the cold storage tank (7) and the heat storage tank (8), the supercooling line (9) being adapted to guide the cold heat exchange medium;
at least one first heat exchanger (11) arranged in a heat-exchanging manner between the energy storage line (3) and the supercooling line (9);
-a superheating line (10) in sealed communication with the cold storage tank (7) and the heat storage tank (8), the superheating line (10) being adapted to guide the heat exchange medium;
at least one second heat exchanger (12) arranged in a heat-exchanging manner between the energy release line (4) and the superheating line (10);
the energy storage pipeline (3) comprises:
a liquefaction pipeline (31) communicated with the liquid storage tank (2);
a refrigeration pipeline (32) communicated with the air storage tank (1), wherein the refrigeration pipeline (32) is provided with a refrigeration expander (33), and a third heat exchanger (13) is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline (31) and the refrigeration pipeline (32) in a heat exchange manner;
the refrigeration circuit (32) comprises:
the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline (321) is communicated with the air storage tank (1), a throttle valve (322) is arranged on the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline (321), and the third heat exchanger (13) is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline (31) and the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline (321) in a heat exchange mode;
and the return pipeline (323) is communicated with the liquid storage tank (2), and a gas check valve (324) is arranged on the return pipeline (323).
2. Self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that a fourth heat exchanger (14) is arranged in heat exchange relationship between the refrigeration line (32) and the superheating line (10).
3. Self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a flow regulating valve (34) is arranged on the liquefaction line (31) or the refrigeration line (32).
4. Self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the refrigeration expander (33) is in power connection with a second generator (35).
5. Self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy release line (4) comprises:
a first energy release pipeline (41) communicated between the liquid storage tank (2) and the gasification assembly (6);
the second energy release pipeline (42) is communicated between the gasification assembly (6) and the gas storage tank (1), and the fifth heat exchanger (15) is arranged between the first energy release pipeline (41) and the second energy release pipeline (42) in a heat exchange mode.
6. Self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquefaction assembly (5) comprises at least one compressor (51) adapted to be driven by an external force, and the gasification assembly (6) comprises at least one expander (61).
7. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 6, wherein an electric motor (52) is in power connection with the compressor (51), and the expander (61) is in power connection with a first generator (62).
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