CN112112693A - Liquid air energy storage system adopting electric heat storage - Google Patents
Liquid air energy storage system adopting electric heat storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN112112693A CN112112693A CN202011120983.4A CN202011120983A CN112112693A CN 112112693 A CN112112693 A CN 112112693A CN 202011120983 A CN202011120983 A CN 202011120983A CN 112112693 A CN112112693 A CN 112112693A
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
- F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
- F24H7/04—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid
- F24H7/0408—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
- F24H7/0416—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a liquid air energy storage system adopting electric heat storage, which comprises: the system comprises a liquid air energy storage unit and an electric heat storage unit; the liquid air energy storage unit comprises an energy storage passage and an energy release passage; the electric heat storage unit comprises a heat energy loop; the energy storage passage compresses air into liquid air by utilizing valley electricity to realize energy storage; wherein, the heat energy loop and the energy release passage are coupled for heat exchange. The embodiment of the invention provides a liquid air energy storage system adopting electric heat storage, which is characterized in that an electric heater is driven to heat a heat storage medium during energy storage by combining an electric heating technology, electric energy is stored in a high-temperature heat energy form, and compressed air is heated by the heat storage medium during energy release, so that the power generation power is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy sources, in particular to a liquid air energy storage system adopting electric heat storage.
Background
With the sudden and violent advancement of global industrialization, the load of a power grid periodically changes in daytime peak and late night valley, the load peak-valley difference can reach 30% -40% of the maximum power generation output, and the existence of the peak-valley difference causes certain difficulties in power generation and power dispatching. Meanwhile, in order to meet the maximum load requirement of the power grid, the construction cost of the power grid is greatly increased, and the utilization rate is seriously insufficient. The liquid air energy storage is a large-scale long-time energy storage technology, energy storage can be realized in the electricity consumption valley period, energy release can be completed in the electricity consumption peak period, and the application of the large-scale energy storage technology is beneficial to optimizing the energy management of a power grid system and improving the efficiency of the power grid system and the utilization rate of equipment. However, since the circulation efficiency of the liquid air energy storage is low, the initial investment is large, and the benefit is not high in the region where the electricity price difference is not obvious in the peak and the valley.
The present invention has been made in view of the above.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a liquid air energy storage system adopting electric heat storage, which is used for solving the defects of low circulation efficiency, large initial investment and low benefit in regions with unobvious peak-valley electricity price difference of liquid air energy storage in the prior art; by combining the off-peak electricity heat storage, the energy release power of the energy storage device can be obviously improved in the peak period of electricity utilization, and the economy of the energy storage device can be effectively improved by utilizing the peak-off-peak electricity price difference; and when the power system has voltage sag, short-time interruption, short circuit and other disturbances, the energy storage device can instantly accept or release energy, so as to provide buffer time for the adjusting device in the system, avoid system instability and ensure high-quality power supply. When the system has power failure due to failure, the energy storage device can play the role of a large Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS), so that the loss caused by sudden power failure is avoided, the increase of the system standby capacity is facilitated, and the safety stability and the power quality of a power grid are improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the liquid air energy storage system adopting electric heat storage comprises: the system comprises a liquid air energy storage unit and an electric heat storage unit;
the liquid air energy storage unit comprises an energy storage passage and an energy release passage;
the electric heat storage unit comprises a heat energy loop;
the energy storage passage compresses air into liquid air by utilizing valley electricity to realize energy storage;
wherein, the heat energy loop and the energy release passage are coupled for heat exchange.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the liquid air energy storage unit comprises an air compressor unit, a compression heat utilization device, a cold accumulator, a throttling element, a low-temperature storage tank, a low-temperature pump, an air preheater and an air turbine unit;
the air compressor set, the compression heat utilization device, the cold accumulator, the throttling element and the low-temperature storage tank are sequentially connected to form the energy storage passage;
the low-temperature storage tank, the low-temperature pump, the air preheater and the air turbine set are sequentially connected to form the energy release passage.
Specifically, the arrangement scheme of an energy storage passage and an energy release passage is provided, wherein the air compressor unit utilizes valley electricity to realize driving, and air is compressed through the energy storage passage to form liquid air.
Furthermore, by arranging the low-temperature pump connected with the low-temperature storage tank and the air preheater connected with the low-temperature pump, expansion work of liquid air entering the air turbine unit is realized.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the electric heat storage unit comprises: the normal-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, the normal-temperature heat storage medium pump, the electric heater, the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, the high-temperature heat storage medium pump and the air preheater are sequentially connected to form the heat energy loop;
wherein the heat energy loop and the energy release passage are coupled for heat exchange through the air preheater.
Particularly, this embodiment combines the electrical heating technique, through heating the heat accumulation medium in the energy storage stage, realizes the storage of electric energy with high temperature heat energy form to realize the coupling of heat energy return circuit and energy release route through air heater in the energy release stage, high temperature heat accumulation medium and normal atmospheric temperature air heat transfer realize the preheating to normal atmospheric temperature air in the air heater, promote the efficiency of doing work of air turbine unit.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the electric heat storage unit comprises: the air circulation fan, the heat storage medium storage tank, the electric heater and the air preheater, wherein the electric heater is arranged in the heat storage medium storage tank;
wherein the air circulating fan drives air to flow through the heat storage medium storage tank and the air preheater to form the heat energy loop;
the heat energy loop and the energy release passage are coupled and exchange heat through the air preheater.
Specifically, in the embodiment, an electric heating technology is combined, the heat storage medium is heated in the energy storage stage, electric energy is stored in a high-temperature heat energy form, the coupling between the heat energy loop and the energy release path is realized through the air preheater in the energy release stage, air is driven to pass through the high-temperature heat storage medium to form a heat circulation loop, and the hot air after heat exchange with the high-temperature heat storage medium preheats the normal-temperature air in the air preheater, so that the work efficiency of the air turbine unit is improved.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the electric heat storage unit prepares the heat energy required by the heat energy loop through any one or a combination of valley electricity, abandoned wind electricity and abandoned light electricity.
Specifically, in a conventional liquid air energy storage system, in order to increase the power generated by the energy storage device, the inlet air of the turboexpander is preheated during energy release, and the temperature of the compressed air is increased to increase the work of the turbine. The heat source is typically compression heat, industrial waste heat, or solar photo-thermal. However, the heat of compression is lower and the turbine inlet temperature increase is limited. The industrial waste heat is seriously dependent on the peripheral conditions, and although the solar photothermal temperature can be higher, the occupied area of the photothermal mirror field is very large, so that the photothermal mirror field is difficult to build around the city.
Furthermore, the scheme prepares the heat energy required by the heat energy loop by utilizing any one or combination of several of the valley electricity, the abandoned wind electricity and the abandoned light electricity, and realizes the obvious improvement of the generated power.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the air compressor set is in the form of any one or a combination of a piston type, a screw type or a centrifugal type;
the air compressor unit comprises one or more compressors, and the compressors are connected in series, in parallel or integrated into the air compressor unit; each stage of the compressor is provided with the compression heat utilizing device.
In particular, the present embodiment proposes an implementation of an air compressor package.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the compression heat utilization device is connected with the absorption refrigerator group and the hot water supply group to form a compression heat utilization circuit.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation manner of a compression heat utilization device, in which the compression heat utilization device is connected with an absorption refrigeration unit and a hot water supply unit to form a compression heat utilization loop, so that heat energy obtained by the compression heat utilization device in heat exchange is reasonably utilized, and the preparation of a refrigerant inside the absorption refrigeration unit is realized through the connection of the absorption refrigeration unit.
Furthermore, the waste heat after passing through the absorption refrigerating unit is recycled through the hot water supply unit, the hot water supply unit exchanges heat with the waste heat to heat domestic water or other regional hot water needing hot water supply, and simultaneously, after passing through the hot water supply unit, the medium in the compression heat utilization device flows back to the compression heat utilization device to be recycled.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the regenerator is any one or combination of liquid phase, solid phase and phase change cold storage materials;
the cold accumulator is a one-stage or multi-stage cold accumulation structure connected in series or in parallel.
In particular, the present embodiment proposes an implementation of a regenerator.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the throttling element is a cryogenic expander or a throttle valve.
Specifically, the present embodiments present an implementation of a throttling element.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the heating temperature of the electric heater is between 100 ℃ and 1000 ℃.
Specifically, the working temperature range of the electric heater is provided, and the heat energy required by the heat energy loop is prepared by utilizing any one or combination of several of valley electricity, abandoned wind power and abandoned light power, so that the generated power is remarkably improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the air turbine unit is any one of a radial flow type, an axial flow type or a radial axial flow type;
wherein the air turbine set comprises one or more expanders, and the expanders are connected in series, in parallel or integrated into the air turbine set; each stage of the expander is provided with the air preheater.
Specifically, the present example provides an embodiment of an air turbine assembly.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: the invention provides a liquid air energy storage system adopting electric heat storage, which is characterized in that an electric heater is driven to heat a heat storage medium during energy storage by combining an electric heating technology, electric energy is stored in a high-temperature heat energy form, and compressed air is heated by the heat storage medium during energy release, so that the power generation power is obviously improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a first schematic diagram of a working process of a liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic diagram of a working process of the liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10. an air compressor unit; 11. a compression heat utilizing device; 12. a regenerator; 13. a throttling element; 14. a low-temperature storage tank; 15. a cryopump; 16. an air preheater; 17. an air turbine unit;
20. a normal temperature heat storage medium storage tank; 21. a normal temperature heat storage medium pump; 22. an electric heater; 23. a high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank; 24. a high-temperature heat storage medium pump; 25. an air preheater;
30. an air circulation fan; 31. a thermal storage medium storage tank;
40. an absorption chiller unit;
50. hot water supply unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the accompanying drawings, fig. 1 and fig. 2 are a first schematic view and a second schematic view of a working process of a liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 1 and 2 show two embodiments of the electric heat storage unit of the invention. The electric heat storage unit adopted in fig. 1 comprises a normal temperature heat storage medium storage tank 20, a normal temperature heat storage medium pump 21, an electric heater 22, a high temperature heat storage medium storage tank 23, a high temperature heat storage medium pump 24 and an air preheater 16 which are connected in sequence to form a heat energy loop; the heat energy loop and the energy release path are coupled for heat exchange through the air preheater 16. The electric heat storage unit adopted in fig. 2 includes an air circulation fan 30, a heat storage medium storage tank 31, an electric heater 22 and an air preheater 16, the electric heater 22 being disposed in the heat storage medium storage tank 31; the air circulating fan 30 drives air to flow through the heat storage medium storage tank 31 and the air preheater 16 to form a heat energy loop; the heat energy loop and the energy release path are coupled for heat exchange through the air preheater 16.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in the energy storage path in the energy storage stage, the air flow at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the compression heat utilization device 11 to form air at normal temperature and high pressure, the air at normal temperature and high pressure passes through the cold accumulator 12 to exchange heat to form air at low temperature and high pressure, and the air at low temperature and high pressure passes through the pressure reduction device to be reduced in pressure to form liquid air at low temperature and normal pressure and is stored in the low-temperature storage tank 14.
In the heat energy loop of the energy storage stage, the normal-temperature high-pressure heat storage medium enters the electric heater 22 from the normal-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 20 under the action of the normal-temperature heat storage medium pump 21, and is heated by the electric heater 22 to form the high-temperature high-pressure heat storage medium, and the high-temperature high-pressure heat storage medium is stored in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 23.
In the energy release path in the energy release stage, the low-temperature and normal-pressure liquid air in the low-temperature storage tank 14 flows through the low-temperature pump 15 to be pressurized to form low-temperature and high-pressure liquid air, then flows through the cold accumulator 12 to exchange heat to form normal-temperature and high-pressure air, and the normal-temperature and high-pressure air flows through the air preheater 16 to be heated to form high-temperature and high-pressure air and then enters the air turbine unit 17 to do work.
In the heat energy loop at the energy release stage, the high-temperature and high-pressure heat storage medium in the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 23 enters the air preheater 16 under the action of the high-temperature heat storage medium pump 24, and exchanges heat with the normal-temperature and high-pressure air flowing through the air preheater 16, and the normal-temperature and high-pressure heat storage medium after heat exchange is stored in the normal-temperature heat storage medium storage tank 20.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in the energy storage path in the energy storage stage, the air flow at normal temperature and normal pressure enters the compression heat utilization device 11 to form air at normal temperature and high pressure, the air at normal temperature and high pressure passes through the cold accumulator 12 to exchange heat to form air at low temperature and high pressure, and the air at low temperature and high pressure passes through the pressure reduction device to be reduced in pressure to form liquid air at low temperature and normal pressure and is stored in the low temperature storage tank 14.
In the heat energy loop of the energy storage stage, the electric heater 22 heats the heat storage medium in the heat storage medium storage tank 31, the air circulation fan 30 drives air to flow through the heat storage medium storage tank 31, and the air exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat storage medium to form a high-temperature air circulation loop.
In the energy release path in the energy release stage, the low-temperature and normal-pressure liquid air in the low-temperature storage tank 14 flows through the low-temperature pump 15 to be pressurized to form low-temperature and high-pressure liquid air, then flows through the cold accumulator 12 to exchange heat to form normal-temperature and high-pressure air, and the normal-temperature and high-pressure air flows through the air preheater 16 to be heated to form high-temperature and high-pressure air and then enters the air turbine unit 17 to do work.
In the heat energy loop of the energy release stage, the air circulating fan 30 drives the air to flow through the heat storage medium storage tank 31 for heat exchange to form high-temperature air, and the high-temperature air enters the air preheater 16 for heat exchange with the normal-temperature high-pressure air flowing through the air preheater 16.
It should be noted that the absorption refrigeration unit 40 at least includes a generator, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator, wherein the generator is connected to the compression heat utilization device 11, the high-temperature heat energy obtained by heat exchange between the compression heat utilization device 11 and air is input into the generator, the generator generates high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor after obtaining the heat energy, the refrigerant vapor is condensed into liquid state in the condenser, and enters the evaporator after being throttled and reduced in pressure by the expansion valve, and the refrigerant is vaporized by heat absorption at a lower evaporation pressure to realize refrigeration, thereby realizing reuse of the heat energy.
Meanwhile, the heat energy still has residual heat after passing through the absorption refrigerating unit 40, and the residual heat enters the hot water supply unit 50 through a pipeline to realize heat exchange of cold water or normal temperature water, so that the water is heated, and the water with the obtained heat energy can be used as life needs or industrial production needs.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present disclosure provides a liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage, comprising: the system comprises a liquid air energy storage unit and an electric heat storage unit; the liquid air energy storage unit comprises an energy storage passage and an energy release passage; the electric heat storage unit comprises a heat energy loop; the energy storage passage compresses air into liquid air by utilizing valley electricity to realize energy storage; wherein, the heat energy loop and the energy release passage are coupled for heat exchange.
Specifically, the invention provides a liquid air energy storage system adopting electric heat storage, which is used for solving the defects of low circulation efficiency, large initial investment and low benefit in regions with unobvious peak-valley electricity price difference of liquid air energy storage in the prior art; by combining the off-peak electricity heat storage, the energy release power of the energy storage device can be obviously improved in the peak period of electricity utilization, and the economy of the energy storage device can be effectively improved by utilizing the peak-off-peak electricity price difference; and when the power system has voltage sag, short-time interruption, short circuit and other disturbances, the energy storage device can instantly accept or release energy, so as to provide buffer time for the adjusting device in the system, avoid system instability and ensure high-quality power supply. When the system has power failure due to failure, the energy storage device can play the role of a large Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS), so that the loss caused by sudden power failure is avoided, the increase of the system standby capacity is facilitated, and the safety stability and the power quality of a power grid are improved.
In some embodiments, the liquid air energy storage unit comprises an air compressor unit 10, a compression heat utilization device 11, a cold accumulator 12, a throttling element 13, a cryogenic storage tank 14, a cryogenic pump 15, an air preheater 16 and an air turbine unit 17; the air compressor unit 10, the compression heat utilization device 11, the cold accumulator 12, the throttling element 13 and the low-temperature storage tank 14 are sequentially connected to form an energy storage passage; the low-temperature storage tank 14, the low-temperature pump 15, the air preheater 16 and the air turbine unit 17 are connected in sequence to form an energy release passage.
Specifically, an arrangement scheme of an energy storage passage and an energy release passage is provided, wherein the air compressor unit 10 is driven by valley electricity to compress air into liquid air through the energy storage passage.
Further, by providing a cryogenic pump 15 connected to the cryogenic tank 14 and an air preheater 16 connected to the cryogenic pump 15, expansion work of the liquid air entering the air turbine unit 17 is achieved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the electric heat storage unit includes: a normal temperature heat storage medium storage tank 20, a normal temperature heat storage medium pump 21, an electric heater 22, a high temperature heat storage medium storage tank 23, a high temperature heat storage medium pump 24 and an air preheater 16 which form a heat energy loop are connected in sequence; wherein, the heat energy loop and the energy release path are coupled and heat exchanged through the air preheater 16.
Specifically, in the embodiment, an electric heating technology is combined, the heat storage medium is heated in the energy storage stage, so that the electric energy is stored in a high-temperature heat energy form, the heat energy loop is coupled with the energy release path through the air preheater 16 in the energy release stage, the high-temperature heat storage medium exchanges heat with the normal-temperature air, the normal-temperature air in the air preheater 16 is preheated, the work efficiency of the air turbine unit 17 is improved, and the power of the air turbine unit 17 is reduced.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the electric heat storage unit includes: the air circulation fan 30, the heat storage medium storage tank 31, the electric heater 22 and the air preheater 16, wherein the electric heater 22 is arranged in the heat storage medium storage tank 31; wherein, the air circulating fan 30 drives the air to flow through the heat storage medium storage tank 31 and the air preheater 16 to form a heat energy loop; the heat energy loop and the energy release path are coupled for heat exchange through the air preheater 16.
Specifically, in the embodiment, an electric heating technology is combined, the heat storage medium is heated in the energy storage stage, electric energy is stored in a high-temperature heat energy form, the air preheater 16 is used in the energy release stage to couple the heat energy loop with the energy release path, air is driven to pass through the high-temperature heat storage medium to form a heat circulation loop, and hot air after heat exchange with the high-temperature heat storage medium preheats normal-temperature air in the air preheater 16, so that the work efficiency of the air turbine unit 17 is improved, and the power of the air turbine unit 17 is reduced.
In some embodiments, the electric heat storage unit prepares the heat energy required by the heat energy loop through any one or a combination of valley electricity, abandoned wind electricity and abandoned light electricity.
Specifically, in a conventional liquid air energy storage system, in order to increase the power generated by the energy storage device, the inlet air of the turboexpander is preheated during energy release, and the temperature of the compressed air is increased to increase the work of the turbine. The heat source is typically compression heat, industrial waste heat, or solar photo-thermal. However, the heat of compression is lower and the turbine inlet temperature increase is limited. The industrial waste heat is seriously dependent on the peripheral conditions, and although the solar photothermal temperature can be higher, the occupied area of the photothermal mirror field is very large, so that the photothermal mirror field is difficult to build around the city.
Furthermore, the scheme prepares the heat energy required by the heat energy loop by utilizing any one or combination of a plurality of low ebb electricity, abandoned wind electricity and abandoned light electricity, thereby realizing the remarkable improvement of the generated power.
In some embodiments, the air compressor package 10 is in the form of any one or a combination of pistons, screws, or centrifuges; wherein, the air compressor unit 10 comprises one or more compressors, and the compressors are connected in series, in parallel or integrated into the air compressor unit 10; each stage of the compressor is provided with a compression heat utilizing device 11.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an embodiment of an air compressor package 10.
In some embodiments, the compression heat utilization device 11 is connected with the absorption refrigerator group 40 and the hot water supply group 50 to form a compression heat utilization circuit.
Specifically, the present embodiment proposes an embodiment of the compression heat utilization device 11, in which the compression heat utilization device 11 is connected to the absorption refrigerator group 40 and the hot water supply group 50 to form a compression heat utilization circuit, so that the heat energy obtained by the compression heat utilization device 11 in the heat exchange is reasonably utilized, and the preparation of the refrigerant inside the absorption refrigerator group 40 is realized by connecting the absorption refrigerator group 40.
Further, the waste heat after passing through the absorption refrigerator unit 40 is reused by the hot water supply unit 50, the hot water supply unit 50 performs heat exchange with the waste heat to heat domestic water or other regional hot water requiring hot water supply, and after passing through the hot water supply unit 50, the medium in the compression heat utilization device 11 flows back to the compression heat utilization device 11 to be reused.
In some embodiments, the regenerator 12 is any one or combination of liquid phase, solid phase and phase change regenerator materials; the regenerator 12 is a series or parallel one-stage or multi-stage cold accumulation structure.
Specifically, the present embodiment proposes an embodiment of the regenerator 12.
In some embodiments, the throttling element 13 is a cryogenic expander or throttle.
In particular, the present embodiment proposes an embodiment of the restriction element 13.
In some embodiments, the heating temperature of the electric heater 22 is between 100 ℃ and 1000 ℃.
Specifically, the working temperature range of the electric heater 22 is provided, and the heat energy required by the heat energy loop is prepared by utilizing any one or a combination of several of the valley electricity, the abandoned wind electricity and the abandoned light electricity, so that the generated power is remarkably improved.
In some embodiments, the air turbine assembly is any one of radial flow, axial flow, or radial axial flow; the air turbine set comprises one or more expanders, and the expanders are connected in series, in parallel or integrated into the air turbine set; each stage of the expander is provided with an air preheater 16.
Specifically, the present example provides an embodiment of an air turbine assembly.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage, comprising: the system comprises a liquid air energy storage unit and an electric heat storage unit;
the liquid air energy storage unit comprises an energy storage passage and an energy release passage;
the electric heat storage unit comprises a heat energy loop;
the energy storage passage compresses air into liquid air by utilizing valley electricity to realize energy storage;
wherein, the heat energy loop and the energy release passage are coupled for heat exchange.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the liquid air energy storage unit comprises an air compressor unit, a compression heat utilization device, a cold accumulator, a throttling element, a cryogenic storage tank, a cryogenic pump, an air preheater and an air turbine unit;
the air compressor set, the compression heat utilization device, the cold accumulator, the throttling element and the low-temperature storage tank are sequentially connected to form the energy storage passage;
the low-temperature storage tank, the low-temperature pump, the air preheater and the air turbine set are sequentially connected to form the energy release passage.
3. The liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage according to claim 2, wherein the electric heat storage unit comprises: the normal-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, the normal-temperature heat storage medium pump, the electric heater, the high-temperature heat storage medium storage tank, the high-temperature heat storage medium pump and the air preheater are sequentially connected to form the heat energy loop;
wherein the heat energy loop and the energy release passage are coupled for heat exchange through the air preheater.
4. The liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage according to claim 2, wherein the electric heat storage unit comprises: the air circulation fan, the heat storage medium storage tank, the electric heater and the air preheater, wherein the electric heater is arranged in the heat storage medium storage tank;
wherein the air circulating fan drives air to flow through the heat storage medium storage tank and the air preheater to form the heat energy loop;
the heat energy loop and the energy release passage are coupled and exchange heat through the air preheater.
5. A liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electric heat storage unit is used for preparing the heat energy required by the heat energy loop through any one or combination of valley electricity, wind electricity abandonment and photoelectric electricity abandonment.
6. A liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the air compressor set is in the form of any one or a combination of piston type, screw type or centrifugal type;
the air compressor unit comprises one or more compressors, and the compressors are connected in series, in parallel or integrated into the air compressor unit; each stage of the compressor is provided with the compression heat utilizing device.
7. A liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the compression heat utilization device is connected with an absorption refrigeration unit and a hot water supply unit to form a compression heat utilization loop.
8. The liquid air energy storage system adopting electric heat storage according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the cold accumulator is any one or combination of liquid phase, solid phase and phase change cold storage materials;
the cold accumulator is a one-stage or multi-stage cold accumulation structure connected in series or in parallel.
9. A liquid air energy storage system using electrical heat storage according to any one of claims 2 to 4 wherein the throttling element is a cryogenic expander or throttle valve.
10. A liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the heating temperature of the electric heater is between 100 ℃ and 1000 ℃.
11. A liquid air energy storage system using electric heat storage according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the air turbine set is any one of radial flow type, axial flow type or radial axial flow type;
wherein the air turbine set comprises one or more expanders, and the expanders are connected in series, in parallel or integrated into the air turbine set; each stage of the expander is provided with the air preheater.
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