CN112814860B - A tower-type solar photothermal power generation refrigerator cycle complementary heat and power cogeneration system and its operation method - Google Patents
A tower-type solar photothermal power generation refrigerator cycle complementary heat and power cogeneration system and its operation method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/005—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant by means of a heat pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/44—Use of steam for feed-water heating and another purpose
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
- F01K9/003—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines condenser cooling circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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Abstract
一种塔式太阳能光热发电制冷机循环互补热电联供系统及其运行方法，属于机械工程和节能领域。解决了现有技术中动力岛循环在夏季工况下背压较高的问题，以及热电联供系统无法全工况高效运行的问题。要点：包括塔式太阳能集热系统、动力岛系统和热泵制冷循环余热回收系统；动力岛系统循环的冷端低品位余热和热泵制冷循环余热回收系统利用同一个或一组换热器，实现了两个子系统的结合，利用热泵循环蒸发的制冷量冷却循环水，同时将动力岛系统的冷端废热转化为有效供热输出，既可用于用户供热，也可实现给水预热。本发明在投入较小成本的前提下，实现能源的综合梯级利用，汽机岛全年的高效运行，同时冬季完成可观的供热需求，提高能源的利用效率。
A tower-type solar photothermal power generation refrigerator cycle complementary heat and power cogeneration system and its operation method belong to the field of mechanical engineering and energy conservation. It solves the problem in the existing technology that the back pressure of the power island cycle is high under summer working conditions, and the problem that the combined heat and power system cannot operate efficiently in all working conditions. Key points: Including tower solar thermal collection system, power island system and heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system; the cold end low-grade waste heat of the power island system cycle and the heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system use the same or a group of heat exchangers to achieve The combination of the two subsystems uses the cooling capacity of the heat pump circulation evaporation to cool the circulating water, and at the same time converts the cold-end waste heat of the power island system into effective heat output, which can be used for user heating and water supply preheating. On the premise of relatively small investment, the present invention realizes comprehensive cascade utilization of energy, enables efficient operation of the turbine island throughout the year, and at the same time fulfills considerable heating demand in winter and improves energy utilization efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar cogeneration system and an operation method thereof, in particular to a circulating complementary cogeneration system of a tower type solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator and an operation method thereof, belonging to the technical fields of mechanical engineering and energy conservation.
Background
Energy shortage and environmental problems have become significant bottlenecks restricting global economic and social development, and will affect human survival in the future. Solar energy is the most abundant and widely available renewable energy form in China and the world, and has a particularly important effect on solving energy crisis and environmental problems due to the characteristics of cleanness and no pollution. Solar power generation systems have various forms and are mainly divided into two major types, photovoltaic and photo-thermal. The photovoltaic is unfavorable for the construction of a large-capacity power station due to the small energy distribution density of irradiation, namely, the large-area occupation, and meanwhile, the factors which are not environment-friendly exist in the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic panel, so that the photo-thermal is a main development direction for a large-capacity unit.
At present, according to the difference of solar collection systems, photo-thermal power generation is mainly divided into four forms: trough, linear (fresnel), disk and tower. The trough type solar thermal power generation system utilizes a trough type paraboloid to conduct condensation power generation, heat conduction oil is generally adopted as a heat transfer and storage medium, the condensation ratio, the heat collection temperature and the power generation efficiency are not high, but the technology is mature, and commercial operation is started in the eighties of the last century; the tower type solar thermal power generation system utilizes heliostats to converge solar radiation energy for power generation, the light concentration ratio, the heat collection temperature and the power generation efficiency are higher, molten salt and superheated steam are generally adopted as heat transfer and storage media, and a plurality of demonstration or commercialized power stations are established and operated worldwide; the dish type solar thermal power generation system utilizes the parabolic reflector to conduct condensation power generation, has small scale and can be used for a distributed energy system; the linear solar thermal power generation system mainly utilizes the Fresnel lens to concentrate light for power generation, and is currently in a research and development stage.
From the aspect of power generation, the conventional photo-thermal unit mainly adopts a Rankine cycle power generation system taking water vapor as a working medium, but the system has some defects which are difficult to overcome. The photo-thermal power station is generally built in areas with rich illumination resources, and the areas have the characteristic of large seasonal differences and day-night differences.
From the aspect of heat supply, the increase speed of the domestic heat demand in China is more rapid. Because of low efficiency and large pollution, small boiler heating has been replaced by large boiler central heating basically according to national relevant policies. However, from the second law of thermodynamics, there is still a great waste of energy to directly produce low-grade heat energy from high-grade chemical energy. In recent years, heat pump cycles have attracted attention as an efficient and energy-saving heating system. The heat pump cycle improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency by utilizing low-grade heat energy, and has huge energy-saving potential.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problem that the back pressure of a power island cycle is higher under the working condition in summer and the problem that a combined heat and power system cannot operate in a full working condition and high efficiency in the prior art, and further provides a circulating complementary combined heat and power system of a tower type solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator and an operation method thereof. The invention fully exerts the combined advantages by organically combining a plurality of systems, improves the energy utilization efficiency to more than 80 percent, and has obvious economic benefit, social benefit and engineering application prospect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
scheme one: a circulating complementary heat and power cogeneration system of a tower type solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator comprises a tower type solar heat collection system, a power island system and a heat pump refrigerating cycle waste heat recovery system;
the tower type solar heat collection system comprises a condensing tower, a high-temperature heat accumulator, a high-temperature evaporator, a low-temperature evaporator and a low-temperature heat accumulator which are sequentially arranged in a heat accumulation loop, wherein the low-temperature evaporator provides required driving steam for a heat pump system of a heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system, the high-temperature evaporator provides required driving steam for a turbine of a power island system, the turbine generates power by acting, a dead steam end of the turbine is connected with a condenser, the condenser is respectively in circulating connection with a cooling tower and the heat pump system, a condensed liquid outlet of the condenser is connected with the high-temperature evaporator through a power island water supply loop, the heat pump driving turbine is connected with an inlet end of the condenser, and a condensed liquid outlet of the condenser is also connected with a heat pump loop of the heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system through a pipeline to convert cold end waste heat of the power island system into effective heat supply output for heating and realizing water supply preheating of a user.
The working principle is as follows: the cold end low-grade waste heat and heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system of the power island system circulation utilizes the same or a group of heat exchangers, skillfully realizes the combination of the two subsystems, utilizes the refrigeration capacity of heat pump circulation evaporation to cool circulating water, and simultaneously converts the cold end waste heat of the power island system into effective heat supply output, thereby being capable of being used for heat supply of users and preheating water supply.
Further: the heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system comprises a heat pump system outlet, a high-temperature heat storage water tank, a heat user heat exchanger, a low-temperature heat storage water tank and a heat pump system inlet which are sequentially arranged in a heat pump loop.
Further: the power island water supply loop is provided with a booster pump, a three-way control valve III and a three-way control valve II, the booster pump, the three-way control valve III and the three-way control valve II are sequentially arranged between the condenser and the high-temperature evaporator, the heat pump loop is internally provided with a three-way control valve IV and a three-way control valve V, the three-way control valve IV is arranged between the heat pump system and the high-temperature heat storage water tank, the three-way control valve V is arranged between the heat pump system and the low-temperature heat storage water tank, the three-way control valve III is connected with the three-way control valve V through a pipeline, and the three-way control valve II is connected with the three-way control valve IV through a pipeline.
Further: the heat storage loop is internally provided with a three-way control valve I, and the outlet of the high-temperature evaporator, the inlet of the low-temperature evaporator and the inlet of the low-temperature heat storage are connected through the three-way control valve I.
Further: the working medium of the heat pump system adopts an organic working medium, vapor, carbon dioxide or a mixed working medium.
Further: the heat pump system adopts an injection type circulation, multi-stage circulation or regenerative circulation arrangement mode.
Scheme II: the operation method of the circulating complementary heat and power cogeneration system of the tower type solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator is realized based on the scheme one. The method comprises the following steps:
the operation process comprises a power island circulation loop, a heat pump heat supply/refrigeration circulation loop and a heat supply loop, and specifically comprises the following steps:
power island circulation loop: the exhaust steam end of the turbine passes through a condenser, and then high-pressure water pressurized by a booster pump enters a high-temperature evaporator or a heat pump system to absorb heat and raise the temperature to design parameters;
under the working condition in summer, the exhaust gas of the turbine enters a heat pump system after supercooling the condenser, and the heat pump system is used for realizing the recovery of the waste heat of the circulating water and heating the water supply; after preheating the water supply, the water enters a high-temperature evaporator to complete a cycle;
under the working condition in winter, the exhaust gas of the turbine directly enters the high-temperature evaporator after supercooling the condenser, then enters the turbine to expand and do work, and the output function of the turbine is used for driving the generator to generate electricity so as to complete one cycle;
heat pump heating/cooling cycle: under the working condition of summer, no heat supply requirement exists, and under the condition of high daytime air temperature, the three-way control valve I controls the heat pump heat supply/refrigeration cycle loop to be put into operation; the three-way control valve III controls the condensed water to enter the heat pump system, and the waste heat of the circulating water is recycled through the heat pump circulation and used for preheating the condensed water; the temperature of the cold end meets the high-efficiency operation requirement of the unit, and the three-way control valve I controls to isolate the heat pump system; under the working condition in winter, the heat pump system directly transmits the waste heat recovered from the circulating water to the heat exchanger of the heat user to supply heat to the user by adjusting the three-way control valve II, the three-way control valve III, the three-way control valve IV and the three-way control valve V.
And a heat supply loop: the heat pump working medium heats the heat supply circulating water through the high-temperature heat storage water tank and the low-temperature heat storage water tank, and then the heat supply circulating water supplies heat to users through the heat supply pipe network.
The invention achieves the following effects:
1. the invention comprehensively considers Rankine power cycle and heat pump (refrigeration) cycle, and relates to a combined production system of tower type solar photo-thermal power generation and heat pump (refrigeration) cycle, wherein the cold end of the Rankine power cycle is combined with the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle, and a tower type solar heat storage system is adopted as a driving heat source to achieve the purposes of power generation, heat supply and even refrigeration.
2. The invention uses the power island circulation of the tower type photo-thermal generation system as a power subsystem and uses the heat pump (refrigeration) circulation as a combined circulation system of the heat supply (refrigeration) subsystem, wherein the power circulation and the heat pump circulation are connected by one or a group of heat exchangers, and the heat exchangers not only serve as coolers of the power circulation, but also serve as evaporators of the heat pump (refrigeration) circulation, thereby realizing the organic combination among the subsystems.
3. The invention skillfully realizes the annual high-efficiency operation of the power island system by utilizing the heat pump system, and simultaneously realizes the cascade utilization of energy sources, thereby reducing the heat emission on one hand and meeting the cold and heat loads of users on the other hand.
4. The invention fully exerts the combined advantages by organically combining a plurality of systems, improves the energy utilization efficiency to more than 80%, realizes comprehensive cascade utilization of energy on the premise of lower investment cost, realizes annual high-efficiency operation of the turbine island, completes considerable heat supply requirements in winter, can better realize the energy utilization efficiency, has novel thought and high feasibility, and has remarkable economic benefit, social benefit and engineering application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system principle of the present invention;
in the figure, 1. A condensing tower; 2. a high temperature heat accumulator; 3. a high temperature evaporator; 4. a low temperature evaporator; 5. a low temperature heat accumulator; sixthly, a turbine; 7. a condenser; 8. a cooling tower; 9. a heat pump system; 10. a high temperature heat storage water tank; 11. a low temperature heat storage water tank; 12. a heat user heat exchanger; A1. a three-way control valve I; A2. a three-way control valve II; A3. a three-way control valve III; A4. a three-way control valve IV; A5. and a three-way control valve V.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application solution better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will be made in detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present application and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate in order to describe the embodiments of the present application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "middle", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element or component to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Also, some of the terms described above may be used to indicate other meanings in addition to orientation or positional relationships, for example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate some sort of attachment or connection in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "disposed," "connected," "secured" and "affixed" are to be construed broadly. For example, "connected" may be in a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; may be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements, or components. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the circulating complementary cogeneration system of the tower type solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator according to the embodiment comprises a tower type solar heat collection system, a power island system and a heat pump refrigerating cycle waste heat recovery system;
the tower type solar heat collection system comprises a condensing tower 1, a high-temperature heat accumulator 2, a high-temperature evaporator 3, a low-temperature evaporator 4 and a low-temperature heat accumulator 5 which are sequentially arranged in a heat accumulation loop, wherein the low-temperature evaporator 4 provides required driving steam for a heat pump system of a heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system, the high-temperature evaporator 3 provides required driving steam for a turbine 6 of a power island system, the turbine 6 performs power generation, a dead steam end of the turbine 6 is connected with a condenser 7, the condenser 7 is respectively connected with a cooling tower 8 and the heat pump system in a circulating way, a condensed liquid outlet of the condenser 7 is connected with the high-temperature evaporator 3 through a power island water supply loop, a heat pump driving turbine is connected with an inlet end of the condenser, and a condensed liquid outlet of the condenser is also connected with a heat pump loop of the heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system through a pipeline to convert cold end waste heat of the power island system into effective output for user heat supply and water supply preheating; the heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system comprises a heat pump system outlet, a high-temperature heat storage water tank 10, a heat user heat exchanger 12, a low-temperature heat storage water tank 11 and a heat pump system inlet which are sequentially arranged in a heat pump loop; the power island water supply loop is provided with a booster pump, a three-way control valve IIIA3 and a three-way control valve IIA2, the booster pump, the three-way control valve IIIA3 and the three-way control valve IIA2 are sequentially arranged between the condenser 7 and the high-temperature evaporator 3, the heat pump loop is internally provided with a three-way control valve IVA4 and a three-way control valve VA5, the three-way control valve IVA4 is arranged between the heat pump system 9 and the high-temperature heat storage water tank 10, the three-way control valve VA5 is arranged between the heat pump system and the low-temperature heat storage water tank, the three-way control valve IIIA3 is connected with the three-way control valve VA5 through a pipeline, and the three-way control valve IIA2 is connected with the three-way control valve IVA4 through a pipeline; the heat storage loop is internally provided with a three-way control valve IA1, and the outlet of the high-temperature evaporator, the inlet of the low-temperature evaporator and the inlet of the low-temperature heat storage are connected through the three-way control valve IA 1. The working medium of the heat pump system is an organic working medium; the heat pump system adopts an injection type circulation arrangement mode.
Example 2: the difference with the embodiment 1 is that the working medium of the heat pump system adopts water vapor; the heat pump system adopts a multi-stage circulation arrangement mode.
Embodiment 3 differs from embodiment 1 in that the working medium of the heat pump system is carbon dioxide; the heat pump system adopts a regenerative cycle arrangement mode.
Embodiment 4 differs from embodiment 1 in that the working medium of the heat pump system is a mixed working medium; the heat pump system adopts a regenerative cycle arrangement mode.
The working principle of examples 1-4 is: the cold end low-grade waste heat and heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system of the power island system circulation utilizes the same or a group of heat exchangers, skillfully realizes the combination of the two subsystems, utilizes the refrigeration capacity of heat pump circulation evaporation to cool circulating water, and simultaneously converts the cold end waste heat of the power island system into effective heat supply output, thereby being capable of being used for heat supply of users and preheating water supply.
It is emphasized that the solar thermal decoupling system has the following technical features:
(1) The working flow of the power island circulation of the tower type solar power generation system when heat supply is needed is as follows: the pressurized water is heated to a given parameter in a heat storage system, and then enters a turbine to expand and do work, and exhaust waste heat is transmitted to a working medium at the high pressure side of the heat pump through a heat exchanger to realize condensation. The condensed water is pressurized by a pump and finally enters a heat storage system to absorb heat, so that one cycle is completed.
(2) The working flow of the power island circulation of the tower type solar power generation system when heat supply is not needed is as follows: after the temperature of the feed water is raised to a given parameter, the feed water enters a turbine to expand and do work, and exhaust waste heat of the feed water is transmitted to a working medium on the high-pressure side of the heat pump through a heat exchanger to realize condensation. Meanwhile, after being pressurized by a pump, the condensed water enters a heat pump system to absorb heat from a low-pressure side working medium to preheat water, and finally enters a heat storage system to absorb heat to complete a cycle.
(3) The waste heat recovery cycle adopts a simple heat pump (refrigeration) cycle, and the working flow is as follows: the heat pump working medium is evaporated at low pressure, and then the vapor is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure fluid by a compressor. Heat exchange with heat supply circulating water in a heat exchanger, then the heat exchange is changed into low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase fluid through cooling and throttling, and the two-phase fluid is evaporated and absorbed again to complete the circulation, and a driving source of the heat pump (refrigeration) circulation is given out from a heat storage system.
(4) Under the conditions that heat supply is not needed and the ambient temperature is low enough, the power island cycle is isolated from the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle, and the power cycle adopts a simple Rankine cycle. The heat pump (refrigeration) cycle does not run.
(5) The parameters and specific configuration of the power island system may vary with the type of heat source and design requirements. Such as: a reheat cycle or the like arrangement may be employed to improve power subsystem efficiency.
(6) The type of working medium, the operating parameters and the specific arrangement of the heat pump (refrigeration) system can vary according to the specific situation. Such as: organic working medium, vapor, carbon dioxide, mixed working medium and the like can be adopted as the working medium; the arrangement modes of injection circulation, multistage circulation, regenerative circulation and the like can be adopted.
Embodiment 5, a method for operating a circulating complementary cogeneration system of a tower solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator, is implemented based on embodiments 1-4. The method comprises the following steps:
the operation process comprises a power island circulation loop, a heat pump heat supply/refrigeration circulation loop and a heat supply loop, and specifically comprises the following steps:
power island circulation loop: the exhaust steam end of the turbine 6 passes through a condenser 7, and then high-pressure water pressurized by a booster pump enters a high-temperature evaporator 3 or a heat pump system 9 to absorb heat and raise the temperature to design parameters;
under the working condition in summer, the exhaust gas of the turbine 6 passes through the condenser 7 and then enters the heat pump system 9, and the heat pump system 9 is used for realizing the recovery of the waste heat of the circulating water and heating the water supply; after preheating the feed water, the feed water enters a high-temperature evaporator 3 to complete a cycle;
under the working condition in winter, the exhaust gas of the turbine 6 directly enters the high-temperature evaporator 3 after supercooling the condenser 7, then enters the turbine 6 to do expansion work, and the output function of the turbine is used for driving a generator to generate electricity so as to complete one cycle;
heat pump heating/cooling cycle: under the working condition of summer, no heat supply requirement exists, and under the condition of high daytime air temperature, the three-way control valve IA1 controls the heat pump heat supply/refrigeration cycle loop to be put into operation; the three-way control valve IIIA3 and the three-way control valve VA5 control the condensate to enter the heat pump system 9, and the circulating water waste heat is recycled through heat pump circulation to preheat the condensate; the night air temperature is low, the cold end temperature meets the high-efficiency operation requirement of the unit, and the three-way control valve IA1 is controlled to isolate the heat pump system; under the working condition in winter, the heat pump system 9 directly transmits the waste heat recovered from the circulating water to the heat user heat exchanger 12 by adjusting the three-way control valve IIA2, the three-way control valve IIIA3, the three-way control valve IVA4 and the three-way control valve VA5, so as to supply heat to users.
And a heat supply loop: the heat pump working medium heats the heat supply circulating water through the high-temperature heat storage water tank 10 and the low-temperature heat storage water tank 11, and then the heat supply circulating water supplies heat to a user through a heat supply pipe network; the heating circulation medium is water generally, but other mediums can be adopted according to actual needs.
According to the embodiment, according to the characteristics that solar energy resources have different resource endowments in different seasons and in the morning and evening and the circulating cooling water of the power island loop has a large amount of low-grade heat sources, the heat pump subsystem is used for recycling the low-grade heat sources with considerable total quantity in the circulating water, the power island water supply is preheated in summer, and the heating requirement with certain load is realized in winter. The invention skillfully uses the heat pump principle, realizes comprehensive cascade utilization of energy on the premise of lower cost input, realizes annual high-efficiency operation of the turbine island, completes considerable heat supply requirement in winter, and can better realize energy utilization efficiency.
It should be noted that, the above-mentioned circulation is only to the simplest tower type photo-thermal power generation system-simple heat pump combines and carries on the heat and power cogeneration to schematic, the system of the practical engineering application will be more complex, in order to raise the circulation efficiency, the above-mentioned power island circulation can also be replaced with more complex systems such as once reheat, twice reheat, etc.; the heat pump (refrigeration) subsystem can also be replaced by a jet type circulation system, a multi-stage circulation system, a regenerative circulation system and the like; auxiliary equipment can also be added according to the requirement. As long as the combination mode of the tower type photo-thermal power generation power island cycle and the heat pump (refrigeration) cycle is not changed, the equivalent implementation or modification of the present embodiment still belongs.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting thereof; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention. In particular, the above embodiments only show a four-layer bionic vein structure arrangement, and five-layer and more stacked-bed heat storage devices in a form of a vein or similar form are the same as the above embodiments, and are also included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. The circulating complementary heat and power cogeneration system of the tower type solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator is characterized by comprising a tower type solar heat collection system, a power island system and a heat pump refrigerating cycle waste heat recovery system;
the tower type solar heat collection system comprises a condensing tower (1), a high-temperature heat accumulator (2), a high-temperature evaporator (3), a low-temperature evaporator (4) and a low-temperature heat accumulator (5) which are sequentially arranged in a heat accumulation loop, wherein the low-temperature evaporator (4) provides required driving steam for a heat pump system of a heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system, the high-temperature evaporator (3) provides required driving steam for a turbine (6) of the power island system, the turbine (6) does work to generate power, the exhaust steam end of the turbine (6) is connected with the inlet end of a condenser (7), the condenser (7) is respectively connected with a cooling tower (8) and the heat pump system (9) in a circulating way, a condensed liquid outlet of the condenser (7) is connected with the high-temperature evaporator (3) through a power island water supply loop, and the condensed liquid outlet of the condenser is also connected with the heat pump loop of the heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system through a pipeline to convert cold end waste heat of the power island system into effective heat supply output for users to heat supply and realize preheating;
the power island water supply loop is provided with a booster pump, a three-way control valve III and a three-way control valve II, the booster pump, the three-way control valve III and the three-way control valve II are sequentially arranged between the condenser (7) and the high-temperature evaporator (3), the heat pump loop is internally provided with a three-way control valve IV and a three-way control valve V, the three-way control valve IV is arranged between the heat pump system (9) and the high-temperature heat storage water tank (10), the three-way control valve V is arranged between the heat pump system and the low-temperature heat storage water tank (11), the three-way control valve III is connected with the three-way control valve V through a pipeline, and the three-way control valve II is connected with the three-way control valve IV through a pipeline.
2. The circulating complementary cogeneration system of a tower solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator of claim 1, wherein: the heat pump refrigeration cycle waste heat recovery system comprises a heat pump system outlet, a high-temperature heat storage water tank (10), a heat user heat exchanger (12), a low-temperature heat storage water tank (11) and a heat pump system inlet which are sequentially arranged in a heat pump loop.
3. The circulating complementary cogeneration system of a tower solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator of claim 2, wherein: the heat storage loop is internally provided with a three-way control valve I, and the outlet of the high-temperature evaporator, the inlet of the low-temperature evaporator and the inlet of the low-temperature heat storage are connected through the three-way control valve I.
4. The circulating complementary cogeneration system of a tower solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator of claim 1, wherein: the working medium of the heat pump system adopts an organic working medium, vapor, carbon dioxide or a mixed working medium.
5. An operation method of a circulating complementary heat and power cogeneration system of a tower type solar photo-thermal power generation refrigerator, which is realized based on the circulating complementary heat and power cogeneration system of claim 3 and is characterized in that,
the operation process comprises a power island circulation loop, a heat pump heat supply/refrigeration circulation loop and a heat supply loop, and specifically comprises the following steps:
power island circulation loop: the exhaust steam end of the turbine (6) passes through a condenser (7), and then high-pressure water pressurized by a booster pump enters a high-temperature evaporator (3) or a heat pump system (9) to absorb heat and raise the temperature to design parameters;
under the working condition in summer, the exhaust gas of the turbine (6) enters the heat pump system (9) after passing through the condenser (7), and the heat pump system (9) is used for realizing the recovery of the waste heat of the circulating water and heating the water supply; after preheating the water supply, the water enters a high-temperature evaporator (3) to complete a cycle;
under the working condition in winter, the exhaust gas of the turbine (6) passes through the condenser (7) and then directly enters the high-temperature evaporator (3), then enters the turbine (6) to expand and do work, and the output function of the turbine is used for driving the generator to generate electricity so as to complete one cycle;
heat pump heating/cooling cycle: under the working condition of summer, no heat supply requirement exists, and under the condition of high daytime air temperature, the three-way control valve I controls the heat pump heat supply/refrigeration cycle loop to be put into operation; the three-way control valve III and the three-way control valve V control condensed water to enter the heat pump system (9), and the waste heat of the circulating water is recycled through heat pump circulation to preheat the condensed water; the temperature of the cold end meets the high-efficiency operation requirement of the unit, and the three-way control valve I controls to isolate the heat pump system; under the working condition in winter, the heat pump system (9) directly transmits the waste heat recovered from the circulating water to the heat user heat exchanger (12) by adjusting the three-way control valve II, the three-way control valve III, the three-way control valve IV and the three-way control valve V, so as to supply heat for users;
and a heat supply loop: the heat pump working medium heats the heat supply circulating water through the high-temperature heat storage water tank (10) and the low-temperature heat storage water tank (11), and then the heat supply circulating water supplies heat to a user through a heat supply pipe network.
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| CN114109545B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-05-02 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Peak regulating system and peak regulating method for recovering cold end waste heat of thermal power plant |
| CN116734503B (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-10-13 | 燕山大学 | Industrial cold-hot combined preparation system utilizing solar PVT heat pump |
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