EP3350501A1 - Liquefied-fluid storage tank - Google Patents

Liquefied-fluid storage tank

Info

Publication number
EP3350501A1
EP3350501A1 EP16757701.4A EP16757701A EP3350501A1 EP 3350501 A1 EP3350501 A1 EP 3350501A1 EP 16757701 A EP16757701 A EP 16757701A EP 3350501 A1 EP3350501 A1 EP 3350501A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
mass
wall
storage
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16757701.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3350501B1 (en
Inventor
Serge BASSETTO
Pierre Briend
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP3350501A1 publication Critical patent/EP3350501A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3350501B1 publication Critical patent/EP3350501B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/10—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by liquid-circulating or vapour-circulating jackets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/05—Ultrapure fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0383—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact outside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
    • F17C2260/056—Improving fluid characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/012—Purifying the fluid by filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquefied fluid storage tank and a cooling device comprising such a tank.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a liquefied fluid storage tank comprising a storage wall whose inner surface delimits a storage volume for liquefied fluid, the reservoir comprising a fluid cooling exchanger contained in the reservoir for, in particular, condensing vapors. said fluid.
  • the invention particularly relates to a cryogenic fluid reservoir for storing a low temperature gas or gas mixture, for example cryogenic, in particular xenon or any other air gas or the like.
  • the cryogenic tanks generally comprise a double wall structure comprising an air gap (for example a pressure of 10 -4 mbar) between the two walls and a thermal insulation (for example a perlite layer and / or a multilayer insulation).
  • an air gap for example a pressure of 10 -4 mbar
  • a thermal insulation for example a perlite layer and / or a multilayer insulation.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
  • the tank according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the cooling exchanger comprises a mass of metal, in particular aluminum, wherein at least one conduit of a heat transfer fluid circuit is integrated for cooling said mass and in that the mass is in contact and fixed on the outer surface of the storage wall.
  • embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features: the mass is in contact and fixed on the external surface of the upper part of the storage wall,
  • the mass is in contact with the storage wall over an area of between 0.04 and 4 m 2
  • the mass has a volume constituting 8 and 10,000kg
  • the mass has a mass heat capacity (densities multiplied by heat capacity at constant pressure) of between 7 and 9000 kJ.m- 3 .K -1 and a thermal conductivity of between 180 and 220 W. m- 1 K -1
  • the mass is connected to the outer wall and led (s) by casting metal in liquid form at melting temperature on the storage wall and around the duct or ducts, that is to say that the duct or ducts are embedded in the mass, the mass being overmolded on the outer wall and the ducts,
  • the reservoir comprises at least one metal plate fixed on the outer surface of the storage wall and protruding transversely with respect to this wall, the at least one plate comprising at least one curvature or cutout, the mass being overmolded on the portion of outer wall comprising the plate or plates, that is to say that the plate or plates are embedded in the mass,
  • the reservoir comprises an outer wall arranged spaced around the storage wall, the space between said walls being kept under vacuum at a pressure below atmospheric pressure and comprising a thermal insulation layer,
  • the reservoir comprises one or more ducts producing several loops or laces within the mass
  • the transversely projecting plate means that the plate is not completely parallel to the outer surface of the wall, for example the plate is perpendicular to the outer surface of the wall at the place considered,
  • the reservoir comprises a fluid circuit comprising a fluid withdrawal pipe contained in the volume delimited by the storage wall and a fluid return pipe to the volume defined by the storage wall;
  • the withdrawal pipe comprises an exchanger; for heating the withdrawn fluid and in that the return pipe comprises a cooling exchanger returned to the reservoir, the withdrawal and return lines connected to an application or a unit for purifying the fluid of the reservoir by forming a circulation loop for the fluid in which the fluid is withdrawn via the withdrawal line, purified in the application or the purification unit and returned to the reservoir via the return line.
  • the invention also relates to a device for cooling a user apparatus by transferring frigories between a liquefied fluid and said user device, the device comprising a liquefied fluid storage tank storing a cryogenic fluid from: xenon, neon, or any other cryogenic fluid a fluid transfer circuit to and from the reservoir comprising a system of pipes and valves, the reservoir being in accordance with any of the above characteristics or hereafter, the device comprising a source of fluid coolant such as liquid nitrogen, the at least one conduit of the coolant circuit being connected to said source of heat transfer fluid.
  • a source of fluid coolant such as liquid nitrogen
  • the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.
  • FIG. 1 represents a vertical, schematic and partial sectional view illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a reservoir according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 represents a vertical sectional view, diagrammatic and partial, illustrating the use of a tank according to the figure in an installation
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic and partial vertical sectional view of the upper part of a reservoir of the type of FIG. 1 according to an advantageous embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the upper part of the tank storage wall of the type of that of Figure 4 according to an advantageous embodiment.
  • the liquefied fluid storage tank shown in FIG. 1 conventionally comprises a storage wall 1, for example of generally cylindrical shape, whose internal surface delimits a storage volume for liquefied fluid (cryogenic fluid stored in liquid / gas equilibrium).
  • a storage wall 1 may be housed in an outer wall with an insulation system between the walls 1, 5 (vacuum and thermal insulation layer).
  • the storage wall 1 can also be housed in a vacuum chamber or a cold atmosphere for isolating as much stored fluid as possible from the heat inputs.
  • the tank has for example a volume of 50 to 1000 liters, for example 300 liters.
  • the reservoir can in particular store xenon in the liquid phase at a temperature of -101 ° C. under 1.5 bar absolute (in two-phase liquid-gas equilibrium).
  • the tank stores 200kg of xenon.
  • the reservoir comprising an exchanger 2 for cooling the fluid contained in the reservoir to condense vapors of said fluid.
  • the cooling exchanger 2 comprises a mass 3 of metal, for example aluminum, in which is integrated at least one duct 4 of a coolant circuit for cooling said mass 3.
  • the mass 3 is in contact and fixed on the outer surface of the storage wall 1.
  • This arrangement thus forms a condenser which makes it possible to liquefy or reliquefy (see solidify) the cryogenic fluid of the reservoir in a safe and controlled manner without auxiliary circuit.
  • the "hot” fluid is neither aspirated nor directed into an external cooling circuit.
  • the vapors are condensed on site directly in the tank whose storage wall 1 is cooled to a controlled temperature and serves as a heat exchange surface.
  • the mass 3 is in contact and preferably fixed on the upper part of the storage wall 1.
  • This heat exchanger 2 can be welded or poured directly onto the outer face of the storage wall 1.
  • the storage wall 1 in stainless steel, steel or any other suitable material
  • the storage wall 1 is directly cooled and transmits its frigories to the vapors it contains. This creates a condensation process that naturally moves the fluid in the storage volume (especially if the exchanger is placed at the top). This generates an energy saving.
  • the exchanger 2 comprises for example one or more coils 4 (tubular ducts) integrated in the mass 3 or matrix having a high thermal conductivity.
  • coils 4 tubular ducts
  • two parallel circuits of conduits 4 are integrated in the mass 3.
  • the mass 3 may comprise a solid block of aluminum (or any other suitable metal or alloy).
  • This mass is traversed (via the conduits 4) by a refrigerant circulated in pipes 4 implanted therein.
  • This cooling heat transfer fluid can thus extract as many calories to the mass 3 installed and the wall 1 of the tank that it takes to vaporize and heat up to its outlet temperature.
  • This architecture significantly increases the flexibility of use of such a tank and in particular of the heat exchanger compared to the prior art.
  • the operating pressure range of the exchanger is significantly enlarged compared to any other exchanger.
  • this exchanger 2 it is possible to operate this exchanger 2 over a very wide temperature range, for example from 4.5K to 300K, because of its great thermal inertia.
  • setting this temperature parameter is moreover to choose the desired temperature on the wall 1 storage tank (and vice versa).
  • the minimum recommended mass temperature is -1 10 ° C (triple point xenon temperature).
  • the possible temperature range for the cooled wall 1 extends from the value of the triple point of the condensate to that given by the maximum permissible pressure.
  • the refrigerant is chosen accordingly.
  • This heat transfer fluid may be for example liquid nitrogen at -188 ° C (85K) for example at a rate of 1 gram per second.
  • the nitrogen can be vaporized (for example at a temperature of -103 ° C. (170K).
  • the structure of the exchanger also makes it possible to adapt the power of the heat exchange, defined by the difference between the temperature of change of state of the hot fluid in the tank delimited by the wall 1 and the temperature of the mass 3. This power is also dependent on the coolant flow rate.
  • the heat capacity of the assembly gives a significant thermal inertia to the system. This ensures temperature stability and therefore pressure in the tank. In general, the large amount of frigories stored within the assembly ensures the thermal stability of the system.
  • the invention makes it possible to control and control the power of the heat exchange.
  • the invention makes it possible to substantially increase the cooling energy stored in the materials, which makes it possible to eliminate the impact of any thermal disturbance.
  • the mass 3 is in contact with the storage wall 1 on an area of between 0.04 and 4 m 2 .
  • the mass 3 can have a volume constituting 8 to 10,000kg.
  • the mass 3 has a thermal capacity which can be between 7 and 9000 kJ.m “3 .K “ 1 and a thermal conductivity between 180 and 220W.m “1 .K “ 1 .
  • the mass 3 is preferably connected to the outer wall 1 and the (x) conduit (s)
  • the upper surface of the storage wall 1 may comprise at least one fixed metal plate 7 (for example by welding) on the outer surface of the storage wall 1 and protruding transversely with respect to this wall 1. These plates 7 comprising at least one curvature or cut (see Figure 4).
  • the mass 3 is overmolded on the outer wall portion 1 comprising the plate or plates 7.
  • the plates 7 are embedded in the mass (3) and via their non-rectilinear shape (hook for example) provide a mechanical catch between the mass 3 and the storage wall 7, in particular in case of differential expansions between these two elements.
  • the reservoir preferably comprises an outer wall 5 arranged spaced around the storage wall. The space between said walls 1, 5 is kept under vacuum at a pressure below atmospheric pressure and houses a layer 6 thermal insulation.
  • the reservoir may comprise a fluid circuit comprising a pipe 8) for withdrawing fluid contained in the volume defined by the wall 1 of storage and a pipe 9 for returning fluid to the volume defined by the wall 1 of storage.
  • the withdrawal pipe 8 may comprise a fluid heat exchanger 10 withdrawn and the pipe 9 of return can include a heat exchanger 1 1 returned to the tank. That is to say, the withdrawal lines 8 and return 9 depending on the application or the purification member 12 forming a circulation loop for the fluid in which the fluid is withdrawn and heated (vaporized ) via the withdrawal pipe 8, purified in the purification member and cooled (condensed) and returned to the tank via the return line 9.
  • the tank may comprise a system of valves and in particular safety valves not shown for the sake of simplification.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquefied-fluid storage tank including a storage wall (1) the inner surface of which defines a storage volume for liquefied fluid, the tank including an exchanger (2) for cooling the fluid contained in the tank in particular to condense vapors of said fluid. The invention is characterized in that the cooling exchanger (2) includes a body (3) of metal, in particular aluminum, in which at least one pipe (4) of a coolant circuit is integrated in order to cool said body (3) and in that the body (3) is in contact with and attached to the outer surface of the storage wall (1).

Description

Réservoir de stockage de fluide liquéfié  Liquefied fluid storage tank
La présente invention concerne un réservoir de stockage de fluide liquéfié ainsi qu'un dispositif de refroidissement comprenant un tel réservoir. The present invention relates to a liquefied fluid storage tank and a cooling device comprising such a tank.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un réservoir de stockage de fluide liquéfié comprenant une paroi de stockage dont la surface interne délimite un volume de stockage pour du fluide liquéfié, le réservoir comprenant un échangeur de refroidissement du fluide contenu dans le réservoir pour notamment condenser des vapeurs dudit fluide.  The invention more particularly relates to a liquefied fluid storage tank comprising a storage wall whose inner surface delimits a storage volume for liquefied fluid, the reservoir comprising a fluid cooling exchanger contained in the reservoir for, in particular, condensing vapors. said fluid.
L'invention concerne notamment un réservoir de fluide cryogénique destiné à stocker un gaz ou mélange de gaz à basse température, par exemple cryogénique, notamment du xénon ou tout autre gaz de l'air ou autre.  The invention particularly relates to a cryogenic fluid reservoir for storing a low temperature gas or gas mixture, for example cryogenic, in particular xenon or any other air gas or the like.
Les réservoirs cryogéniques comprennent généralement une structure à double parois comprenant un vide d'air (par exemple une pression de 10"4 mbar) entre les deux parois et un isolant thermique (par exemple une couche de perlite et/ou une isolation multicouches). The cryogenic tanks generally comprise a double wall structure comprising an air gap (for example a pressure of 10 -4 mbar) between the two walls and a thermal insulation (for example a perlite layer and / or a multilayer insulation).
Notamment lorsque le gaz stocké est relativement coûteux et pour éviter de relâcher du gaz dans l'atmosphère, il est connu de prévoir un échangeur de chaleur de refroidissement pour condenser les vapeurs produites dans le réservoir (cf. document EP2618038A).  Particularly when the stored gas is relatively expensive and to avoid releasing gas into the atmosphere, it is known to provide a cooling heat exchanger to condense the vapors produced in the tank (see EP2618038A).
Les solutions connues augmentent cependant la complexité, le coût et l'encombrement des installations.  The known solutions, however, increase the complexity, the cost and the size of the installations.
Un but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'art antérieur relevés ci-dessus.  An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
A cette fin, le réservoir selon l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu'en donne le préambule ci-dessus, est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de refroidissement comprend une masse de métal, notamment d'aluminium, dans laquelle est intégré au moins un conduit d'un circuit de fluide caloporteur pour refroidir ladite masse et en ce que la masse est en contact et fixée sur la surface externe de la paroi de stockage.  For this purpose, the tank according to the invention, furthermore in accordance with the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the cooling exchanger comprises a mass of metal, in particular aluminum, wherein at least one conduit of a heat transfer fluid circuit is integrated for cooling said mass and in that the mass is in contact and fixed on the outer surface of the storage wall.
Par ailleurs, des modes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : - la masse est en contact et fixée sur la surface externe de la partie supérieure de la paroi de stockage, Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features: the mass is in contact and fixed on the external surface of the upper part of the storage wall,
- la masse est en contact avec la paroi de stockage sur une surface comprise entre 0,04 et 4m2 the mass is in contact with the storage wall over an area of between 0.04 and 4 m 2
- la masse a un volume constituant 8 et 10000kg,  the mass has a volume constituting 8 and 10,000kg,
- la masse a une capacité calorifique massique (densités multipliée par capacité calorifique à pression constante) comprise entre 7 et 9000 kJ.m"3.K"1 et une conductivité thermique comprise entre 180 et 220 W. m"1. K"1 the mass has a mass heat capacity (densities multiplied by heat capacity at constant pressure) of between 7 and 9000 kJ.m- 3 .K -1 and a thermal conductivity of between 180 and 220 W. m- 1 K -1
- la masse est reliée à la paroi externe et conduit(s) par coulage de métal sous forme liquide à température de fusion sur la paroi de stockage et autour du ou des conduits, c'est-à-dire que le ou les conduits sont noyés dans la masse, la masse étant surmoulée sur la paroi externe et les conduits,  - The mass is connected to the outer wall and led (s) by casting metal in liquid form at melting temperature on the storage wall and around the duct or ducts, that is to say that the duct or ducts are embedded in the mass, the mass being overmolded on the outer wall and the ducts,
- le réservoir comporte au moins une plaque métallique fixée sur la surface externe de la paroi de stockage et faisant saillie transversalement par rapport à cette paroi, la au moins une plaque comprenant au moins un courbure ou découpe, la masse étant surmoulée sur la portion de paroi externe comprenant le ou les plaques, c'est-à-dire que la ou les plaques sont noyée dans la masse,  the reservoir comprises at least one metal plate fixed on the outer surface of the storage wall and protruding transversely with respect to this wall, the at least one plate comprising at least one curvature or cutout, the mass being overmolded on the portion of outer wall comprising the plate or plates, that is to say that the plate or plates are embedded in the mass,
- le réservoir comporte une paroi externe disposée de façon espacée autour de la paroi de stockage, l'espace entre lesdites parois étant maintenu sous vide à une pression inférieure à la pression atmosphérique et comprenant une couche isolation thermique,  the reservoir comprises an outer wall arranged spaced around the storage wall, the space between said walls being kept under vacuum at a pressure below atmospheric pressure and comprising a thermal insulation layer,
- le réservoir comporte un ou plusieurs conduits réalisant plusieurs boucles ou lacets au sein de la masse,  the reservoir comprises one or more ducts producing several loops or laces within the mass,
- la plaque faisant saillie transversalement signifie que la plaque n'est pas complètement parallèle à la surface externe de la paroi, par exemple la plaque est perpendiculaire à la surface externe de la paroi à l'endroit considé,  - The transversely projecting plate means that the plate is not completely parallel to the outer surface of the wall, for example the plate is perpendicular to the outer surface of the wall at the place considered,
- le réservoir comporte un circuit de fluide comprenant une conduite de soutirage de fluide contenu dans le volume délimité par la paroi de stockage et une conduite de retour de fluide vers le volume délimité par la paroi de stockage, - la conduite de soutirage comprend un échangeur de réchauffage du fluide soutiré et en ce que la conduite de retour comprend un échangeur de refroidissement renvoyé dans le réservoir, - les conduites de soutirage et de retour selon reliées à une application ou un organe de purification du fluide du réservoir en formant une boucle de circulation pour le fluide dans laquelle le fluide est soutiré via la conduite de soutirage, purifié dans l'application ou l'organe de purification et renvoyé dans le réservoir via la conduite de retour. the reservoir comprises a fluid circuit comprising a fluid withdrawal pipe contained in the volume delimited by the storage wall and a fluid return pipe to the volume defined by the storage wall; the withdrawal pipe comprises an exchanger; for heating the withdrawn fluid and in that the return pipe comprises a cooling exchanger returned to the reservoir, the withdrawal and return lines connected to an application or a unit for purifying the fluid of the reservoir by forming a circulation loop for the fluid in which the fluid is withdrawn via the withdrawal line, purified in the application or the purification unit and returned to the reservoir via the return line.
L'invention concerne également un dispositif de refroidissement d'un appareil utilisateur par transfert de frigories entre un fluide liquéfié et ledit appareil utilisateur, le dispositif comprenant un réservoir de stockage de fluide liquéfié stockant un fluide cryogénique parmi : du xénon, du néon, ou tout autre fluide cryogénique un circuit de transfert de fluide depuis et vers le réservoir comprenant un système de conduites et de vannes, le réservoir étant conforme à l'une quelconque des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-après, le dispositif comportant une source de fluide caloporteur tel que de l'azote liquide, le au moins un conduit du circuit de fluide caloporteur étant relié à ladite source de fluide caloporteur.  The invention also relates to a device for cooling a user apparatus by transferring frigories between a liquefied fluid and said user device, the device comprising a liquefied fluid storage tank storing a cryogenic fluid from: xenon, neon, or any other cryogenic fluid a fluid transfer circuit to and from the reservoir comprising a system of pipes and valves, the reservoir being in accordance with any of the above characteristics or hereafter, the device comprising a source of fluid coolant such as liquid nitrogen, the at least one conduit of the coolant circuit being connected to said source of heat transfer fluid.
L'invention peut concerner également tout dispositif ou procédé alternatif comprenant toute combinaison des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-dessous.  The invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.
D'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles :  Other particularities and advantages will appear on reading the following description, made with reference to the figures in which:
- la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe verticale, schématique et partielle illustrant un exemple de réalisation d'un réservoir selon l'invention,  FIG. 1 represents a vertical, schematic and partial sectional view illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a reservoir according to the invention,
- la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe verticale, schématique et partielle, illustrant l'utilisation d'un réservoir conforme à la figure dans une installation,  FIG. 2 represents a vertical sectional view, diagrammatic and partial, illustrating the use of a tank according to the figure in an installation,
- la figure 3 représente une vue en coupe verticale, schématique et partielle, de la partie supérieure d'un réservoir du type de celui de la figure 1 selon un mode de réalisation avantageux,  FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic and partial vertical sectional view of the upper part of a reservoir of the type of FIG. 1 according to an advantageous embodiment,
- la figure 4 représente une vue en perspective de la partie supérieure de la paroi de stockage du réservoir du type de celui de la figure 4 selon un mode de réalisation avantageux.  - Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the upper part of the tank storage wall of the type of that of Figure 4 according to an advantageous embodiment.
Le réservoir de stockage de fluide liquéfié représenté à la figure 1 comprend classiquement une paroi 1 de stockage, par exemple de forme générale cylindrique, dont la surface interne délimite un volume de stockage pour du fluide liquéfié (fluide cryogénique stocké en équilibre liquide/gaz). Comme décrit ci-après en référence à la figure 2, de préférence la paroi 1 de stockage peut être logée dans une paroi 5 externe avec un système d'isolation entre les parois 1 , 5 (vide et couche d'isolant thermique). La paroi 1 de stockage peut également être logée dans une enceinte sous vide ou une atmosphère froide permettant d'isoler au maximum de fluide stocké des entrées de chaleur. The liquefied fluid storage tank shown in FIG. 1 conventionally comprises a storage wall 1, for example of generally cylindrical shape, whose internal surface delimits a storage volume for liquefied fluid (cryogenic fluid stored in liquid / gas equilibrium). . As will be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 2, preferably the storage wall 1 may be housed in an outer wall with an insulation system between the walls 1, 5 (vacuum and thermal insulation layer). The storage wall 1 can also be housed in a vacuum chamber or a cold atmosphere for isolating as much stored fluid as possible from the heat inputs.
Le réservoir a par exemple un volume de 50 à 1000 litres, par exemple 300 litres. Le réservoir peut stocker notamment du xénon en phase liquide à une température de -101 °C sous 1 ,5 bar absolu (en équilibre diphasique liquide-gaz). Par exemple le réservoir stocke 200kg de xénon.  The tank has for example a volume of 50 to 1000 liters, for example 300 liters. The reservoir can in particular store xenon in the liquid phase at a temperature of -101 ° C. under 1.5 bar absolute (in two-phase liquid-gas equilibrium). For example the tank stores 200kg of xenon.
Le réservoir comprenant un échangeur 2 de refroidissement du fluide contenu dans le réservoir pour condenser des vapeurs dudit fluide.  The reservoir comprising an exchanger 2 for cooling the fluid contained in the reservoir to condense vapors of said fluid.
Selon une particularité avantageuse, l'échangeur 2 de refroidissement comprend une masse 3 de métal, par exemple de l'aluminium, dans laquelle est intégré au moins un conduit 4 d'un circuit de fluide caloporteur pour refroidir ladite masse 3. La masse 3 est en contact et fixée sur la surface externe de la paroi 1 de stockage.  According to an advantageous feature, the cooling exchanger 2 comprises a mass 3 of metal, for example aluminum, in which is integrated at least one duct 4 of a coolant circuit for cooling said mass 3. The mass 3 is in contact and fixed on the outer surface of the storage wall 1.
C'est-à dire que la condensation des vapeurs présentes dans le stockage délimité par la paroi 1 est réalisée sans nécessiter de prévoir un transfert des vapeurs à l'extérieur de la paroi 1 de stockage.  That is to say that the condensation of the vapors present in the storage delimited by the wall 1 is carried out without the need to provide a transfer of the vapors outside the storage wall 1.
Cet agencement forme ainsi un condenseur qui permet de liquéfier ou reliquefier (voir de solidifier) le fluide cryogénique du réservoir de façon sûre et maîtrisée sans circuit annexe. Le fluide « chaud » n'est ni aspiré, ni dirigé dans un circuit de refroidissement externe. Les vapeurs sont condensées sur place directement dans le réservoir dont la paroi 1 de stockage est refroidie à température contrôlée et fait office de surface d'échange thermique.  This arrangement thus forms a condenser which makes it possible to liquefy or reliquefy (see solidify) the cryogenic fluid of the reservoir in a safe and controlled manner without auxiliary circuit. The "hot" fluid is neither aspirated nor directed into an external cooling circuit. The vapors are condensed on site directly in the tank whose storage wall 1 is cooled to a controlled temperature and serves as a heat exchange surface.
De même, selon cet agencement, il n'est pas davantage nécessaire de prévoir un échangeur de condensation à l'intérieur de la paroi 1 de stockage.  Similarly, according to this arrangement, it is not necessary to provide a condensation exchanger inside the storage wall 1.
Comme illustré aux figures, la masse 3 est en contact et fixée de préférence sur la partie supérieure de la paroi 1 de stockage.  As illustrated in the figures, the mass 3 is in contact and preferably fixed on the upper part of the storage wall 1.
Cet échangeur 2 de chaleur peut être soudé ou coulé directement sur la face externe de la paroi 1 de stockage. La paroi 1 de stockage (en inox, acier ou tout autre matériau approprié) est directement refroidie et transmet ses frigories aux vapeurs qu'elle contient. Ceci créé un processus de condensation qui met naturellement en mouvement le fluide dans le volume de stockage (en particulier si l'échangeur est placé en partie supérieure). Ceci génère une économie énergétique. This heat exchanger 2 can be welded or poured directly onto the outer face of the storage wall 1. The storage wall 1 (in stainless steel, steel or any other suitable material) is directly cooled and transmits its frigories to the vapors it contains. This creates a condensation process that naturally moves the fluid in the storage volume (especially if the exchanger is placed at the top). This generates an energy saving.
L'échangeur 2 comprend par exemple un ou plusieurs serpentins 4 (conduits tubulaires) intégrés dans la masse 3 ou matrice présentant une grande conductivité thermique. Par exemple deux circuits parallèles de conduits 4 sont intégrés dans la masse 3.  The exchanger 2 comprises for example one or more coils 4 (tubular ducts) integrated in the mass 3 or matrix having a high thermal conductivity. For example, two parallel circuits of conduits 4 are integrated in the mass 3.
Par exemple, la masse 3 peut comprendre un bloc massif en aluminium (ou tout autre métal ou alliage approprié).  For example, the mass 3 may comprise a solid block of aluminum (or any other suitable metal or alloy).
Cette masse est traversée (via les conduits 4) par un fluide frigorigène mis en circulation dans des canalisations 4 implantées en son sein. Ce fluide caloporteur de refroidissement peut ainsi extraire autant de calories à la masse 3 installée et à la paroi 1 du réservoir qu'il lui en faut pour se vaporiser et se réchauffer jusqu'à sa température de sortie.  This mass is traversed (via the conduits 4) by a refrigerant circulated in pipes 4 implanted therein. This cooling heat transfer fluid can thus extract as many calories to the mass 3 installed and the wall 1 of the tank that it takes to vaporize and heat up to its outlet temperature.
Cette architecture augmente significativement la souplesse d'utilisation d'un tel réservoir et notamment de l'échangeur de chaleur par rapport à l'art antérieur.  This architecture significantly increases the flexibility of use of such a tank and in particular of the heat exchanger compared to the prior art.
La gamme de pression de service de l'échangeur est significativement élargie comparativement à n'importe quel autre échangeur.  The operating pressure range of the exchanger is significantly enlarged compared to any other exchanger.
En effet, il est possible de faire fonctionner cet échangeur 2 sur une très large plage de température, par exemple de 4,5K à 300K, du fait de sa grande inertie thermique.  Indeed, it is possible to operate this exchanger 2 over a very wide temperature range, for example from 4.5K to 300K, because of its great thermal inertia.
Ainsi, fixer ce paramètre de température revient d'ailleurs à choisir la température souhaitée sur la paroi 1 de stockage du réservoir (et réciproquement).  Thus, setting this temperature parameter is moreover to choose the desired temperature on the wall 1 storage tank (and vice versa).
Dans le cas d'un stockage de xénon, de préférence, la température minimale recommandée pour la masse est de -1 10°C (température du point triple du xénon).  In the case of xenon storage, preferably, the minimum recommended mass temperature is -1 10 ° C (triple point xenon temperature).
De cette façon, la gamme de température possible pour la paroi 1 refroidie s'étend de la valeur du point triple du condensât jusqu'à celle donnée par la pression maximale admissible. Le fluide frigorigène est choisi en conséquence.  In this way, the possible temperature range for the cooled wall 1 extends from the value of the triple point of the condensate to that given by the maximum permissible pressure. The refrigerant is chosen accordingly.
Ce fluide caloporteur peut être par exemple l'azote liquide à -188°C (85K) par exemple à un débit de 1 gramme par seconde. En sortie de la masse l'azote peut être vaporisé (température par exemple de -103°C (170K). La structure de l'échangeur permet d'adapter également la puissance de l'échange thermique, définie par la différence entre température de changement d'état du fluide chaud dans le réservoir délimité par la paroi 1 et la température de la masse 3. Cette puissance est également dépendante du débit de fluide caloporteur. This heat transfer fluid may be for example liquid nitrogen at -188 ° C (85K) for example at a rate of 1 gram per second. At the outlet of the mass, the nitrogen can be vaporized (for example at a temperature of -103 ° C. (170K). The structure of the exchanger also makes it possible to adapt the power of the heat exchange, defined by the difference between the temperature of change of state of the hot fluid in the tank delimited by the wall 1 and the temperature of the mass 3. This power is also dependent on the coolant flow rate.
De plus, la capacité calorifique de l'ensemble (paroi 1 et masse 3 refroidie) confère une importante inertie thermique au système. Ceci permet de garantir la stabilité en température et donc en pression dans le réservoir. De façon générale, l'importante quantité de frigories stockée au sein de l'ensemble assure la stabilité thermique du système.  In addition, the heat capacity of the assembly (wall 1 and mass 3 cooled) gives a significant thermal inertia to the system. This ensures temperature stability and therefore pressure in the tank. In general, the large amount of frigories stored within the assembly ensures the thermal stability of the system.
Ainsi, l'invention permet de contrôler et piloter la puissance de l'échange thermique De plus l'invention permet d'accroître sensiblement l'énergie frigorifique stockée dans les matériaux ce qui permet d'effacer l'impact de toute perturbation thermique.  Thus, the invention makes it possible to control and control the power of the heat exchange. In addition, the invention makes it possible to substantially increase the cooling energy stored in the materials, which makes it possible to eliminate the impact of any thermal disturbance.
Selon les applications, la masse 3 est en contact avec la paroi 1 de stockage sur une surface comprise entre 0,04 et 4 m2. According to the applications, the mass 3 is in contact with the storage wall 1 on an area of between 0.04 and 4 m 2 .
De même, la masse 3 peut avoir un volume constituant 8 à 10000kg.  Similarly, the mass 3 can have a volume constituting 8 to 10,000kg.
La masse 3 a une capacité thermique qui peut être comprise entre 7 et 9000 kJ.m"3.K"1 et une conductivité thermique comprise entre 180 et 220W.m"1.K"1. The mass 3 has a thermal capacity which can be between 7 and 9000 kJ.m "3 .K " 1 and a thermal conductivity between 180 and 220W.m "1 .K " 1 .
La masse 3 est de préférence reliée à la paroi 1 externe et au(x) conduit(s) The mass 3 is preferably connected to the outer wall 1 and the (x) conduit (s)
4 par coulage de métal sous forme liquide à température de fusion sur la paroi 1 de stockage et autour du ou des conduits 4. C'est-à-dire que le ou les conduits 4 sont noyés dans la masse 3, la masse étant surmoulée directement sur la paroi 1 externe et les conduits 4. 4 by casting metal in liquid form at melting temperature on the storage wall 1 and around the duct or conduits 4. That is to say that the duct or ducts 4 are embedded in the mass 3, the mass being overmolded directly on the outer wall 1 and the ducts 4.
Comme illustré à la figure 3, la surface supérieure de la paroi 1 de stockage peut comporter au moins une plaque 7 métallique fixée (par exemple par soudage) sur la surface externe de la paroi 1 de stockage et faisant saillie transversalement par rapport à cette paroi 1 . Ces plaques 7 comprenant au moins une courbure ou découpe (cf. figure 4). La masse 3 est surmoulée sur la portion de paroi 1 externe comprenant le ou les plaques 7. Les plaques 7 sont noyées dans la masse (3) et via leur forme non rectiligne (en crochet par exemple) assurent une accroche mécanique entre la masse 3 et la paroi 7 de stockage, en particulier en cas de dilatations différentielles entre ces deux éléments. Comme illustré schématiquement à la figure 2, le réservoir comprend de préférence une paroi externe 5 disposée de façon espacée autour de la paroi) de stockage. L'espace entre lesdites parois 1 , 5 est maintenu sous vide à une pression inférieure à la pression atmosphérique et abrite une couche 6 isolation thermique. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the upper surface of the storage wall 1 may comprise at least one fixed metal plate 7 (for example by welding) on the outer surface of the storage wall 1 and protruding transversely with respect to this wall 1. These plates 7 comprising at least one curvature or cut (see Figure 4). The mass 3 is overmolded on the outer wall portion 1 comprising the plate or plates 7. The plates 7 are embedded in the mass (3) and via their non-rectilinear shape (hook for example) provide a mechanical catch between the mass 3 and the storage wall 7, in particular in case of differential expansions between these two elements. As schematically illustrated in FIG. 2, the reservoir preferably comprises an outer wall 5 arranged spaced around the storage wall. The space between said walls 1, 5 is kept under vacuum at a pressure below atmospheric pressure and houses a layer 6 thermal insulation.
De plus, le réservoir peut comporter un circuit de fluide comprenant une conduite 8) de soutirage de fluide contenu dans le volume délimité par la paroi 1 de stockage et une conduite 9 de retour de fluide vers le volume délimité par la paroi 1 de stockage.  In addition, the reservoir may comprise a fluid circuit comprising a pipe 8) for withdrawing fluid contained in the volume defined by the wall 1 of storage and a pipe 9 for returning fluid to the volume defined by the wall 1 of storage.
Ces deux conduites 9, 8 peuvent être reliées à une application ou un organe de purification 12 du fluide stocké dans le réservoir. Dans le cas où cette application ou cet organe de purification 12 fonctionne à des températures relativement plus élevées que la température de stockage du fluide dans le réservoir, le conduite 8 de soutirage peut comprendre un échangeur 10 de réchauffage du fluide soutiré et la conduite 9 de retour peut comprendre un échangeur 1 1 de refroidissement renvoyé dans le réservoir. C'est-à-dire que les conduites de soutirage 8 et de retour 9 selon reliées à l'application ou à l'organe de purification 12 en formant une boucle de circulation pour le fluide dans laquelle le fluide est soutiré et réchauffé (vaporisé) via la conduite 8 de soutirage, purifié dans l'organe de purification et refroidi (condensé) et renvoyé dans le réservoir via la conduite 9 de retour.  These two lines 9, 8 can be connected to an application or a purification member 12 of the fluid stored in the reservoir. In the case where this application or this purification member 12 operates at relatively higher temperatures than the storage temperature of the fluid in the tank, the withdrawal pipe 8 may comprise a fluid heat exchanger 10 withdrawn and the pipe 9 of return can include a heat exchanger 1 1 returned to the tank. That is to say, the withdrawal lines 8 and return 9 depending on the application or the purification member 12 forming a circulation loop for the fluid in which the fluid is withdrawn and heated (vaporized ) via the withdrawal pipe 8, purified in the purification member and cooled (condensed) and returned to the tank via the return line 9.
Bien entendu le réservoir peut comprendre un système de vannes et notamment des vannes de sécurité non représentés par soucis de simplification.  Of course, the tank may comprise a system of valves and in particular safety valves not shown for the sake of simplification.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Réservoir de stockage de fluide liquéfié comprenant une paroi (1 ) de stockage dont la surface interne délimite un volume de stockage pour du fluide liquéfié, et une paroi externe (5) disposée de façon espacée autour de la paroi (1 ) de stockage, l'espace entre lesdites parois (1 , 5) étant maintenu sous vide à une pression inférieure à la pression atmosphérique et comprenant une couche (6) isolation thermique, le réservoir comprenant un échangeur (2) de refroidissement du fluide contenu dans le réservoir pour notamment condenser des vapeurs dudit fluide, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur (2) de refroidissement comprend une masse (3) de métal, notamment d'aluminium, dans laquelle est intégré au moins un conduit (4) d'un circuit de fluide caloporteur pour refroidir ladite masse (3) et en ce que la masse (3) est en contact et fixée sur la surface externe de la paroi (1 ) de stockage. 1. A liquefied fluid storage tank comprising a storage wall (1) whose inner surface delimits a storage volume for liquefied fluid, and an outer wall (5) spaced apart around the storage wall (1), space between said walls (1, 5) being kept under vacuum at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure and comprising a layer (6) thermal insulation, the tank comprising an exchanger (2) for cooling the fluid contained in the reservoir for particular condensing vapors of said fluid, characterized in that the cooling exchanger (2) comprises a mass (3) of metal, in particular aluminum, in which is integrated at least one conduit (4) of a heat transfer fluid circuit for cooling said mass (3) and in that the mass (3) is in contact and fixed on the outer surface of the storage wall (1).
2. Réservoir selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la masse (3) est en contact et fixée sur la surface externe de la partie supérieure de la paroi (1 ) de stockage.  2. Tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass (3) is in contact and fixed on the outer surface of the upper part of the wall (1) storage.
3. Réservoir selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la masse (3) est en contact avec la paroi (1 ) de stockage sur une surface comprise entre 0,04 et 4m2. 3. Tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass (3) is in contact with the wall (1) of storage on an area between 0.04 and 4m 2 .
4. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la masse (3) a un volume constituant entre 8 et 10000kg de métal.  4. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mass (3) has a volume constituting between 8 and 10000kg of metal.
5. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la masse (3) a une capacité calorifique massique (densités multipliée par capacité calorifique à pression constante) comprise entre 7 et 9000 kJ.m"3.K"1 et une conductivité thermique comprise entre 180 et 220 W. m"1. K"1. 5. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mass (3) has a heat capacity mass (densities multiplied by heat capacity at constant pressure) of between 7 and 9000 kJ.m- 3 .K "1 and a thermal conductivity between 180 and 220 W m" 1. K "1.
6. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la masse (3) est reliée à la paroi (1 ) externe et conduit(s) (4) par coulage de métal sous forme liquide à température de fusion sur la paroi (1 ) de stockage et autour du ou des conduits (4), c'est-à- dire que le ou les conduits (4) sont noyés dans la masse (3), la masse étant surmoulée sur la paroi (1 ) externe et les conduits (4). 6. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mass (3) is connected to the outer wall (1) and led (s) (4) by casting metal in liquid form at a temperature of melting on the storage wall (1) and around the duct (s) (4), ie say that the duct or conduits (4) are embedded in the mass (3), the mass being overmolded on the outer wall (1) and the ducts (4).
7. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une plaque (7) métallique fixée sur la surface externe de la paroi (1 ) de stockage et faisant saillie transversalement par rapport à cette paroi (1 ), la au moins une plaque (7) comprenant au moins une courbure ou découpe, la masse (3) étant surmoulée sur la portion de paroi (1 ) externe comprenant le ou les plaques 7. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises at least one plate (7) fixed on the outer surface of the wall (1) of storage and protruding transversely relative to this wall (1), the at least one plate (7) comprising at least one curvature or cutout, the mass (3) being overmolded on the outer wall portion (1) comprising the plate or plates
(7) , c'est-à-dire que la ou les plaques (7) sont noyée dans la masse (3). (7), that is to say that the plate or plates (7) are embedded in the mass (3).
8. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un ou plusieurs conduits (4) réalisant plusieurs boucles ou lacets au sein de la masse (3).  8. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises one or more conduits (4) making several loops or laces within the mass (3).
9. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un circuit de fluide comprenant une conduite (8) de soutirage de fluide contenu dans le volume délimité par la paroi (1 ) de stockage et une conduite (9) de retour de fluide vers le volume délimité par la paroi (1 ) de stockage.  9. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a fluid circuit comprising a conduit (8) for withdrawing fluid contained in the volume defined by the wall (1) of storage and a conduit (9) for returning fluid to the volume delimited by the wall (1) of storage.
10. Réservoir selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la conduite 10. Tank according to claim 9, characterized in that the driving
(8) de soutirage comprend un échangeur (10) de réchauffage du fluide soutiré et en ce que la conduite (9) de retour comprend un échangeur (1 1 ) de refroidissement renvoyé dans le réservoir. (8) comprises a heat exchanger (10) for heating the withdrawn fluid and in that the return pipe (9) comprises a heat exchanger (1 1) returned to the tank.
1 1 . Réservoir selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que les conduites de soutirage (8) et de retour (9) sont reliées à une application ou un organe de purification du fluide (12) du réservoir en formant une boucle de circulation pour le fluide dans laquelle le fluide est soutiré via la conduite (8) de soutirage, purifié dans l'application ou l'organe de purification et renvoyé dans le réservoir via la conduite (9) de retour.  1 1. Tank according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the withdrawal lines (8) and return lines (9) are connected to an application or a device for purifying the fluid (12) of the reservoir by forming a circulation loop for the fluid in which the fluid is withdrawn via the withdrawal line (8), purified in the application or the purification member and returned to the reservoir via the pipe (9) back.
12. Dispositif de refroidissement d'un appareil utilisateur par transfert de frigories entre un fluide liquéfié et ledit appareil utilisateur, le dispositif comprenant un réservoir de stockage de fluide liquéfié stockant un fluide cryogénique parmi : du xénon, du néon, ou tout autre fluide cryogénique un circuit de transfert de fluide depuis et vers le réservoir comprenant un système de conduites et de vannes, caractérisé en ce que le réservoir est conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 1 1 et en ce que le dispositif comporte une source de fluide caloporteur tel que de l'azote liquide, et en ce que le au moins un conduit (4) du circuit de fluide caloporteur est relié à ladite source de fluide caloporteur. 12. A device for cooling a user apparatus by transferring frigories between a liquefied fluid and said user device, the device comprising a liquefied fluid storage tank storing a cryogenic fluid among: xenon, neon, or any other cryogenic fluid a fluid transfer circuit to and from the reservoir comprising a system of pipes and valves, characterized in that the reservoir is according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1 and in that the device comprises a source of coolant such as liquid nitrogen, and in that the at least one conduit (4) of the coolant circuit is connected to said source of heat transfer fluid.
EP16757701.4A 2015-09-15 2016-08-02 Liquefied-fluid storage tank Active EP3350501B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1558629A FR3041061B1 (en) 2015-09-15 2015-09-15 LIQUEFIED FLUID STORAGE TANK
PCT/FR2016/052003 WO2017046463A1 (en) 2015-09-15 2016-08-02 Liquefied-fluid storage tank

Publications (2)

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EP3350501A1 true EP3350501A1 (en) 2018-07-25
EP3350501B1 EP3350501B1 (en) 2020-10-14

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US (1) US10781975B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3350501B1 (en)
CN (1) CN108040488B (en)
ES (1) ES2831180T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3041061B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017046463A1 (en)

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NO20201155A1 (en) * 2020-10-23 2022-04-25 Ic Tech As Improved cryogenic storage tank
CN215400017U (en) 2021-03-11 2022-01-04 宁波睿骋电器有限公司 Vacuum storage tank
KR102543574B1 (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-06-20 주식회사 에프알디 Transfer filling apparatus for hyperpure xenon gas transfer
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KR102513987B1 (en) * 2022-05-06 2023-03-27 에스탱크엔지니어링(주) Storage tank for liquefied hydrogen

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WO2017046463A1 (en) 2017-03-23
EP3350501B1 (en) 2020-10-14
FR3041061B1 (en) 2019-05-10
US20180259128A1 (en) 2018-09-13
FR3041061A1 (en) 2017-03-17
CN108040488B (en) 2020-04-10
CN108040488A (en) 2018-05-15
US10781975B2 (en) 2020-09-22
ES2831180T3 (en) 2021-06-07

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