CN116464904A - Vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container and liquid hydrogen filling method thereof - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container and liquid hydrogen filling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116464904A CN116464904A CN202310687385.2A CN202310687385A CN116464904A CN 116464904 A CN116464904 A CN 116464904A CN 202310687385 A CN202310687385 A CN 202310687385A CN 116464904 A CN116464904 A CN 116464904A
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 240
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 44
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010964 304L stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/013—Single phase liquid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container which comprises an outer container, an inner container, a heat-insulating layer and a filling system, wherein a bottle opening is arranged at the central position of one end closure head of the inner container, a supporting shaft is arranged at the central position of the other end closure head of the inner container, and the bottle opening and the supporting shaft extend along the axial direction and are supported between the outer container and the inner container; the filling system is used for pre-cooling the inner container and filling liquid hydrogen and comprises a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid outlet pipe and a blow-down pipe which extend into the inner container through a bottle opening; the liquid inlet pipe comprises a liquid inlet section and a filling section, the liquid inlet section is communicated with the outside, the filling section extends along the axial direction and is positioned at the upper part of the cavity inside the inner container, and the filling section is provided with at least 3 groups of perforated flow passages so that the temperature of the inner container is uniformly distributed in the precooling and filling processes. The invention solves the problems of thermally-induced failure behavior of the fiber composite material layer caused by an uneven temperature field in the liquid hydrogen filling process and waste of a large amount of liquid hydrogen evaporation caused by higher initial temperature before liquid hydrogen filling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature heat-insulating storage containers, in particular to a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container and a liquid hydrogen filling method thereof.
Background
The hydrogen energy has the characteristics of wide sources, cleanness and high efficiency, the application of the hydrogen energy is also becoming wide, the liquid hydrogen is an effective form for the current hydrogen energy development, and the hydrogen energy has obvious advantages in the aspects of quality hydrogen storage density, volume hydrogen storage density and the like. Liquid hydrogen storage is a key link to be developed in the hydrogen energy full industry chain, and particularly, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage technology matched with a hydrogen fuel cell or a hydrogen internal combustion engine is an important point of current development.
At present, the low-temperature heat-insulating storage container is typical equipment for realizing liquid hydrogen storage, the main structure of the low-temperature heat-insulating storage container comprises an inner container, a vacuum heat-insulating layer and an outer container, liquid hydrogen is stored in the inner container, and the heat-insulating storage of the liquid hydrogen is realized by utilizing the high heat-insulating effect of a vacuum environment. However, because of the large temperature difference between the liquid hydrogen and the environment, the liquid hydrogen inevitably absorbs heat and evaporates, so that the pressure in the heat-insulating storage container is increased, and the overpressure is discharged, so that the hydrogen resource is wasted, and the hydrogen safety problem is caused. In order to solve the problem, the national laboratory of Lorens-Lifromo in the United states proposes to replace a metal liner with lower working pressure in a traditional low-temperature heat-insulating storage container with a fiber composite material full-winding liner structure with certain pressure resistance, and improve the release pressure of the container, thereby increasing the nondestructive storage time of the container and obtaining certain application.
The liquid hydrogen filling process is a key link in the service period of the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container, and two technical problems are faced at the same time in the process, namely, the initial temperature in the heat-insulating storage container is higher, the liquid hydrogen filling causes obvious liquid hydrogen evaporation loss, and the pre-cooling process before the liquid hydrogen filling of the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container has higher requirements; secondly, the temperature field of the insulated storage vessel is strongly related to the liquid hydrogen filling process, which can cause uneven thermal deformation of the structure and cause structural damage or destruction, which is not significant for conventional metal vessels, but not negligible for fiber composites.
The improvement of the pre-cooling and filling technology for the liquid hydrogen storage container in the prior art mainly aims at a fixed low-temperature heat-insulating storage container, for example, a fixed liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container in CN114857490A, a jacket is arranged on the outer wall surface of the inner container, and the pre-cooling of the inner container to a liquid nitrogen temperature region is realized by filling the jacket with liquid nitrogen; in CN214306514U, a whole set of precooling spraying device is arranged outside a fixed heat-insulating storage container to solve the problems of overhigh temperature and overhigh temperature rise of the hydrogen storage container in the use process, and the hydrogen storage container is sprayed and cooled when the pipeline in the hydrogen storage container area is subjected to hydrogen leakage combustion.
However, the vacuum interlayer design thickness of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container is usually smaller due to the limitation of the vehicle-mounted storage space and the requirement of the container weight, the vacuum interlayer thickness of the fixed liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container with the effective volume of 1000L is about 15.8 and cm, the vacuum interlayer thickness of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container with the same volume is only about 2.5 and cm, the vacuum interlayer thickness in the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container is smaller, the precooling process of a jacket arranged in the fixed liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container or an external spraying system cannot be referred to, and the whole weight of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container is improved due to the introduction of the interlayer, so that the quality hydrogen storage density and the effective load are reduced. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the fiber composite material layer, higher requirements are put forward on the uniformity of temperature change, the problems of difficult installation and maintenance of filling and filling systems and the like exist, the design condition of the vehicle-mounted heat-insulating storage container is 5 times of gravity acceleration and 8-40 Hz road vibration, the connection reliability of the spraying device and a pipeline system is difficult to guarantee under the forced acceleration and strong vibration, and in addition, the requirement of uniformity of internal temperature distribution is difficult to guarantee in the prior art considering that the movable vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container is of a horizontal container structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. Therefore, the invention provides a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container and a liquid hydrogen filling method thereof, which solve the problems of thermally-induced failure behavior of a fiber composite material layer caused by an uneven temperature field in the liquid hydrogen filling process and waste of a large amount of liquid hydrogen evaporation caused by higher initial temperature before liquid hydrogen filling.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container comprises an outer container, an inner container, a heat-insulating layer and a filling system, wherein the inner container is arranged in the outer container, the heat-insulating layer is positioned between the outer container and the inner container, the inner container comprises a cylinder section and sealing heads at two ends, and the wall surface of the inner container sequentially comprises a metal lining layer and a fiber composite material layer from inside to outside; the central position of one end closure head of the inner container is provided with a bottle mouth, the central position of the other end closure head of the inner container is provided with a support shaft, and the bottle mouth and the support shaft extend along the axial direction and are supported between the outer container and the inner container; the filling system is used for pre-cooling of the inner container and filling liquid hydrogen and comprises a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid outlet pipe and a blow-down pipe which extend into the inner container through the bottle mouth; the liquid inlet pipe comprises a liquid inlet section and a filling section, the liquid inlet section is communicated with the outside, the filling section extends along the axial direction and is positioned at the upper part of the inner cavity of the inner container, and the filling section is provided with at least 3 groups of perforated runners so that the temperature of the inner container is uniformly distributed in the precooling and filling processes.
In the aspect of precooling, the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container cannot use a jacket process or an external spraying system adopted in the fixed heat-insulating storage container due to the fact that the space of the vehicle-mounted space and the space of the vacuum interlayer are limited less, meanwhile, due to the existence of the fiber composite material layers, if the two external precooling systems are adopted, the fiber composite material layers contacted with the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container are quickly cracked and destroyed under the action of extreme thermal stress due to quenching of liquid nitrogen, so that the internal pressure bearing capacity of the fiber composite material layers is reduced or lost, and therefore, the fiber composite material layers are slowly cooled by utilizing the heat transfer thermal resistance of the metal lining layers in the internal precooling mode through arranging the filling system in the internal container, so that the thermal stress level of the internal structure of the fiber composite material layers is reduced, the safety and the integrity of the container are guaranteed, and meanwhile, the heat-insulating storage container can be pre-cooled before filling, and the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen is maximally reduced.
In the aspect of filling, the structural safety of the fiber composite material layer is greatly influenced by low-temperature service conditions, and micro thermal stress in the structure can be caused in the fiber composite material layer under the low-temperature condition due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients of fibers and a matrix, so that the uneven temperature field caused by the liquid hydrogen filling process can cause thermal deformation of the fiber composite material layer on a macroscopic structure to cause macroscopic thermal stress at the fiber composite material layer, and at the moment, the failure risk of the fiber composite material layer under the action of the thermal stress can be remarkably increased due to the uneven temperature field caused by the liquid hydrogen filling, and the pressure bearing capacity of the fiber composite material layer is reduced. Therefore, through making the filling section extend along the axial and be located the top of inner container to set up the trompil runner that is not less than 3 groups on the filling section, make the even filling of liquid hydrogen along inner container axial direction, realize the even cooling of inner container inside gaseous phase space, the even cooling of liquid phase space along the axial, also reduced the structural damage danger that fiber composite material layer axial temperature layering caused.
Optionally, the perforated flow channel is formed by a plurality of holes distributed in a circumferential direction, and the length of the filling section is not smaller than that of the inner container barrel section so as to ensure uniform filling in the whole inner container.
Optionally, the bottleneck and the metal lining layer of the inner container are integrally formed or fixedly connected, and the other end of the bottleneck is connected with the outer container, so that the inner container is supported.
Optionally, the bottle further comprises an inner container distribution head and an outer container distribution head, wherein the inner container distribution head is arranged at a position corresponding to the inner container in the bottle mouth, and the outer container distribution head is arranged at a position corresponding to the outer container in the bottle mouth.
Optionally, the inner container distributing head and the outer container distributing head are respectively provided with three through holes, the liquid inlet pipe, the liquid outlet pipe and the blow-down pipe sequentially pass through the through holes of the inner container distributing head and the outer container distributing head and then communicate the inner part of the inner container with the outside, and the filling system is installed through the two distributing heads, so that one end of the filling system can extend into the inner part of the inner container, and the other end of the filling system is connected with an external system.
Optionally, the bottle mouth is filled with heat insulation cotton, and the heat insulation cotton wraps a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid outlet pipe and a blow-down pipe which are positioned between the outer container distribution head and the inner container distribution head, so as to reduce the heat leakage of the filling system pipeline.
Optionally, the filling section of feed liquor pipe passes through the pipe fitting connecting piece to be fixed the inside of inner container, the pipe fitting connecting piece includes pipe strap and rigid support, the pipe strap with fill section fixed connection, the pipe strap pass through rigid support with the inner wall surface of metal lining layer is connected.
Optionally, one end of the drain pipe is located at the bottom of the inner container, so as to facilitate the emptying of precooled liquid (such as liquid nitrogen), one end of the drain pipe is located at the top of the inner container, so as to facilitate the discharge of evaporation gas, and the liquid inlet pipe, the drain pipe and the drain pipe are in non-contact with each other and the inner wall surface of the inner container.
Optionally, the heat-insulating storage container is a horizontal container, so that the heat-insulating storage container is convenient to install on a vehicle.
In addition, the invention also provides a liquid hydrogen filling method of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container, which comprises the following steps:
s1: opening a liquid inlet pipe and a blow-down pipe, closing a liquid outlet pipe, uniformly filling liquid nitrogen into the inner container through the liquid inlet pipe, ensuring that the filling amount of the liquid nitrogen is not lower than the filling rate requirement of the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container, and uniformly pre-cooling the inner container to a liquid nitrogen temperature region;
s2: closing the liquid inlet pipe, opening the liquid outlet pipe and the blow-down pipe, pumping out liquid nitrogen in the inner container through the liquid outlet pipe, and closing the liquid outlet pipe;
s3: the vacuum pump connected with the blow-down pipe is used for pumping out low-temperature nitrogen in the inner container to ensure that the vacuum degree in the inner container is lower than 10 -1 Closing the blow-down pipe and the vacuum pump after Pa;
s4: opening a liquid inlet pipe and a blow-down pipe, uniformly filling liquid hydrogen into the inner container through the liquid inlet pipe, and simultaneously connecting the blow-down pipe with an external hydrogen collecting device for storing low-temperature hydrogen evaporated by heat absorption;
s5: and after the liquid hydrogen is filled to meet the requirement of the filling rate, closing all pipelines, and guaranteeing the adiabatic storage of the liquid hydrogen.
Optionally, between the step S1 and the step S2, further includes: s12: when the filling amount of liquid nitrogen reaches the filling rate requirement of the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container, the liquid inlet pipe and the emptying pipe are closed, and the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container is subjected to heat insulation and standing for a period of time, so that the temperatures of an internal fluid area of the inner container, the metal lining layer and the fiber composite material layer are reduced to a liquid nitrogen temperature area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) By improving the liquid inlet pipe structure of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container with the fiber composite material layer, the uniform filling of liquid hydrogen in the horizontal container is realized, the axial temperature layering effect of the heat-insulating storage container in the liquid hydrogen filling process is relieved, the uniform internal temperature distribution is promoted, the thermal stress level in the structure of the inner container is effectively reduced, and the structural safety of the inner container, particularly the fiber composite material layer, is ensured;
(2) By providing the pre-cooling system and the process method before filling the liquid hydrogen, the phenomenon of heat absorption and evaporation of a large amount of liquid hydrogen and liquid hydrogen waste caused by the heat absorption and evaporation of the liquid hydrogen caused by the high initial temperature inside the heat-insulating storage container is reduced, meanwhile, the problem of hydrogen safety caused by the fact that low-temperature hydrogen is discharged from the blow-down pipe after the liquid hydrogen is evaporated is effectively avoided, and the technical gap of the liquid hydrogen filling process of the vehicle-mounted heat-insulating storage container with the fiber composite material layer is filled.
These features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in more detail in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. The best mode or means of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but is not limited to the technical scheme of the present invention. In addition, these features, elements, and components are shown in plural in each of the following and drawings, and are labeled with different symbols or numerals for convenience of description, but each denote a component of the same or similar construction or function.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen adiabatic storage container according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of an inner container dispensing head or outer container dispensing head according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a liquid inlet pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a feed tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the temperature distribution of a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen adiabatic storage container and a conventional structure in a liquid hydrogen filling process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the metal lining layer 101, the fiber composite material layer 102, the bottle mouth 103, the heat insulation layer 104, the outer container 105, the support 106, the support shaft 107, the liquid inlet pipe 108, the electronic liquid level meter 109, the pipe fitting connector 110, the blow-down pipe 111, the liquid outlet pipe 112, the inner container distributing head 113, the heat insulation cotton 114, the outer container distributing head 115, the liquid inlet section 116, the filling section 117, the perforated runner 118, the through hole 119 and the through hole 120.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The examples in the embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an example" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment itself can be included in at least one embodiment of the present patent disclosure. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container comprises an outer container 105, an inner container, a heat-insulating layer 104 and a filling system, wherein the inner container is arranged inside the outer container 105, the heat-insulating layer 104 is positioned between the outer container 105 and the inner container, the inner container comprises a cylinder section and sealing heads at two ends, and the wall surface of the inner container sequentially comprises a metal lining layer 101 and a fiber composite material layer 102 from inside to outside; the central position of the end closure of the inner container is provided with a bottle mouth 103, the central position of the end closure of the other end is provided with a supporting shaft 107, the bottle mouth 103 and the supporting shaft extend along the axial direction and are supported between the outer container 105 and the inner container, and the two ends of the inner container are supported through the bottle mouth 103 and the supporting shaft 107. In one embodiment, the bottle opening 103 is valve-seat, the bottle opening 103 and the supporting shaft 107 are fixedly connected with the metal lining layer 102, and a vacuum heat insulation layer 104 is formed between the inner container and the outer container 105.
An inner container dispensing head 113 is provided in the interior of the bottle mouth 103 at a position corresponding to the inner container, an outer container dispensing head 115 is provided in the interior of the bottle mouth 103 at a position corresponding to the outer container 105, and three through holes are provided in each of the inner container dispensing head 113 and the outer container dispensing head 115.
A filling system inlet pipe 108, a outlet pipe 112 and a blow-down pipe 111; the liquid inlet pipe 108, the liquid outlet pipe 112 and the blow-down pipe 111 are connected at one end to a system located outside the outer container 105, such as a liquid source, a gas or liquid/gas collection tank, a vacuum pump, etc., and at the other end extend into the interior of the inner container through holes in the inner container dispensing head 113 and the outer container dispensing head 115, respectively, wherein the end of the liquid inlet pipe 108 is located near the top of the upper part of the inner cavity of the inner container to ensure that a predetermined filling rate can be achieved, and the end of the blow-down pipe 111 is also located at the top of the inner container because the gas is generally located above the liquid, while the end of the liquid outlet pipe 112 is located at the bottom of the inner container to facilitate the evacuation of the liquid. At the same time, the liquid inlet pipe 108, the liquid outlet pipe 112 and the blow-down pipe 111 are not in contact with each other and the inner wall surface of the inner container.
The liquid inlet pipe 108 comprises a liquid inlet section 116 and a filling section 117, wherein the liquid inlet section 116 is communicated with the outside through an inner container distribution head 113 and an outer container distribution head 115, the filling section 117 extends along the axial direction and is positioned at the upper part of an inner cavity of the inner container, the filling section 117 is provided with at least 3 groups of open-pore runners 118 so as to uniformly distribute the temperature of the inner container in the pre-cooling and filling processes, and the length of the filling section 117 is not less than the length of a barrel section so as to ensure that uniform filling can be realized in the whole inner container.
The filling section 117 of the inlet pipe 108 is fixed inside the inner container by a pipe connection 110. In one embodiment, the pipe connection 110 includes a pipe clamp and a rigid support, the pipe clamp is fixedly connected to the filling section 117, and the pipe clamp is connected to the inner wall surface of the metal lining layer 101 by the rigid support.
The bottle mouth 103 is filled with heat insulation cotton 114, and the heat insulation cotton 114 wraps the liquid inlet pipe 108, the liquid outlet pipe 112 and the blow-down pipe 111 which are arranged in the bottle mouth 103 and are positioned between the outer container distribution head 115 and the inner container distribution head 113, so as to reduce the heat leakage of the filling system pipeline.
The interior of the inner container is provided with an electronic level gauge 109 which can monitor the level or filling rate of the internal liquid hydrogen in real time. The bottom of the outer vessel 105 is provided with a support 106 for mounting and securing the entire insulated storage vessel in a mobile scene.
In one embodiment, the inner container dispensing head 113 and the outer container dispensing head 115 are of identical construction, as shown in fig. 2. The distribution head is installed in the valve seat type bottleneck 103, and based on the design dimensions of the liquid inlet pipe 108, the blow-down pipe 111 and the liquid outlet pipe 112, the distribution head is respectively provided with through holes 120 with the same diameter as the liquid inlet pipe 108, the blow-down pipe 111 and the liquid outlet pipe 112, and the distribution head is used for installing and fixing a pipeline system and ensuring that all pipelines in the pipeline system are mutually contactless.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3-4, the filling section 117 of the liquid inlet pipe 108 has a specific structure, at least 3 groups of open-pore runners 118 are uniformly distributed on the filling section 117 along the axial direction, and each group of open-pore runners 118 is composed of 8 through holes 119 with the same diameter and uniformly distributed along the circumference.
The following is a specific application of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat insulation storage container of the invention in passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles.
The domestic heat-insulating storage container is widely applied to the field of commercial vehicles, and has the advantages of increasing the driving mileage and improving the environmental benefit and the economic benefit. At present, the means for assembling 1000L of the thermal insulation storage container by the heavy truck has higher technical maturity, and the specific application analysis of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen thermal insulation storage container is performed based on the same volume parameter and structural design requirement, and the specific design parameters are as follows:
the size of the barrel section of the inner container is phi 820 multiplied by 1500, and the two ends of the barrel section of the inner container are respectively provided withAll adopt the standard oval head that draw ratio is 1:2, metal inner liner 101 thickness is 5.0 mm in the inner container, and fibrous composite material layer 102 thickness is 12.0 mm. The vacuum insulation layer 104 has a thickness of 28.0. 28.0 mm and a vacuum level of less than 1×10 -2 Pa. The size of the outer container barrel body is phi 876 multiplied by 1660, and standard elliptical sealing heads with the length-diameter ratio of 1:2 are adopted at both ends. The liquid inlet pipe 108, the liquid outlet pipe 112 and the blow-down pipe 111 of the filling system are all welded steel pipes with nominal diameters phi 20, wherein the length of a filling section 117 of the liquid inlet pipe 108 is 1550.0 mm, 3 groups of perforated flow passages 118 are arranged in the filling section 117 of the liquid inlet pipe 108, and each group of perforated flow passages 118 consists of 8 through holes 119 with diameters phi 3.5 and uniformly distributed along the circumference. The inner container distributing head and the outer container distributing head are of phi 110 multiplied by 40 in size, three through holes with nominal diameters phi 20 matched with the pipeline of the filling system are arranged on the inner container distributing head and the outer container distributing head, and the three through holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction at 120 degrees.
The materials of the metal inner liner 101, the outer container 105, the liquid inlet pipe 108, the liquid outlet pipe 112, the blow-down pipe 111 and other metal structures are all made of 304L stainless steel, and the density of the materials in the liquid hydrogen-liquid nitrogen temperature is 8.03 g/cm 3 Specific heat is 231.0J/kg/K, and heat conduction coefficient is 8.3W/m/K; the material of the fiber composite material layer 102 is a T700 carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite material system, the macroscopic thermodynamic performance of which can be approximately isotropic, and the density of the material at the temperature of liquid hydrogen-liquid nitrogen is 1.51 g/cm 3 Specific heat was 915.0J/kg/K and the heat conductivity was 1.0W/m/K. In the process of filling liquid hydrogen, hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container presents a two-phase flow state, wherein the density of the hydrogen gas in the liquid hydrogen-liquid nitrogen temperature is 8.2 multiplied by 10 -5 g/cm 3 Specific heat of 1.1X10 4 J/kg/K, thermal conductivity 0.05W/m/K, viscosity 2.0X10 -6 kg/m/s; the density of the liquid hydrogen is 0.071 g/cm 3 Specific heat was 9.8X10 3 J/kg/K, thermal conductivity 0.1. 0.1W/m/K, viscosity 1.3X10 -5 kg/m/s。
For the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container which is delivered from the factory for the first time or is not used for a long time, the fluid area in the heat-insulating storage container, the metal lining layer 101 and the fiber composite material layer 102 are required to be pre-cooled to the liquid nitrogen temperature in advance before liquid hydrogen filling, so that waste caused by heat absorption and evaporation of a large amount of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen filling process is reduced. The specific operation flow is as follows:
(1) Preparing enough liquid nitrogen, opening the liquid inlet pipe 108 and the blow-down pipe 111, closing the liquid outlet pipe 112, controlling the liquid nitrogen filling rate to be 1.2kg/s by adjusting a valve of an external liquid nitrogen tank, and uniformly filling the liquid nitrogen into the inner container from the top in an open flow passage 118 of the liquid inlet pipe 108 along the axial direction so as to uniformly cool the inside of the heat-insulating storage container;
(2) When the electronic liquid level meter 109 shows that the liquid nitrogen filling rate reaches 90%, the liquid inlet pipe 108 and the emptying pipe 111 are closed, and the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container is subjected to heat insulation and standing for 2 hours, so that the temperatures of an internal fluid area of the inner container, the metal lining layer 101 and the fiber composite material layer 102 are reduced to the liquid nitrogen temperature;
(3) Opening the blow-down pipe 111 and the liquid outlet pipe 112, pumping liquid nitrogen in the inner container into an external liquid nitrogen tank by using a liquid nitrogen pump, and closing the liquid outlet pipe 112 after the fullness rate displayed by the electronic liquid level meter 109 is reduced to be approximately 0 and unchanged for a long time;
(4) The evacuation pipe 111 is connected with an external vacuum pump to pump out low-temperature nitrogen gas in the inner container until the vacuum degree in the inner container is lower than 10 -1 Closing the vacuum pump and the blow-down pipe 111 after Pa;
(5) Preparing enough liquid hydrogen, opening the liquid inlet pipe 108 and the blow-down pipe 111, closing the liquid outlet pipe 112, controlling the liquid hydrogen filling rate to be 0.08 kg/s by adjusting a valve of an external liquid hydrogen tank, filling the liquid hydrogen from the top of the liquid inlet pipe 108 into the heat-insulating storage container uniformly along the axial direction in the open flow channel 108, and simultaneously extracting low-temperature hydrogen generated by evaporation from the blow-down pipe 111 in time and collecting and storing the low-temperature hydrogen in the external hydrogen storage container;
(6) After the electronic liquid level meter 109 shows that the liquid hydrogen filling rate reaches 80%, all the pipelines are closed to ensure the heat insulation and the nondestructive storage of the liquid hydrogen, and the heat insulation storage container pipeline system is connected with the heavy truck hydrogen fuel system pipeline and the valve seat to ensure the subsequent vehicle-mounted use requirement.
In conventional on-board liquid hydrogen insulated storage containers, liquid hydrogen is typically injected from a mid-point or top-point at the end of the inner container in the form of a spray. The temperature distribution of the liquid hydrogen in the axial direction inside the liquid hydrogen insulated storage vessel of this embodiment is shown in fig. 5, compared with the conventional structure, at the filling rate of 0.08 kg/s. The results show that the axial temperature stratification (i.e. the temperature difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature) inside the insulated storage container is most remarkable in the early stage of liquid hydrogen filling, and at the same time, the maximum temperature stratification of the insulated storage container with the traditional structure along the axial direction can reach 54.5K, and the temperature distribution is strongly related to the axial position, while the maximum temperature stratification of the insulated storage container with the liquid hydrogen along the axial direction in the embodiment is only 18.2K, and the temperature corresponding to the axial position of the open-pore flow channel 118 is relatively low. Because the total thermal stress level of the inner container and the temperature layering level are basically in a proportional relationship, the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container provided by the embodiment can be judged to be capable of effectively relieving the total axial thermal stress level in the liquid hydrogen filling process.
Furthermore, the derivative of temperature with axial position in the insulated storage vessel characterizes local temperature stratification at a certain axial position, also reflecting the local thermal stress level in the axial direction of the insulated storage vessel. As can be seen from further analysis in FIG. 5, the maximum temperature change rate in the axial direction of the insulated storage vessel of the conventional structure was 0.124. 0.124K/mm, whereas the maximum temperature change rate in the axial direction of the insulated storage vessel of the present example was 0.092K/mm, which is smaller than the level of the insulated storage vessel of the conventional structure. Therefore, the embodiment provides that the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen heat insulation storage container with uniform liquid inlet is obviously reduced in the aspects of the overall thermal stress level and the local thermal stress level, and the structural safety in the liquid hydrogen filling process is ensured.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention includes but is not limited to the accompanying drawings and the description of the above specific embodiment. Any modifications which do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a on-vehicle liquid hydrogen thermal insulation storage container, includes outer container, inner container, heat insulating layer and filling system, the inner container installation is located the inside of outer container, the heat insulating layer is located between outer container and the inner container, its characterized in that:
the inner container comprises a barrel section and sealing heads at two ends, and the wall surface of the inner container sequentially comprises a metal lining layer and a fiber composite material layer from inside to outside;
the central position of one end closure head of the inner container is provided with a bottle mouth, the central position of the other end closure head of the inner container is provided with a support shaft, and the bottle mouth and the support shaft extend along the axial direction and are supported between the outer container and the inner container;
the filling system is used for pre-cooling of the inner container and filling liquid hydrogen and comprises a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid outlet pipe and a blow-down pipe which extend into the inner container through the bottle mouth;
the liquid inlet pipe comprises a liquid inlet section and a filling section, the liquid inlet section is communicated with the outside, the filling section extends along the axial direction and is positioned at the upper part of the inner cavity of the inner container, and the filling section is provided with at least 3 groups of perforated runners so that the temperature of the inner container is uniformly distributed in the precooling and filling processes.
2. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen adiabatic storage container of claim 1, wherein: the perforated flow passage consists of a plurality of holes distributed in a circumferential direction, and the length of the filling section is not smaller than that of the inner container barrel section.
3. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen adiabatic storage container of claim 1, wherein: the bottle mouth and the metal lining layer of the inner container seal head are integrally formed or fixedly connected.
4. A vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen adiabatic storage container according to claim 3, wherein: the bottle further comprises an inner container distribution head and an outer container distribution head, wherein the inner container distribution head is arranged at a position corresponding to the inner container in the bottle mouth, and the outer container distribution head is arranged at a position corresponding to the outer container in the bottle mouth.
5. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen thermal insulation storage container of claim 4, wherein: the inner container distributing head and the outer container distributing head are respectively provided with three through holes, and the inner container is communicated with the outside after the liquid inlet pipe, the liquid outlet pipe and the blow-down pipe sequentially pass through the through holes of the inner container distributing head and the outer container distributing head.
6. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen thermal insulation storage container of claim 5, wherein: the bottle mouth is filled with heat insulation cotton, and the heat insulation cotton wraps a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid outlet pipe and a blow-down pipe which are positioned between the outer container distribution head and the inner container distribution head.
7. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen thermal insulation storage container of claim 6, wherein: the filling section of the liquid inlet pipe is fixed in the inner container through a pipe fitting connecting piece, the pipe fitting connecting piece comprises a pipe clamp and a rigid support column, the pipe clamp is fixedly connected with the filling section, and the pipe clamp is connected with the inner wall surface of the metal lining layer through the rigid support column.
8. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen adiabatic storage container of claim 7, wherein: one end of the liquid outlet pipe is positioned at the bottom of the inner container, one end of the blow-down pipe is positioned at the top of the inner container, and the liquid inlet pipe, the liquid outlet pipe and the blow-down pipe are in non-contact with each other and the inner wall surface of the inner container.
9. The on-board liquid hydrogen thermal insulation storage container according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the heat-insulating storage container is a horizontal container.
10. A liquid hydrogen filling method of an on-vehicle liquid hydrogen insulated storage vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
s1: opening a liquid inlet pipe and a blow-down pipe, closing a liquid outlet pipe, uniformly filling liquid nitrogen into the inner container through the liquid inlet pipe, ensuring that the filling amount of the liquid nitrogen is not lower than the filling rate requirement of the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container, and uniformly pre-cooling the inner container to a liquid nitrogen temperature region;
s2: closing the liquid inlet pipe, opening the liquid outlet pipe and the blow-down pipe, pumping out liquid nitrogen in the inner container through the liquid outlet pipe, and closing the liquid outlet pipe;
s3: the vacuum pump connected with the blow-down pipe is used for pumping out low-temperature nitrogen in the inner container to ensure that the vacuum degree in the inner container is lower than 10 -1 Closing the blow-down pipe and the vacuum pump after Pa;
s4: opening a liquid inlet pipe and a blow-down pipe, uniformly filling liquid hydrogen into the inner container through the liquid inlet pipe, and simultaneously connecting the blow-down pipe with an external hydrogen collecting device for storing low-temperature hydrogen evaporated by heat absorption;
s5: and after the liquid hydrogen is filled to meet the requirement of the filling rate, closing all pipelines, and guaranteeing the adiabatic storage of the liquid hydrogen.
11. The liquid hydrogen filling method according to claim 10, further comprising, between step S1 and step S2:
s12: when the filling amount of liquid nitrogen reaches the filling rate requirement of the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container, the liquid inlet pipe and the emptying pipe are closed, and the liquid hydrogen heat-insulating storage container is subjected to heat insulation and standing for a period of time, so that the temperatures of an internal fluid area of the inner container, the metal lining layer and the fiber composite material layer are reduced to a liquid nitrogen temperature area.
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Application publication date: 20230721 |