CN116536043B - 一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉及其制备方法和应用,按比例精确称量置于玛瑙研钵中,加入适量75%酒精研磨15min;待酒精完全挥发,粉体成干燥粉状,将粉体转移至刚玉坩埚中烧结两次,自然冷却至室温后取出研磨5~10min,即得。本发明的荧光粉被365nm紫外灯激发,产生1250nm的Ni2+离子特征发射,并成功地共掺杂了M5+离子作为电荷补偿剂,大幅度提升了NIR发射强度达到12倍,提升荧光量子效率从7.9%到19.7%,并改善了荧光热猝灭性能;将优化的NIR荧光粉封装在UVLED芯片得到NIRpc‑LED,探讨了其在光成像领域的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及宽带近红外荧光粉制备技术领域,具体涉及一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
光学成像技术是一种无创、实时、高灵敏度和空间分辨率的医学成像手段。传统的光学成像技术会受到严重的组织散射、吸收和自体荧光得影响,从而导致辐射强度、空间分辨率、成像灵敏度和对比度的下降,不适合深层组织成像。为了克服这些局限性,近红外二区(NIR-II,1000-1500nm)光学成像引起了巨大的关注。与近红外一区(NIR-I,700-1000nm)光学成像相比,NIR-II光学成像可以减少生物组织的自体荧光和对光子的吸收及散射,实现更高的保真度和空间分辨率。但是,低的近红外荧光量子效率、高生物毒性、窄带发射等荧光特性却极大地限制了其在临床实践中中实现多模态成像和治疗诊断。所以,有必要进一步开发出一种具备宽带NIR-II发射、量子产率高、生物毒性低且易于封装制备成照明设备的材料。
近红外荧光粉转换发光二极管(Near-infrared phosphor-converted light-emitting diode,NIR pc-LED)是通过将近红外荧光粉与高效半导体芯片组合实现近红外发射,这种方式产生的近红外光可以通过调节近红外荧光粉的种类来调控发射峰的峰位和宽度。相对于传统的NIR光源发生器,近红外荧光粉转换发光二极管(NIRpc-LED)是目前宽带近红外光源的最佳解决方案,特别是其小尺寸、低电压、低能耗等特性为紧凑型宽带NIRpc-LED带来了可能。但目前NIRpc-LED存在着发射谱带不够宽、光电转化效率较低、热稳定性不够好等问题,不能满足所有应用的要求。因此,研制新型高效且热稳定性好的宽带近红外荧光粉是开发NIRpc-LED的关键。
Ni2+掺杂的近红外发光荧光粉很可能弥补其他激活离子掺杂荧光粉的不足,成为新一代用于NIR-II窗口成像的超宽带荧光材料。近年来,钙钛矿结构的材料以其优异的相容性掀起了一股研究热潮。钛酸锶(SrTiO3)具有高介电常数、低介电损耗和卓越的热稳定性,使其在光催化、氧化物电子器件、电容器等方面具有广泛的应用。在之前的研究中,Ni2+掺杂SrTiO3材料在近紫外365nm光激发下展现出1000-1500nm的NIR-II波段荧光发射,但因荧光量子效率低于8%而难以达到制备成为荧光照明的要求。所以,一个紧迫的问题是Ni2+的发射强度较弱,荧光量子效率普遍较低,且热阻抗较差。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供有一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉及其制备方法和应用。
发明内容
本发明提供的一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉及其制备方法和应用,通过高温固相法合成了一系列NIR激活剂Ni2+离子与电荷补偿剂M5+(M=Ta,Sb,Nb,P)共掺杂的SrTiO3宽带NIR发射荧光粉,并将所制备的优化的荧光粉封装在UV LED芯片得到NIRpc-LED器件,探索了高效NIR荧光粉用于静脉血管显像中的应用,拓展了近红外荧光技术的应用范围。
为了达到上述技术效果,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉,其特征在于,化学式为:SrTi0.99-xNi0.01MxO3,其中M为Ta5+、Sb5+、P5+、Nb5+,x=0-0.02。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
Step1:原料准备,以摩尔百分比计,包括以下组分:SrCO379~81mol%、TiO240~44mol%、NiO 0.3~0.6mol%、M2O50.5~3mol%;其中,M2O5为Ta2O5、Sb2O5、P2O5、Nb2O5中的一种;
Step2:上述原料按比例精确称量置于玛瑙研钵中,加入适量75%酒精研磨15min;
Step3:待酒精完全挥发,粉体成干燥粉状,将粉体转移至刚玉坩埚中烧结两次,自然冷却至室温后取出研磨5~10min,即得。
进一步的,所述Step3中,第一次烧结温度为900~1000℃,时间为180min;第二次烧结温度为1300~1400℃,时间为120min。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉的应用,其特征在于,将所述的近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉封装在UV LED芯片得到NIRpc-LED器件,应用于静脉血管显像。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明荧光粉体在紫外灯(365nm)激发下,样品均具有位于1250nm的特征NIR发射宽峰,通过电荷补偿剂M5+(M=Ta,Sb,Nb,P)共掺杂,可以显著提高Ni2+特征发射强度,荧光量子效率从7.9%提升到19.7%。热稳定性是荧光粉实际应用过程中的一个重要参数,特别是大功率LED器件的工作温度达到423K时,荧光粉的发光强度严重影响着LED器件的性能,本发明荧光粉体荧光热猝灭性能得到改善;由于人体血液中的生色团吸收了NIR波段的光,明暗对比可以清晰地观察到人体手指的血管形态和走势,提高了静脉血管定位的精准度,从而大幅度提高医护人员的诊断效率,在生物医学成像领域有着广阔的发展前景和重要的应用价值,因此将荧光粉封装在UV LED芯片得到NIRpc-LED器件,拓展了近红外荧光技术的应用范围。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例荧光粉体材料SrTiO3的晶体结构图(a),STO、STO-Ni、STO-Ni-Ta、STO-Ni-Sb、STO-Ni-Nb和STO-Ni-P荧光粉样品的X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)谱图(b);
图2展示的是STO、STO-Ni、STO-Ni-Ta、STO-Ni-Sb、STO-Ni-Nb和STO-Ni-P荧光粉样品的漫反射(Diffuse Reflection,DR)谱图(a);STO-Ti宽带近红外荧光粉的激发(Photoluminescence excitation,PLE)和发射(Photoluminescence,PL)光谱(b);进行电荷补偿后的发射(PL)光谱(c);Ni2+在八面体场中能级分裂可以用Tanabe-Sugano能级图(d);
图3为本发明实施例荧光粉体STO-Ni-xNb(x=0,0.0025,0.005,0.01,0.0125,0.015,and 0.02)的XRD图谱(a-b)Nb离子掺杂量与STO晶格常数a、v的关系图(c)。STO-Ni-xNb(0≤x≤0.02)的浓度依赖发射光谱(d);STO-Ni和STO-Ni-0.01Nb荧光粉的荧光量子效率(Photoluminescence Quantum yield,PLQY)(e);
图4为本发明实施例荧光粉体303K-483K的波长-温度(λ-T)近红外二维光谱图(a);STO-Ni-Nb于303K至573K变温光谱图(b);STO-Ni与STO-Ni-Nb抗热猝灭性能对比图(c);根据Arrhenius公式,计算STO-Ni与STO-Ni-Nb活化能对比图(d);
图5为本发明实施例荧光粉体材料制作成NIRpc-LED,并将其应用于静脉血管显像的实际应用图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:原料准备,以摩尔百分比计,包括以下组分:SrCO379~81mol%、TiO240~44mol%、NiO 0.3~0.6mol%、M2O50.5~3mol%;其中,M2O5为Ta2O5、Sb2O5、P2O5、Nb2O5中的一种;按原料比例精确称量置于玛瑙研钵中,加入适量酒精进行研磨;待酒精完全挥发,粉体成干燥粉状,将粉体转移至刚玉坩埚中烧结两次,一次烧结温度为900℃,二次烧结温度为1300℃,然后冷却至室温取出后研磨,得到NIR发射荧光材料。
通过上述步骤得到的M5+(M=Ta,Sb,Nb,P)离子作为电荷补偿剂掺杂的SrTiO3:Ni2+钙钛矿结构的荧光粉,在365nm紫外光激发下,在1000-1600nm范围内具有宽带NIR-II发射(FWHM~220nm)。通过引入电荷补偿剂的策略,使得优化后的STO-Ni-Nb荧光粉的NIR发射强度增加了12倍,高温荧光热猝灭相比STO-Ni荧光粉提高了16.4%(在423K时仍保持39.7%),PLQY提高到19.7%,使获得的NIR荧光粉适合于宽带NIRpc-LED应用。
结合系统性实验和模拟结果,揭示了电荷补偿剂在SrTiO3晶体八面体位置的占位、电荷补偿剂和八面体畸变的作用,结果表明电荷补偿剂的添加是改善Ni2+离子掺杂NIR荧光粉性能的有效策略。将获得的STO-Ni-Nb荧光粉封装在商业UV LED芯片,得到宽带NIRpc-LED器件,其人体组织成像效果表明此荧光粉具备在血管成像方面的应用前景。
实施例2
图1为本发明实施例荧光粉体材料SrTiO3的晶体结构图(a),STO、STO-Ni、STO-Ni-Ta、STO-Ni-Sb、STO-Ni-Nb和STO-Ni-P荧光粉样品的X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)谱图(b)。可以看出,所有荧光粉样品的衍射峰均与SrTiO3(PDF#35-0734)标准卡片均吻合良好,没有产生二次相。另外,从图1b局域放大的XRD图谱(32°-33°)可以看出,Ni2+离子的掺入导致XRD峰向小角度偏移,且Ta5+、Sb5+、Nb5+离子的掺入进一步加剧了XRD峰位的偏移,而P5+的掺入使得XRD峰位往高角度进行移动,由于掺杂的离子更倾向于替换Ti4+格位,根据Bragg定律2dsinθ=nλ,上述衍射角位移是由于替换离子半径差异所导致的。
图2展示的是STO、STO-Ni、STO-Ni-Ta、STO-Ni-Sb、STO-Ni-Nb和STO-Ni-P荧光粉样品的漫反射(Diffuse Reflection,DR)谱图(a);STO-Ti宽带近红外荧光粉的激发(Photoluminescence excitation,PLE)和发射(Photoluminescence,PL)光谱(b);进行电荷补偿后的发射(PL)光谱(c);Ni2+在八面体场中能级分裂可以用Tanabe-Sugano能级图(d)。基质的DR光谱在400-2000nm范围内反射率处于较低水平,Ni2+离子掺杂的DR光谱与基质相比,存在三个明显的吸收峰,分别位于360nm、487nm和1044nm,分别归因于Ni2+的三个跃迁。从光谱分析可见,在365nm激发下,发射光谱呈现出1000-1600nm的宽带近红外发射,半峰宽为211nm。共掺M5+电荷补偿剂后发光明显提升。根据计算结果显示本发明荧光粉属于弱晶体场。
图3为本发明实施例荧光粉体STO-Ni-xNb(x=0,0.0025,0.005,0.01,0.0125,0.015,and 0.02)的XRD图谱(a-b),不同浓度Nb5+离子掺杂的样品的衍射峰均与SrTiO3(PDF#35-0734)标准卡片均吻合良好。随着Nb5+离子浓度的增加,XRD射线衍射峰呈现出小角度偏移的趋势。说明离子半径较大的Nb5+(CN=6)离子取代了半径较小的Ti4+(CN=6),导致晶格的膨胀。(c)图显示Nb离子掺杂量与STO晶格常数a、V的关系图,从XRD精修中可以得到掺杂不同浓度Nb离子的晶格中,[TiO6]八面体为了平衡晶格膨胀的变化而被迫压缩产生畸变来补偿晶体结构的稳定性。STO-Ni-xNb(0≤x≤0.02)的浓度依赖发射光谱(d),可见随着Nb5+掺杂浓度的增加,STO-Ni-Nb近红外荧光发射强度呈现先增后减的趋势,在Nb5+离子浓度为0.15mol%时达到最高,而不是电荷平衡点0.01mol%Nb2O5的理论掺杂浓度,这一现象说明电荷补偿的策略并不是影响发光增强的唯一因素,而是电荷补偿机制和晶格畸变两个因素共同影响的。而电荷补偿为荧光增强的主要变量。STO-Ni和STO-Ni-0.01Nb荧光粉的荧光量子效率(Photoluminescence Quantum yield,PLQY)(e)显示STO-Ni和STO-Ni-0.01Nb荧光粉的PLQY分别为7.9%和19.7%,有力地验证了电荷补偿增强荧光的效果;
图4以电荷补偿效果最好的STO-Ni-Nb荧光粉样品为例,研究了该荧光粉的荧光热稳定性,实验证明Nb5+对提高热猝灭性能具有有效的贡献。
图5为本发明实施例荧光粉体材料制作成NIRpc-LED,并将其应用于静脉血管显像的实际应用图。由于人体血液中的生色团吸收了NIR波段的光,明暗对比可以清晰地观察到人体手指的血管形态和走势,提高了静脉血管定位的精准度,从而大幅度提高医护人员的诊断效率,在生物医学成像领域有着广阔的发展前景和重要的应用价值。
Claims (4)
1.一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉,其特征在于,化学式为:SrTi0.99-xNi0.01MxO3,其中M为Ta5+、Sb5+、P5+、Nb5+,x=0-0.02。
2.权利要求1所述的一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
Step1:原料准备,以摩尔百分比计,包括以下组分:SrCO379~81mol%、TiO240~44mol%、NiO 0.3~0.6mol%、M2O50.5~3mol%;其中,M2O5为Ta2O5、Sb2O5、P2O5、Nb2O5中的一种;
Step2:上述原料按比例精确称量置于玛瑙研钵中,加入适量75%酒精研磨10~15min;
Step3:待酒精完全挥发,粉体成干燥粉状,将粉体转移至刚玉坩埚中烧结两次,自然冷却至室温后取出研磨5~10min,即得。
3.权利要求2所述的一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Step3中,第一次烧结温度为900~1000℃,时间为150~180min;第二次烧结温度为1300~1400℃,时间为100~120min。
4.权利要求1所述的一种近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉的应用,其特征在于,将所述的近红外发光钙钛矿荧光粉封装在UV LED芯片得到NIR pc-LED器件,应用于静脉血管显像。
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