CN116574459A - 一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂、使用其的阻燃脲醛胶及难燃胶合板 - Google Patents
一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂、使用其的阻燃脲醛胶及难燃胶合板 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;magnesium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940061634 magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
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- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OLZDXDPSDUSGIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfinylmagnesium Chemical compound [Mg].S=O OLZDXDPSDUSGIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
- B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
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- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂、使用其的阻燃脲醛胶及难燃胶合板。本发明所述无卤阻燃剂包括如下组分:轻烧氧化镁、七水合硫酸镁、缓凝剂、水、硼系阻燃剂、减水剂、调和剂、碳酸镁钙;所述阻燃脲醛胶由上述无卤阻燃剂、脲醛胶及普通面粉搅拌均匀得到;之后采用上述阻燃脲醛胶与单板经冷压、热压后得到难燃胶合板。本发明的无卤阻燃剂借助镁质凝胶体系,提高脲醛胶的粘合强度和阻燃性能,配合硼系阻燃剂在脲醛胶中具有良好的稳定性,发挥协同阻燃作用。本发明在脲醛胶中加入了镁水泥,配合其他阻燃成分可以在脲醛胶中充分分散,经本发明处理后的胶合板能够达到B1级阻燃,无卤阻燃剂的添加使其阻燃胶合板的腐蚀性大大降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及阻燃剂领域,尤其涉及一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂、使用其的阻燃脲醛胶及难燃胶合板。
背景技术
近年来随着人民生活水平的不断提高,胶合板广泛应用于建筑、家具、装修装饰业,但易燃性是它的致命弱点,它的使用范围必然受到限制,因此对胶合板进行阻燃处理很有必要。国内外对胶合板的阻燃处理大多采用无机或有机阻燃浸渍剂浸渍单板,其工艺复杂,且单板抗流失性差,表面易吸潮,板材的胶合强度普遍下降。采用阻燃型脲醛树脂胶粘剂可起到胶接和阻燃双重功能,在不改动胶合板生产工艺条件的基础上制得的阻燃胶合板的阻燃性能达到日本JISD1201一77规定的自动车内有机材料难燃一级的要求。
生产难燃胶合板的传统浸泡工艺,工艺复杂、耗时、成本高、生产效率低、由于常规的木材阻燃剂呈现酸性对单板浸渍设备的腐蚀性很强,影响设备使用寿命及产品稳定性。同时单板浸渍阻燃剂溶液后的工艺,单板需要置于室外自然晾干,受天气和场地的限制大。而新型的胶用型阻燃剂可以直接添加进脲醛胶中,工艺简单、生产效率高。脲醛胶是尿素与甲醛在碱性催化剂或酸性催化剂作用下,缩聚成初期脲醛树脂,然后再在固化剂或助剂作用下,形成不溶的末期树脂胶粘剂。为了增加脲醛胶的防火阻燃性能,需要在脲醛胶胶黏剂中添加专用阻燃剂,市场上磷氮系阻燃剂,直接加入脲醛胶中会破坏脲醛胶的稳定性及酸碱度,进而影响到胶合板的质量,而且阻燃效果差,成本高。
发明内容
针对现有的脲醛胶用单板浸渍型阻燃剂制备的阻燃胶合板阻燃效果不稳定、工艺繁琐、制板周期长、应用过程中的腐蚀等问题,本发明提供一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂、使用其的难燃胶合板及制备方法。通过在脲醛胶中添加镁质凝胶材料,使得脲醛胶中具备了部分镁质水泥的特性,在冷压预固化、热压固化过程中,无机凝胶体系在吸水放热的同时可以吸收脲醛胶中的水分,致使脲醛胶可以更加迅速的固化,减少压制时间,提高生产效率。本发明中的活性氧化镁与七水硫酸镁在水中发生水化反应,生成了碱式硫酸镁和氢氧化镁都是极佳的耐火材料,这也是本发明中的无卤阻燃剂成分中的关键技术点。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的具体技术方案如下:
一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂,按质量份数计,包括如下组分:
所述轻烧氧化镁为菱镁矿在400℃-600℃温度条件下煅烧而成,该轻烧氧化镁中氧化镁含量不低于85%,其中活性氧化镁粉末含量不低于70%,所述轻烧氧化镁粉末细度为50目-500目;活性氧化镁的含量直接影响板材成型后的理化性能。
进一步地,本发明所述缓凝剂选自无水柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、草酸、磷酸中的任意一种以上混合。
进一步地,本发明所述硼系阻燃剂为四硼酸钠。
进一步地,本发明所述减水剂为木质素磺酸钠;木质素磺酸钠作为减水剂主要作用是增加水化效率,减少单位用水量防止阻燃胶中的水分流失过快导致胶水中无法在热压条件下热固。
进一步地,本发明所述调和剂选自硫酸铵、柠檬酸钾中任意一种或两种混合;调和剂的主要作用为调节阻燃胶固化时间。
本发明中所述轻烧氧化镁、七水合硫酸镁、缓凝剂、水均为镁质凝胶体系材料,其主要起阻燃效果及与水泥的胶凝作用;硼系阻燃剂、碳酸钙镁分别为可溶性阻燃剂与不可溶性无机物,无机物本身不可燃,硼系阻燃剂具有阻燃抑烟的效果,提高阻燃胶的整体阻燃性能。
本发明还提供一种采用上述无卤阻燃剂的阻燃脲醛胶,由上述无卤阻燃剂与脲醛胶、普通面粉充分搅拌均匀得到,其中脲醛胶质量份数为300-500份,普通面粉的质量份数为80-150份,两者质量份数基准与上述无卤阻燃剂中各组分质量份数基准一致;通过采用普通面粉增加胶水初粘性,调节阻燃胶稠度,在后端冷压过程中使得单板与单板之间可以初步粘合,不会发生板坯散落的情况。
本发明所述阻燃脲醛胶的制备方法包括:
(1)将七水合硫酸镁、缓凝剂、调和剂、水混合后进行加热至50-70℃,加速晶体溶于水中,直至完全溶解,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将溶液Ⅰ倒入脲醛胶中,随后加入轻烧氧化镁、四硼酸钠、木质素磺酸钠、碳酸钙镁和普通面粉充分搅拌均匀,得到本发明所述阻燃脲醛胶。
本发明还提供了一种采用上述阻燃脲醛胶的难燃胶合板,其制备方法为:采用双面涂胶机将上述脲醛胶对芯板进行双面涂胶,单板不涂胶,采用此种施胶方式可以提高胶合板的铺装效率与施胶效率,单板作为胶合板的两侧外表面,中间若干单板和涂胶的芯板依次拼板,相同板材不接触,拼板方向为垂直方向,再依次经冷压机和热压机的压制使胶水完全固化,制成本发明所述难燃胶合板。
本发明所述阻燃脲醛胶的固含量为45%-55%。
本发明所述芯板单面施胶量为500-580g/m2,芯板两面施胶量相同。
本发明所述所冷压机压制时间为1-4h,单位压力0.8-1.5Mpa;热压机压制条件为单位压力1.5~2MPa,热压温度120℃,热压时间12~20min。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
借助轻烧氧化镁、七水合硫酸镁配合其他助剂在水中的水化反应,吸收脲醛胶中的水分,使得受热后的脲醛树脂可以快速成膜,起到胶黏作用,而水化生成的碱式硫酸镁与氢氧化镁是极佳的耐火材料,搭配可溶性的硼系阻燃剂四硼酸钠,使得改性后的脲醛胶具有很强的阻燃性能。并且硫氧镁凝胶受热后会快速凝固,且脲醛树脂和硫氧镁凝胶在120℃情况下固化时间相同,两者均可以在单板之间起到胶粘作用,因此胶合板的胶合强度不会下降。另外本发明的无卤阻燃剂不会吸潮后析出,而市面上的浸渍型阻燃剂吸潮后极易析出,导致阻燃剂的流失,并且会对直接接触的金属产生腐蚀。
本发明的无卤阻燃剂借助镁质凝胶体系,提高脲醛胶的粘合强度和阻燃性能,配合硼系阻燃剂在脲醛胶中具有良好的稳定性,发挥协同阻燃作用。本发明在脲醛胶中加入了镁水泥,配合其他阻燃成分可以在脲醛胶中充分分散,经本发明处理后的胶合板能够达到B1级阻燃,无卤阻燃剂的添加使其阻燃胶合板的腐蚀性大大降低。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种采用包含无卤阻燃剂的阻燃脲醛胶的难燃胶合板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取七水合硫酸镁4kg、无水柠檬酸0.04kg和硫酸铵0.5kg加入3kg水,加热60℃搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将溶液Ⅰ倒入37kg的脲醛胶中,随后加入轻烧氧化镁6.5kg(轻烧氧化镁中氧化镁含量为90%,活性氧化镁含量为85%,轻烧氧化镁粉末细度为325目。)、四硼酸钠1.25kg、木质素磺酸钠0.06kg、碳酸钙镁1.5kg和普通面粉11kg充分搅拌均匀,得到阻燃脲醛胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得到的阻燃脲醛胶通过双面涂胶机对经干燥处理的厚度为2.8mm的杨木单板进行双面常温上胶,布胶量为540g/m2,将一张布胶后的杨木单板(即芯板)与两张未涂胶的单板进行拼板,在室温条件下,经冷压机压制4h,保持单位压力0.8MPa后,送至热压机压制20min,单位压力2MPa,温度120℃后,得到难燃胶合板。
实施例2
一种采用包含无卤阻燃剂的阻燃脲醛胶的难燃胶合板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取七水合硫酸镁3kg、磷酸0.02kg和硫酸铵0.1kg加入2kg水,加热50℃搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将溶液Ⅰ倒入31kg的脲醛胶中,随后加入轻烧氧化镁5kg(轻烧氧化镁中氧化镁含量为85%,活性氧化镁含量为70%,轻烧氧化镁粉末细度为500目。)、木质素磺酸钠0.02kg、四硼酸钠1kg、碳酸钙镁1kg和普通面粉9.3kg充分搅拌均匀,得到阻燃脲醛胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得到的阻燃脲醛胶通过双面涂胶机对经干燥处理的厚度为2.8mm的杨木单板进行双面常温上胶,布胶量为500g/m2,将一张布胶后的杨木单板(即芯板)与两张未涂胶的单板进行拼板,在室温条件下,经冷压机压制1h,保持单位压力1.5MPa后,送至热压机压制12min,单位压力1.5MPa,温度120℃后,得到难燃胶合板。
实施例3
一种采用包含无卤阻燃剂的阻燃脲醛胶的难燃胶合板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取七水合硫酸镁5kg、草酸0.08kg和硫酸铵1kg加入4kg水,加热70℃搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将溶液Ⅰ倒入50kg的脲醛胶中,随后加入轻烧氧化镁8kg(轻烧氧化镁中氧化镁含量为85%,活性氧化镁含量为80%,轻烧氧化镁粉末细度为50目)、四硼酸钠1.5kg、木质素磺酸钠0.1kg、碳酸钙镁2kg和普通面粉11kg充分搅拌均匀,得到阻燃脲醛胶。
(3)将步骤(2)所得到的阻燃脲醛胶通过双面涂胶机对经干燥处理的厚度为2.8mm的杨木单板进行双面常温上胶,布胶量为580g/m2,将一张布胶后的杨木单板(即芯板)与两张未涂胶的单板进行拼板,在室温条件下,经冷压机压制2.5h,保持单位压力1MPa后,送至热压机压制15min,单位压力1.8MPa,温度120℃后,得到难燃胶合板。
对比例1
一种具有阻燃性能的胶合板的制备方法,步骤为:
(1)取35kg聚磷酸铵、30kg普通面粉和100kg脲醛胶混合并搅拌均匀,得到阻燃胶;
(2)将步骤(1)所得到的阻燃脲醛胶通过双面涂胶机对经干燥处理的厚度为2.8mm的杨木单板进行双面常温上胶,布胶量为540g/m2,将一张布胶后的杨木单板(即芯板)与两张未涂胶的单板进行拼板,在室温条件下,经冷压机压制3h,保持单位压力1.5MPa后,送至热压机压制20min,单位压力2MPa,温度120℃后,得到难燃胶合板。
对比例2
一种具有阻燃性能的胶合板的制备方法,步骤为:
(1)取七水合硫酸镁4kg、无水柠檬酸0.04kg和硫酸铵0.5kg加入3kg水,加热60℃搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将溶液Ⅰ倒入37kg的脲醛胶中,随后加入轻烧氧化镁6.5kg(轻烧氧化镁中氧化镁含量为85%,活性氧化镁含量为70%,轻烧氧化镁粉末细度为500目)、木质素磺酸钠0.06kg、碳酸钙镁1.5kg和普通面粉11kg充分搅拌均匀,得到阻燃脲醛胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得到的阻燃脲醛胶通过双面涂胶机对经干燥处理的厚度为2.8mm的杨木单板进行双面常温上胶,布胶量为540g/m2,将一张布胶后的杨木单板(即芯板)与两张未涂胶的单板进行拼板,在室温条件下,经冷压机压制2h,保持单位压力1MPa后,送至热压机压制20min,单位压力2MPa,温度120℃后,得到难燃胶合板。
对比例3
一种具有阻燃性能的胶合板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取七水合硫酸镁4kg、无水柠檬酸0.04kg和硫酸铵0.5kg加入3kg水,加热60℃搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将溶液Ⅰ倒入37kg的脲醛胶中,随后加入轻烧氧化镁6.5kg(轻烧氧化镁中氧化镁含量为85%,活性氧化镁含量为50%,轻烧氧化镁粉末细度200目)、四硼酸钠1.25kg、木质素磺酸钠0.06kg、碳酸钙镁1.5kg和普通面粉11kg充分搅拌均匀,得到阻燃脲醛胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得到的阻燃脲醛胶通过双面涂胶机对经干燥处理的厚度为2.8mm的杨木单板进行双面常温上胶,布胶量为540g/m2,将一张布胶后的杨木单板(即芯板)与两张未涂胶的单板进行拼板,在室温条件下,经冷压机压制4h,保持单位压力1.5MPa后,送至热压机压制20min,单位压力2MPa,温度120℃后,得到难燃胶合板。
对比例4
一种具有阻燃性能的胶合板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取七水合硫酸镁4kg、无水柠檬酸0.04kg和硫酸铵0.5kg加入3kg水,加热60℃搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将溶液Ⅰ倒入37kg的脲醛胶中,随后加入轻烧氧化镁6.5kg(轻烧氧化镁中氧化镁含量为85%,活性氧化镁含量为70%,粉末细度为500目)、四硼酸钠1.25kg、木质素磺酸钠0.06kg和普通面粉11kg充分搅拌均匀,得到阻燃脲醛胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得到的阻燃脲醛胶通过双面涂胶机对经干燥处理的厚度为2.8mm的杨木单板进行双面常温上胶,布胶量为540g/m2,将一张布胶后的杨木单板(即芯板)与两张未涂胶的单板进行拼板,在室温条件下,经冷压机压制1h,保持单位压力1.5MPa后,送至热压机压制20min,单位压力2MPa,温度120℃后,得到难燃胶合板。
对比例5
一种具有阻燃性能的胶合板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取七水合硫酸镁4kg、无水柠檬酸0.04kg和硫酸铵0.5kg加入3kg水,加热60℃搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将溶液Ⅰ倒入37kg的脲醛胶中,随后加入轻烧氧化镁6.5kg(轻烧氧化镁中氧化镁含量为85%,活性氧化镁含量为70%,粉末细度为500目)、四硼酸钠1.25kg、木质素磺酸钠0.06kg、碳酸钙镁1.5kg和普通面粉11kg充分搅拌均匀,得到阻燃脲醛胶;
(3)将步骤(2)所得到的阻燃脲醛胶通过双面涂胶机对经干燥处理的厚度为2.8mm的杨木单板进行双面常温上胶,布胶量为540g/m2,将一张布胶后的杨木单板(即芯板)与两张未涂胶的单板进行拼板,在室温条件下,经冷压机压制30min,保持单位压力0.5MPa后,送至热压机压制10min,单位压力1.5MPa,温度90℃后,得到难燃胶合板。
将实施例1-3和对比例1-5所得的难燃胶合板单体燃烧测试(GB/T20284-2006)和极限氧指数测试(GB/T 2406-2009),结果表示如表1所示。
表1实施例1-3,对比例1-5所得胶合板测试结果
由表1的测试结果可以得出实施例1-3所得到的胶合板阻燃性能均可达到国标要求的B1-B等级,将实施例1与对比例1-5燃烧性能检测结果可以得出,四硼酸钠加入可以提升阻燃胶的整体阻燃性能、氧化镁的活性不够会影响氢氧化镁的形成,从而对阻燃效果产品一定的影响,碳酸钙镁在一定程度上可以提高阻燃胶的耐火性。对比例2中无四硼酸钠后单体燃烧性能显著下降;与对比例4相比,本申请实施例中碳酸钙镁的加入有助于提高阻燃性能。
将实施例1-3和对比例1-5所得的难燃胶合板胶合强度测试(GB/T17657-2013),结果表示如表2所示。
表2实施例1-3,对比例1-5所得难燃胶合板胶合强度测试结果
由表2胶合强度检测结果可以看出,对比例1的胶合强度无法达标,这是因为可溶性阻燃剂与脲胶混合经过冷压机和热压机的压制制成难燃胶合板后,脲胶内部的可溶性阻燃剂会在水分挥发完成后反结晶导致脲胶失去原有在单板上的粘合性,而且此类阻燃剂经过在空气中尤其是潮湿环境下会流失,会对胶合板的胶合性能和阻燃性能都产生较大不利影响,一些廉价的阻燃剂流失后还会对金属件产生强烈的腐蚀性,严重危害建筑安全。对比例3与对比例5中导致胶合强度不合格的主要问题是对比例3中的活性氧化镁含量不达标,其形成的镁质凝胶体系强度低在单板之间起到的粘合作用不强,对比例3中使用常规活性氧化镁含量不仅影响阻燃性能,同时影响胶合性能;而对比例5中由于冷压与热压的条件不达标,胶水无法充分固化反应,因此胶合强度无法达标。
Claims (10)
1.一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,按质量份数计,包括如下组分:
所述轻烧氧化镁为菱镁矿在400℃-600℃温度条件下煅烧而成,该轻烧氧化镁中氧化镁含量不低于85%,其中活性氧化镁粉末含量不低于70%,所述轻烧氧化镁粉末细度为50目-500目。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述缓凝剂选自无水柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、草酸、磷酸中的任意一种以上混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述硼系阻燃剂为四硼酸钠。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述减水剂为木质素磺酸钠。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于脲醛胶的无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述调和剂选自硫酸铵、柠檬酸钾中任意一种或两种混合。
6.一种包含权利要求1至5任一项所述无卤阻燃剂的阻燃脲醛胶,其特征在于,由上述无卤阻燃剂与脲醛胶、普通面粉充分搅拌均匀得到,其中脲醛胶质量份数为300-500份,普通面粉的质量份数为80-150份,两者质量份数基准与上述无卤阻燃剂中各组分质量份数基准一致。
7.一种权利要求6所述所述阻燃脲醛胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)将七水合硫酸镁、缓凝剂、调和剂、水混合后进行加热至50-70℃,加速晶体溶于水中,直至完全溶解,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将溶液Ⅰ倒入脲醛胶中,随后加入轻烧氧化镁、四硼酸钠、木质素磺酸钠、碳酸钙镁和普通面粉充分搅拌均匀,得到所述阻燃脲醛胶。
8.一种采用权利要求6所述阻燃脲醛胶的难燃胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:采用双面涂胶机将上述脲醛胶对芯板进行双面涂胶,单板不涂胶,单板作为胶合板的两侧外表面,中间若干单板和涂胶的芯板依次拼板,相同板材不接触,拼板方向为垂直方向,再依次经冷压机和热压机的压制使胶水完全固化,制成所述难燃胶合板;
所述所冷压机压制时间为1-4h,单位压力0.8-1.5Mpa;热压机压制条件为单位压力1.5~2MPa,热压温度120℃,热压时间12~20min。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述阻燃脲醛胶的固含量为45%-55%。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述芯板单面施胶量为500-580g/m2,芯板两面施胶量相同。
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