CN116530513A - 丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用 - Google Patents
丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 241000589655 Xanthomonas citri Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title description 5
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- XJMWHXZUIGHOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;propanoic acid Chemical compound N.CCC(O)=O XJMWHXZUIGHOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- BWILYWWHXDGKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium propanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCC([O-])=O BWILYWWHXDGKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000003559 RNA-seq method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium propionate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical class CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,属于生物技术领域。所述丙酸盐选自丙酸钠、丙酸钾和丙酸铵中的至少一种。本发明针对柑橘黄单胞杆菌引起的病害具有非常好的防治效果,且丙酸盐还具有绿色环保、经济实惠等优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,属于生物技术领域。
背景技术
丙酸盐常用作食品防腐剂,并且能被环境中的微生物代谢,因此丙酸盐不仅对人体危害较小,也不会对环境造成污染。黄单胞菌属包括范围广泛的植物病原细菌,它们在400 多种不同的植物宿主中引起疾病,对一些具有重要经济意义的作物造成严重损失。在大米中,X . oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) 通过侵入维管组织引起细菌枯萎病,而另一种致病菌X . oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc)通过定殖叶肉组织引起细菌性叶片条纹。其中,柑橘黄单胞杆菌(Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri)是柑橘细菌性溃疡病的病原体,分布于许多热带和亚热带柑橘产区,对全球柑橘市场和贸易产生重大影响(Cubero and Graham,2002)。柑橘黄单胞杆菌主要通过雨水飞溅传播,它通过气孔和伤口等开口进入宿主,并在叶子、茎和果实上形成明显的坏死病斑,周围被油性、水浸的边缘和黄色褪绿环包围(Bruningsand Gabriel, 2003; Yan and Wang, 2012),最终会形成火山口状凸起。病原菌的严重入侵导致落叶、枯死和落果,受感染的果实价值降低或完全无法销售,造成严重的经济损失。
目前,针对黄单胞杆菌引起的病害,主要是通过喷施铜制剂,铜制剂防治柑橘溃疡病的机制主要包括改变蛋白质结构从而影响其功能、破坏酶结构、干扰基本元素的利用、损伤细胞膜完整性以及破坏细胞呼吸链从而影响细胞代谢等。然而铜制剂的长期使用容易使植株产生药害、易使致病菌产生耐药性以及环境重金属污染等。
发明内容
本发明针对上述问题,提供了丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,本发明针对柑橘黄单胞杆菌引起的病害具有非常好的防治效果,且丙酸盐还具有绿色环保、经济实惠等优势。
本发明的技术方案具体如下:通过在叶片表面喷施丙酸盐水溶液,优选助剂为Silwet L-77,抑制柑橘黄单胞杆菌的生长,达到防治柑橘溃疡病的目的。本发明所述丙酸盐选自丙酸钠(SP)、丙酸钾(PP)和丙酸铵(AP)中的至少一种。丙酸钠的应用浓度为50-100mM,优选为100mM。丙酸钾的应用浓度为20-40mM,优选为40mM。丙酸铵的应用浓度为5-10mM,优选为10mM。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
(1)丙酸盐是人类肠道菌群代谢物,且常用作食品防腐剂,因此喷施过程中对人体危害较小;不同于铜制剂对土壤造成的重金属污染,丙酸盐能被土壤中的微生物代谢,是一种环境友好型的抑菌剂;
(2)本发明中,50mM丙酸钠防效达79.0%以上,100mM丙酸钠防效达95.2%以上,10mM丙酸钾防效达79.2%以上,40mM丙酸钾防效达96.9%以上,5mM丙酸铵防效达85.9%以上,10mM丙酸铵防效达98.9%以上。
附图说明
图1为丙酸钠(SP)抑制柑橘黄单胞杆菌CQ13生长的生长曲线;
图2为丙酸钾(PP)抑制柑橘黄单胞杆菌CQ13生长的生长曲线;
图3为丙酸铵(AP)抑制柑橘黄单胞杆菌CQ13生长的生长曲线
图4为本发明针对葡萄柚叶中丙酸钠(SP)防治柑橘溃疡病发病的情况图;
图5为本发明针对葡萄柚叶中丙酸钾(PP)防治柑橘溃疡病发病的情况图;
图6为本发明针对葡萄柚叶中丙酸铵(AP)防治柑橘溃疡病发病的情况图;
图7为丙酸盐中阳离子对柑橘溃疡病菌生长的影响;
图8为在 0.5mM丙酸钠和50mM丙酸钠(SP)处理下差异基因的数量;
图9为在 0mM丙酸钠、30mM和100mM丙酸钠(SP)处理下细菌游动性变化情况图;
图10为在 0.5mM丙酸钠和50mM丙酸钠(SP)处理下,RNAseq和qRT-PCR中hrp/hrc基因的表达量对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1:丙酸盐抑制黄单胞菌生长的生长曲线测定
(1)实验过程:
实验材料:野生型柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13
试剂准备:配制50mM的丙酸钠(SP)、20mM丙酸钾(PP)、5mM丙酸铵(AP),制备108CFU/ml新鲜的柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13悬浮液
测试过程:在24孔板中添加培养基,加入丙酸钠溶液使得终浓度50mM,加入丙酸钾溶液使得终浓度为40mM,加入丙酸钙溶液使得终浓度为50mM,加入丙酸铵溶液使得终浓度为5mM,加入菌液使得起始OD600值为0.03,空白培养基为阴性对照,未添加丙酸盐仅加入菌液的孔为阳性对照,使用酶标仪每15分钟测定一次柑橘溃疡病菌的OD600值。
实验结论:丙酸钠(SP)、丙酸钾(PP)、丙酸铵(AP)均能抑制柑橘黄单胞杆菌的生长,其中丙酸钠最小抑制浓度为50mM,丙酸钾为20mM,丙酸铵为5mM,如图1-图3所示。
实施例2:丙酸钠(SP)喷雾接种检测防治效果
实验材料:生长一致的葡萄柚幼叶12片,柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13菌株
试剂准备:①108CFU/ml柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13菌株的悬浮液,加入千分之三的SilwetL-77黏附剂;②50mM、100mM的丙酸钠溶液,加入千分之三的SilwetL-77黏附剂;③无菌水加入千分之三的SilwetL-77黏附剂
接种过程:喷洒无菌水为阴性对照,喷洒CQ13菌液为阳性对照,丙酸钠溶液处理后再喷洒CQ13为实验组,对照和实验组各3片叶子,将悬浮液均匀地喷洒在叶片两面,叶柄插入湿润的棉花中,将叶片和棉花置于有盖培养皿中,置于湿度80%,温度28℃的环境中,观察叶片发病情况。防治效果通过柑橘溃疡病病斑减少的程度来反映。
病斑减少率={对照组病斑数平均值-实验组病斑数平均值}/对照组病斑数的平均值×100%);该数值越大说明防治效果越好。
实验结论:在阳性对照中,溃疡病病斑布满了整个叶片,而喷施50mM、100mM丙酸钠的叶片中数病斑均减少,如图4所示。数据显示:50mM丙酸钠防效达79.0%以上,如表1所示,100mM丙酸钠防效达95.2%以上,如表2所示。
表1 针对葡萄柚叶中喷施50mM丙酸钠防治柑橘溃疡病菌的效果
表2 针对葡萄柚叶中喷施100mM丙酸钠防治柑橘溃疡病菌的效果
实施例3:丙酸钾(PP)喷雾接种检测防治效果
实验材料:生长一致的葡萄柚幼叶12片,柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13菌株
试剂准备:①108CFU/ml柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13菌株的悬浮液,加入千分之三的SilwetL-77黏附剂;②10mM、40mM的丙酸钾溶液,加入千分之三的SilwetL-77黏附剂;③无菌水加入千分之三的SilwetL-77黏附剂
接种过程:喷洒无菌水为阴性对照,喷洒CQ13菌液为阳性对照,丙酸钾溶液处理后再喷洒CQ13为实验组,对照和实验组各3片叶子,将悬浮液均匀地喷洒在叶片两面,叶柄插入湿润的棉花中,将叶片和棉花置于有盖培养皿中,置于湿度80%,温度28℃的环境中,观察叶片发病情况。防治效果判断方法同实施例2。
实验结论:在阳性对照中,溃疡病病斑布满了整个叶片,而喷施10mM、40mM丙酸钾的叶片仅有少数病斑出现,如图5所示。数据显示:20mM丙酸钾防效达79.2%以上,如表3所示,40mM丙酸钾防效达96.9%以上,如表4所示。
表3 针对葡萄柚叶中喷施20mM丙酸钾防治柑橘溃疡病菌的效果
表4 针对葡萄柚叶中柑橘溃疡病菌的喷施40mM丙酸钾的防治效果
实施例4:丙酸铵(AP)喷雾接种检测防治效果
实验材料:生长一致的葡萄柚幼叶12片,柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13菌株
试剂准备:①108CFU/ml柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13菌株的悬浮液,加入千分之三的SilwetL-77黏附剂;②5mM、10mM的丙酸铵溶液,加入千分之三的SilwetL-77黏附剂;③无菌水加入千分之三的SilwetL-77黏附剂
接种过程:喷洒无菌水为阴性对照,喷洒CQ13菌液为阳性对照,丙酸铵溶液处理后再喷洒CQ13为实验组,对照和实验组各3片叶子,将悬浮液均匀地喷洒在叶片两面,叶柄插入湿润的棉花中,将叶片和棉花置于有盖培养皿中,置于湿度80%,温度28℃的环境中,观察叶片发病情况。防治效果判断方法同实施例2。
实验结论:在阳性对照中,溃疡病病斑布满了整个叶片,而喷施5mM、10mM丙酸铵的叶片仅有少数病斑出现,如图5所示。数据显示:5mM丙酸铵防效达85.9%以上,如表5所示,10mM丙酸铵防效达98.9%以上,如表6所示。
表5 针对葡萄柚叶中喷施5mM丙酸铵防治柑橘溃疡病菌的效果
表6 针对葡萄柚叶中喷施10mM丙酸铵防治柑橘溃疡病菌的效果
实验例1:丙酸盐中阳离子对柑橘溃疡病菌生长的影响
实验材料:柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13菌株
试剂准备:①108CFU/ml柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13菌株的悬浮液;②50mM丙酸钠、50mM氯化钠;20mM丙酸钾、20mM氯化钾;5mM丙酸铵、5mM氯化铵;③无菌水
实验过程:将培养好的柑橘溃疡病菌的OD值调至0.5,分别在7个摇菌管中加入等量菌液,并依次加入等体积的ddH2O、50mM丙酸钠、50mM氯化钠、20mM丙酸钾、20mM氯化钾、5mM丙酸铵、5mM氯化铵;加ddH2O的为对照,随后将菌液放入28度摇床培养12h,测定OD600值
结果显示:初始OD600值为0.5的菌液,培养12小时后,对照组OD值为0.817,添加了50mM丙酸钠的菌液OD值为0.431,添加50mM氯化钠的菌液OD值为0.924;添加20mM丙酸钾的菌液OD值为0.413,添加20mM氯化钾的菌液OD值为0.902;添加5mM丙酸铵的菌液OD值为0.474,添加5mM氯化铵的菌液OD值为0.841,如图7所示。
实验结论:丙酸盐中的阳离子对柑橘溃疡病菌的生长无抑制作用。
实验例2:RNAseq探究抑制机理
实验材料:柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13菌株
实验过程:未处理的野生型柑橘溃疡病菌为对照组(SP0),0.5mM丙酸钠溶液(SP0.5)和50mM丙酸钠溶液(SP50)处理柑橘溃疡病菌的为实验组,每组三个生物学重复,共九个样品,提取它们的RNA,进行Illumina测序,对返回的测序数据进行分析,寻找差异基因并进行KEGG富集分析。
结果显示:①SP0.5中有40个基因上调表达,18个基因下调表达,而SP50中有522个基因上调表达,909个基因下调表达,如图7所示。
②核糖体生物合成、RNA聚合酶生物合成、糖代谢、细菌运动性、细胞呼吸等过程以及细菌分泌系统均受到很大影响,SP0.5的基因表达水平与SP0相差不大,而SP50相较于SP0变化幅度较大,具体表现为:核糖体基因均下调表达,RNA聚合酶的组成亚基有3/5下调表达;鞭毛蛋白除调控因子RpoN上调表达外,其他均下调表达,细菌趋化性相关蛋白均下调表达;糖代谢相关基因中,上下调约各占一半;双组份系统中的基因大部分下调表达,少数上调表达;细菌分泌系统相关基因几乎都下调表达,其中多数为IV型分泌系统中的基因;与细胞呼吸相关的基因均下调表达,如图8所示。
实验结论:丙酸钠影响柑橘溃疡病菌的核糖体生物合成、细胞运动性、细胞呼吸、双组份系统、分泌系统及糖代谢等方面。
实验例3:生物学实验验证RNAseq数据
(1)抑制鞭毛
实验材料:柑橘溃疡病菌CQ13菌株
实验过程:将野生型柑橘黄单胞杆菌划线培养在NA平板上,36小时后刮取黄豆粒大小的菌块,重悬于1ml NB培养基中,取5ul菌液分别滴到含有0mM、30mM以及100mM丙酸钠的NB+0.28%的软琼脂平板中央,通过柑橘溃疡病菌的游动性来反映丙酸钠对鞭毛的影响。
结果显示:添加30mM丙酸钠和100mM丙酸钠的软琼脂平板上,柑橘溃疡病菌游动范围小于未添加丙酸钠的软琼脂平板,其中100mM丙酸钠的平板中,细菌几乎不游动,说明100mM丙酸钠对鞭毛的抑制效果较好,如图9所示。
实验结论:30mM丙酸钠和100mM丙酸钠均能抑制柑橘黄单胞杆菌游动。
(2)抑制III型分泌系统
实验材料:野生型柑橘黄单胞杆菌
实验过程:未处理的野生型柑橘溃疡病菌为对照组,0.5mM丙酸钠溶液和50mM丙酸钠溶液处理柑橘溃疡病菌的为实验组,每组三个生物学重复,共九个样品,提取它们的RNA,反转成cDNA,以此为qRT-PCR的模板,检测三型分泌系统中毒力基因hrp/hrc基因的相对表达量,与实验例1中的SP0、SP0.5、SP50的RNAseq数据中hrp/hrc基因的表达量进行比较。
在0.5mM SP处理下,hrpG、hrpX、hrcQ、hrcU、hrpB1五个基因表达量均显著下调,在50mM SP处理下,hrpG、hrpX、hrcU、hrpB1四个基因的表达量显著下调,hrcQ的表达量上调,如图10左图所示。在RNAseq中,hrpG、hrpX在50mM丙酸钠处理下表达量下调,hrcQ在0.5mM丙酸钠处理下表达量下调,hrpB1在0.5mM和50mM丙酸钠处理下表达量均下调,如图10右图所示。
实验结论:在0.5mM和50mM丙酸钠处理下,三型分泌系统中hrp/hrc基因的表达量在RNAseq和qRT-PCR中具有一致性。
Claims (10)
1.丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,其特征在于,所述丙酸盐选自丙酸钠、丙酸钾和丙酸铵中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,其特征在于,所述丙酸钠的应用浓度为50-100mM。
4.根据权利要求3所述丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,其特征在于,所述丙酸钠的应用浓度为100mM。
5.根据权利要求2所述丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,其特征在于,所述丙酸钾的应用浓度为20-40mM。
6.根据权利要求5所述丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,其特征在于,所述丙酸钾的应用浓度为40mM。
7.根据权利要求2所述丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,其特征在于,所述丙酸铵的应用浓度为5-10mM。
8.根据权利要求7所述丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,其特征在于,所述丙酸铵的应用浓度为10mM。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,其特征在于,通过在叶片表面喷施丙酸盐水溶液。
10. 根据权利要求9所述丙酸盐在防治柑橘黄单胞杆菌中的应用,其特征在于,所述丙酸盐水溶液中的助剂为Silwet L-77。
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