CN116525667A - 高电子迁移率晶体管及其制作方法 - Google Patents

高电子迁移率晶体管及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN116525667A
CN116525667A CN202210078217.9A CN202210078217A CN116525667A CN 116525667 A CN116525667 A CN 116525667A CN 202210078217 A CN202210078217 A CN 202210078217A CN 116525667 A CN116525667 A CN 116525667A
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layer
metal
additive
electron mobility
high electron
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林个惟
邱钧杰
林君玲
黄淑旻
黄信富
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United Microelectronics Corp
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United Microelectronics Corp
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Priority to US17/676,216 priority patent/US20230238445A1/en
Priority to TW111130452A priority patent/TW202332059A/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开一种高电子迁移率电晶体晶体管及其制作方法,其中该高电子迁移率晶体管包括基底、沟道层、势垒层以及钝化层。一接触结构设置在该钝化层上并且延伸穿过该钝化层和该势垒层而与该沟道层直接接触。该接触结构包括一金属层,其中该金属层包括一金属材料以及掺杂在该金属材料中的第一添加剂。该第一添加剂于该金属层的重量百分浓度介于0%至2%之间。

Description

高电子迁移率晶体管及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体技术领域,特别是涉及一种高电子迁移率晶体管(highelectron mobility transistor,HEMT)结构及其制作方法。
背景技术
高电子迁移率晶体管(high electron mobility transistor,HEMT)为一种新兴的场效晶体管,其主要包括由多层不同半导体材料堆叠所构成的异质结构(heterostructure),通过半导体材料的选择可在异质结(heterojunction)附近区域形成二维电子气层(two dimensional electron gas,2DEG)作为电流的沟道区,可获得高切换速度及响应频率,特别适合应用在功率转换器、低噪声放大器、射频(RF)或毫米波(MMW)等技术领域中。为了符合高压、高频及更低功耗的应用,如何进一步降低高电子迁移率晶体管的接触电阻以提升输出功率,为本领域积极研究的课题。
发明内容
为达上述目的,本发明提供了一种高电子迁移率晶体管及其制作方法,其于制作接触结构的金属层中掺杂了至少一添加剂,其中该添加剂可与至少部分衬层反应而形成金属化合物层,可避免衬层与金属层材料反应而造成阻值提高。
根据本发明一实施例的高电子迁移率晶体管,包括一沟道层设置在一基底上,一势垒层设置在该沟道层上,一钝化层设置在该势垒层上,以及一接触结构设置在该钝化层上并且延伸穿过该钝化层和该势垒层而与该沟道层直接接触。该接触结构包括一衬层,以及一金属层位于该衬层上。该金属层包括一金属材料以及掺杂在该金属材料中的第一添加剂。该第一添加剂于该金属层的重量百分浓度介于0%至2%之间。
根据本发明一实施例的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,包括以下步骤。首先于一基底上形成一沟道层,接着于该沟道层上形成一势垒层,然后于该势垒层上形成一钝化层,再形成穿过该钝化层、该势垒层并且显露出部分该沟道层的一开口。接着,沿着该开口的底面和侧壁形成一衬层,然后于该衬层上形成一金属层,其中该金属层包括一金属材料以及掺杂在该金属材料中的第一添加剂,该第一添加剂于该金属层的重量百分浓度介于0%至2%之间。
附图说明
图1至图4为本发明一实施例的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法剖面示意图;
图5至图8为本发明另一实施例的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法剖面示意图;
图9至图12为本发明再另一实施例的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法剖面示意图。
主要元件符号说明
10 基底
12 缓冲层
14 沟道层
16 势垒层
18 栅极结构
20 钝化层
21 钝化层
22 钝化层
32 衬层
34 金属层
36 盖层
42 接触结构
43 接触结构
48 接触结构
18a 半导体栅极层
18b 金属栅极层
32' 金属化合物层
34a 金属材料
34b 第一添加剂
34c 第二添加剂
OP1 开口
OP2 开口
OP3 开口
OP4 开口
OP5 开口
OP6 开口
OP7 开口
P1 回火制作工艺
具体实施方式
为使熟悉本发明所属技术领域的一般技术人员能更进一步了解本发明,下文特列举本发明的优选实施例,并配合所附的附图,详细说明本发明的构成内容及所欲达成的功效。需知悉的是,以下所举实施例可以在不脱离本揭露的精神下,将数个不同实施例中的特征进行替换、重组、混合以完成其他实施例。
本发明的高电子迁移率晶体管可以是耗尽型(depletion mode)/常开型(normally-on)或增强型(enhancement mode)/常闭型(normally-off)的高电子迁移率晶体管,可应用在功率转换器、低噪声放大器、射频(RF)或毫米波(MMW)等技术领域中。
本发明实施例描述的高电子迁移率晶体管的栅极结构、源极结构和漏极结构的种类及形状仅为举例,以便于绘图及说明为目的,并不用于限制本发明。下文以包括金属-半导体栅极结构(metal-semiconductor gate structure)的高电子迁移率晶体管为例进行说明,应理解在其他实施例中,高电子迁移率晶体管可包括金属栅极结构(metal gatestructure)。
请参考图1至图4,所绘示为根据本发明一实施例的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法剖面示意图。如图1所示,首先提供一基底10,其上设有一叠层结构。叠层结构由下往上依序可包括缓冲层12、沟道层14、势垒层16、栅极结构18,以及钝化层20。本实施例中,栅极结构18为金属-半导体栅极结构,包括半导体栅极层18a和金属栅极层18b。根据本发明一实施例,叠层结构的制作方法可包括进行沉积制作工艺依序于基底10上形成缓冲层12、沟道层14、势垒层16、半导体栅极层18a和金属栅极层18b,接着蚀刻移除半导体栅极层18a和金属栅极层18b多余的部分以获得栅极结构18,再进行另一次沉积制作工艺来形成钝化层20覆盖住势垒层16和栅极结构18。适用的沉积制作工艺可包括分子束外延、氢化物气相外延、有机金属气相沉积、化学气相沉积、原子层沉积、物理气相沉积、分子束沉积、等离子体增强化学气相沉积,但不限于此。
基底10可包括硅基底、碳化硅(SiC)基底、蓝宝石(sapphire)基底、氮化镓基底、氮化铝基底,或由其他适合的材料所形成的基底。缓冲层12、沟道层14、势垒层16分别可具有单层或多层结构,并且分别可包括III-V族半导体化合物材料,例如分别可包括氮化镓(GaN)、氮化铝镓(AlGaN)、渐变氮化铝镓(graded AlGaN)、氮化铝铟(AlInN)、氮化铟镓(InGaN)、氮化铝镓铟(AlGaInN)、含掺杂氮化镓(doped GaN)、氮化铝(AlN),或上述的组合,但不限于此。根据本发明一实施例,缓冲层12的材料可包括氮化铝镓(AlGaN),沟道层14的材料可包括氮化镓(GaN),势垒层16的材料可包括氮化铝镓(AlGaN)。势垒层16与沟道层14的接面附近可包括二维电子气层,可用作高电子迁移率晶体管的平面电流沟道。
栅极结构18用于控制二维电子气层的导通和截止。半导体栅极层18a可包括N型掺杂三五族半导体材料、N型掺杂二六族半导体材料、未掺杂三五族半导体材料、未掺杂二六族半导体材料、P型掺杂三五族半导体材料或P型掺杂二六族半导体材料,但不限于此。根据本发明一实施例,半导体栅极层18a包括含镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)或其他合适掺杂的p型氮化镓(p-GaN)。金属栅极层18b可包括金属,例如金(Au)、钨(W)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、钛(Ti)、钼(Mo)、铜(Cu)、铝(Al)、钽(Ta)、钯(Pd)、铂(Pt),或上述金属的化合物(例如氮化物、硅化物或氧化物)、复合层或合金,但不限于此。根据本发明一实施例,金属栅极层18b可包括氮化钛(TiN)。半导体栅极层18a与金属栅极层18b之间可形成萧基接触(Schottky contact)而使栅极结构18还具有整流功能。钝化层20可包括绝缘材料,例如氧化硅(SiO2)、氮化硅(SiN)、氮氧化硅(SiON)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、氮化铝(AlN)、氮化硼(BN)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、氧化铪(HfO2)、氧化镧(La2O3)、氧化镏(Lu2O3)、氧化镧镏(LaLuO3)、高介电常数(high-k)介电材料、聚亚酰胺(polyimide,PI)、苯环丁烯(benzocyclobutene,BCB)、聚苯并恶唑(polybenzoxazole,PBO),但不限于此。根据本发明一实施例,钝化层20可包括氮化硅(Si3N4)。
如图2所示,接着,可对叠层结构进行蚀刻制作工艺,以于栅极结构18两侧形成穿过钝化层20和势垒层16并且显露出部分沟道层14的开口OP1,以及穿过栅极结构18正上方的钝化层20并且显露出部分金属栅极层18b的开口OP2。接着,可利用适合的沉积或镀膜制作工艺,于钝化层20上依序形成衬层32、金属层34和盖层36。衬层32共型地覆盖在钝化层20表面和开口OP1、开口OP2的侧壁和底面上,并且衬层32位于开口OP1内的部分可与势垒层16和沟道层14直接接触。衬层32位于开口OP2内的部分则可与栅极结构18的金属栅极层18b直接接触。衬层32、金属层34和盖层36分别可包括金属材料,例如金(Au)、钨(W)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、钛(Ti)、钼(Mo)、铜(Cu)、铝(Al)、钽(Ta)、钯(Pd)、铂(Pt)、上述金属的化合物、复合层或合金,但不限于此。值得注意的是,衬层32与金属层34需选择可与沟道层14之间形成欧姆接触(Ohmic contact)的材料。例如当沟道层14包括氮化镓(GaN),衬层32较佳主要包括钛(Ti),金属层34较佳主要包括铝(Al)。此外,金属层34中较佳可包括至少一种添加剂,以进一步改善欧姆接触的品质并提升金属层34的导电性和可靠度(例如抗电迁移性质)。根据本发明一实施例,金属层34可包括铝硅铜(AlSiCu)、铝锗铜(AlGeCu)或铝碳铜(AlCCu)。如图2所示,金属层34主体的金属材料34a为铝(Al),掺杂在金属材料34a中的第一添加剂34b的材料可包括硅(Si)、锗(Ge)和碳(C)的其中至少一者,掺杂在金属材料34a中的第二添加剂34c的材料可包括铜(Cu)。金属层34可通过镀膜制作工艺(例如电子束蒸镀或溅镀)来制作,其中可选择使用已掺有适当浓度的掺杂的金属材料34a靶材(例如包括适当浓度的硅、锗、碳、及/或铜等掺杂的铝靶材)来制作金属层34,或者也可以选择其他适用的方法在金属材料34a中掺入添加剂。第一添加剂34b(材料可为硅、锗或碳)于金属层34的重量百分浓度可介于0%至2%之间,第二添加剂34c(材料可为铜)于金属层34的重量百分浓度可介于0%至1%之间。盖层36可用于保护金属层34,例如可避免金属层34的材料被氧化或与其他层的材料反应。根据本发明一实施例,盖层36可包括氮化钛(TiN)。衬层32、金属层34和盖层36的厚度可根据需求调整。根据本发明一实施例,衬层32的厚度可介于10埃至200埃之间,金属层34的厚度可介于1000埃至3000埃之间,盖层36的厚度可介于250埃至350埃之间,但不限于此。
如图3所示,接着可进行回火制作工艺P1,以促进衬层32与沟道层14的材料反应,从而在开口OP1下部的金属层34和沟道层14之间形成欧姆接触,并将衬层32转变成金属化合物层32’。根据本发明一实施例,回火制作工艺P1的温度可介于摄氏450度至摄氏900度之间,时间可介于5分钟至60分钟之间,但不限于此。根据本发明一实施例,当沟道层14包括氮化镓(GaN),选择用钛(Ti)作为衬层32的主要材料,并搭配用包括硅(Si)、锗(Ge)及/或碳(C)的掺杂的铝(Al)作为金属层34的主要材料可获得较佳的欧姆接触,一方面是因为衬层32的钛会在回火制作工艺P1期间抓取沟道层14的氮反应而形成氮化钛(TiN),同时在沟道层14中造成大量的氮空缺(N-vacancy)。氮化钛的低功函数(3.7eV)搭配氮空缺于氮化镓(GaN)中产生n型重掺杂的效果,有利于形成低阻值的欧姆接触。另一方面是因为回火制作工艺P1期间,硅(Si)、锗(Ge)及/或碳(C)等掺杂会往金属层34和衬层32的交界处扩散并且和衬层32的钛(Ti)反应,从而将衬层32转化成包括硅化钛(TiSi)、锗化钛(TiGe)及/或碳化钛(TiC)的金属化合物层32’。硅化钛(TiSi)、锗化钛(TiGe)、碳化钛(TiC)均为低功函数材料,有利于与氮化镓沟道层14形成欧姆接触。金属化合物层32’的成分材料包括衬层32的材料和第一添加剂34b,例如可包括硅化钛(TiSi)、锗化钛(TiGe)和碳化钛(TiC)的其中至少一者(根据衬层32和第一添加剂34b的材料来决定)。值得注意的是,金属化合物层32’位于开口OP1底部的部分还可包括由衬层32与沟道层14反应而形成的氮化钛(TiN)。
如图4所示,接着可蚀刻移除盖层36、金属层34和金属化合物层32’多余的部分,获得接触结构42以及接触结构43。接触结构42(源极/漏极接触)分别位于栅极结构18两侧,穿过钝化层20和势垒层16而与沟道层14直接接触。接触结构43(栅极接触)位于栅极结构18正上方,与栅极结构18的金属栅极层18b直接接触。
本发明一优选实施例中使用铝硅铜(AlSiCu)、铝锗铜(AlGeCu)或铝碳铜(AlCCu)作为金属层34,可减少衬层32的钛(Ti)与金属层34的铝(Al)反应所形成的的铝化钛(TiAl3),因此可有效地改善由于铝化钛(TiAl3)所造成的高电阻问题。此外,金属化合物层32’还可作为扩散阻挡层,减少由于沟道层14的镓(Ga)往金属层34扩散而造成的镓空缺(Ga-vacancy)缺陷。综合来说,本发明可有效地降低接触结构42和接触结构43的电阻以及较佳的接触品质。
下文将针对本发明的不同实施例进行说明。为简化说明,以下说明主要描述各实施例不同之处,而不再对相同之处作重复赘述。各实施例中相同的元件是以相同的标号进行标示,以利于各实施例间互相对照。
请参考图5至图8,所绘示为根据本发明另一实施例的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法剖面示意图。本实施例与图1至图4所示实施例的主要差异在于,本实施例是先形成源极/漏极接触,再形成栅极接触。详细来说,如图5所示,可仅在栅极结构18两侧的叠层结构中蚀刻出开口OP1,而未在栅极结构18上的钝化层20中形成任何开口,然后形成衬层32、金属层34和盖层36于叠层结构上并填入开口OP1。接着如图6所示,进行回火制作工艺P1以促进衬层32与沟道层14的材料反应,从而在开口OP1下部的金属层34和沟道层14之间形成欧姆接触,并将衬层32转变成金属化合物层32’。接着如图7所示,蚀刻移除盖层36、金属层34和金属化合物层32’多余的部分,获得分别位于栅极结构18两侧并且与沟道层14直接接触的接触结构42(源极/漏极接触)。然后如图8所示,形成另一钝化层22覆盖住钝化层20和接触结构42,再于接触结构42正上方的钝化层22中蚀刻出开口OP3,于栅极结构18正上方的钝化层22和钝化层20中蚀刻出开口OP4,然后于钝化层22上形成金属层(图未示)并对所述金属层进行图案化,获得分别与接触结构42和栅极结构18直接接触的接触结构44和接触结构46(栅极接触)。钝化层22的材料可参考钝化层20适用的材料,在此不再重述。根据本发明一实施例,钝化层22与钝化层20可包括相同材料,例如氮化硅(Si3N4)。接触结构44和接触结构46可包括金属,例如金(Au)、钨(W)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、钛(Ti)、钼(Mo)、铜(Cu)、铝(Al)、钽(Ta)、钯(Pd)、铂(Pt)、上述金属的化合物、复合层或合金,但不限于此。
请参考图9至图12,所绘示为根据本发明再另一实施例的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法剖面示意图。本实施例与图1至图4所示实施例的主要差异在于,本实施例是先形成栅极接触,再形成源极/漏极接触。详细来说,如图9所示,在形成钝化层20后,可仅在栅极结构18正上方的钝化层20中蚀刻出开口OP5,然后于钝化层20上形成金属层(图未示)并对所述金属层进行图案化,获得与栅极结构18直接接触的接触结构46(栅极接触)。接着如图10所示,形成另一钝化层21覆盖住钝化层20和接触结构46,再蚀刻出位于栅极结构18两侧并且穿过钝化层21、钝化层20和势垒层16直到显露出部分沟道层14的开口OP6,以及穿过接触结构46正上方的钝化层21以显露出部分接触结构46的开口OP7,然后利用适合的沉积或镀膜制作工艺于钝化层21上形成衬层32、金属层34和盖层36并填入开口OP6和开口OP7。钝化层21的材料可参考钝化层20适用的材料,在此不再重述。根据本发明一实施例,钝化层21与钝化层20可包括相同材料,例如氮化硅(Si3N4)。接着如图11所示,进行回火制作工艺P1以促进衬层32与沟道层14的材料反应,从而在开口OP6下部的金属层34和沟道层14之间形成欧姆接触,并将衬层32转变成金属化合物层32’。后续如图12所示,蚀刻移除盖层36、金属层34和金属化合物层32’多余的部分,获得分别位于栅极结构18两侧并且与沟道层14直接接触的接触结构42(源极/漏极接触)以及位于接触结构46正上方并且与接触结构46直接接触的接触结构48。
综合以上,本发明的高电子迁移率晶体管使用衬层搭配使用包括至少一种添加剂的金属层,可在回火制作工艺后获得较低阻值的欧姆接触。由衬层的材料与添加剂的材料反应而获得的金属化合物层还可作为扩散阻挡层,减少沟道层的镓(Ga)往金属层扩散而造成的镓空缺(Ga-vacancy)缺陷。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,凡依本发明权利要求所做的均等变化与修饰,都应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种高电子迁移率晶体管,包括:
沟道层,设置在基底上;
势垒层,设置在该沟道层上;
钝化层,设置在该势垒层上;以及
接触结构,设置在该钝化层上,并且延伸穿过该钝化层和该势垒层而与该沟道层直接接触,其中该接触结构包括:
衬层;以及
金属层,位于该衬层上,其中该金属层包括金属材料以及掺杂在该金属材料中的第一添加剂,其中该第一添加剂于该金属层的重量百分浓度介于0%至2%之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该衬层与该沟道层、该势垒层和该钝化层直接接触。
3.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该衬层包括钛(Ti),该金属材料包括铝(Al)。
4.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该第一添加剂包括硅(Si)、锗(Ge)和碳(C)的其中至少一者。
5.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该金属层还包括掺杂在该金属材料中的第二添加剂,其中该第二添加剂于该金属层的重量百分浓度介于0%至1%之间。
6.如权利要求5所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该第二添加剂包括铜(Cu)。
7.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该金属层与该钝化层、该势垒层及该沟道层由该衬层区隔开,不直接接触。
8.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该衬层包括硅化钛(TiSi)、锗化钛(TiGe)、碳化钛(TiC)的其中至少一者。
9.如权利要求8所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该衬层还包括氮化钛(TiN)。
10.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该沟道层包括氮化镓(GaN),该势垒层包括氮化铝镓(AlGaN),该钝化层包括氮化硅(SiN)。
11.一种高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,包括:
在基底上形成沟道层;
在该沟道层上形成势垒层;
在该势垒层上形成钝化层;
形成穿过该钝化层、该势垒层并且显露出部分该沟道层的开口;
沿着该开口的底面和侧壁形成衬层;以及
在该衬层上形成金属层,其中该金属层包括金属材料以及掺杂在该金属材料中的第一添加剂,其中该第一添加剂于该金属层的重量百分浓度介于0%至2%之间。
12.如权利要求11所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,还包括:
进行回火制作工艺,其中该衬层与该第一添加剂于该回火制作工艺中反应形成金属化合物层。
13.如权利要求12所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该金属化合物层包括硅化钛(TiSi)、锗化钛(TiGe)、碳化钛(TiC)的其中至少一者。
14.如权利要求13所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该金属化合物层还包括氮化钛(TiN)。
15.如权利要求12所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该回火制作工艺的温度介于摄氏450度至900度之间。
16.如权利要求11所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该金属材料包括铝(Al),该第一添加剂包括硅(Si)、锗(Ge)、碳(C)的其中至少一者。
17.如权利要求11所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该金属层还包括掺杂在该金属材料中的第二添加剂,其中该第二添加剂于该金属层的重量百分浓度介于0%至1%之间。
18.如权利要求17所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该第二添加剂包括铜(Cu)。
19.如权利要求11所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该衬层直接接触该沟道层、该势垒层及该钝化层。
20.如权利要求11所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该沟道层包括氮化镓(GaN),该势垒层包括氮化铝镓(AlGaN),该钝化层包括氮化硅(SiN)。
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