CN116548109B - Method for maintaining proper pH value of soil in root zone of acid farmland for long-term stability - Google Patents
Method for maintaining proper pH value of soil in root zone of acid farmland for long-term stability Download PDFInfo
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- CN116548109B CN116548109B CN202310322778.3A CN202310322778A CN116548109B CN 116548109 B CN116548109 B CN 116548109B CN 202310322778 A CN202310322778 A CN 202310322778A CN 116548109 B CN116548109 B CN 116548109B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 title description 5
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical group N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010669 acid-base reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
A method for maintaining the proper pH value of the soil in the root zone of an acidic farmland for a long period of time includes such steps as determining the application of chemical fertilizer during the growth of crops and the quantity of protons generated by crops in the soil in the root zone, preparing special conditioner, determining the neutralizing power of conditioner to soil acid, calculating the dosage of conditioner needed for neutralizing protons in the root zone, and applying the special conditioner to the soil in the root zone at one time before planting plants to maintain the pH value of the soil in the root zone for a long period of time. According to the invention, different organic materials and different inorganic alkaline materials are adopted to be coupled to prepare the mild conditioner, protons in the soil in the root zone can be dynamically neutralized in real time, and the problems that the plant root system is damaged due to local overbasing caused by the application of strong alkaline improvers such as quicklime and the like in the root zone, and the reaction speed is too high to be synchronous with the protons in the root zone can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil regulation, in particular to a method for maintaining proper pH of soil in an acidic farmland root zone for long-term stability.
Background
In agricultural production, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is required to be applied to ensure the normal growth of crops, however, excessive application of chemical fertilizer including ammonium nitrogen fertilizer often causes soil acidification to occur, resulting in a drop in soil pH. Especially for acidic farmlands, the continuous decrease in soil pH affects the normal growth of crops, resulting in reduced or even no harvest of the crop. Although the pH of the acidified soil can be adjusted to a range suitable for normal growth of crops by using the traditional modifying agent such as lime, the farmland soil is acidified quickly under the condition of high-strength utilization of cultivated lands in China, and the soil is acidified again quickly after lime is applied, so that the alkaline modifying agent such as lime needs to be frequently applied, and the pH of the soil is in a fluctuation state for a long time, so that the high yield and stable yield of agriculture are severely restricted. In addition, the wide-range and large-scale broadcasting of the strong alkaline modifier such as lime and the like can cause harm to human health. If the acid generated by agricultural measures such as fertilization under high-strength utilization conditions of cultivated land is cleared in real time, the pH of the soil can be maintained to be basically stable, and unstable crop yield caused by fluctuation of the pH of the soil is avoided. To achieve this objective, 3 key issues need to be addressed: estimating the amount of acid produced annually or in a season by agricultural measures; special conditioning agents capable of eliminating these acids in real time; a targeted conditioner application method. There is currently no systematic solution to these problems.
In the prior art, the organic fertilizer and the fertilizer are applied to relieve the soil acidification caused by the fertilizer, but due to the lack of an estimation method of the acid production amount of the fertilizer, the current application amount of the organic fertilizer and the ratio of the organic fertilizer to the fertilizer are more random, and although the application of the organic fertilizer has a certain relieving effect on the soil acidification, the soil can not be maintained to be stable for a long time with proper pH. The biomass charcoal prepared by anaerobic pyrolysis of agricultural wastes such as crop straws not only can neutralize the acidity of soil, but also can improve the acid buffer capacity of soil. The application of biomass charcoal can also play a certain role in inhibiting soil acidification caused by chemical fertilizers. However, the biochar prepared from different biomass materials under different conditions has great difference in alkaline characteristics and improving effect on the acid buffering performance of soil, and is difficult to maintain the long-term stability of the proper pH value of the soil under the common farmland application conditions.
For most crops, fertilizers are generally applied to the reach of crop roots, and soil acidification caused by the fertilizers mainly occurs in the soil in the root zone. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a technique for removing protons from the root zone soil in an acidic farmland in real time so as to maintain the pH of the root zone soil in a range suitable for crop growth for a long period of time.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved are as follows: aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for maintaining the pH of the soil suitable for the root zone of the acid farmland for a long time.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for maintaining the pH of soil suitable for acidic farmland root zone stable for a long period of time, comprising the steps of: (1) determination of the amount of change in the soil pH in the root zone during crop growth: collecting red soil, and regulating the pH value of the soil to be not lower than 5.5; air-drying red soil, grinding, sieving with 10 mesh sieve, and mixing fertilizer with soilUniformly mixing soil according to an application proportion; filling soil into a root zone, a transition zone and a non-root zone of the root box respectively, and separating the different zones by using a nylon net; regulating the water content of soil to 70% of the field water holding capacity by distilled water, planting plants in the root zone of a root box, and growing for 1 month in a sunlight greenhouse; collecting soil samples of the root zone, measuring the pH of the soil, comparing the soil with the pH of the soil before the experiment, and determining the variation delta pH of the soil pH before and after the experiment 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the (2) calculation of root zone proton production: determination of the quantity q of protons required per unit mass of soil pH 1 Unit drop 1 mmol/kg/pH, proton generation (Q) was calculated using the following formula: q (mmol/kg) =q 1 ×ΔpH 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the (3) determination of the acid neutralization ability of the conditioner: acquisition of pH<5.0, air-drying and grinding the acid red soil, adding a conditioner, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the soil to 70% of the field water holding capacity, and culturing in an incubator for 30 days at constant temperature; after the culture experiment is finished, the change delta pH of the soil before and after the culture is measured 2 The amount q of alkali to be added per 1 unit of increase in pH of soil per unit mass is measured 2 mmol/kg/pH; the acid Neutralization Capacity (NC) of the conditioner is calculated as: NC (mmol/kg) =q 2 ×ΔpH 2 X1000/R, R is the dosage g of the conditioner in 1kg of soil; (4) determination of conditioner dosage: according to the proton generation amount (Q) obtained in the step 2 and the acid Neutralization Capacity (NC) of the conditioner in the step 3, the dosage (M) of the conditioner for maintaining the pH of the soil in the root zone to be basically stable is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows: m (g/kg) =Q×1000/NC, M being the amount g of conditioner required to be applied in 1kg of soil.
The conditioner is prepared by compounding 65-75 parts by mass of humic acid, 10-25 parts by mass of sodium citrate, 5-15 parts by mass of potassium hydroxide and 5-10 parts by mass of dolomite powder.
The humic acid is fulvic acid or humic acid.
The conditioning agent is prepared by the following method: mixing humic acid, sodium citrate, potassium hydroxide and dolomite powder at a certain proportion, adding distilled water, stirring to paste, oven drying at 40deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 10 mesh sieve
The specific composition of the conditioner is as follows: 70wt.% fulvic acid, 16wt.% sodium citrate, 9wt.% potassium hydroxide, and 5wt.% dolomite powder.
The application method of the conditioner comprises the following steps: adopting the root box experimental device in the step 1, mixing chemical fertilizer and conditioner with the soil in the root zone, then filling the soil into the root box, planting crops according to the same operation in the step 1, sampling after harvesting the crops, measuring the pH of the soil, and verifying the maintenance effect of the pH of the soil; when the method is used in field conditions, the conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied together or independently in the root zone soil at one time, and the conditioner and the base fertilizer are mixed with the root zone soil and then are used for planting crops, and the conditioner is applied for 1 time before planting crops in each season.
The fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or urea.
The beneficial effects are that: (1) The invention provides a method for maintaining the proper pH of soil in a root zone to be stable for a long time, which can effectively solve the problem of fluctuation of the pH of the soil caused by the application of the traditional lime modifier and ensure stable yield of crops. (2) According to the invention, different organic materials and different inorganic alkaline materials are adopted to be coupled to prepare the mild conditioner, protons in the soil in the root zone can be dynamically neutralized in real time, and the problems that the plant root system is damaged due to local overbasing caused by the application of strong alkaline improvers such as quicklime and the like in the root zone, and the reaction speed is too high to be synchronous with the protons in the root zone can be solved. (3) The conditioner of the invention is applied by a method of applying a small amount of conditioner for many times in root zone, can be applied together with a base fertilizer, can be applied independently, is applied for only 1 time in one season, and can avoid the harm to human health caused by large-scale and large-scale broadcasting of lime and other modifiers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of ammonium sulfate application on soil pH in root box experiments;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the amount of change in soil pH (ΔpH) in root box experiments caused by different amounts of ammonium sulfate applied;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of ammonium sulfate application on root zone soil proton production;
FIG. 4 is a dynamic change of soil pH during acidic red soil cultivation after addition of a specific conditioner;
FIG. 5 is the amount of change in red soil pH (ΔpH) caused by the addition of a dedicated conditioner during the incubation experiment;
FIG. 6 is a plot of amounts of dedicated conditioner applied to maintain a substantially stable root zone soil pH for different amounts of ammonium sulfate applied in a root box experiment;
FIG. 7 is the effect of the special conditioner on root zone soil pH for different ammonium sulfate application levels in root box experiments;
FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the acid-base addition amount of the acidic red soil and the pH of the soil used in the culture experiment.
Detailed Description
Example 1: measurement and calculation of root zone soil proton production
A method for maintaining the pH of the soil suitable for acidic farmland in long term includes such steps as determining the application of chemical fertilizer during the growth period of crops and the quantity of protons generated by crops in the soil in root zone, preparing special conditioner, determining the neutralizing power of conditioner to acid, calculating the dosage of conditioner needed for neutralizing protons in soil in root zone, and applying the special conditioner to soil in root zone before planting plants.
The estimation method of the root zone soil proton production amount comprises the following steps:
s1-1, determining the pH change amount of soil in a root zone during the growth of crops: collecting red soil with pH of soil in a proper crop growth range (pH > 5.5), and adjusting the pH of the soil to above 5.5 by using lime and other traditional modifying agents for the soil with pH < 5.5. The red soil is air-dried, ground, screened by a 10-mesh sieve, and then ammonium sulfate is uniformly mixed with the soil. Soil samples are respectively filled in a root zone, a transition zone and a non-root zone of the root box, and the different zones are separated by a nylon net. The water content of the soil was adjusted to 70% of the field water holding capacity with distilled water, and plants were planted in the root zone of the root box and grown in a sunlight greenhouse for 1 month. After the experiment was completed, a root zone soil sample was collected, the soil pH was measured, the pH of the control treated soil without applying N was 5.95, and 100 and 200mg N/kg of fertilization treatments were applied, respectively, and the soil pH was 5.18 and 4.84, respectively (FIG. 1). By comparing the pH of the soil in the fertilization treatment with that in the control treatment, the pH change amount DeltapH caused by fertilization was calculated to be 0.77 and 1.11, respectively (FIG. 2). When the method is used in field conditions, the soil in the root zone is collected before crop planting and after crop harvesting, the pH value of the soil is measured, and the delta pH value of the soil is obtained.
S1-2, calculating the proton generation amount of the root zone: the number of protons required per unit mass of soil pH reduced by 1 unit (q 1 mmol/kg/pH) and proton generation amount (Q) was calculated using the following formula: q (mmol/kg) =q 1 X delta pH. Measuring q of the soil 1 31.81mmol/kg/pH. Based on the DeltapH obtained in step S1-1, the amounts of protons produced in the root zone were 24.5 and 34.42mmol/kg, respectively, when the fertilization amounts were 100 and 200mg N/kg, respectively (FIG. 3).
Preparation of special conditioner
S1-3, preparing a special conditioner: is compounded by fulvic acid or humic acid, sodium citrate, potassium hydroxide and dolomite powder, and the specific formula is as follows: 70% of fulvic acid, 16% of sodium citrate, 9% of potassium hydroxide and 5% of dolomite powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing fulvic acid, sodium citrate, potassium hydroxide and dolomite powder in proportion, adding distilled water, stirring to paste, oven drying at 40deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 10 mesh sieve. Humic acid reacts with potassium hydroxide to generate components with rapid acidity neutralization capability, and sodium citrate is neutralized to form citric acid which is gradually decomposed by microorganisms in soil to achieve the aim of removing protons in the soil, and the aim of dynamically and real-time removing protons in root areas is finally achieved by matching with slow acid neutralization of dolomite and slow release effect of large conditioner particles.
S1-4, determination of the acid neutralization capacity of the special conditioner: the pH of the collection is lower (pH<5.0 Air-drying and grinding the acid red soil, adding a certain amount of special conditioner, uniformly mixing, regulating the water content of the soil to 70% of the field water holding capacity, culturing in an incubator at constant temperature for 30 days, and collecting a small amount of samples every 5 days during the culture to determine the pH of the soil. The pH of the soil without the modifier changes little in the culture process, the pH of the soil increases greatly in the first 5 days of the culture experiment by adding the fulvic acid-KOH treatment, and then changes little, but the pH of the soil continuously increases little in the culture experiment by adding the special conditioner (figure 4), which shows that the conditioner prepared by the invention has the characteristics of dynamic, real-time and continuous proton neutralization capability. After the culture experiment is finished, collecting a soil sampleThe soil pH was measured and compared with the soil pH before the culture experiment, the amount of change in soil pH (Δph) was calculated, and Δph treated with the addition of the special conditioner was 1.66 (fig. 5). Determination of soil q 2 Is 30.85mol/kg/pH. The acid Neutralization Capacity (NC) of the conditioner is calculated as: NC (mmol/kg) =q 2 XΔpH X1000/R, R being the amount of conditioner in 1kg of soil (g). The NC of the conditioning agent used in FIG. 4 in the present invention was 3964.2mmol/kg.
Determination of conditioner dosage for maintaining pH stability of root zone soil
S1-5, determining the dosage of a special conditioner: based on the proton generation amount (Q) obtained in the step S1-2 and the acid Neutralization Capacity (NC) of the special conditioner in the step S1-4, the amount (M) of the conditioner for maintaining the soil pH in the root zone to be basically stable can be calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows: m (g/kg) =Q×1000/NC, M being the amount of conditioner (g) required to be applied in 1kg of soil. The amounts of conditioning agent dedicated in step S1-4 required to maintain the root zone soil pH substantially stable in step S1-1 were 6.0 and 8.7g/kg, respectively, when the nitrogen fertilizer application amounts were 100 and 200mg N/kg (FIG. 6)
Conditioning agent application method and effect
S1-6, application method and effect verification of conditioner: and (3) mixing ammonium sulfate fertilizer and conditioner with the soil in the root zone by adopting the root box experimental device in the step S1-1, then filling the soil into the root box, planting crops according to the same operation steps in the step S1-1, sampling after harvesting the crops, measuring the pH of the soil, and verifying the maintenance effect of the pH of the soil. The control treated soil without nitrogen fertilizer and conditioner had a pH of 5.76 (FIG. 7), 100 and 200mg N/kg ammonium sulfate fertilizer and the corresponding amounts of conditioner treatment as determined in step S1-5, respectively, and soil had a pH of 5.91 and 5.62 (FIG. 7), respectively, which were different from the control soil by 0.15 and-0.14, respectively, indicating that the application of the special conditioner gave a better effect of stabilizing the root zone soil pH. When the method is used in field conditions, the conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied together or independently in the root zone soil, and the conditioner and the base fertilizer are mixed with the root zone soil to plant crops, wherein the conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied every season.
Method for measuring pH value reduction or increase of 1 unit acid-base consumption per unit mass of soil
By adding a series of different concentrations to a soil sampleThe method for simulating acidification or alkalization by the acid or alkali of the degree measures and calculates the pH reduction of the soil or increases the consumption of 1 unit of acid and alkali. 4g of soil sample and a certain amount of deionized water are respectively added into 10 polyethylene centrifuge tubes, then 0.04mol/L HCl or NaOH solutions with different volumes are respectively added, the volume of suspension after HCl or NaOH is added is ensured to be 20mL, and the soil sample and the solution are uniformly mixed. The addition amount of acid or alkali is generally 0.5,1,2,3,5,7mL, so that the pH value of the suspension system after the acid-base reaction is between pH 4.0 and 7.0, and the addition amount of the acid or alkali is adjusted along with the initial pH value of soil. 1.0mL of 0.04mol/L CaCl was added 2 To keep the ionic strength of the system substantially constant. In addition, 0.25mL of chloroform was added to each centrifuge tube to inhibit microbial activity. The suspension was shaken at a constant temperature of 25℃for 24 hours, after which it was allowed to stand at the same temperature for 6 days with shaking for 2 minutes per day. The soil suspension pH was measured after 7 days. The pH of the soil was plotted against the amount of acid or base added, and the pH decrease or increase by 1 unit of acid-base consumption was obtained from the slope of the fitted line in the graph (fig. 8).
Claims (7)
1. A method for maintaining the pH of soil suitable for acidic farmland root zone stable for a long period of time, comprising the steps of: (1) determination of the amount of change in the soil pH in the root zone during crop growth: collecting red soil, and regulating the pH value of the soil to be not lower than 5.5; air-drying red soil, grinding, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing chemical fertilizer with soil according to an application proportion; filling soil into a root zone, a transition zone and a non-root zone of the root box respectively, and separating the different zones by using a nylon net; regulating the water content of soil to 70% of the field water holding capacity by distilled water, planting plants in the root zone of a root box, and growing for 1 month in a sunlight greenhouse; collecting a root zone soil sample, measuring the pH of the soil, comparing the pH with the pH of the soil before the experiment, and determining the variation of the pH of the soil before and after the experiment 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the (2) calculation of root zone proton production: determination of the quantity q of protons required per unit mass of soil pH 1 Unit drop 1 mmol/kg/pH, proton generation Q was calculated using the following formula: q=q 1 ´∆pH 1 Q is in mmol/kg; (3) determination of the acid neutralization ability of the conditioner: acquisition of pH<5.0, air-drying and grinding,adding a conditioner, uniformly mixing, regulating the water content of soil to 70% of the field water holding capacity, and culturing in an incubator at constant temperature for 30 days; after the culture experiment is finished, the variation of the pH of the soil before and after the culture is measured 2 The amount q of alkali to be added per 1 unit of increase in pH of soil per unit mass is measured 2 mmol/kg/pH; the acid neutralization capacity NC of the conditioner is calculated as: nc=q 2 ´∆pH 2 1000/R, NC is in mmol/kg, R is the dosage g of the conditioner in the soil of 1 kg; (4) determination of conditioner dosage: according to the proton generation amount Q obtained in the step 2 and the acid neutralization capacity NC of the conditioner in the step 3, the conditioner dosage M for maintaining the soil pH of the root zone to be basically stable is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows: M=Q' -1000/NC, M is the amount g of conditioner needed to be applied in 1kg soil, in g/kg.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditioning agent is compounded from 65-75 parts by mass of humic acid, 10-25 parts by mass of sodium citrate, 5-15 parts by mass of potassium hydroxide and 5-10 parts by mass of dolomite powder.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the humic acid is fulvic acid or humic acid.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the conditioning agent is prepared by the process of: mixing humic acid, sodium citrate, potassium hydroxide and dolomite powder in proportion, adding distilled water, stirring to paste, oven drying at 40deg.C, grinding, and sieving with 10 mesh sieve.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the specific composition of the conditioning agent is: 70wt.% fulvic acid, 16wt.% sodium citrate, 9wt.% potassium hydroxide, and 5wt.% dolomite powder.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the method of conditioning agent application is: adopting the root box experimental device in the step 1, mixing chemical fertilizer and conditioner with the soil in the root zone, then filling the soil into the root box, planting crops according to the same operation in the step 1, sampling after harvesting the crops, measuring the pH of the soil, and verifying the maintenance effect of the pH of the soil; when the method is used in field conditions, the conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied together or independently in the root zone soil at one time, and the conditioner and the base fertilizer are mixed with the root zone soil and then are used for planting crops, and the conditioner is applied for 1 time before planting crops in each season.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or urea.
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