CN116536114A - 一种用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂 - Google Patents
一种用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
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- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
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- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
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- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
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- C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D3/2017—Monohydric alcohols branched
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- C11D3/30—Amines; Substituted amines ; Quaternized amines
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- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/373—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicones
- C11D3/3738—Alkoxylated silicones
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- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,属于清洗剂技术领域。该半水基清洗剂按重量份计包括如下组分:助溶剂20‑30份;复配表面活性剂10‑20份;螯合剂1‑2份;碱性助剂1‑5份;其它助剂1‑5份;去离子水100‑120份。本发明半水基清洗剂具有良好的清洗性能,尤其适用于超声波清洗工艺,清洗过程中低泡沫,低挥发,安全性高,不会对清洗件产生腐蚀。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及清洗剂技术领域,具体涉及一种用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂。
背景技术
半水基清洗剂的清洗原理是由于表面活性剂的水基清洗和有机溶剂清洗的结合,既保持了有机溶剂原有的对油污清洗力强、对基体润湿渗透好的优点,还提高了对水性污垢的去除能力,拓展了在无机污垢方面的清洁能力。
目前半水基清洗剂在我国国内企业应用不多,主要原因是:(1)价格昂贵,在国内市场价格约50-100元/kg;(2)清洗剂中所含的水分,可能会引起金属材料的生锈腐蚀;(3)有些清洗剂原液储存稳定性差,容易分层,使用不方便;(4)清洗剂中仍含有大量的有机溶剂,仍需要考虑有机溶液的防护和防燃防爆问题。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,该半水基清洗剂具有良好的清洗性能,尤其适用于超声波清洗工艺,清洗过程中低泡沫,低挥发,安全性高,不会对清洗件产生腐蚀。
本发明通过以下技术方案实施:
一种用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,按重量份计包括如下组分:
助溶剂20-30份;
复配表面活性剂10-20份;
螯合剂1-2份;
碱性助剂1-5份;
其它助剂1-5份;
去离子水100-120份。
进一步地,助溶剂为醇醚类溶剂。
进一步地,醇醚类溶剂为乙醇、1,3-丁二醇和二乙二醇丁醚混合物,其中乙醇、1,3-丁二醇和二乙二醇丁醚的质量比为(10-15):(5-10):(1-2)。
乙醇和1,3-丁二醇作为醇溶液能够溶解大部分助焊液或助焊膏的残留,但对于极少数物质的溶解清洁能力欠佳,搭配二乙二醇丁醚可以进一步地提升清洗剂的清洗能力,且二乙二醇丁醚具有较高的沸点及较低的挥发速度,属于环境友好型物质,不会污染环境,而且能够保证清洗剂的长效性。
进一步地,复配表面活性剂由非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基葡萄糖苷和阴离子表面活性剂α-烯基磺酸钠;其中脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基葡萄糖苷和α-烯基磺酸钠的质量比为(2-3):(2-3):1。
表面活性剂同时存在亲油基和清水基,具有在界面上的吸附作用以及子啊溶液中形成胶束化的作用,也是表面活性剂同时具备清洗以及去污作用的根本。本发明中采用非离子表面活性剂复配阴离子表面活性剂,非离子表面活性剂在溶剂中临界胶束浓度较低,容易形成胶束,提高了对助焊液和助焊膏的渗透作用,可以加快对助焊液和助焊剂的清洗作用。阴离子表面活性剂具备较强的乳化作用,可以使得助焊液和助焊剂从清洗件上脱落,稳定地分散在清洗剂中。同时,阴离子形成的胶束与非离子形成的胶束间存在一定的静电斥力,避免形成的胶束彼此作用,再次聚集粘附在清洗件表面,同时也避免胶束聚集形成絮状物或沉淀,提高了清洗剂的稳定性。本发明中选用的三种表面活性剂去污能力强且绿色无毒,极易发生生物降解,具有高度的环保性能。
进一步地,螯合剂为三乙醇胺。
三乙醇胺可以保护金属表面,防止被氧化,同时对金属材质还有一定的缓蚀性,可以增强金属的防锈能力,同时三乙醇胺还有一定的消泡作用,可以抑制过多的泡沫产生。三乙醇胺在碱性溶液中还具备一定的去污能力,对残留污渍有极好的相容性。
进一步地,碱性助剂为氢氧化钠、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠混合物,其中氢氧化钠、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的质量比为(0.1-0.5):1:1。
本发明中采用多种碱性助剂混合取代单一碱性助剂,通过试验发现,若采用单一碱性助剂氢氧化钠,虽然有较好的清洗效果,但会对清洗件产生一定的腐蚀作用。更换为碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠作为碱性助剂,清洗剂的清洁能力有所降低不能达到预期效果。发明人通过采用一定配比的复合碱性助剂,发现在提升清洗剂清洗能力的同时,清洗剂还比较温和,不会对清洗件产生腐蚀作用。
进一步地,其它助剂包括苯并三氮唑和聚醚改性硅油,其中聚醚改性硅油与苯并三氮唑质量比为1:(2-3)。
进一步地,环保型半水基清洗剂为弱碱性类清洗剂,其pH值为7-9。
进一步地,用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
按配方量分布称取各组分,然后将复配表面活性剂加入助溶剂中混合均匀,得到溶剂A;往溶剂A中加入螯合剂和其它助剂继续搅拌均匀得到溶剂B;最后,往溶剂B中加入去离子水和碱性助剂,混合均匀,即得环保型半水基清洗剂。
进一步地,清洗剂的制备方法中采用带有混合均匀度实时在线检测系统的搅拌器进行制备,混合均匀度实时在线检测系统包括:
图像采集模块,采用高速CCD灰度相机提取图像;
图像处理模块,对高速CCD灰度相机采集到的清洗剂图像进行线性灰度值计算;
均匀度分析控制模块,对图像灰度值进行算法处理,根据算法结果与设定阈值进行比较,判断清洗剂均匀度是否符合要求,通过控制系统调整搅拌器工作状态。
混合均匀度实时在线检测系统执行如下操作:
S1、启动检测系统,高速CCD灰度相机采集清洗剂图像;
S2、图像处理模块对图像进行灰度处理,将图像灰度值分为L级;
S3、均匀度分析控制模块对灰度值进行算法处理,将指标Q认定为均匀度指标,其计算如下:
其中
为图像灰度值均值,L为图像的总灰度等级数,ki为第i灰度级的灰度值,w(ki)为第i灰度级的概率;
S4、根据试验结构将均匀度指标阈值定为R,将所得均匀度指标Q与阈值R进行比较,若小于阈值R,则系统认为清洗剂均匀度达到质量要求,控制模块关闭搅拌器停止工作,反之,系统认为清洗剂均匀度不符合要求,搅拌器继续工作。
进一步地,用于超声波的环保型半水基清洗剂的使用方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将配制好的环保型半水基清洗剂置于超声波清洗机内,将待清洗件置于其中,超声清洗5-10min;
(2)超声完成后,将清洗件置于去离子水中漂洗3-5min;
(3)把漂洗后的清洗件经风切式干燥机干燥后去除残留水分,完成清洗。
本发明的有益效果:
1.本发明制备的半水基清洗剂,具有良好的清洗性能,尤其适用于超声波清洗工艺,用于清洗清洗件上的各类型的助焊液和助焊膏的残留物。
2.本发明半水基清洗剂同时具备溶剂型和水基型清洗剂的优点,本发明中采用混合助溶剂和复配表面活性剂,对清洗件上的各种残留物具有极强的溶解性,能够缩短清洗时间,降低清洗成本,提高清洗效率。
3.本发明半水基清洗剂选用的原料温和无刺激,具有极好的材料兼容性,本发明采用去离子为清洗剂的主要载体,制备得到的清洗剂无闪点,使用安全,不需要额外的防爆措施。
4.本发明半水基清洗剂制备方法简单,成本低,用于清洗过程中低挥发,安全性高,不会产生公害物质影响工作人员健康,且本发明清洗剂清洗过程中低泡沫,易漂洗,不会对清洗件产生腐蚀。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于以下实施例。
本发明实施例以及对比例半水基清洗剂原料用量配比如表1、2所示,其中,加入的量均以重量份数计。
表1
表2
环保型半水基清洗剂通过以下方法制备:
按配方量分布称取各组分,然后将复配表面活性剂加入助溶剂中混合均匀,等到溶剂A;往溶剂A中加入螯合剂和其它助剂继续搅拌均匀得到溶剂B;最后,往溶剂B中加入去离子水和碱性助剂,混合均匀,即得环保型半水基清洗剂。
清洗剂的制备方法中采用带有混合均匀度实时在线检测系统的搅拌器进行制备,混合均匀度实时在线检测系统包括:
图像采集模块,采用高速CCD灰度相机提取图像;
图像处理模块,对高速CCD灰度相机采集到的清洗剂图像进行线性灰度值计算;
均匀度分析控制模块,对图像灰度值进行算法处理,根据算法结果与设定阈值进行比较,判断清洗剂均匀度是否符合要求,通过控制系统调整搅拌器工作状态。
混合均匀度实时在线检测系统执行如下操作:
S1、启动检测系统,高速CCD灰度相机采集清洗剂图像;
S2、图像处理模块对图像进行灰度处理,将图像灰度值分为L级;
S3、均匀度分析控制模块对灰度值进行算法处理,将指标Q认定为均匀度指标,其计算如下:
其中
为图像灰度值均值,L为图像的总灰度等级数,ki为第i灰度级的灰度值,w(ki)为第i灰度级的概率;
S4、根据试验结构将均匀度指标阈值定为R,将所得均匀度指标Q与阈值R进行比较,若小于阈值R,则系统认为清洗剂均匀度达到质量要求,控制模块关闭搅拌器停止工作,反之,系统认为清洗剂均匀度不符合要求,搅拌器继续工作。
上述发明有益效果:本发明中混合均匀度实时在线检测系统通过图像采集模块和图像处理模块,监测清洗剂的均匀度,通过控制模块控制搅拌是否进一步地进行,实现了搅拌自动化控制,避免了搅拌时间过短,清洗剂混合不均匀,用于清洗过程中不能完全发挥其清洗效果,也避免了搅拌时间过长,资源浪费。
试验例一
清洗能力测试
使用实施例1-4和对比例1-8制备的清洗剂清洗焊接后的PCB板,具体步骤如下:
(1)将配制好的环保型半水基清洗剂置于超声波清洗机内,将焊接后的PCB板置于其中,超声清洗10min;
(2)超声完成后,将PCB板置于去离子水中漂洗5min;
(3)把漂洗后的PCB板经风切式干燥机干燥后去除残留水分,完成清洗。
用电子显微镜观察清洗后的PCB板表面洁净度,测试结果如表3所示,评价标准如下:
○:表面光洁,无微粒、助焊剂、锡焊膏等残留;
△:有各别焊点少量微粒有助焊剂、锡焊膏等残留;
╳:微粒、助焊剂、锡焊膏等附着较多,观察明显。
试验例二
起泡性测试
将实施例1-4和对比例1-8制备的清洗剂分别取50mL于250mL量筒中,用胶塞堵住量筒口,上下用力晃动15s,分别记录摇晃停止的泡沫高度和静置5mi n后的泡沫高度,测试结果如表3,评判标准分别如下:
○:摇晃停止<5cm,静置后<2cm;
△:摇晃停止5-10cm,静置后2-5cm;
╳:摇晃停止>10cm,静置后>5cm。
试验例三
稳定性测试
高温稳定性:将实施例1-4和对比例1-8制备的清洗剂取50mL于100mL无色具塞广口玻璃瓶中,加塞后置于(60±2)℃恒温箱,6h后取出,立即观察外观,测试结果如表3,评判标准分别如下:
○:均匀、不分层;
╳:出现分层。
低温稳定性:将实施例1-4和对比例1-8制备的清洗剂取50mL于100mL无色具塞广口玻璃瓶中,加塞后置于(-5±2)℃冰箱,24h后取出,待恢复至室温后观察外观,测试结果如表3,评判标准分别如下:
○:均匀、不分层、无结晶或沉淀析出;
╳:出现分层、有结晶或沉淀析出。
试验例四
腐蚀性测试
将实施例1-4和对比例1-8制备的清洗剂取100mL于250mL烧杯中,将3片金属测试片(铜或铝或镍)分别浸入其中,加热清洗剂至60℃并保温30mi n。取出金属样片用去离子水清洗干净并干燥。依据GB/T10125-2012进行盐雾测试19h,干燥后40倍显微镜观察表面腐蚀情况,测试结果如表3,评判标准如下:
○:表面无明显变化,无腐蚀;
△:表面有均匀变色或轻微失光;
╳:表面有非均匀变色,失光,局部有腐蚀点。
表3
从表3结果可以看出,实施例1-4制备的清洗剂具有较强的清洗能力,同时对金属物腐蚀性,且低泡易清洗漂洗。
对比例1中助溶剂只选择乙醇,对PCB板上的污渍残留溶解能力差,清洗后PCB板上残留严重。对比例2-4均采用单一表面活性剂,发现清洗剂清洗能力明显变差,且起泡性强,难漂洗。对比例5中提高了阴离子表面活性剂的含量,制备得到的清洗剂清洗能力下降且起泡能力增强,不利于电子元件的清洗和漂洗。对比例6中未添加螯合剂三乙醇胺,清洗剂的起泡性增强,且清洗剂对金属片有一定的腐蚀。对比例7中碱性助剂只选用氢氧化钠,氢氧化钠用量过大会导致清洗剂对金属片的腐蚀性增强,但若不添加氢氧化钠(对比例8),制备得到的清洗剂清洗能力下降,达不到预期的清洗效果。
最后应说明的是:以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,并不用以限制本发明创造,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明创造的保护范围之内。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,其特征在于,按重量份计包括如下组分:
助溶剂20-30份;
复配表面活性剂10-20份;
螯合剂1-2份;
碱性助剂1-5份;
其它助剂1-5份;
去离子水100-120份。
2.根据权利要求1中用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,其特征在于,助溶剂为醇醚类溶剂。
3.根据权利要求2中用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,其特征在于,醇醚类溶剂为乙醇、1,3-丁二醇和二乙二醇丁醚混合物,其中乙醇、1,3-丁二醇和二乙二醇丁醚的质量比为(10-15):(5-10):(1-2)。
4.根据权利要求1中用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,其特征在于,复配表面活性剂由非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基葡萄糖苷和阴离子表面活性剂α-烯基磺酸钠;其中脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基葡萄糖苷和α-烯基磺酸钠的质量比为(2-3):(2-3):1。
5.根据权利要求1中用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,其特征在于,螯合剂为三乙醇胺。
6.根据权利要求1中用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,其特征在于,碱性助剂为氢氧化钠、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠混合物,其中氢氧化钠、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的质量比为(0.1-0.5):1:1。
7.根据权利要求1中用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,其特征在于,其它助剂包括苯并三氮唑和聚醚改性硅油,其中聚醚改性硅油与苯并三氮唑质量比为1:(2-3)。
8.根据权利要求1中用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂,其特征在于,环保型半水基清洗剂为弱碱性类清洗剂,其pH值为7-9。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的用于超声波清洗工艺的环保型半水基清洗剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
按配方量分布称取各组分,然后将复配表面活性剂加入助溶剂中混合均匀,得到溶剂A;往溶剂A中加入螯合剂和其它助剂继续搅拌均匀得到溶剂B;最后,往溶剂B中加入去离子水和碱性助剂,混合均匀,即得环保型半水基清洗剂。
10.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的用于超声波的环保型半水基清洗剂的使用方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将配制好的环保型半水基清洗剂置于超声波清洗机内,将待清洗件置于其中,超声清洗5-10min;
(2)超声完成后,将清洗件置于去离子水中漂洗3-5min;
(3)把漂洗后的清洗件经风切式干燥机干燥后去除残留水分,完成清洗。
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