CN115111878A - Self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system - Google Patents
Self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115111878A CN115111878A CN202210715640.5A CN202210715640A CN115111878A CN 115111878 A CN115111878 A CN 115111878A CN 202210715640 A CN202210715640 A CN 202210715640A CN 115111878 A CN115111878 A CN 115111878A
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 388
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, which comprises: a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank adapted to store a cold heat exchange medium and a heat exchange medium, respectively; the supercooling pipeline is communicated with the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank in a sealing way and is suitable for guiding the cold heat exchange medium; at least one first heat exchanger disposed between the charge line and the subcooling line. Carry out the heat transfer through a large amount of heats of first heat exchanger release in to carbon dioxide compression process, reduce the temperature of liquefaction in-process carbon dioxide, the energy storage pipeline includes: the liquefaction pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage tank; and the refrigerating pipeline is communicated with the gas storage tank, and the third heat exchanger is arranged between the liquefying pipeline and the refrigerating pipeline. Through the third heat exchanger, the refrigeration pipeline exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide in the liquefaction pipeline for the carbon dioxide in the liquefaction pipeline is thoroughly liquefied, and the system does not need to occupy too large space and has a simple structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide energy storage, in particular to a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system.
Background
For a large-scale energy storage system, the traditional physical energy storage modes such as pumped storage, compressed gas energy storage and the like are the most widely applied energy storage technologies at present, but pumped storage and compressed air energy storage have high requirements on geographical site selection, and have certain limitations in popularization and application. The carbon dioxide energy storage system is an energy storage system with development potential, and from the physical property, the carbon dioxide has the advantages of good environmental performance, excellent thermal property, high air flow density, good thermal conductivity, low liquid viscosity, low critical parameter and the like, so that the liquid carbon dioxide can be stored at relatively high temperature, the storage space of the carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced, and the carbon dioxide energy storage system is convenient to arrange and popularize.
However, when the carbon dioxide energy storage system in the prior art converts gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide for energy storage, a large cooling tower or a mechanical ventilation cooling tower and other equipment are generally needed to provide a cooling function for the carbon dioxide liquefaction process, the cooling tower absorbs heat from the system and discharges the heat to the atmosphere, heat exchange is performed after water flows and contacts with air to generate steam, and the steam volatilizes and takes away the heat to achieve the principles of evaporation heat dissipation, convection heat transfer, radiation heat transfer and the like to reduce the temperature of the system. The cooling tower is usually composed of a plurality of large barrel-shaped structures, the structure is huge, the whole carbon dioxide energy storage system is large in structure and large in occupied area, evaporation loss, splashing loss and emission loss of water resources exist in the action process of the cooling tower, and the consumption of the water resources is very huge.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects that in the prior art, a carbon dioxide energy storage system adopts large-scale cooling towers and other equipment to liquefy carbon dioxide, so that the whole system is various in structure, large in occupied area and large in water resource consumption are overcome.
To this end, the invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system comprising:
the gas storage tank and the liquid storage tank are suitable for respectively storing gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid carbon dioxide;
the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline are respectively communicated with the gas storage tank and the liquid storage tank;
the liquefaction assembly and the gasification assembly are respectively arranged on the energy storage pipeline and the energy release pipeline, the liquefaction assembly is suitable for liquefying carbon dioxide for storing energy, and the gasification assembly is suitable for gasifying carbon dioxide to release energy;
further comprising:
a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank adapted to store a cold heat exchange medium and a heat exchange medium, respectively;
the supercooling pipeline is hermetically communicated with the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank and is suitable for guiding the cold heat exchange medium;
at least one first heat exchanger is disposed in heat exchange relationship between the charge line and the subcooling line.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the heat storage tank is communicated with the heat storage tank in a sealing mode, and the heat storage tank is communicated with the heat exchange pipeline in a sealing mode;
at least one second heat exchanger heat-exchangeable arranged between the energy release pipeline and the overheating pipeline.
Optionally, the energy storage line comprises:
the liquefaction pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage tank;
and the refrigeration pipeline is communicated with the gas storage tank, the refrigeration pipeline is provided with a refrigeration expansion machine, and a third heat exchanger is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline and the refrigeration pipeline in a heat exchange manner.
Optionally, a fourth heat exchanger is disposed in heat exchange relationship between the refrigeration circuit and the superheat circuit.
Optionally, a flow regulating valve is arranged on the liquefaction pipeline or the refrigeration pipeline.
Optionally, the refrigeration expander is in power connection with a second generator.
Optionally, the refrigeration circuit comprises:
the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline is communicated with the gas storage tank, a throttling valve is arranged on the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline, and the third heat exchanger is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline and the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline in a heat exchange manner;
and the return pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage tank and is provided with a gas check valve.
Optionally, the energy release line comprises:
the first energy release pipeline is communicated between the liquid storage tank and the gasification assembly;
and the fifth heat exchanger is arranged between the first energy releasing pipeline and the second energy releasing pipeline in a heat exchange manner.
Optionally, the liquefaction assembly comprises at least one compressor adapted to be driven by an external force, and the gasification assembly comprises at least one expander.
Optionally, an electric motor is in power connection with the compressor and the expander is in power connection with the first generator.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, which comprises: a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank adapted to store a cold heat exchange medium and a hot heat exchange medium, respectively; the supercooling pipeline is hermetically communicated with the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank and is suitable for guiding the cold heat exchange medium; at least one first heat exchanger is disposed in heat exchange relationship between the charge line and the subcooling line.
According to the self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the invention, the cold storage tank, the heat storage tank and the supercooling pipeline are arranged to be matched with the first heat exchanger, so that heat exchange operation is carried out on a large amount of heat released in the carbon dioxide gas liquefaction energy storage process, the temperature of carbon dioxide in the liquefaction process is reduced, and the storage risk is avoided. The heat exchange assembly formed by the cold storage tank, the heat storage tank, the supercooling pipeline and the first heat exchanger does not need to occupy too large space, is simple in structure, and simultaneously seals and circulates heat exchange media on the supercooling pipeline between the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank through the supercooling pipeline and the sealing arrangement of the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank, so that the evaporation loss, the splashing loss and the discharge loss of the heat exchange media, namely high-pressure water, are avoided. The defects that in the prior art, a carbon dioxide energy storage system adopts large-scale cooling towers and other equipment to liquefy carbon dioxide, so that the whole system is various in structure, large in occupied area and large in water resource consumption are overcome.
2. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, which further comprises: the heat storage tank is communicated with the heat storage tank in a sealing mode, and the heat storage tank is communicated with the heat exchange pipeline in a sealing mode; at least one second heat exchanger is arranged between the energy release pipeline and the overheating pipeline in a heat exchange mode.
The liquid carbon dioxide is converted into the gaseous carbon dioxide, a large amount of heat needs to be absorbed, the heat exchange of the heat exchange medium in the overheating pipeline and the heat exchange of the low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide in the energy release pipeline are carried out by the second heat exchanger, so that the carbon dioxide is gasified and releases energy, and the released energy is further converted into subsequent utilization energy by the conversion equipment.
3. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein an energy storage pipeline comprises: the liquefaction pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage tank; and the refrigeration pipeline is communicated with the gas storage tank, the refrigeration pipeline is provided with a refrigeration expansion machine, and a third heat exchanger is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline and the refrigeration pipeline in a heat exchange manner.
Carbon dioxide is subjected to heat exchange treatment by the first heat exchanger and then is shunted to enter a liquefaction pipeline and a refrigeration pipeline, the liquefaction pipeline is directly communicated with the liquid storage tank, and the carbon dioxide flows into the liquid storage tank after further liquefaction treatment; after the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration pipeline is subjected to refrigeration treatment by the refrigeration expander to form low-temperature carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide in the liquefaction pipeline through the third heat exchanger, so that the carbon dioxide in the liquefaction pipeline is completely liquefied, and finally enters the liquid storage tank to finish energy storage.
4. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein a fourth heat exchanger is arranged between a refrigeration pipeline and a superheating pipeline in a heat exchange manner.
The fourth heat exchanger is arranged between the refrigerating pipeline and the overheating pipeline, so that heat exchange is carried out between carbon dioxide in the refrigerating pipeline and a heat exchange medium in the overheating pipeline, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the refrigerating pipeline is raised to enable the carbon dioxide to be further gasified and return to the gas storage tank, meanwhile, the heat exchange medium which is about to enter the cold storage tank is further cooled, and the heat exchange medium is convenient to circulate again.
5. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein a flow regulating valve is arranged on a liquefaction pipeline or a refrigeration pipeline.
The flow regulating valve is arranged to regulate and control the flow of the carbon dioxide of the liquefaction pipeline or the refrigeration pipeline, so that the carbon dioxide for liquefaction and refrigeration heat exchange is reasonably distributed, each path of carbon dioxide reaches a proper initial temperature value, and the carbon dioxide is convenient to circulate again.
6. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein a refrigeration expander is in power connection with a second generator.
The refrigeration expansion machine is arranged to rotate under the pressure action of carbon dioxide to generate mechanical energy, and the second generator in power connection with the refrigeration expansion machine converts the mechanical energy into electric energy, so that the energy is recycled to be used as conjugate energy of other devices of the system, and the energy consumption of external input of the system is reduced.
7. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein a refrigeration pipeline comprises: the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline is communicated with the gas storage tank, a throttling valve is arranged on the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline, and the third heat exchanger is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline and the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline in a heat exchange manner; and the return pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage tank and is provided with a gas check valve.
The carbon dioxide is subjected to pressure reduction and temperature reduction treatment by the refrigeration expander and then shunted to enter the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline and the return pipeline, and the carbon dioxide flowing into the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline is subjected to further pressure reduction by the throttle valve and then flows into the liquid storage tank after further liquefaction treatment; the carbon dioxide flowing into the return pipeline is in a gas-liquid mixed state, wherein the gaseous carbon dioxide is prevented from flowing back into the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline through the gas check valve and flows together with the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline for subsequent heat exchange, and the liquid carbon dioxide directly flows into the liquid storage tank for storage. Thereby further improving the energy storage efficiency of carbon dioxide liquefaction.
8. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein the energy release pipeline comprises: the first energy release pipeline is communicated between the liquid storage tank and the gasification assembly; and the fifth heat exchanger is arranged between the first energy releasing pipeline and the second energy releasing pipeline in a heat exchange manner.
The temperature of the carbon dioxide in the first energy release pipeline rises after the gasification of the gasification assembly and the second heat exchanger and the energy release treatment, at the moment, the heat exchange treatment is carried out on the low-temperature carbon dioxide in the first energy release pipeline and the high-temperature carbon dioxide in the second energy release pipeline by arranging the fifth heat exchanger, namely the carbon dioxide before entering the gasification assembly and the second heat exchanger is preheated, so that the initial temperature of the carbon dioxide is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency of the subsequent second heat exchanger is improved.
9. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein the liquefaction assembly comprises at least one compressor which is suitable for being driven by external force, and the gasification assembly comprises at least one expander.
Compress the liquefaction through setting up the compressor to gaseous carbon dioxide and handle, turn into liquid carbon dioxide with gaseous carbon dioxide, liquid carbon dioxide can be stored under relatively higher temperature, can reduce carbon dioxide's storage space by a wide margin to further utilize first heat exchanger to carry out cooling treatment to the carbon dioxide after the compression, thereby carry out the energy storage. The liquid carbon dioxide is subjected to expansion gasification treatment by arranging the expansion machine, namely the liquid carbon dioxide is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide by heating the carbon dioxide by using the second heat exchanger, in the process of conversion, the carbon dioxide releases energy, and the released energy is further converted into subsequent utilization energy by using conversion equipment, so that the carbon dioxide energy storage and release circulation can be completed.
10. The invention provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, wherein a motor is in power connection with a compressor, and an expander is in power connection with a first generator.
The motor supplies energy to the compressor, so that normal operation of the carbon dioxide compression liquefaction energy storage is ensured; the expander rotates under the pressure of the carbon dioxide to generate mechanical energy, and the first generator in power connection with the expander converts the mechanical energy into electric energy, so that the conversion of carbon dioxide gasification energy release to subsequent energy utilization is completed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a gas storage tank; 2. a liquid storage tank;
3. an energy storage pipeline; 31. a liquefaction line; 32. a refrigeration circuit; 321. a refrigeration heat exchange pipeline; 322. a throttle valve; 323. a return line; 324. a gas check valve; 33. a refrigeration expander; 34. a flow regulating valve; 35. a second generator;
4. an energy release pipeline; 41. a first energy release pipeline; 42. a second energy release pipeline;
5. a liquefaction assembly; 51. a compressor; 52. an electric motor;
6. a gasification assembly; 61. an expander; 62. a first generator;
7. a cold storage tank; 8. a heat storage tank; 9. a subcooling line; 10. a superheating pipeline; 11. a first heat exchanger; 12. a second heat exchanger; 13. a third heat exchanger; 14. a fourth heat exchanger; 15. a fifth heat exchanger; 16. a booster pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system, as shown in fig. 1. When a carbon dioxide energy storage system in the prior art converts gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide for energy storage, equipment such as a large cooling tower or a mechanical ventilation cooling tower is generally required to be utilized to provide a cooling effect for the carbon dioxide liquefaction process, the cooling tower absorbs heat from the system and discharges the heat to the atmosphere, cold and heat exchange is carried out to generate steam after water and air flow contact, and the steam volatilizes and takes away the heat to achieve the purposes of evaporating heat dissipation, convective heat transfer, radiation heat transfer and other principles to reduce the temperature of the system. The cooling tower is usually composed of a plurality of large barrel-shaped structures, the structure is huge, the whole carbon dioxide energy storage system is large in structure and large in occupied area, evaporation loss, splashing loss and emission loss of water resources exist in the action process of the cooling tower, and the consumption of the water resources is very huge.
To this end, the self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system provided by this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes: the system comprises a gas storage tank 1, a liquid storage tank 2, an energy storage pipeline 3, an energy release pipeline 4, a liquefaction assembly 5, a gasification assembly 6, a cold storage tank 7, a heat storage tank 8, a supercooling pipeline 9, a first heat exchanger 11 and the like.
The gas storage tank 1 and the liquid storage tank 2 are suitable for storing gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid carbon dioxide respectively.
The energy storage pipeline 3 and the energy release pipeline 4 are respectively communicated with the gas storage tank 1 and the liquid storage tank 2.
The liquefaction assembly 5 and the gasification assembly 6 are respectively arranged on the energy storage pipeline 3 and the energy release pipeline 4, the liquefaction assembly 5 is suitable for storing energy of liquefied carbon dioxide, and the gasification assembly 6 is suitable for gasifying the carbon dioxide to release energy.
Specifically, liquefaction subassembly 5 sets up and is suitable for gaseous carbon dioxide to turn into liquid carbon dioxide at energy storage pipeline 3, and liquid carbon dioxide can be stored under relatively higher temperature, can reduce the storage space of carbon dioxide by a wide margin to carry out the energy storage. The gasification assembly 6 is arranged on the energy release pipeline 4 and is suitable for converting liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide, in the process of conversion, the carbon dioxide releases energy, and the energy released is further converted into subsequent utilization energy by utilizing conversion equipment, so that the carbon dioxide energy storage and release cycle can be completed.
Gaseous carbon dioxide turns into liquid carbon dioxide and can emit a large amount of heats, if not in time carry out the heat dissipation to carbon dioxide and handle, can make the too high storage risk that brings of liquid carbon dioxide temperature of final formation.
To this end, the self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system further comprises: a cold storage tank 7, a heat storage tank 8, a supercooling pipeline 9, a first heat exchanger 11 and the like.
And the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8 are adapted to store a cold heat exchange medium and a hot heat exchange medium, respectively.
Specifically, the cold heat exchange medium and the hot heat exchange medium are the same heat exchange medium in two temperature states and are used for exchanging heat with carbon dioxide.
And the supercooling pipeline 9 is used for hermetically communicating the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, and the supercooling pipeline 9 is suitable for guiding cold heat exchange media.
Specifically, the cold heat transfer medium flows through the entire supercooling line 9, so that the supercooling line 9 is entirely in a low temperature state, and when the heat transfer medium is high-pressure water, the temperature is 25 ℃.
Further, as the supercooling pipeline 9 is communicated with the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8 in a sealing manner, the heat exchange medium is sealed and circulated on the supercooling pipeline 9 between the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, so that the evaporation loss, the splashing loss and the discharge loss of the heat exchange medium are avoided.
Further, a booster pump 16 is provided in the supercooling line 9 to guide the cold heat transfer medium.
At least one first heat exchanger 11 is arranged in a heat-exchanging manner between the energy storage line 3 and the supercooling line 9.
Specifically, the first heat exchanger 11 is utilized to liquefy the carbon dioxide in the energy storage pipeline 3 to emit a large amount of heat to exchange heat with the cold heat exchange medium in the supercooling pipeline 9, so that the heat dissipation treatment is carried out on the carbon dioxide, and the storage risk caused by the overhigh temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide is avoided. The temperature of the high-pressure water heat exchange medium after heat exchange is 200 ℃. The temperature of the carbon dioxide after heat exchange was 45 ℃.
Further, the cold heat exchange medium after finishing heat exchange heats up becomes hot heat exchange medium and stores in heat storage tank 8, and when carbon dioxide gasifies the release energy, hot heat exchange medium can pass through pipeline and heat exchange element setting, carries out the heating process for carbon dioxide as the heating unit, turns into gaseous carbon dioxide with liquid carbon dioxide and releases the energy, becomes cold heat exchange medium after the heat exchange medium cooling and continues to store in cold storage tank 7 to realize heat exchange medium circulation and utilize.
Further, the number of the first heat exchangers 11 is not limited in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, when there are two first heat exchangers 11, the two first heat exchangers 11 are arranged in series on the energy storage pipeline 3, and the supercooling pipeline 9 forms two paths which respectively pass through the two first heat exchangers 11, so that the heat exchange between a large amount of heat released by the liquefaction of the carbon dioxide in the energy storage pipeline 3 and the cold heat transfer medium in the supercooling pipeline 9 is completed through the two first heat exchangers 11. Damage to the first heat exchanger 11 due to sudden temperature increases and decreases is avoided.
The self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system that this embodiment provided, through setting up cold storage tank 7, heat storage tank 8, the first heat exchanger 11 of supercooling pipeline 9 cooperation, carry out the heat transfer operation to a large amount of heats of carbon dioxide gas liquefaction energy storage in-process release, reduce the temperature of liquefaction in-process carbon dioxide, avoid bringing the storage risk. The heat exchange assembly composed of the cold storage tank 7, the heat storage tank 8, the supercooling pipeline 9 and the first heat exchanger 11 does not occupy too large space, and is simple in structure, and meanwhile, the heat exchange assembly is sealed by the supercooling pipeline 9, the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, so that heat exchange media are sealed on the supercooling pipeline 9 between the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8 to circulate, evaporation loss, splashing loss and discharge loss of the heat exchange media, namely high-pressure water are avoided. The defects that in the prior art, a carbon dioxide energy storage system adopts equipment such as a large cooling tower to liquefy carbon dioxide, so that the whole system has a large structure, occupies a large area and consumes a large amount of water resources are overcome.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as a further limited embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system further includes: a superheating circuit 10, a second heat exchanger 12, etc.
And the overheating pipeline 10 is hermetically communicated with the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, and the overheating pipeline 10 is suitable for guiding heat exchange media.
Specifically, the heat exchange medium flows through the entire superheater circuit 10, so that the superheater circuit 10 is entirely in a high temperature state, and when the heat exchange medium is high-pressure water, the temperature is 200 ℃.
Further, since the superheating pipeline 10 is hermetically communicated with the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, the heat exchange medium is hermetically circulated on the superheating pipeline 10 between the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, so that the evaporation loss, the splashing loss and the discharge loss of the heat exchange medium are avoided.
Further, a booster pump 16 is provided in the superheater line 10 to guide the heat exchange medium.
Further, the supercooling pipeline 9 and the superheating pipeline 10 are respectively communicated between the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8, so that the cold and heat exchange media can be circulated and utilized between the cold storage tank 7 and the heat storage tank 8.
At least one second heat exchanger 12 is arranged in heat exchange relationship between the energy release line 4 and the superheating line 10.
Specifically, a large amount of heat needs to be absorbed when the liquid carbon dioxide is converted into the gaseous carbon dioxide, the second heat exchanger 12 is used for exchanging heat between the heat exchange medium in the superheating pipeline 10 and the low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide in the energy release pipeline 4, so that the carbon dioxide is gasified and releases energy, and the conversion equipment is used for further converting the released energy into subsequent utilization energy. The temperature of the high-pressure water heat exchange medium after heat exchange is 25 ℃. The temperature of the carbon dioxide after heat exchange is 25-30 ℃.
Further, the number of the second heat exchangers 12 is not limited in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, when there are two second heat exchangers 12, two second heat exchangers 12 are arranged in series on the energy release pipeline 4, and the superheating pipeline 10 forms two circuits respectively passing through the two second heat exchangers 12, so that the heat exchange between the heat exchange medium in the superheating pipeline 10 and the low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide in the energy release pipeline 4 is completed through the two second heat exchangers 12, so that the carbon dioxide is gasified and the energy is released.
In addition to the above-described embodiments, as a further limited embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the energy storage line 3 includes: the liquefaction line 31 and the refrigeration line 32 are in communication.
A liquefaction pipeline 31 communicated with the liquid storage tank 2.
And a refrigeration line 32 communicating with the gas tank 1, the refrigeration line 32 being provided with a refrigeration expander 33, and the third heat exchanger 13 being disposed in heat exchange relationship between the liquefaction line 31 and the refrigeration line 32.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the carbon dioxide is subjected to heat exchange treatment by the first heat exchanger 11 and then shunted to enter the liquefaction pipeline 31 and the refrigeration pipeline 32, the liquefaction pipeline 31 is directly communicated with the liquid storage tank 2, and the carbon dioxide is further subjected to liquefaction treatment and then flows into the liquid storage tank 2; after the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration pipeline 32 is subjected to refrigeration treatment by the refrigeration expander 33 to form low-temperature carbon dioxide with the temperature of 70 ℃ below zero, the carbon dioxide exchanges heat with the carbon dioxide in the liquefaction pipeline 31 through the third heat exchanger 13, so that the carbon dioxide in the liquefaction pipeline 31 is completely liquefied, and finally enters the liquid storage tank 2 to finish energy storage.
In addition to the above embodiments, as a further limited embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the fourth heat exchanger 14 is provided so as to be heat-exchangeable between the refrigeration line 32 and the superheat line 10.
Specifically, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration pipeline 32 after heat exchange by the third heat exchanger 13 is 15 ℃, the temperature of the second heat exchanger 12 of the heat exchange medium in the superheating pipeline 10 after heat exchange is 60 ℃, at this time, the fourth heat exchanger 14 is arranged between the refrigeration pipeline 32 and the superheating pipeline 10, the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration pipeline 32 exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the superheating pipeline 10, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration pipeline 32 is increased to further gasify the carbon dioxide back into the gas storage tank 1, and meanwhile, the temperature of the heat exchange medium which is about to enter the cold storage tank 7 is further reduced to 25 ℃ which is the initial temperature of the cold exchange medium, so that the heat exchange medium is convenient to circulate again.
As a further limited embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a flow rate adjustment valve 34 is provided in the liquefaction line 31 or the refrigeration line 32 in addition to the above-described embodiments.
Specifically, the flow regulating valve 34 is arranged to regulate the flow of the carbon dioxide in the liquefaction pipeline 31 or the refrigeration pipeline 32, so that the carbon dioxide for liquefaction and refrigeration heat exchange is reasonably distributed, each path of carbon dioxide reaches a proper initial temperature value, and the carbon dioxide is convenient to circulate again.
In addition to the above embodiments, as a further limited embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the refrigeration expander 33 is power-connected to the second generator 35.
Specifically, the refrigeration expansion machine 33 is set to rotate under the pressure of carbon dioxide to generate mechanical energy, and the second generator 35 in power connection with the refrigeration expansion machine converts the mechanical energy into electric energy, so that the energy is recovered to be conjugated energy for other devices of the system, and the energy consumption of external input of the system is reduced.
In addition to the above-described embodiments, as a further limited embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the refrigeration circuit 32 includes: a refrigeration heat exchange line 321 and a return line 323.
And a refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321 communicated with the gas storage tank 1, wherein a throttle valve 322 is arranged on the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321, and a third heat exchanger 13 is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline 31 and the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321 in a heat exchange manner.
And a return line 323 communicating with the liquid storage tank 2, the return line 323 being provided with a gas check valve 324.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the carbon dioxide is subjected to pressure reduction and temperature reduction processing by the refrigeration expander 33, and then is distributed to enter the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321 and the return pipeline 323, and the carbon dioxide flowing into the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321 is subjected to further pressure reduction by the throttle valve 322, and then flows into the liquid storage tank 2 after further liquefaction processing; the carbon dioxide flowing into the return pipeline 323 is in a gas-liquid mixed state, wherein the gaseous carbon dioxide is blocked by the gas check valve 324 from flowing back into the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321, and flows together with the carbon dioxide in the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline 321 for subsequent heat exchange, and the liquid carbon dioxide directly flows into the liquid storage tank 2 for storage. Thereby further improving the energy storage efficiency of carbon dioxide liquefaction.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as a further limited embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the energy release line 4 includes: a first relief line 41 and a second relief line 42.
A first energy release line 41 communicating between the reservoir 2 and the vaporization assembly 6.
And the second energy release pipeline 42 is communicated between the gasification assembly 6 and the air storage tank 1, and the fifth heat exchanger 15 is arranged between the first energy release pipeline 41 and the second energy release pipeline 42 in a heat exchange manner.
Specifically, the temperature of the carbon dioxide in the first energy release pipeline 41 is increased after the gasification energy release treatment by the gasification assembly 6 and the second heat exchanger 12, and at this time, the fifth heat exchanger 15 is arranged to perform heat exchange treatment on the low-temperature carbon dioxide in the first energy release pipeline 41 and the high-temperature carbon dioxide in the second energy release pipeline 42, that is, the carbon dioxide before entering the gasification assembly 6 and the second heat exchanger 12 is preheated, so that the initial temperature of the carbon dioxide is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency of the subsequent second heat exchanger 12 is increased.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as a further limited embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the liquefaction assembly 5 comprises at least one compressor 51 adapted to be driven by an external force, and the gasification assembly 6 comprises at least one expander 61.
Specifically, compress the liquefaction through setting up compressor 51 to gaseous carbon dioxide and handle, turn into liquid carbon dioxide with gaseous carbon dioxide, liquid carbon dioxide can be stored under relatively higher temperature, can reduce the storage space of carbon dioxide by a wide margin to further utilize first heat exchanger 11 to carry out cooling treatment to the carbon dioxide after the compression, thereby carry out the energy storage. The liquid carbon dioxide is subjected to expansion gasification treatment by arranging the expansion machine 61, namely the liquid carbon dioxide is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide by heating the carbon dioxide by using the second heat exchanger 12, in the conversion process, the carbon dioxide releases energy, and the released energy is further converted into subsequent utilized energy by using conversion equipment, so that the carbon dioxide energy storage and release cycle can be completed.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, when a plurality of compressors 51 and first heat exchangers 11 are disposed on the energy storage pipeline 3, the compressors 51 and the first heat exchangers 11 are disposed in a staggered manner, that is, carbon dioxide enters the first compressor 51 first to be compressed and heated, is cooled by the first heat exchanger 11, enters the second compressor 51 to be compressed and heated, is cooled by the second first heat exchanger 11, and is compressed and liquefied by the multistage compressors 51 and the first heat exchangers 11 in this way, so that complete liquefaction of carbon dioxide is ensured, and damage to the first heat exchangers 11 due to sudden temperature rise and drop is avoided. The expander 61 and the second heat exchanger 12 on the energy release line 4 are arranged in a similar manner.
In addition to the above embodiments, as a further limited embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the electric motor 52 is power-connected to the compressor 51, and the expander 61 is power-connected to the first generator 62.
Specifically, the electric motor 52 powers the compressor, thereby ensuring normal operation of the carbon dioxide compressed liquefied stored energy; the expander 61 rotates under the pressure of the carbon dioxide to generate mechanical energy, and the first generator 62 which is in power connection with the expander converts the mechanical energy into electric energy, so that the conversion of the carbon dioxide gasification energy release to the subsequent energy utilization is completed.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system comprising:
the gas storage tank (1) and the liquid storage tank (2) are suitable for respectively storing gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid carbon dioxide;
the energy storage pipeline (3) and the energy release pipeline (4) are respectively communicated with the gas storage tank (1) and the liquid storage tank (2);
the liquefaction assembly (5) and the gasification assembly (6) are respectively arranged on the energy storage pipeline (3) and the energy release pipeline (4), the liquefaction assembly (5) is suitable for liquefying carbon dioxide to store energy, and the gasification assembly (6) is suitable for gasifying carbon dioxide to release energy;
it is characterized by also comprising:
a cold storage tank (7) and a heat storage tank (8) adapted to store a cold heat exchange medium and a hot heat exchange medium, respectively;
the supercooling pipeline (9) is in sealing communication with the cold storage tank (7) and the heat storage tank (8), and the supercooling pipeline (9) is suitable for guiding the cold heat exchange medium;
at least one first heat exchanger (11) arranged in a heat-exchanging manner between the energy storage line (3) and the supercooling line (9).
2. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system as defined in claim 1, further comprising:
a superheating circuit (10) in sealed communication with the heat storage tank (7) and the heat storage tank (8), the superheating circuit (10) being adapted to conduct the thermal heat transfer medium;
at least one second heat exchanger (12) arranged in a heat-exchanging manner between the energy release line (4) and the superheating line (10).
3. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that said energy storage line (3) comprises:
a liquefaction pipeline (31) communicated with the liquid storage tank (2);
a refrigeration pipeline (32) communicated with the gas storage tank (1), wherein the refrigeration pipeline (32) is provided with a refrigeration expansion machine (33), and a third heat exchanger (13) is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline (31) and the refrigeration pipeline (32) in a heat exchange manner.
4. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that a fourth heat exchanger (14) is heat-exchangeable arranged between said refrigeration circuit (32) and said superheating circuit (10).
5. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a flow regulating valve (34) is provided on said liquefaction line (31) or on said refrigeration line (32).
6. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein said refrigeration expander (33) is in power connection with a second electrical generator (35).
7. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein said refrigeration circuit (32) comprises:
the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline (321) is communicated with the air storage tank (1), a throttle valve (322) is arranged on the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline (321), and the third heat exchanger (13) is arranged between the liquefaction pipeline (31) and the refrigeration heat exchange pipeline (321) in a heat exchange manner;
and the return pipeline (323) is communicated with the liquid storage tank (2), and a gas check valve (324) is arranged on the return pipeline (323).
8. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that said energy release line (4) comprises:
a first energy release pipeline (41) communicated between the liquid storage tank (2) and the gasification assembly (6);
a second energy release pipeline (42) communicated between the gasification assembly (6) and the gas storage tank (1), and a fifth heat exchanger (15) arranged between the first energy release pipeline (41) and the second energy release pipeline (42) in a heat exchange manner.
9. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that said liquefaction assembly (5) comprises at least one compressor (51) adapted to be driven by an external force, and said gasification assembly (6) comprises at least one expander (61).
10. A self-cooling carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that an electric motor (52) is power connected to said compressor (51) and said expander (61) is power connected to a first generator (62).
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