CN116569994A - Algae-derived bivalve shellfish starter feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Algae-derived bivalve shellfish starter feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000091751 Chaetoceros muellerii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 101710121765 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 108010014251 Muramidase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 102000016943 Muramidase Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 108010062010 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229960000274 lysozyme Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 235000010335 lysozyme Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 pectase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001290610 Abildgaardia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010059820 Polygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001038563 Pseudostellaria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010093305 exopolygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 12
- 241000392375 Sinonovacula constricta Species 0.000 description 12
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- 241000206751 Chrysophyceae Species 0.000 description 11
- 241000199914 Dinophyceae Species 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an algae bivalve starter feed, which comprises the following steps: s1: mixing Chaetoceros muelleri, pseudomicro-sea chain algae and chlorella mud, adding cellulase, xylanase, pectase, lysozyme and water, stirring the mixture at room temperature for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis algae solution, and carrying out high-pressure homogenization treatment on the enzymolysis algae solution to obtain a core material solution; mixing wall material casein and dextrin, and dissolving in water to obtain wall material solution; s2: mixing the core material solution and the wall material solution, adding water, adding an emulsifying agent into the solution to form stable emulsion, and then performing spray drying treatment to obtain microcapsules, and preserving after drying treatment to obtain the feed. The feed prepared by the method can meet the nutritional requirements of bivalve larvae, can be ingested by the larvae, can be stably suspended in water, has low nutrition dissolution loss, and is easy to digest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an algae-derived bivalve shellfish starter feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The digestive system of bivalve larvae at the opening stage is not completely developed, and the requirements on the physicochemical properties of baits are high, so that the nutritional composition meets the growth and development requirements of the shellfish, and the ingestion, digestion and utilization of the shellfish are facilitated. Although many marine diatoms and golden algae contain nutrients required by shellfish growth and development, are high-quality baits for shellfish cultivation, only golden algae are currently used as baits for the initial stage of bivalve shellfish. However, the golden algae is easy to be polluted by other miscellaneous algae in the culture process, and the culture process is greatly influenced by environmental conditions, so that the yield is extremely unstable. Therefore, during the opening period of bivalve shellfish, another opening feed is needed to provide nutrition to shellfish when golden algae is deficient or supplied.
The prior bivalve shellfish starter feed technology is blank. The open feed and shellfish feed of fish, shrimp, crab, sea cucumber and the like, which are related to the current report or commercial products, are mostly mixed by fish meal, bean pulp or marine algae powder and the like, and the nutritional composition of the open feed and shellfish feed is greatly different from the nutritional requirement of the 'microalgae feeding' of bivalve shellfish. More mainly, the bivalve shellfish is filter feeding, and the opening stage has special requirements on the grain size of the feed, the suspension stability in water, the digestibility and the like. However, no open feed which can meet the nutritional requirements of bivalve larvae, can be ingested by the larvae, can stably suspend in water, has low nutrition dissolution loss and is easy to digest by the bivalve larvae exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of algae bivalve starter feed, so as to solve the problems of unstable yield and great environmental influence of the conventional preparation method.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of algae bivalve shellfish starter feed, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing Chaetoceros muelleri, pseudomicro-sea chain algae and chlorella mud, adding cellulase, xylanase, pectase, lysozyme and water to obtain a mixture, stirring the mixture at room temperature for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis algae solution, and carrying out high-pressure homogenization treatment on the enzymolysis algae solution to obtain a core material solution;
mixing wall material casein and dextrin, and dissolving in water to obtain wall material solution;
s2: mixing the core material solution and the wall material solution prepared in the step S1, adding water, controlling the total mass of solids in the solution to be 25-35%, adding an emulsifying agent into the solution, enabling the solution to start an emulsification reaction, forming stable emulsion, performing spray drying treatment to obtain microcapsules, and preserving after drying treatment to obtain the algae-derived bivalve shellfish open feed.
In the preferred scheme, in the step S1, the mass ratio of the Chaetoceros muelleri, the pseudomicrocystis hainanensis and the chlorella mud is (30-35): (30-35): (30-35).
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S1, the addition amounts of the cellulase, xylanase, pectinase and lysozyme are all 300UI/g.
Preferably, in the step S1, the stirring conditions are as follows: stirring is carried out for 3 hours at pH 7.
Preferably, in the step S1, the number of times of high-pressure homogenization is 4 to 6, the time of each high-pressure homogenization is 15 minutes, and the homogenization pressure is 90MPa.
In the preferred scheme, in the step S1, the mass ratio of the wall material casein to the dextrin is (4-3): 1.
In a preferable embodiment, in the step S2, the mass ratio of the core material solution to the wall material solution is (3-2): 1, and the total mass of the solid matter is 30%.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S2, the adding amount of the emulsifying agent is 0.5% of the total mass of the solution, and the emulsifying time is 30min.
Preferably, in the step S2, the spray drying process conditions are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 105-130 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the feeding speed is 500-1000 mL/h; the conditions for storing after the drying treatment are as follows: oven dried at 60℃for 3 hours and stored in a-20℃refrigerator.
The invention aims to solve the other technical problem of providing the algae-derived bivalve shellfish opening feed to solve the problem that the particle size, the suspension stability in water and the digestibility of the conventional feed cannot meet the requirements of bivalve shellfish at the opening stage.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an algae-derived bivalve shellfish starter feed, which is prepared by the preparation method, and is microcapsule feed comprising a core material and a wall material, wherein the core material is bait microalgae for removing cell walls, and the wall material is a mixture of wall material casein and dextrin.
According to the algae-derived bivalve shellfish starter feed, the cell walls of bait microalgae are removed, and the nutrition proportion and activity of high-quality bait microalgae cells are reserved, so that the prepared starter feed is suitable for young Bei Sheshi and digestion.
The microcapsule feed provided by the invention has small particle size (the median of the particle size is smaller than 5 mu m), the sedimentation rate in 1% sodium chloride aqueous solution is lower than 0.5mm/s, and the nitrogen retention rate in 2h in 1% sodium chloride aqueous solution is higher than 95%, so that the prepared microcapsule feed can be utilized by young Bei Sheshi and digestion, and the pollution of nutrient substances to water quality can be reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The algae-derived bivalve shellfish starter feed prepared by the invention overcomes the problem that the existing bivalve shellfish starter feed/bait is incomplete in nutrition according to the nutrition requirement of shellfish. On one hand, the prior art of bivalve shellfish open feed is not available, and the prior art of open feed such as fish, shrimp, crab and sea cucumber is far away from the ingestion characteristics and nutrition requirements of bivalve shellfish; on the other hand, the currently commonly used initial bait golden algae has single nutrition. Numerous studies have found that mixed algae have better bait effects on shellfish than single algae. The invention not only makes up the blank of the bivalve shellfish starter feed, but also makes up the defect of the existing starter feed;
(2) The preparation method of the algae bivalve shellfish open feed adopts a nutrition antagonistic substance (cell wall) removal technology and low-temperature film-coating granulation, so that the influence of undigested cell walls in raw materials on young shellfish is effectively avoided, and meanwhile, active nutrient substances of algae are kept as far as possible without inactivation, and the problems are not considered in the related patent technology of the shellfish feed;
(3) According to shellfish ingestion physiology, the algae bivalve shellfish open feed prepared by the method is thinner in particle size and higher in stability in water, is suitable for bivalve shellfish filter feeding and digestion and utilization, and overcomes the defects that the open feed prepared by the prior patent technology cannot stably suspend in water and is large in particle size and cannot be efficiently filtered by shellfish.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microcapsule particle size distribution plot;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of microcapsules.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made clearly and fully, and it is apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of an algae bivalve starter feed, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing Chaetoceros muelleri, pseudomicro-sea chain algae and chlorella mud, adding cellulase, xylanase, pectase, lysozyme and water to obtain a mixture, stirring the mixture at room temperature for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis algae solution, and carrying out high-pressure homogenization treatment on the enzymolysis algae solution to obtain a core material solution;
mixing wall material casein and dextrin, and dissolving in water to obtain wall material solution;
s2: mixing the core material solution and the wall material solution prepared in the step S1, adding water, controlling the total mass of solids in the solution to be 25-35%, adding an emulsifying agent into the solution, enabling the solution to start an emulsification reaction, forming stable emulsion, performing spray drying treatment to obtain microcapsules, and preserving after drying treatment to obtain the algae-derived bivalve shellfish open feed.
Preferably, in the step S1, the mass ratio of the Chaetoceros muelleri, the pseudomicrocystis hainanensis and the chlorella mud is (30-35): (30-35): (30-35).
Preferably, in the step S1, the addition amounts of the cellulase, xylanase, pectinase and lysozyme are all 300UI/g.
Preferably, in the step S1, the stirring conditions are as follows: stirring is carried out for 3 hours at pH 7.
Preferably, in the step S1, the number of times of high-pressure homogenization is 4 to 6, the time of each high-pressure homogenization is 15 minutes, and the homogenization pressure is 90MPa.
Preferably, in the step S1, the mass ratio of the wall casein to the dextrin is (4-3): 1.
Preferably, in the step S2, the mass ratio of the core material solution to the wall material solution is (3-2) 1, and the total mass of the solid matter is 30%.
Preferably, in the step S2, the adding amount of the emulsifying agent is 0.5% of the total mass of the solution, and the emulsifying time is 30min.
Preferably, in the step S2, the conditions of the spray drying process are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 105-130 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the feeding speed is 500-1000 mL/h; the conditions for storing after the drying treatment are as follows: oven dried at 60℃for 3 hours and stored in a-20℃refrigerator.
The invention provides an algae bivalve shellfish starter feed, which is prepared by the preparation method, wherein the feed is a microcapsule feed comprising a core material and a wall material, the core material is a bait microalgae for removing cell walls, and the wall material is a mixture of wall material casein and dextrin.
The following describes the technical scheme of the invention in combination with specific data:
example 1:
s1, mixing 35% of Chaetoceros muelleri, 35% of pseudomicrocystis hainanensis and 30% of chlorella mud, adding 300UI/g of cellulase, xylanase, pectase and lysozyme, adding a proper amount of water, and stirring and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at room temperature and pH=7. Homogenizing the enzymolysis algae liquid under high pressure at 90MPa for 5 times each for 15 minutes to obtain core material solution.
Wall casein and dextrin are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:1, mixing and completely dissolving in a proper amount of water;
s2: the core material solution and the wall material solution are mixed according to the solid mass ratio of 3:1, adding a proper amount of water to make the total mass of solid matters in the solution be 30%, adding 0.5% of emulsifying agent, emulsifying for 30min by a high-shear emulsifying device to form stable emulsion, and then spray drying. The spray drying condition (parameter) is that the air inlet temperature is 105 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 50 ℃, the feeding speed is 800mL/h, and the formed microcapsule is stored in a refrigerator at-20 ℃ after being dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 3 hours, so that the algae-derived bivalve shellfish open feed is obtained.
The prepared microcapsule feed has the advantages of a median particle size of 4 microns (figure 1), regular and uniform morphology (figure 2), no adhesion phenomenon, a sedimentation rate of 0.42mm/s in a 1% sodium chloride aqueous solution and a nitrogen retention rate of 97% in 2h in the 1% sodium chloride aqueous solution. The prepared microcapsule has small particle size, is suitable for shellfish opening, has good stability in water and can reduce water pollution.
Example 2:
example 2 is similar to example 1, except that in step S1, the addition ratio of Chaetoceros muelleri, pseudostellaria sedge and Chlorella mud is 30:30:30, and the number of homogenization is 4; in step S2, the total mass of solids was 25% and the feed rate was 500mL/h.
Example 3:
example 3 is similar to example 1, except that in step S1, the addition ratio of Chaetoceros muelleri, pseudostellaria sedge and Chlorella mud is 30:30:35, and the number of homogenization is 6 times; in the step S2, the total mass of the solid matters is 35%, the feeding speed is 1000mL/h, the air inlet temperature is 130 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 60 ℃.
The algal bivalve starter feed prepared in example 1 was actually tested, and the procedure and results of the test were as follows:
effect of microcapsule feeds prepared in example 1 on opening of clams
The cultivation system used: a cylindrical barrel with the bottom diameter of 50cm and the height of 80cm is cultivated in 100L cultivation water body, the initial shell length is 79+/-7 mu m, 0.5g of the D-type panosoma larva is added, three parallel groups are adopted, five treatments ((1) microcapsules are microcapsule feeds prepared by spray drying after cell walls are removed through enzymolysis of living diatom in example 1, (2) dinoflagellates such as ball and the like, a bivalve shellfish initial live feed without cell walls belongs to positive control, (3) the microcapsules and the dinoflagellates such as ball are feeds prepared by mixing the microcapsule feeds and the live dinoflagellates according to the mass ratio of 1:1, (4) the algae mud mixture is formed by mixing 35% of Chaetoceros muelleri, 35% of pseudo microcystis muelleri and 30% of microcystis mud, and starvation treatment is carried out on the algae mud without cell walls removed through enzymolysis in example 1, and the method belongs to negative control. During the cultivation period, the running water system is opened, the water temperature is 24-27 ℃, the salinity is 11-13 per mill, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is maintained to be more than 5mg/L by inflating, and each bait is fed for 3 times (12 hours and 1 time), and the feeding amount is close to satiation feeding. After 36 hours, the shell length (μm) of clams was measured by microscopy, and survival rate (% = number of clams living in visual field/total number of clams 100) and metamorphosis rate (% = number of clams converted from D-larvae to planktonic stage/total number of clams 100) were determined. The results are shown in Table 1. The results show that starvation treatment causes the growth of clams to be stopped, the metamorphosis rate is low and the death rate is high. When the mixed algae mud with cell walls is used as the initial bait, the survival rate of the clams is only 89 percent, the metamorphosis rate is 53 percent, and the initial effect is far lower than that of the living golden algae bait. The survival rate of the clams after the dinoflagellates such as the globes and the like are fed is 98.3 percent, and the metamorphosis rate is 98.5 percent. The algae microcapsule prepared by removing the cell wall through enzymolysis has good opening effect, and the survival rate and the metamorphosis rate of clams are 98.3 percent. When the microcapsule is used to replace 50% of live golden algae bait, the growth and metamorphosis of the clams can be improved, the survival rate reaches 99.1%, and the metamorphosis rate reaches 99.6%. These results demonstrate the feasibility of algae-derived microcapsules replacing golden algae as a clam-seedling starter bait.
TABLE 1 Effect of different baits on growth, survival and metamorphosis of clams
Practical tests of the opening effect of the microcapsule feed prepared in example 1 on Sinonovacula constricta lamarck have also further demonstrated that the invention
The cultivation system of the embodiment comprises: a cylindrical barrel with the bottom diameter of 50cm and the height of 80cm is used for culturing 0.6g of Sinonovacula Constricta D-type panoxama in 100L culture water body, three parallel groups are used for five treatments ((1) microcapsules, which are microcapsule feeds prepared by spray drying after cell walls are removed by enzymolysis of living diatom in example 1, (2) dinoflagellates such as chlorella, which are bivalve initial living feeds without cell walls, and belong to positive control, (3) microcapsules and dinoflagellates such as dinoflagellates, which are mixed feeds of microcapsule feeds and living dinoflagellates according to the mass ratio of 1:1, (4) a mixture of algae mud, which is 35% Chaetoceros muelleri, 35% pseudo-micro Chaetoceros and 30% chlorella mud, are mixed, which is not subjected to enzymolysis to cell wall removal in example 1, (5) starvation treatment, and belong to negative control). During cultivation, the running water system is opened, the water temperature is 22-24 ℃, the salinity is 11-13 per mill, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is maintained to be more than 5mg/L by aeration, and each bait is fed for 3 times (12 hours and 1 time) and fed in a satiating way. The shell length (μm) of sinonovacula constricta was measured by microscopy and survival rate (% = number of surviving sinonovacula constricta 1/total number of sinonovacula constricta 100) and allergy rate (% = number of converting D-larvae into planktonic phase/total number of sinonovacula constricta 100) were determined. The results are shown in Table 2. The results show that when the mixed algae mud with cell walls is used as the initial bait, the survival rate of sinonovacula constricta seedlings is only 73%, the metamorphosis rate is 43%, and the initial effect is far lower than that of the live golden algae bait. The survival rate of sinonovacula constricta seedlings after feeding the dinoflagellates such as the dinoflagellates is 99 percent, and the metamorphosis rate is 99.1 percent.
The algae microcapsule prepared by removing the cell wall through enzymolysis has good opening effect, the survival rate of sinonovacula constricta is 97.3%, and the metamorphosis rate is 97.4%. When 50% of the live golden algae bait is replaced by the microcapsule, the survival rate of the sinonovacula constricta lamarck reaches 99%, and the metamorphosis rate reaches 99.1%. These results also demonstrate the feasibility of algae derived microcapsules as a starting bait for Sinonovacula constricta seedlings instead of golden algae.
TABLE 2 influence of different baits on Sinonovacula constricta growth, survival and allergy
The feed prepared by the preparation method of the algae-derived bivalve shellfish starter feed in the feed of the embodiment 1 can meet the nutritional requirements of bivalve shellfish larvae, can be ingested by the larvae, can stably suspend in water, has low nutrition dissolution loss, and is easy to digest.
Although the present disclosure is described above, the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the algae bivalve shellfish starter feed is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: mixing Chaetoceros muelleri, pseudomicro-sea chain algae and chlorella mud, adding cellulase, xylanase, pectase, lysozyme and water to obtain a mixture, stirring the mixture at room temperature for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis algae solution, and carrying out high-pressure homogenization treatment on the enzymolysis algae solution to obtain a core material solution;
mixing wall material casein and dextrin, and dissolving in water to obtain wall material solution;
s2: mixing the core material solution and the wall material solution prepared in the step S1, adding water, controlling the total mass of solids in the solution to be 25-35%, adding an emulsifying agent into the solution, enabling the solution to start an emulsification reaction, forming stable emulsion, performing spray drying treatment to obtain microcapsules, and preserving after drying treatment to obtain the algae-derived bivalve shellfish open feed.
2. The method for preparing the algae bivalve starter feed according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the mass ratio of Chaetoceros muelleri, pseudostellaria sedge and Chlorella mud is (30-35): (30-35): (30-35).
3. The method for preparing the algae bivalve starter feed according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the addition amount of the cellulase, xylanase, pectinase and lysozyme is 300UI/g.
4. The method for preparing the algae bivalve starter feed according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the stirring conditions are as follows: stirring is carried out for 3 hours at pH 7.
5. The method for preparing the algae bivalve starter feed according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the times of high-pressure homogenization are 4-6 times, the time of each high-pressure homogenization is 15 minutes, and the homogenization pressure is 90MPa.
6. The method for preparing the algae bivalve starter feed according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the mass ratio of the wall material casein to the dextrin is (4-3): 1.
7. The method for preparing the algae bivalve starter feed according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the mass ratio of the core material solution to the wall material solution is (3-2) 1, and the total mass of the solid matters is 30%.
8. The method for preparing the algae bivalve starter feed according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the addition amount of the emulsifying agent is 0.5% of the total mass of the solution, and the emulsifying time is 30min.
9. The method for preparing the algae bivalve starter feed according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the conditions of the spray drying process are as follows: the air inlet temperature is 105-130 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the feeding speed is 500-1000 mL/h; the conditions for storing after the drying treatment are as follows: oven dried at 60℃for 3 hours and stored in a-20℃refrigerator.
10. An algae-derived bivalve shellfish starter feed, characterized in that the feed is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9, and the feed is a microcapsule feed comprising a core material and a wall material, wherein the core material is a bait microalgae for removing cell walls, and the wall material is a mixture of wall material casein and dextrin.
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