CN105170212A - Device and method for realizing cold-state vacuum by liquid nitrogen self-freezing - Google Patents
Device and method for realizing cold-state vacuum by liquid nitrogen self-freezing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105170212A CN105170212A CN201510572692.1A CN201510572692A CN105170212A CN 105170212 A CN105170212 A CN 105170212A CN 201510572692 A CN201510572692 A CN 201510572692A CN 105170212 A CN105170212 A CN 105170212A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and method for cold-state vacuum, in particular to a device and method for realizing the cold-state vacuum by liquid nitrogen self-freezing. According to the device and method disclosed by the invention, by taking nitrogen as a working medium, by utilizing gas phase and liquid phase coexistence of a substance in a confined space, part of gaseous nitrogen is pumped away through a low-temperature vacuum pump to reduce the vacuum degree of the confined space, and the liquid nitrogen absorbs heat to be gasified in a low-pressure state and is pumped away, therefore the self-freezing phenomenon occurs, so that the liquid nitrogen is cooled and cold energy is stored. By utilizing the characteristic that the difference between the boiling point and the melting point of the nitrogen is very small, through the heat transfer action of the inner walls of adjacent containers, the cold energy is released to liquefy and even solidify the gaseous nitrogen in the adjacent containers, so that the goals of cooling and depressurization are achieved in the adjacent containers so as to form a cold-state vacuum space.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and method of cold conditions vacuum, especially relating to a kind of liquid nitrogen from freezing the device and method realizing cold conditions vacuum.
Background technology
Some Physical Experiments or test, as icing wind tunnel test, need the vacuum environment of a creation cold conditions.Namely, in relative confined space, meet two conditions: environment temperature is lower, as reached-196 DEG C simultaneously; Vacuum is lower, low vacuum or high vacuum.Realize the vacuum space of cold conditions, traditional method is that reduce confined space temperature and vacuum, the cold conditions vacuum space of formation short time, is then connected with vacuum tank, meets test requirements document by spraying liquid nitrogen in certain confined space.All need to spray liquid nitrogen owing to testing at every turn, liquid nitrogen utilization rate is low, and the nitrogen discharge of low temperature is in air, the plant of easy freezing surrounding environment.
Summary of the invention
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly solved by following technical proposals:
Liquid nitrogen, from freezing the device realizing cold conditions vacuum, is characterized in that, comprising: a three-layer container of the formation of being inserted in successively from outside to inside, respectively:
Outermost layer V3: protect as cold insulation;
Intermediate course V2: the space that this interlayer and outermost layer V3 are formed is used for being filled with part liquid nitrogen, as working media;
Internal layer V1: the to be liquefied or gas that solidifies;
Wherein, the space that this interlayer of intermediate course V2 and outermost layer V3 are formed is communicated with pipeline L3 with L4 passing into the external world, and pipeline L4 is provided with valve J6, and pipeline L3 is provided with valve J3, with cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 composition, valve J5 and cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 is connected between valve J4 and valve J5 after connecting; Liquid level gauge H1 is provided with, temperature sensor T2 in the space that this interlayer of intermediate course V2 and outermost layer V3 are formed;
Be provided with temperature in the space of internal layer V1 and pass device T1, vacuum meter K1, be connected with the space in internal layer V1 and pass into extraneous pipeline L1 and pipeline L2, pipeline L1 is connected with testing equipment, pipeline L1 establishes Subzero valve J1, pipeline L2 has valve J2, pipeline L2 plays emptying;
Fixed by some intermediate course V2 bearings between described intermediate course V2 and internal layer V1; Fixed by outermost layer V3 interlayer heat-insulating support between described intermediate course V2 and internal layer V1.
The physical characteristic utilizing nitrogen of the invention: boiling point-195.8 DEG C, fusing point is-210 DEG C, and the temperature range from liquid nitrogen cooling to solid nitrogen is narrower.Design a kind of three-layer container, outer layer interlayer V3 is heat-insulation layer, be incubated by filling multilayer heat-insulating material or high vacuum mode, interlayer V2 is filled with part liquid nitrogen after nitrogen displacement, because the liquid nitrogen temperature be filled with is-196 DEG C, in airtight normal pressure mezzanine space, liquid nitrogen is liquid and gas two-phase coexistents.By cryogenic vacuum pumps, the gas phase nitrogen above V2 is extracted out, in container, vacuum reduces, nitrogen heat absorption near liquid nitrogen upper surface produces vaporization, the nitrogen of gas phase is constantly taken away by vavuum pump, constantly take away the heat in liquid nitrogen, aggravation liquid nitrogen cooling, make, in V2 space, " certainly freezing " occurs, the liquid nitrogen cooling of V2 thereupon, is down to-210 DEG C and solidify to part.By adjacent inner wall heat transfer effect, inner space V1 temperature is reduced, in V1, gas is lowered the temperature rapidly liquefaction or solidify and invest on inner surface wall, thus V1 pressure is declined, and namely in V1, realizes cold conditions vacuum space.
At above-mentioned a kind of liquid nitrogen from freezing the device realizing cold conditions vacuum, described intermediate course V2 bearing adopts the cryogenic material the same with tank skin; Bearing is divided into hold-down support and sliding support two kinds of forms, the elimination cooling that order is or the stress deformation caused because thermograde changes greatly when heating up; Outermost layer V3 adopts high vacuum or multilayer insulant, plays cold and heat insulation effect, makes V2 maintain low temperature.
At above-mentioned a kind of liquid nitrogen from freezing the device realizing cold conditions vacuum, outermost layer V3, intermediate course V2 and internal layer V1 are the different tank body of three volumes, and tank body shape can be horizontal type structure, or spherical structure, or both combine.
At above-mentioned a kind of liquid nitrogen from freezing the device realizing cold conditions vacuum, the part that pipeline L1, pipeline L2, pipeline L3 are between interlayer adopts bellows type of attachment.
Liquid nitrogen, from freezing the method realizing cold conditions vacuum, is characterized in that, comprising:
The step of intermediate course V2 space nitrogen displacement: under normal temperature and pressure, pass into pure nitrogen by air displacement in intermediate course V2; Close J5, open J3, J4, J6, be filled with liquid state, be vented from pipeline L4 from pipeline L3, after being filled with liquid nitrogen cooling, and make the liquid nitrogen keeping set volume in V2, liquid level will lower than the interface of pipeline L3 and V2;
Intermediate course V2 vacuumizes the step of cooling: treat that in intermediate course V2, heat exchange terminates, gas phase and liquid equilibrium, closes J6; Open valve J3 and valve J5; Valve-off J4, and open cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 and start to vacuumize, makes the gas-phase space step-down in the liquid nitrogen overhead in intermediate course V2, makes liquid gas issue to be conigenous in low vacuum state and freeze; According to the difference of vacuum, cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 can be divided into plural parallel stage;
The step that internal layer V1 lowers the temperature: now valve J1 is for closing closed state, and the low temperature in V2, by inwall heat transfer effect, makes the gas in internal layer V1 constantly be liquefied or solidify, rapid decrease temperature and pressure, realizes cold conditions vacuum; Vacuum meter K1 measures the vacuum in internal layer V1, and temperature passes the temperature in device T1 measurement internal layer V1;
After forming stable cold conditions vacuum V1, now, J1, J2, J3 close; During work, open J1, V1 is communicated with test mechanism.
Therefore, tool of the present invention has the following advantages: 1, utilize the liquid nitrogen of-196 DEG C to be working medium, and by vacuumizing, when utilizing low vacuum state, " certainly freezing " phenomenon occurs liquid nitrogen, creates a kind of airtight vacuum environment lower than-196 DEG C, meets scientific experiment requirement; 2, environmental protection, nitrogen consuming amount is few.Compared with spraying the method for liquid nitrogen, taking partial gas phase nitrogen away for consuming nitrogen, consuming nitrogen amount and greatly reducing.Owing to reducing the discharge of low temperature nitrogen, the destruction to surrounding environment (as vegetation) can be reduced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is main TV structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A line sectional structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structure for amplifying schematic diagram at I place in Fig. 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment:
One, first introduce device used by the present invention, comprise a three-layer container of the formation of being inserted in successively from outside to inside, respectively:
1, outermost layer V3: protect as cold insulation;
2, intermediate course V2: the space that this interlayer and outermost layer V3 are formed is used for being filled with part liquid nitrogen, as working media;
3, internal layer V1: the to be liquefied or gas that solidifies; Fixed by some intermediate course V2 bearings between intermediate course V2 and internal layer V1; Fixed by outermost layer V3 interlayer heat-insulating support between described intermediate course V2 and internal layer V1.
Wherein, the space that this interlayer of intermediate course V2 and outermost layer V3 are formed is communicated with pipeline L3 with L4 passing into the external world, and pipeline L4 is provided with valve J6, and pipeline L3 is provided with valve J3, with cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 composition, valve J5 and cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 is connected between valve J4 and valve J5 after connecting; Liquid level gauge H1 is provided with, temperature sensor T2 in the space that this interlayer of intermediate course V2 and outermost layer V3 are formed;
Be provided with temperature in the space of internal layer V1 and pass device T1, vacuum meter K1, be connected with the space in internal layer V1 and pass into extraneous pipeline L1 and pipeline L2, pipeline L1 is connected with testing equipment, pipeline L1 establishes Subzero valve J1, pipeline L2 has valve J2, pipeline L2 plays emptying; The part that pipeline L1, pipeline L2, pipeline L3 are between interlayer adopts bellows type of attachment.
Intermediate course V2 bearing adopts cryogenic material (stainless steel); Bearing is divided into hold-down support and sliding support two kinds of forms (in the present embodiment, hold-down support and sliding support are the universal of prior art, do not repeat them here concrete structure), the elimination cooling that order is or the stress deformation caused because thermograde changes greatly when heating up; Outermost layer V3 adopts high vacuum or multilayer insulant, plays cold and heat insulation effect, makes V2 maintain low temperature.Outermost layer V3, intermediate course V2 and internal layer V1 are the different tank body of three volumes, and tank body shape can be horizontal type structure, or spherical structure, or both combinations.
Two, introduce this device of employing below and carry out liquid nitrogen from freezing the method realizing cold conditions vacuum, comprising:
The step of intermediate course V2 space nitrogen displacement: under normal temperature and pressure, pass into pure nitrogen by air displacement in intermediate course V2; Close J5, open J3, J4, J6, be filled with liquid state, be vented from pipeline L4 from pipeline L3, after being filled with liquid nitrogen cooling, and make the liquid nitrogen (in theory, as long as filled with liquid nitrogen is just passable) keeping set volume in V2, liquid level will lower than the interface of pipeline L3 and V2;
Intermediate course V2 vacuumizes the step of cooling: treat that in intermediate course V2, heat exchange terminates, gas phase and liquid equilibrium, closes J6; Open valve J3 and valve J5; Valve-off J4, and open cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 and start to vacuumize, make the gas-phase space step-down in the liquid nitrogen overhead in intermediate course V2, liquid nitrogen in a low voltage state endothermic gasification is pumped, thus makes liquid nitrogen issue to be conigenous in low vacuum state and freeze; According to the difference of vacuum, cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 can be divided into plural parallel stage;
The step that internal layer V1 lowers the temperature: now valve J1 is for closing closed state, and the low temperature in V2, by inwall heat transfer effect, makes the gas in internal layer V1 constantly be liquefied or solidify, rapid decrease temperature and pressure, realizes cold conditions vacuum; Vacuum meter K1 measures the vacuum in internal layer V1, and temperature passes the temperature in device T1 measurement internal layer V1;
After forming stable cold conditions vacuum V1, now, J1, J2, J3 close; During work, open J1, V1 is communicated with test mechanism.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various amendment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute to described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the scope that appended claims defines.
Claims (5)
1. liquid nitrogen is from freezing the device realizing cold conditions vacuum, it is characterized in that, comprising: a three-layer container of the formation of being inserted in successively from outside to inside, respectively:
Outermost layer V3: protect as cold insulation;
Intermediate course V2: the space that this interlayer and outermost layer V3 are formed is used for being filled with part liquid nitrogen, as working media;
Internal layer V1: the to be liquefied or gas that solidifies;
Wherein, the space that this interlayer of intermediate course V2 and outermost layer V3 are formed is communicated with pipeline L3 with L4 passing into the external world, and pipeline L4 is provided with valve J6, and pipeline L3 is provided with valve J3, with cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 composition, valve J5 and cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 is connected between valve J4 and valve J5 after connecting; Liquid level gauge H1 is provided with, temperature sensor T2 in the space that this interlayer of intermediate course V2 and outermost layer V3 are formed;
Be provided with temperature in the space of internal layer V1 and pass device T1, vacuum meter K1, be connected with the space in internal layer V1 and pass into extraneous pipeline L1 and pipeline L2, pipeline L1 is connected with testing equipment, pipeline L1 establishes Subzero valve J1, pipeline L2 has valve J2, pipeline L2 plays emptying;
Fixed by some intermediate course V2 bearings between described intermediate course V2 and internal layer V1; Fixed by outermost layer V3 interlayer heat-insulating support between described intermediate course V2 and internal layer V1.
2. a kind of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1 is from freezing the device realizing cold conditions vacuum, it is characterized in that, described intermediate course V2 bearing adopts cryogenic material; Bearing is divided into hold-down support and sliding support two kinds of forms, the elimination cooling that order is or the stress deformation caused because thermograde changes greatly when heating up; Outermost layer V3 adopts high vacuum or multilayer insulant, plays cold and heat insulation effect, makes V2 maintain low temperature.
3. a kind of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1 is from freezing the device realizing cold conditions vacuum, it is characterized in that, outermost layer V3, intermediate course V2 and internal layer V1 are the different tank body of three volumes, and tank body shape can be horizontal type structure, or spherical structure, or both combinations.
4. a kind of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1 is from freezing the device realizing cold conditions vacuum, it is characterized in that, the part that pipeline L1, pipeline L2, pipeline L3 are between interlayer adopts bellows type of attachment.
5. liquid nitrogen is from freezing the method realizing cold conditions vacuum, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The step of intermediate course V2 space nitrogen displacement: under normal temperature and pressure, pass into pure nitrogen by air displacement in intermediate course V2; Close J5, open J3, J4, J6, be filled with liquid state, be vented from pipeline L4 from pipeline L3, after being filled with liquid nitrogen cooling, and make the liquid nitrogen keeping set volume in V2, liquid level will lower than the interface of pipeline L3 and V2;
Intermediate course V2 vacuumizes the step of cooling: treat that in intermediate course V2, heat exchange terminates, gas phase and liquid equilibrium, closes J6; Open valve J3 and valve J5; Valve-off J4, and open cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 and start to vacuumize, make the gas-phase space in the liquid nitrogen overhead in intermediate course V2 continue step-down, make liquid nitrogen send out constantly gasification heat absorption at low-pressure state and occur from freezing; According to the difference of vacuum, cryogenic vacuum pumps P1 can be divided into plural parallel stage;
The step that internal layer V1 lowers the temperature: now valve J1 is for closing closed state, and the low temperature in V2, by inwall heat transfer effect, makes the gas in internal layer V1 constantly be liquefied or solidify, rapid decrease temperature and pressure, realizes cold conditions vacuum; Vacuum meter K1 measures the vacuum in internal layer V1, and temperature passes the temperature in device T1 measurement internal layer V1;
After forming stable cold conditions vacuum V1, now, J1, J2, J3 close; During work, open J1, V1 is communicated with test mechanism.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510572692.1A CN105170212A (en) | 2015-09-10 | 2015-09-10 | Device and method for realizing cold-state vacuum by liquid nitrogen self-freezing |
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| CN201510572692.1A CN105170212A (en) | 2015-09-10 | 2015-09-10 | Device and method for realizing cold-state vacuum by liquid nitrogen self-freezing |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107576125A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-12 | 上海原能细胞生物低温设备有限公司 | Low-temperature protection device and the low temperature clamping and placing system for including it |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107576125A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-12 | 上海原能细胞生物低温设备有限公司 | Low-temperature protection device and the low temperature clamping and placing system for including it |
| CN107576125B (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2019-09-13 | 上海原能细胞生物低温设备有限公司 | Low-temperature protection device and low temperature clamping and placing system comprising it |
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