CN116556921A - Pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method - Google Patents

Pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116556921A
CN116556921A CN202310509438.1A CN202310509438A CN116556921A CN 116556921 A CN116556921 A CN 116556921A CN 202310509438 A CN202310509438 A CN 202310509438A CN 116556921 A CN116556921 A CN 116556921A
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drilling
coal seam
extraction
zone
gas
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Inventor
李艳奎
赵涛
黄玉玺
吴世跃
张兴华
张家行
李豪君
邓春生
乔晓光
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006Production of coal-bed methane
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/005Testing the nature of borehole walls or the formation by using drilling mud or cutting data
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/001Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10Geothermal energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground coal mine drilling, and particularly relates to a pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method. Comprising the following steps: digging a drilling site on the side of a large roadway of a mining area, which is close to a coal body, and constructing a coal seam drilling hole, a caving belt lower drilling hole and a fracture belt drilling hole in the drilling site at one time before digging a roadway on a working face; the coal seam drilling is used for detecting the height of the top and bottom plates of the coal seam, gas extraction, pressure relief and drilling cuttings amount monitoring in the tunneling and stoping period, and gas extraction is carried out by connecting the drilling holes to a drainage pipeline; drilling holes at the lower part of the caving belt, and performing gas extraction through an extraction pipeline, wherein the drilling holes are used for gas extraction in a goaf after the gas extraction of the coal seam and the position determination of a coal seam roof after the stoping of a working face; and the fracture zone is drilled and used for gas extraction of the fracture zone after the working face extraction, and the gas is merged into an extraction pipeline. According to the invention, the pressure of the coal bed is relieved in advance, the drilling extraction period is prolonged, the positions of the top and bottom plates of the coal bed are monitored, and the drilling utilization rate is improved to the greatest extent.

Description

Pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground coal mine drilling, and particularly relates to a pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method.
Background
Coal is the largest disposable energy consumption in China, and occupies about 60 percent of all energy consumption, and the condition that the coal occupies the energy main body in a long time is not changed.
As the depth of extraction increases and the intensity of extraction increases, the frequency of gas emission and coal mine dynamics increases further. In recent years, coal and gas outburst, rock burst, roof collapse and other coal and rock dynamic disaster accidents become accidents with the largest number of casualties, the sudden nature and the extremely strong damage of the accidents occur, and great shadows are brought to coal mine safety production and personnel and property, so that the efficient safety production of the coal mine is severely restricted.
At present, a common treatment method aiming at coal-rock gas dynamic disasters is to construct drilling holes, and the positions and arrangement modes of the drilling holes have the greatest influence on the extraction and pressure relief effects of the drilling holes. The common drilling positions mainly comprise coal seam drilling and fracture zone drilling, the drilling arrangement mode comprises bedding drilling and layer penetrating drilling, and in addition, drilling holes with different functions in different periods are formed. However, the problem of shortage of underground mining succession of the coal mine is limited, and the current gas extraction modes adopt multiple modes for gas extraction at the same time, but coordination among various extraction drilling holes is easy to cause extraction blank areas.
On the basis of further revealing the dynamic disaster rule of the coal and rock, the advanced prevention and control point scientific method is generated by applying the rule and accident principle, and particularly, the invention designs the inverted pi-shaped directional drilling arrangement method for relieving the mining and taking over tension, long drilling working period, covering the whole tunneling and extraction working period and realizing the integration of the three-dimensional dynamic disaster of the coal and rock in space-time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method, comprising: a drilling site is dug at the side of a coal body of a large roadway of a mining area, a coal seam drilling hole, a caving zone lower drilling hole and a fracture zone drilling hole are constructed in the drilling site at one time before the roadway of a working face is dug, and terminal holes of the coal seam drilling hole, the caving zone lower drilling hole and the fracture zone drilling hole are respectively positioned in the coal seam, the caving zone lower part and the fracture zone;
the coal seam drilling is used for detecting the height of the top and bottom plates of the coal seam, gas extraction, pressure relief and drilling cuttings amount monitoring in the tunneling and stoping period, and gas extraction is carried out by connecting the drilling holes to a drainage pipeline;
drilling holes at the lower part of the caving belt, and performing gas extraction through an extraction pipeline, wherein the drilling holes are used for gas extraction in a goaf after the gas extraction of the coal seam and the position determination of a coal seam roof after the stoping of a working face;
and the fracture zone is drilled and used for gas extraction of the fracture zone after the working face extraction, and the gas is merged into an extraction pipeline.
In some embodiments, the coal seam drilling is in the horizontal direction, the drilling interval is set to be twice the effective radius of gas extraction of the drilling, and the drilling is arranged between the two sides of the roadway in a range of 20m; in the vertical direction, if the coal seam is thinner, the coal seam drilling hole is arranged in the middle of the coal seam; if the thickness of the coal bed is large, the coal bed drilling holes are provided with an upper row of drilling holes and a lower row of drilling holes.
In some embodiments, the lower perforated active drainage area of the caving zone is in contact with the present coal seam.
In some embodiments, the effective extraction area is calculated according to the following formula:
1) If the roof of the coal seam does not contain gas,
wherein c is the height of the lower part of the landing strip; r is the borehole diameter;
2) If the roof of the coal seam contains gas,
wherein ,c' is the height of the lower part of the ribbon; d is the distance between the drilling hole and the coal seam roof, and d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 5r.
In some embodiments, the pitch of the lower drill holes of the caving belt is set to be 5m in the horizontal direction, the lower drill holes of the caving belt are arranged between the range of 20m at two sides of the roadway, and if the coal seam is thinner, the lower drill holes of the caving belt are constructed between the range of 10m at two sides of the roadway;
and the vertical direction is arranged at the lower part of the caving belt, and the drilling distance of the lower part of the caving belt from the coal seam roof is less than or equal to 5 times of the drilling diameter.
In some embodiments, the fracture zone boreholes are vertically disposed between the landing zone and the fracture zone height at a vertical spacing of 5-20 m; and in the horizontal direction, the projection of the fracture zone drilling hole in the coal seam is gradually increased from the center line of the roadway, and the horizontal distance between the drilling holes is 5-25 m.
In some embodiments, the ribbon height is calculated by the following formula:
wherein a is the height of the falling zone; h is the coal seam mining height; kp is the coefficient of expansion of the caving rock; alpha is the inclination angle of the coal seam.
In some embodiments, the fracture zone height is calculated by the following formula:
wherein b is the maximum height of the fracture zone; h is the coal seam mining height.
In some embodiments, the present coal seam borehole, the caving zone lower borehole, and the fracture zone borehole are disposed in an inverted "pi" configuration at the target horizon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention aims at the current high-efficiency and intelligent mine construction requirement, and the 'pressure relief-extraction-monitoring' integrated directional drilling arrangement method is a more convenient and simple drilling arrangement mode. The drilling arrangement method is used for covering the whole time period of roadway tunneling and working face extraction by taking the advantages of multi-horizontal branch wells on the ground and directional drilling in the coal mine into consideration, and has the functions of pressure release, gas extraction, drilling cuttings quantity monitoring, top and bottom plate position detection and the like.
The invention directly comes from the important requirements of actual coal mine safety production, directly serves the coal mine safety production, and meets the market requirements of coal mine industry and coal mine safety. The coal mine and coal rock dynamic disaster accidents have the characteristics of potential and sudden, and often cause larger damage in a shorter time, which is a key point and a difficult problem facing the daily production of the coal mine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inverted pi-shaped directional drilling arrangement method in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the left side of the borehole, taken along section A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the front view of the borehole, taken along section B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the space of the inverted pi-shaped directional drilling and goaf of the face during the stoping period of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a fracture zone; 2-upper part of the landing belt; 3-falling belt lower part; 4-the coal seam; 5-a bottom plate; 6-1 drill sites; 7-an air inlet roadway; 8-working surface; 9-a hydraulic bracket; 10-goaf; 11-drilling a fracture zone; 12-drilling the lower part of the caving belt; 13-drilling the coal seam; 14-2 drill sites; 15-return air tunnel; 16-an air inlet tunnel of the next working face; 17-cutting eyes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described by the following detailed description with reference to the drawings.
A 'pressure relief-extraction-monitoring' integrated directional drilling arrangement method comprises the steps of digging a drilling site 6 on a coal body side of a large roadway in a mining area, and constructing a coal seam drilling hole 13, a caving zone lower drilling hole 12 and a fracture zone drilling hole 11 in the drilling site at one time before digging a working face roadway, wherein drilling terminal holes are respectively positioned in the coal seam 4, the caving zone lower part 3 and the fracture zone 1; the construction is carried out by means of a drilling machine with directional action such as a kilometer drilling machine.
The extraction drilling holes are as follows:
(1) The coal seam drilling 13 is used for detecting the height of the top and bottom plates of the coal seam, gas extraction, pressure relief and drilling cuttings amount monitoring in the tunneling and stoping period, and is connected to a drainage pipeline for gas extraction.
(2) The drill hole 12 at the bottom of the caving zone is used for gas extraction in the goaf after the gas in the coal bed is pre-extracted and the working face is extracted, and the position of the top plate of the coal bed is determined, so that the gas extraction is carried out through an extraction pipeline.
(3) The fracture zone drilling hole 11 is used for gas extraction of the fracture zone after working face extraction, and the gas is merged into an extraction pipeline.
And the target layers of the main holes are inverted pi-shaped, the drilling holes in the coal seam control the roadway and the periphery, and the drilling holes at the lower part of the caving zone and the drilling holes in the fracture zone are outwards diffused.
1) This coal seam drilling arrangement:
the coal seam drilling 13 is arranged to control the tunneling section of a roadway and the gas in two sides of the roadway. According to the measurement of the effective radius of gas extraction of the kilometer drill hole, and the safety coefficient is reserved, the effective radius of gas extraction of the kilometer drill hole is set to be 2.5m. In the horizontal direction, the drill hole pitch was set to 5m, and the drill holes were arranged between the ranges of 20m on both sides of the roadway. In the vertical direction, if the thickness of the coal seam is less than 4m, the drill hole is arranged in the middle of the coal seam; if the thickness of the coal seam is greater than 4m, two rows of holes are arranged.
2) Landing strip lower drilling arrangement:
the lower drill hole 12 of the caving zone requires pre-extraction of gas from the coal seam prior to the entry of the gateway, so that the effective extraction area of the drill hole must be in contact with the coal seam. The rock permeability of the coal seam roof is far smaller than the coal seam permeability, and the effective radius of gas extraction of corresponding holes in the rock stratum is also smaller. According to the pressure relief ring theory, the pressure relief range around the round hole is 3-5 times of the diameter of the drilled hole. Therefore, the effective extraction range when the coal seam gas is pre-extracted by taking the area with the diameter which is 5 times of the drilling diameter above the coal seam roof as the rock stratum drilling hole is called as the lower part of the caving zone, and the coal seam gas can be pre-extracted by the rock stratum drilling hole arranged in the range. The range of which is shown in the following formula,
wherein c is the height of the lower part of the falling belt, m; r is the borehole diameter, m.
If the roof of the coal seam contains gas, the maximum effective extraction area of the rock stratum drilling hole for pre-extracting the gas in the rock stratum at the moment is shown as the following formula:
wherein ,the height of the lower part of the falling belt is m;dthe distance between the drilling hole and the coal seam roof is m, d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 5r.
In the horizontal direction, the drill hole pitch was set to 5m, and the drill holes were arranged between the ranges of 20m on both sides of the roadway. If the coal seam is thin, the rock holes can be constructed only between the range of 10m on both sides of the roadway. And a row of horizontal drilling holes are arranged at the lower part of the caving belt in the vertical direction, and the drilling hole distance is less than or equal to 5 times of the drilling hole diameter of the coal seam roof.
3) Drilling arrangement in fracture zone
The fracture zone is drilled 11 to collect gas escaping up the goaf into the formation mainly during face recovery. When the fracture zone drilling hole is too far away from the top plate, a large amount of gas cannot be extracted, and when the fracture zone drilling hole is too close to the top plate, the fracture zone drilling hole collapses along with collapse of the caving zone. Thus, determining the height of the landing zone, fracture zone, is a precondition for in-fracture zone borehole placement.
The ribbon height is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula ,aheight of the falling zone, m;hthe mining height of the coal seam is m;Kpis the coefficient of expansion of the caving rock;αis the dip angle of the coal seam (°).
The height of the fracture zone, namely the height from the coal seam roof to the upper part of the fracture zone, is generally calculated as follows:
in the formula ,bthe maximum height of the fracture zone is m;hand (3) the mining height of the coal seam, and m.
And in the vertical direction, the fracture zone drilling holes are arranged between the falling zone and the fracture zone height, and the vertical distance between the drilling holes is 5-20 m. In the horizontal direction, the distance between the projection of the kilometer drilling hole in the coal layer and the central line of the roadway is increased gradually, and the horizontal distance between the drilling holes is 5-25 m.
According to the invention, a plurality of directional multi-branch drilling holes are respectively constructed in an air inlet roadway and an air return roadway of a stoping working face, a plurality of sets of directional drilling holes cover the whole roadway and the periphery for 20m in width in the horizontal direction, the terminal Kong Cengwei of a main hole in the vertical direction is arranged at the bottom of a fracture zone, a caving zone and the coal seam from top to bottom, the coal seam drilling holes are used for searching the top and bottom plates of the coal seam up and down in the branch holes of the main hole, the bottom drilling holes of the caving zone are used for downwards opening the branches to extend into the coal seam, and the extraction range is enlarged by upwards and downwards opening the branches of the fracture zone drilling holes. Before tunneling, drilling holes at the lower parts of the coal bed and the caving belt for pressure relief, monitoring the positions of the top and bottom plates of the coal bed, and pre-pumping coal bed gas; after the stoping face stopes, the fracture zone drill holes are used for extracting fracture zone gas, and the lower inner sleeve of the drill holes at the lower part of the caving zone is used as a goaf buried pipe for extracting goaf gas, so that the effect of one hole with multiple purposes is achieved. By adopting the drilling arrangement method, the pressure of the coal bed is relieved in advance, the drilling extraction period is prolonged, the positions of the top and bottom plates of the coal bed are monitored, and the drilling utilization rate can be improved to the greatest extent.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The pressure relief, extraction and monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a drilling site (6) is dug on the side of a coal body, a coal seam drilling hole (13), a caving zone lower drilling hole (12) and a fracture zone drilling hole (11) are constructed in the drilling site at one time before a working face roadway is dug, and final positions of the coal seam drilling hole (13), the caving zone lower drilling hole (12) and the fracture zone drilling hole (11) are respectively positioned in the coal seam (4), the caving zone lower part (3) and the fracture zone (1);
the coal seam drilling hole (13) is used for detecting the height of the top and bottom plates of the coal seam, gas extraction, pressure relief and drilling cuttings amount monitoring in the tunneling and stoping period, and is connected to a drainage pipeline for gas extraction;
the drill hole (12) at the lower part of the caving zone is used for pre-extracting the gas of the coal seam, extracting the gas of the goaf after the working face is extracted, determining the position of a top plate of the coal seam and extracting the gas through an extraction pipeline;
and the fracture zone drilling hole (11) is used for gas extraction of the fracture zone after the working face is extracted, and the gas is merged into an extraction pipeline.
2. The pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coal seam drilling (13) is arranged in the horizontal direction with a drilling pitch set to be twice the effective radius of gas extraction of the drilling, the drilling being arranged between the 20m range on both sides of the roadway; in the vertical direction, if the thickness of the coal seam is less than 4m, the coal seam drilling hole (13) is arranged in the middle of the coal seam; if the thickness of the coal seam is greater than 4m, the coal seam drilling holes (13) are provided with an upper row of drilling holes and a lower row of drilling holes.
3. The pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective extraction area of the caving zone lower drilling (12) is in contact with the coal seam (4).
4. The pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method of claim 3, wherein the effective extraction area is calculated according to the following formula:
1) If the roof of the coal seam does not contain gas,
wherein ,cis the height of the lower part of the falling belt;Ris the borehole diameter;
2) If the roof of the coal seam contains gas,
wherein ,c' is the height of the lower part of the ribbon;dthe distance between the drilling hole and the coal seam roof is more than 0 and less than or equal to 5R.
5. The method for arranging the directional drilling integrated with pressure relief, extraction and monitoring according to claim 4, wherein the interval between the lower drill holes (12) of the caving belt is set to be 5m in the horizontal direction, and the lower drill holes (12) of the caving belt are arranged between the ranges of 20m on the two sides of a roadway; and in the vertical direction, the drill holes (12) are arranged at the lower part of the caving belt, and the distance between the drill holes and the roof of the coal seam is less than or equal to 5 times of the diameter of the drill holes.
6. The pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fracture zone drilling holes (11) are arranged between the falling zone and the fracture zone height in the vertical direction, and the vertical spacing is 5-20 m; and in the horizontal direction, the projection of the fracture zone drilling holes (11) in the coal seam is gradually increased from the center line of the roadway, and the horizontal distance between the drilling holes is 5-25 m.
7. The pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling placement method of claim 6, wherein the landing zone height is calculated by the formula:
wherein a is the height of the falling zone; h is the coal seam mining height; kp is the coefficient of expansion of the caving rock; alpha is the inclination angle of the coal seam.
8. The pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling placement method as recited in claim 6, wherein fracture zone height is calculated by the formula:
wherein b is the maximum height of the fracture zone; h is the coal seam mining height.
9. The pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein the coal seam drilling (13), the caving zone lower drilling (12) and the fracture zone drilling (11) are arranged in an inverted pi-shape at a target horizon.
CN202310509438.1A 2023-05-08 2023-05-08 Pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method Pending CN116556921A (en)

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CN202310509438.1A CN116556921A (en) 2023-05-08 2023-05-08 Pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method

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CN202310509438.1A CN116556921A (en) 2023-05-08 2023-05-08 Pressure relief-extraction-monitoring integrated directional drilling arrangement method

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117266855A (en) * 2023-11-23 2023-12-22 太原理工大学 Pressure relief and permeability improvement method and system for ultrathin layered mining of coal seam
US12098638B1 (en) * 2023-11-23 2024-09-24 Taiyuan University Of Technology Method and system for coalbed permeability-enhancement induced by pressure-relief with mining a extremely thin slice

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117266855A (en) * 2023-11-23 2023-12-22 太原理工大学 Pressure relief and permeability improvement method and system for ultrathin layered mining of coal seam
CN117266855B (en) * 2023-11-23 2024-01-19 太原理工大学 Pressure relief and permeability improvement method and system for ultrathin layered mining of coal seam
US12098638B1 (en) * 2023-11-23 2024-09-24 Taiyuan University Of Technology Method and system for coalbed permeability-enhancement induced by pressure-relief with mining a extremely thin slice

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