CN116462665A - 一种有机发光材料、有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents
一种有机发光材料、有机电致发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116462665A CN116462665A CN202310723338.9A CN202310723338A CN116462665A CN 116462665 A CN116462665 A CN 116462665A CN 202310723338 A CN202310723338 A CN 202310723338A CN 116462665 A CN116462665 A CN 116462665A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 51
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 20
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- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 7
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- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(pinacolato)diboron Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
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- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NPOMSUOUAZCMBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;ethoxyethane Chemical compound ClCCl.CCOCC NPOMSUOUAZCMBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000012414 tert-butyl nitrite Substances 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QXQLGCVWRCXDKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibromonaphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(Br)C(N)=C(Br)C=C21 QXQLGCVWRCXDKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORPVVAKYSXQCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Br ORPVVAKYSXQCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTBWKAYPXIIVPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC(Br)=CC=C3NC2=C1 LTBWKAYPXIIVPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- RHRNTAKUNQTOEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (9-phenylcarbazol-1-yl)boronic acid Chemical compound C1=2C(B(O)O)=CC=CC=2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=CC=C1 RHRNTAKUNQTOEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(F)C1=C(C#N)C#N IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- HRQXKKFGTIWTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium;2-pyridin-2-ylphenolate Chemical compound [Be+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 HRQXKKFGTIWTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- GFOZRCASAHKFFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiro[10h-acridine-9,9'-fluorene] Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2NC2=CC=CC=C2C11C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 GFOZRCASAHKFFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylphosphonium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机发光材料技术领域,公开了一种有机发光材料、有机电致发光器件,其中,有机发光材料为苯并肉桂碱有机化合物,其分子结构式如下所示:和。本发明提供的苯并肉桂碱有机化合物具有较深的LUMO能级,能与深LUMO能级的客体发光材料匹配,使得载流子注入到客体发光材料的传输和注入势垒小,提高了发光层的传输性;由于苯并肉桂碱有机化合物具备双极传输特性,可以拓宽发光层的激子分布,使得激子‑激子湮灭作用或激子‑极化子湮灭作用得到抑制,降低发光效率滚降。综合上述两者优势,利用本申请苯并肉桂碱有机化合物与客体发光材料所得到的发光组合物制备的有机电致发光器件具有高发光效率、低驱动电压和低效率滚降的有益功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机发光材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种有机发光材料、有机电致发光器件。
背景技术
有机电致发光二极管(Organic Light-emitting Diode,OLED)技术是一种有机半导体薄膜在外加电场作用下的主动发光技术,它具有柔性、轻薄、发光亮度高、低功耗等诸多优势,目前已经被广泛应用在智能手机、电视、可穿戴设备、车载显示等领域。有机发光材料作为OLED显示技术产业链的关键部分,是技术壁垒的环节之一,探索符合广色域面板显示需求的OLED发光材料具有重要意义。
根据发光机制,OLED发光材料可分为传统荧光材料、磷光材料、热活化延迟荧光材料等。其中,传统荧光材料激子利用效率仅有25%,导致器件发光效率较低;含有铱、铂等配位重金属元素组成的红、绿磷光材料已实现了较高的发光效率(外量子效率超过20%),但是其光谱半峰宽较大(大于60 nm),并且光材料成本较高,导致其应用受到限制。近十年,采用不含贵金属的热活化延迟荧光材料替代磷光材料是一个较为理想的替代方案。目前,基于热活化延迟荧光材料制备的红、绿器件已实现超过20%的外量子效率。不过,相比于传统荧光以及磷光发光材料,热活化延迟荧光材料的最低未占分子轨道(LUMO)能级较深(小于-3.1 eV),导致较为成熟的磷光或荧光主体材料与热活化延迟荧光材料的能级匹配性较差,使热活化延迟荧光材料所制备的发光器件不能表现最优性能。
近几年,与热活化延迟荧光材料相匹配的主体材料主要包括咔唑及其衍生物、三嗪及其衍生物、嘧啶及其衍生物、吡啶及其衍生物(US18059410、US17937348、CN201911205731.9、CN202011480586.8、WOCN21101705)等。对于现有的热活化延迟荧光材料,其主体材料具备以下两个特点:由于热活化延迟荧光材料LUMO能级普遍比较深,因此,需要LUMO能级较深的主体材料与之进行能级匹配,对于现有的主体材料能级结构,与热活化延迟荧光能级之间仍然有提升空间。另一方面,主体材料需要维持发光层电子与空穴的载流子平衡,并且保证载流子传输能力较强,需要在主体材料中同时引入具有电子传输和空穴传输基团使主体材料具有较强的双极传输性,现有的主体材料方案其载流子传输性以及器件的发光效率性能仍然有提升空间。
因此,现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种有机发光材料、有机电致发光器,旨在解决现有用于有机电致发光器件中的主体材料载流子传输性较差以及发光效率较低的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下:
第一方面,提供一种有机发光材料,其中,所述有机发光材料为苯并肉桂碱有机化合物,其分子结构式如式(1-1)和(1-2)所示:
和,其中,取代基R1和R2分别独立地选自咔唑及其衍生物、吖啶及其衍生物、苯并噻吩及其衍生物、苯并呋喃及其衍生物、芴基及其衍生物、苯胺及其衍生物、吩噁嗪及其衍生物、吩噻嗪及其衍生物;当X1-X3之间和/或X4-X6之间发生键合形成环结构时,所述环结构含有碳原子、氮原子和氧原子中的一种或多种;当所述X1-X6彼此不键合时,所述X1-X6各自独立地选自氢原子、氘原子、氚原子、卤素原子、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的炔基、取代或未取代的成环碳数3-20的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烷氧基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的氟代烷基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的氟代烷氧基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳氧基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳硫基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳基、或者取代或未取代的成环原子数5-50的杂芳基。
第二方面,提供一种有机电致发光器件,包括基板以及依次设置在基板上的阳极层、有机发光功能层和阴极层,所述有机发光功能层包括发光层,其中,所述发光层包括主体发光材料和客体发光材料,所述主体发光材料为本发明所述的有机发光材料。
有益效果:本发明提供的有机发光材料为苯并肉桂碱有机化合物,其中,苯并肉桂碱作为电子传输性的吸电基团,匹配以空穴传输性的给电基团构筑成具有双极传输的有机材料,苯并肉桂碱有机化合物具有较深的LUMO能级,能与深LUMO能级的客体发光材料匹配,并且根据给点基团选择调控苯并肉桂碱有机化合物HOMO能级与客体发光材料的HOMO能级进行匹配,与客体发光材料组合形成能级匹配性良好的发光组合物,此时载流子注入到客体发光材料的注入势垒小,降低了器件的驱动电压;另一方面,由于苯并肉桂碱有机化合物具备性能优良的电子迁移率,加上空穴迁移率良好的给电基团可以获得传输性能好,双极性传输性能优的双极性主体材料,由于双极传输特性可以拓宽发光层的激子分布,使得激子-激子湮灭作用或激子-极化子湮灭作用得到抑制,降低发光效率滚降。综合上述两者优势,利用本申请苯并肉桂碱有机化合物与客体发光材料(热活化延迟荧光材料)所得到的发光组合物制备的有机电致发光器件具有高发光效率、低驱动电压和低效率滚降的有益功效。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例20-29的器件结构示意图。
图2为本申请实施例20与比较例30的器件外量子效率特性曲线图。
图3为本申请实施例20与比较例30的器件电流密度-电压特性曲线图。
图中标号说明:10、阳极层;11、空穴注入层;12、第一空穴传输层;13、第二空穴传输层;14、发光层;15、第二电子传输层;16、第一电子传输层;17、电子注入层;18、阴极层。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本公开实施例的附图,对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本公开的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
应该理解的是,在不冲突的前提下,本发明的任一和所有实施方案都可与任一其它实施方案或多个其它实施方案中的技术特征进行组合以得到另外的实施方案。本发明包括这样的组合得到另外的实施方案。
在本说明书中,可由本领域技术人员选择基团及其取代基以提供稳定的结构部分和化合物。当通过从左向右书写的常规化学式描述取代基时,该取代基也同样包括从右向左书写结构式时所得到的在化学上等同的取代基。
本说明书所用的章节标题仅用于组织文章的目的,而不应被解释为对所述主题的限制。本发明中引用的所有文献或文献部分包括但不限于专利、专利申请、文章、书籍、操作手册和论文,均通过引用方式整体并入本文。
除非另有规定,本文使用的所有技术术语和科学术语具有要求保护主题所属领域的标准含义。倘若对于某术语存在多个定义,则以本文定义为准。
应该理解,在本发明中使用的单数形式,如“一种”,包括复数指代,除非另有规定。此外,术语“包括”是开放性限定并非封闭式,即包括本发明所指明的内容,但并不排除其他方面的内容。
本发明提供了一种有机发光材料,其中,所述有机发光材料为苯并肉桂碱有机化合物,其分子结构式如式(1-1)和(1-2)所示:
和,其中,取代基R1和R2分别独立地选自咔唑及其衍生物、吖啶及其衍生物、苯并噻吩及其衍生物、苯并呋喃及其衍生物、芴基及其衍生物、苯胺及其衍生物、吩噁嗪及其衍生物、吩噻嗪及其衍生物;当X1-X3之间和/或X4-X6之间发生键合形成环结构时,所述环结构含有碳原子、氮原子和氧原子中的一种或多种;当所述X1-X6彼此不键合时,所述X1-X6各自独立地选自氢原子、氘原子、氚原子、卤素原子、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的炔基、取代或未取代的成环碳数3-20的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烷氧基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的氟代烷基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的氟代烷氧基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳氧基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳硫基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳基、或者取代或未取代的成环原子数5-50的杂芳基。
在一些实施方式中,所述取代基R1和R2被一个或多个含碳数5-30的杂芳基、或被一个或多个含碳数5-30的芳香胺基取代。
在一些实施方式中,苯并肉桂碱与取代基R1和R2之间设置有取代或未取代的碳数6-50的芳基、取代或未取代的成环原子数5-50的杂芳基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳氧基。
在一些实施方式中,当X1-X3之间和/或X4-X6之间发生键合形成环结构时,所述环结构优选自如下述结构式(2-1)和式(2-2)中任一所示的结构:
。
在一些实施方式中,取代基R1或R2分别独立优选自式(3-1)-式(3-16)中任一所示的结构:
其中,取代基R3-R6独立地选自取代或未取代的碳数6-50的芳基、取代或未取代的成环原子数5-50的杂芳基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳氧基。
在一些实施方式中,所述有机发光材料选自式(4-1)-式(4-41)中任一所示的结构:
。
在一些实施方式中,还提供一种有机电致发光器件,包括基板以及依次设置在基板上的阳极层、有机发光功能层和阴极层,所述有机发光功能层包括发光层,其中,所述发光层包括主体发光材料和客体发光材料,所述主体发光材料为本发明所述的有机发光材料。在本发明中,所述有机发光材料中的苯并肉桂碱作为电子传输性的吸电基团,匹配以空穴传输性的给电基团构筑成具有双极传输的有机材料,苯并肉桂碱有机化合物具有较深的LUMO能级,能与深LUMO能级的客体发光材料匹配,并且根据客体发光材料HOMO能级进一步选择能级匹配的主体发光材料形成发光组合物,此时载流子注入到客体发光材料的传输和注入势垒小,提高了发光层的传输性,并且获得朗之万复合型器件;另一方面,由于苯并肉桂碱有机化合物具备性能优良的电子迁移率,加上空穴迁移率良好的给电基团可以获得传输性能好,双极性传输性能优的双极性主体材料,由于双极传输特性可以拓宽发光层的激子分布,使得激子-激子湮灭作用或激子-极化子湮灭作用得到抑制,降低发光效率滚降。综合上述两者优势,利用本申请苯并肉桂碱有机化合物与客体发光材料(热活化延迟荧光材料)所得到的发光组合物制备的有机电致发光器件具有高发光效率、低驱动电压和低效率滚降的有益功效。
在一些实施方式中,所述发光层由主体发光材料和客体发光材料组成,所述主体发光材料的质量百分比为70.0-97.0%,所述客体发光材料的质量百分比为3-30%。
在一些实施方式中,所述发光层由主体发光材料、客体发光材料和敏化主体材料组成,其中,主体发光材料的质量百分比为40.0-89.7%,客体发光材料的质量百分比为10-50%,敏化主体材料的质量百分比为0.3-10%。
在一些实施方式中,所述客体发光材料选自式(7-1)-式(7-27)所示化合物中的一种:
。
本申请中对苯并肉桂碱有机化合物与发光客体构成的发光组合物进行了光物理性能测试,证明本发明的苯并肉桂碱有机化合物作为主体材料时具有较高的发光效率。以化合物4-1与化合物7-9共混构成的发光组合物为例,化合物7-9的掺杂质量比为10.0%。室温下该发光组合物构成的薄膜的荧光量子产率为93%,相同条件下将化合物7-9掺杂至比较化合物1
中的荧光量子产率为85%,说明本申请的苯并肉桂碱有机化合物作为主体材料时具备较高荧光量子产率。
接着,对本申请的有机电致发光器件进行进一步说明。
本申请提供了一种有机电致发光器件,如图1所示,其包括基板以及依次设置在基板上的阳极层10、有机发光功能层和阴极层18,所述有机发光功能层包括发光层14,发光层14包括主体发光材料和客体发光材料,所述主体发光材料为本发明所述的有机发光材料,即苯并肉桂碱有机化合物。
进一步地,所述有机发光功能层还包括空穴注入层11、空穴传输层、电子传输层及电子注入层17中的任意一种或者多种的组合。在本申请实施例方案中,有机发光功能层包括依次形成在基板的阳极层10上的空穴注入层11、空穴传输层、发光层14、电子传输层、电子注入层17。
在一个或多个实施方式中,发光层14中包含本申请的苯并肉桂碱有机化合物。进一步地,发光层14由本申请提供的发光组合物构成。发光层14的膜厚优选在10-50 nm的范围内选择。
阳极层10
有机电致发光器件的阳极层10主要作用是将空穴注入到空穴注入层11、空穴传输层或者发光层14,优选为使用功函数为4.5 eV以上的阳极层材料。阳极层材料优选自氧化铟锡合金(ITO)、氧化锡(NESA)、铟镓锌氧化物(IGZO)、银等中的一种。阳极层10可以通过热蒸镀法、溅射法等形成阳极层薄膜。优选地,阳极层10的可视区域的光透射率大于80%。另外,阳极层10的方阻优选为500Ω/cm-1以下,膜厚优选在10-200 nm的范围内选择。
阴极层18
有机电致发光器件的阴极层18主要作用是向电子注入层17、电子传输层或者发光层14注入电子,优选使用功函数小的材料。阴极层材料没有特别限定,优选自铝、镁、银、镁-银合金、镁-铝合金、铝-锂合金等中的一种。同样地,阴极层18也可以通过热蒸镀法、溅射法等形成阴极层薄膜,阴极层18的膜厚优选在10-200 nm的范围内选择。另外,也可以根据需要从阴极侧提取光。
电子注入层17
有机电致发光器件中,优选在阴极层18与电子传输层或发光层14的界面区域设置电子注入层17。电子注入层17主要作用是促进电子从阴极层18注入到电子传输层或发光层14,实现有机电致发光器件的发光亮度和器件寿命的提高。此处,电子注入层材料是指功函数为3.8 eV以下的材料,电子注入层材料可优选自锂、钠、钾、铷、铯、镁、钙、金、银、铜、铁、镍、铂、钯、钌、镱、三氧化钼、五氧化二钒、三氧化钨、氟化铯、碳酸铯、氟化锂、碳酸锂、8-羟基喹啉酸锂(Liq)等中的至少一种。电子注入层17可以通过热蒸镀法形成电子注入层薄膜,蒸镀速率优选为0.01-0.5 Å/s,由此制作的电子注入层17的膜厚优选在0.1-15 nm的范围内选择。
电子传输层
有机电致发光器件的电子传输层为在发光层14与阴极层18(或电子注入层17)之间形成的有机层,主要作用是将电子从阴极层向发光层14传输。电子传输层可能由一层有机层材料组成,定义为第一电子传输层16;也可能由两层有机层材料组成,将靠近阴极层18一侧的有机层定义为第一电子传输层16,将靠近发光层14一侧的有机层定义为第二电子传输层15。
作为用于电子传输层的电子传输层材料,优选使用在分子内含有1个以上杂原子的芳香族杂环化合物,特别优选含氮环衍生物。另外,作为含氮环衍生物,优选为具有含氮六元环或五元环骨架的芳香族环、或者具有含氮六元环或五元环骨架的稠合芳香族环化合物。
本申请有机电致发光器件中的电子传输层材料优选自式(ET-1)-式(ET-52)所示化合物,但不限于以下结构:
。
电子传输层的膜厚没有特别限定,优选为10-100nm。其中,当有机电致发光器件的电子传输层由第一电子传输层16组成时,第一电子传输层16的膜厚优选为10-100 nm;当有机电致发光器件的电子传输层由第一电子传输层16和第二电子传输层15组成时,第一电子传输层16的膜厚优选为9-70 nm,第二电子传输层15的膜厚优选为1-30 nm。
空穴传输层
有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层为在发光层14与阳极层10(或空穴注入层11)之间形成的有机层,主要作用是将空穴从阳极层传输至发光层14。空穴传输层可能由一层有机层材料组成,定义为第一空穴传输层12;也可能由两层有机层材料组成,将靠近阳极层10一侧的有机层定义为第一空穴传输层12,将靠近发光层14一侧的有机层定义为第二空穴传输层13。
本申请有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层,可优选自芳香族胺化合物,优选自式(HT-1)-(HT-64)所示化合物,但不限于以下结构:
空穴传输层的膜厚没有特别限定,优选为20-200 nm。其中,当有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层由第一空穴传输层组成时,第一空穴传输层的膜厚优选为20-200 nm;当有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层由第一空穴传输层和第二空穴传输层组成时,第一空穴传输层的膜厚优选为19-150 nm,第二空穴传输层的膜厚优选为1-50 nm。
空穴注入层11
本申请有机电致发光器件,优选在阳极层10与空穴传输层(或发光层14)的界面区域设置空穴注入层11。空穴注入层11主要作用是促进空穴从阳极层10注入到空穴传输层或发光层14,实现有机电致发光器件驱动电压的降低,以及发光亮度和器件寿命的提高。此处,空穴注入层材料是指含有深LUMO能级的受体型有机材料,作为其具体例,可优选自HI-1-HI-20中的一种,空穴注入层11的膜厚没有特别限定,优选为1-50 nm的范围内选择。
其中,HI-1-HI-20的结构式如下所示:
n型掺杂剂和p型掺杂剂
本申请的有机电致发光器件中,优选在电子传输层中掺杂入n型掺杂剂,空穴传输层掺杂入p型掺杂剂, n型掺杂剂和p型掺杂剂的主要作用分别是提升电子传输层和空穴传输层的传输性,降低有机电致发光器件的驱动电压。此处,n型掺杂剂作为其具体例,可优选Li、Cs、Ba、Yb、CsF、BaO、8-羟基喹啉酸锂(Liq)、Naq、Libpp、Bepq2、Bepp2、LiF、CsCO3、ZnO等中的一种;p型掺杂剂作为其具体例,可优选HATCN、F4TCNQ、化合物HI-3等中的一种。
当空穴传输层含有p型掺杂剂和空穴传输材料时,p型掺杂剂的掺杂浓度优选为0.1质量%-50.0质量%;当电子传输层含有n型掺杂剂和电子传输层材料时,n型掺杂剂的掺杂浓度优选1.0质量%-90.0质量%。
本申请的有机电致发光器件中,Liq、Naq、Libpp、Bepq2、Bepp2的结构式如下所示:
。
以下通过具体实施例对本申请作进一步说明。以实施例1-10为例说明合成实验具体细节。以实施例20-29、实施例40-42为例说明制备有机电致发光器件具体细节。以比较例30-34和比较例50-51为对比例,分别与实施例20-29以及实施例40-42的有机电致发光器件进行性能对比。
实施例1
在氮气氛下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入3-溴-9H-咔唑(2.44g,10mmol,1eq),9H-咔唑(1.7g,10mmol,1eq),乙酸钾(KOAC)(2.94g,30mmol,3eq)与催化剂铜粉(Cu)(0.064g,1mmol,0.1eq)分散在20mL N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,120 ºC反应10小时,反应结束后,加入大量水,有大量产物析出,抽滤得到滤饼,用大量的水冲洗滤饼洗掉DMF,利用二氯甲烷进行萃取,收集有机层,并用无水硫酸镁干燥。粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,使用展开剂石油醚:二氯甲烷(100:10),得到中间产物P-1,产量2.8g,收率88%。
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入2,6-二溴苯胺(2.51g,10mmol,1eq),2-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯胺(2.41g,11mmol,1.1eq)、3M%四三苯基膦钯( Pd(PPh3)4 )(346,97mg,0.3mmol,0.03eq)和K2CO3 (3.45g,25mmol,2.5eq)在乙二醇二甲醚(50ml)中与蒸馏水(50ml)(DEM/H2O)的混合物。然后放置带有回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶一起放在沙浴中,并在120℃下加热16小时。将烧瓶冷却至室温,用二氯甲烷稀释反应混合物,用二氯甲烷萃取水相。合并的有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱纯化,得到所需中间体P-2。产量1.97g,收率75%。
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入中间体P-2(4.04g,20mmol,1eq),亚硝酸叔丁酯(tBuONO, 6.18g,60mmol,3eq),然后再加入溶剂2,2,2-三氟乙醇(TFE,0.1 M,20ml)。置换氮气,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时,完成后,通过棉花过滤除去固体残余物,使用旋转蒸发器浓缩混合物溶液,并使用硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化,使用己烷和乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,得到中间体P-3, 产量2.81g,收率65%。
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入中间体P-1(3.31 g,10mmol,1eq)和中间体P-2(2.6 g,10 mmol,1 eq),乙酸钾(KOAC)(2.94g,30mmol,3eq)与催化剂铜粉(Cu)(0.064g,1mmol,0.1eq)分散在20mL 的N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,120 ºC反应10小时,反应结束后,加入大量水,有大量产物析出,抽滤得到滤饼,用大量的水冲洗滤饼洗掉DMF,利用二氯甲烷进行萃取,收集有机层,并用无水硫酸镁干燥。粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,使用展开剂石油醚:二氯甲烷(40:10),得到产物4-1,产量3.17g,收率62%。
实施例2
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入1,3二溴萘-2-氨(3.01g,10mmol,1eq)、1-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-2-萘胺 (2.69,11mmol,1.1eq)、3M%四三苯基膦钯( Pd(PPh3)4 )(346,97mg,0.3mmol,0.03eq)和K2CO3 (3.45g,25mmol,2.5eq)在乙二醇二甲醚(50ml)中与蒸馏水(50ml)(DEM/H2O)的混合物。然后放置带有回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶一起放在沙浴中,并在120℃下加热16小时。将烧瓶冷却至室温,用二氯甲烷稀释反应混合物,用二氯甲烷萃取水相。合并的有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱纯化,得到所需中间体P-4,产量1.85g,收率51%。
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入中间体P-4(3.62g,10mmol,1eq),亚硝酸叔丁酯(tBuONO, 3.09g,30mmol,3eq),然后再加入溶剂2,2,2-三氟乙醇(TFE,0.1 M,20ml)。置换氮气,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时,完成后,通过棉花过滤除去固体残余物,使用旋转蒸发器浓缩混合物溶液,并使用硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化,使用己烷和乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,得到中间体P-5,产量2.6g,收率1.6g。
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入中间体P-1(3.31 g,10mmol,1eq)和中间体P-5(3.6g,10 mmol,1 eq),乙酸钾(KOAC)(2.94g,30mmol,3eq)与催化剂铜粉(Cu)(0.064g,1mmol,0.1eq)分散在20mL 的N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,120 ºC反应10小时,反应结束后,加入大量水,有大量产物析出,抽滤得到滤饼,用大量的水冲洗滤饼洗掉DMF,利用二氯甲烷进行萃取,收集有机层,并用无水硫酸镁干燥。粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,使用展开剂石油醚:二氯甲烷(20:10),得到产物4-2,产量3.5g,收率58%。
实施例3
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入1,3二溴萘-2-氨(3.01g,10mmol,1eq)、2-氨基-3-萘硼酸频那醇酯 (2.69,11mmol,1.1eq)、3M%四三苯基膦钯( Pd(PPh3)4 )(346,97mg,0.3mmol,0.03eq)和K2CO3 (3.45g,25mmol,2.5eq)在乙二醇二甲醚(50ml)中与蒸馏水(50ml)(DEM/H2O)的混合物。然后放置带有回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶一起放在沙浴中,并在120℃下加热16小时。将烧瓶冷却至室温,用二氯甲烷稀释反应混合物,用二氯甲烷萃取水相。合并的有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱纯化,得到所需中间体P-6,1.47g,收率41%。
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入中间体P-6(3.62g,10mmol,1eq),亚硝酸叔丁酯(tBuONO, 3.09g,30mmol,3eq),然后再加入溶剂2,2,2-三氟乙醇(TFE,0.1 M,20ml)。置换氮气,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时,完成后,通过棉花过滤除去固体残余物,使用旋转蒸发器浓缩混合物溶液,并使用硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化,使用己烷和乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,得到中间体P-7,产量1.2g,收率33%。
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入中间体P-1(3.31 g,10mmol,1eq)和中间体P-7(3.6g,10 mmol,1 eq),乙酸钾(KOAC)(2.94g,30mmol,3eq)与催化剂铜粉(Cu(0.064g,1mmol,0.1eq)分散在20mL 的N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,120 ºC反应10小时,反应结束后,加入大量水,有大量产物析出,抽滤得到滤饼,用大量的水冲洗滤饼洗掉DMF,利用二氯甲烷进行萃取,收集有机层,并用无水硫酸镁干燥。粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,使用展开剂石油醚:二氯甲烷(10:10),得到产物4-3,产量2.5g,收率39%。
实施例4
在氮气保护下,将3-硼酸-9-苯咔唑(2.9,10mmol,1eq),3-溴咔唑(2.4,10mmol,1eq),K2CO3(2.45g,25mmol,2.5eq),甲苯、乙醇和蒸馏水的混合溶剂加,到反应装置中,搅拌,通氮气置换,然后加入三(二亚苄基丙酮)钯(Pd2(dba)3(0.27g,0.3mmol,0.03eq),检测无原料,加水终止反应,分去水层,有机层经硅胶吸附滤去催化剂,减压蒸出甲苯,降温,抽滤,真空干燥,得中间体P-8,产量2.6g,收率54%。
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入5-氟-2-碘苯胺(2.37g,10mmol,1eq),2-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯胺(2.41g,1mmol,1.1eq),Pd(PPh3)4(346,97mg,0.5mmol,0.03eq)和K2CO3(3.45g,25mmol,2.5eq)在乙二醇二甲醚(50ml)中与蒸馏水(50ml)的混合物。然后放置带有回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶一起放在沙浴中,并在120℃下加热16小时。将烧瓶冷却至室温,用二氯甲烷稀释反应混合物,用二氯甲烷萃取水相。合并的有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,真空浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱纯化,得到所需中间体P-9,产量1.56g,收率78%。
在氮气保护下,向烘干的圆底烧瓶中加入中间体P-9(4.04g,20mmol,1eq),亚硝酸叔丁酯(tBuONO, 6.18g,60mmol,3eq),然后再加入溶剂2,2,2-三氟乙醇(TFE,0.1 M,20ml)。置换氮气,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌12-24小时,完成后,通过棉花过滤除去固体残余物,使用旋转蒸发器浓缩混合物溶液,并使用硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化,使用己烷和乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,得到中间体P-10,产量2.4g,收率50%。
在氮气保护下,向250ml圆底烧瓶中加入中间体P-8(3.31 g,10mmol,1eq)和中间体P-10(2.6 g,10 mmol,1 eq),碳酸铯(CsCO3,8.13g,25mmol,2.5eq)分散在20mL 的N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,120 ºC反应10小时,反应结束后,加入大量水,有大量产物析出,抽滤得到滤饼,用大量的水冲洗滤饼洗掉DMF,利用二氯甲烷进行萃取,收集有机层,并用无水硫酸镁干燥。粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,使用展开剂石油醚:二氯甲烷(10:10),得到产物4-6,产量3.3g,收率58.6%。
实施例5
在氮气保护下,向二苯胺 (3.7g,20mmol,1eq),添加 1-溴-4-碘苯(5.6g,21mmol,1eq), 三(二亚苄基丙酮)钯(Pd2(dba)3,549mg,0.6mmol,0,03eq),三叔丁基磷(P(t-Bu)3,16g,80mmol,4eq),叔丁醇那(Naot-Bu,4.8g,2.5mmol,2.5eq),于甲苯溶液中120ºC反应12小时。反应结束后,旋干溶剂,粗产物通过柱色谱使用石油醚:二氯甲烷(80:20, v:v)进一步纯化。得到产物P-11,产量4.7g,收率73%。
在氮气保护下,利用相同的合成方法得到中间体P-12和4-22。
实施例6
在氮气保护下,向二苯胺 (3.7g,20mmol,1eq),添加 1,4-er二溴-2,3,5,6-四苯基联苯(10.8g,21mmol,1eq),三(二亚苄基丙酮)钯(Pd2(dba)3,549mg,0.6mmol,0,03eq),三叔丁基磷(P(t-Bu)3,16g,80mmol,4eq),叔丁醇那(Naot-Bu,4.8g,2.5mmol,2.5eq),于甲苯溶液中120ºC反应12小时。反应结束后,旋干溶剂,粗产物通过柱色谱使用石油醚:二氯甲烷(80:20, v:v),进一步纯化。得到产物P-13,产量10.5g,收率85.5%。
在氮气保护下,中间体P-13(6.28g,10mmol,1eq),双(频哪酸盐)二硼烷(5.060g,20mmol,2eq),醋酸钾(KOAC,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),DPPF二氯化钯(Pd(dppf)Cl2,217mg,3mmol,0.03eq)和120ml二恶烷置于圆底烧瓶中。将混合物在85°C下在氮气下加热48小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物用50ml水洗涤三次并用二氯甲烷萃取。将有机溶液用Mg2SO4干燥,然后将蒸发溶剂。残留物通过柱色谱法纯化,用石油醚/二氯甲烷混合物,得到白色固体中间体P-14,产量5.5g,收率86%。
在氮气保护下,将中间体P-14(3.59g,10mmol,1eq),中间体P-5(6.7g,10mmol,1.2eq),将K2CO3溶液(2M,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),15ml乙醇、15ml水和30 ml甲苯置于250ml圆底烧瓶。混合物在液氮下脱气后,3M%四三苯基膦钯( Pd(PPh3)4 ,346mg,0.3mmol,0.03eq),将混合物在90°C下加热36在氮气下数小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物洗涤三次用50毫升水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取。有机溶液通过然后蒸发溶剂。残留物通过以石油醚/二氯甲烷(1:1,v/v)为洗脱剂进行柱色谱,得到产物4-24,产量6.21g,收率75%。
实施例7
在氮气保护下,向中间体P-1(3.32g,10mmol,1eq),2Br-FN(3.25g,12mmol,1.1eq)三(二亚苄基丙酮)钯(Pd2(dba)3,274mg,0.3mmol,0,03eq),三叔丁基磷(P(t-Bu),1.08g,
40mmol,4eq),叔丁醇那(Naot-Bu,4.8g,2.5mmol,2.5eq),于甲苯溶液中120ºC反应12小时。反应结束后,旋干溶剂,粗产物通过柱色谱使用石油醚:二氯甲烷(60:20, v:v),进一步纯化。得到中间体P-15,产量3.6g,产率63%。
在氮气保护下,中间体P-15(5.71g,10mmol,1eq),双(频哪酸盐)二硼烷(5.06g,20mmol,2eq),醋酸钾(KOAC,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),DPPF二氯化钯(Pd(dppf)Cl2,217mg,3mmol,0.03eq)和120ml二恶烷置于圆底烧瓶中。将混合物在85°C下在氮气下加热48小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物用50ml水洗涤三次并用二氯甲烷萃取。将有机溶液用Mg2SO4干燥,然后将蒸发溶剂。残留物通过柱色谱法纯化,用石油醚/二氯甲烷混合物,得到白色固体中间体P-16,产量4.8g,收率80%。
在氮气保护下,将中间体P-16(6.11g,10mmol,1eq),中间体P-1(2.59,10mmol,1.2eq),将K2CO3溶液(2M,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),15ml乙醇、15ml水和30 ml甲苯置于250ml圆底烧瓶。混合物在液氮下脱气后,3M%四三苯基膦钯( Pd(PPh3)4 ,346mg,0.3mmol,0.03eq),将混合物在90°C下加热36在氮气下数小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物洗涤三次用50毫升水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取。有机溶液通过然后蒸发溶剂。残留物通过以石油醚/二氯甲烷(1:1,v/v)为洗脱剂进行柱色谱,得到产物4-27,产量5.3g,收率78%。
实施例8
在氮气保护下,将(9-苯基-9H-咔唑-1基)硼酸(2.87g,10mmol,1eq),1-溴-2-硝基苯(2.24g,10mmol,1.2eq),将K2CO3溶液(2M,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),15ml乙醇、15ml水和30 ml甲苯置于250ml圆底烧瓶。混合物在液氮下脱气后,3M%四三苯基膦钯( Pd(PPh3)4 ,346mg,0.3mmol,0.03eq),将混合物在90°C下加热36h在氮气下数小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物洗涤三次用50毫升水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取。有机溶液通过然后蒸发溶剂。残留物通过以石油醚/二氯甲烷(1:1,v/v)为洗脱剂进行柱色谱,得到产物中间体P-17,产量2.6g,收率72%。
在氮气保护下,加入中间体P-17(3.6g,10mmol,1eq)、三苯基膦(PPh3,2.8g,12mmol,1.2eq)、20ml邻二氯苯,搅拌混合,加热至180°C,反应12小时,取样点板,显示无中间体P-17剩余,反应完全;自然冷却至室温,过滤,滤液减压旋蒸至无馏分,过中性硅胶柱,得到中间体P-18,产量1.6g,收率48%。
在氮气保护下,加入中间体P-18(3.32g,10mmol,1eq),对溴碘苯(2.82g,12mmol,1.2eq),碘化亚铜(CuI,380mg,2mmol,0.2eq),无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)40ml在N2气氛下于140℃加热12小时。然后将混合物冷却至室温,过滤并用乙酸乙酯萃取。分离有机层,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并蒸发。粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,用石油醚作为洗脱剂,得到中间体P-19,产量3.5g,收率73%。
在氮气保护下,中间体P-19(4.8g,10mmol,1eq),双(频哪酸盐)二硼烷(5.06g,20mmol,2eq),醋酸钾(KOAC,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),DPPF二氯化钯(Pd(dppf)Cl2,217mg,3mmol,0.03eq)和120ml二恶烷置于圆底烧瓶中。将混合物在85°C下在氮气下加热48小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物用50ml水洗涤三次并用二氯甲烷萃取。将有机溶液用Mg2SO4干燥,然后将蒸发溶剂。残留物通过柱色谱法纯化,用石油醚/二氯甲烷混合物,得到白色固体中间体P-20,产量3.8g,收率72%。
在氮气保护下,将中间体P-20(5.3g,10mmol,1eq),中间体P-1(2.59,10mmol,1.2eq),将K2CO3溶液(2M,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),15ml乙醇、15ml水和30 ml甲苯置于250ml圆底烧瓶。混合物在液氮下脱气后,3M%四三苯基膦钯( Pd(PPh3)4 ,346mg,0.3mmol,0.03eq),将混合物在90°C下加热36在氮气下数小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物洗涤三次用50毫升水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取。有机溶液通过然后蒸发溶剂。残留物通过以石油醚/二氯甲烷(1:1,v/v)为洗脱剂进行柱色谱,得到产物4-31,产量4.3g,收率76%。
实施例9
在氮气保护下,将9-苯基-2-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-9H-咔唑(3.69g,10mmol,1eq),1-溴-2-硝基苯(2.24g,10mmol,1.2eq),将K2CO3溶液(2M,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),15ml乙醇、15ml水和30 ml甲苯置于250ml圆底烧瓶。混合物在液氮下脱气后,3M%四三苯基膦钯( Pd(PPh3)4 ,346mg,0.3mmol,0.03eq),将混合物在90°C下加热36h在氮气下数小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物洗涤三次用50毫升水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取。有机溶液通过然后蒸发溶剂。残留物通过以石油醚/二氯甲烷(1:1,v/v)为洗脱剂进行柱色谱,得到产物中间体P-21,产量2.8g,收率74%。
在氮气保护下,加入中间体P-21(3.6g,10mmol,1eq)、三苯基膦(PPh3,2.8g,12mmol,1.2eq)、20ml邻二氯苯,搅拌混合,加热至180°C,反应12小时,取样点板,显示无中间体P-17剩余,反应完全;自然冷却至室温,过滤,滤液减压旋蒸至无馏分,过中性硅胶柱,得到中间体P-22,产量1.4g,收率44%。
在氮气保护下,加入中间体P-22(3.32g,10mmol,1eq),对溴碘苯(2.82g,12mmol,1.2eq),碘化亚铜(CuI,380mg,2mmol,0.2eq),无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)40ml在N2气氛下于140℃加热12小时。然后将混合物冷却至室温,过滤并用乙酸乙酯萃取。分离有机层,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并蒸发。粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,用石油醚作为洗脱剂,得到中间体P-23,产量3.8g,收率75%。
在氮气保护下,中间体P-23(4.8g,10mmol,1eq),双(频哪酸盐)二硼烷(5.06g,20mmol,2eq),醋酸钾(KOAC,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),DPPF二氯化钯(Pd(dppf)Cl2,217mg,3mmol,0.03eq)和120ml二恶烷置于圆底烧瓶中。将混合物在85°C下在氮气下加热48小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物用50ml水洗涤三次并用二氯甲烷萃取。将有机溶液用Mg2SO4干燥,然后将蒸发溶剂。残留物通过柱色谱法纯化,用石油醚/二氯甲烷混合物,得到白色固体中间体P-24,产量3.8g,收率72%。
在氮气保护下,将中间体P-20(5.3g,10mmol,1eq),中间体P-1(2.59,10mmol,1.2eq),将K2CO3溶液(2M,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),15ml乙醇、15ml水和30 ml甲苯置于250ml圆底烧瓶。混合物在液氮下脱气后,3M%四三苯基膦钯( Pd(PPh3)4 ,346mg,0.3mmol,0.03eq),将混合物在90°C下加热36在氮气下数小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物洗涤三次用50毫升水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取。有机溶液通过然后蒸发溶剂。残留物通过以石油醚/二氯甲烷(1:1,v/v)为洗脱剂进行柱色谱,得到产物4-33,产量4.6g,收率81%。
实施例10
在氮气保护下,加入10H-螺[吖啶-9,9'-芴] (3.31g,10mmol,1eq),对溴碘苯(2.82g,12mmol,1.2eq),碘化亚铜(CuI,380mg,2mmol,0.2eq),无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)40ml在N2气氛下于140℃加热12小时。然后将混合物冷却至室温,过滤并用乙酸乙酯萃取。分离有机层,用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并蒸发。粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,用石油醚作为洗脱剂,得到中间体P-25,产量3.5g,收率73%。
在氮气保护下,中间体P-25(4.9g,10mmol,1eq),双(频哪酸盐)二硼烷(5.06g,20mmol,2eq),醋酸钾(KOAC,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),DPPF二氯化钯(Pd(dppf)Cl2,217mg,3mmol,0.03eq)和120ml二恶烷置于圆底烧瓶中。将混合物在85°C下在氮气下加热48小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物用50ml水洗涤三次并用二氯甲烷萃取。将有机溶液用Mg2SO4干燥,然后将蒸发溶剂。残留物通过柱色谱法纯化,用石油醚/二氯甲烷混合物,得到白色固体中间体P-26,产量3.6g,收率68%。
在氮气保护下,将中间体P-20(5.3g,10mmol,1eq),中间体P-1(2.59,10mmol,1.2eq),将K2CO3溶液(2M,2.9g,30mmol,3eq),15ml乙醇、15ml水和30 ml甲苯置于250ml圆底烧瓶。混合物在液氮下脱气后,3M%四三苯基膦钯( Pd(PPh3)4 ,346mg,0.3mmol,0.03eq),将混合物在90°C下加热36在氮气下数小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物洗涤三次用50毫升水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取。有机溶液通过然后蒸发溶剂。残留物通过以石油醚/二氯甲烷(1:1,v/v)为洗脱剂进行柱色谱,得到产物4-38,产量4.2g,收率72%。
实施例1-10制备得到的化合物的元素分析和分子量如表1所示。
表1 化合物的元素分析和分子量结果
实施例20-29
以下是利用本申请化合物制备有机电致发光器件的实施例,具体的器件制备工艺及器件性能测试实验操作如下:
将30 mm×30 mm×0.7 mm的带ITO透明电极(阳极层,ITO的膜厚设为95 nm)的玻璃基板依次在洗液(1次)、丙酮(1次)、超纯水(2次)、异丙醇(1次)中进行超声波清洗,每一步骤超声清洗时间为10分钟。将清洗后的ITO玻璃基板放置于80℃的烘箱烘烤3小时。洗液用于清洗带有ITO透明电极的玻璃基板表面所粘附的污物油污,此为市面可购得产品,在此不赘述。
对烘烤后的带ITO透明电极的玻璃基板进行真空等离子体清洗处理10分钟。
将等离子体处理后的上述玻璃基板安装于真空蒸镀装置的基板架,首先在形成有ITO透明电极的一侧的面上以覆盖ITO透明电极的方式蒸镀化合物HATCN(即化合物HI-3),形成膜厚为10 nm的空穴注入层。
在该空穴注入层之上蒸镀化合物HT-10,形成膜厚40 nm的第一空穴传输层。
继而,在该第一空穴传输层之上蒸镀化合物HT-64,形成膜厚10 nm的第二空穴传输层。
继而,在该第二空穴传输层之上共蒸镀第三化合物(主体材料)和第二化合物(掺杂剂材料),形成膜厚30 nm的发光层。
其中,第二化合物和第三化合物组合所构成的实施例20-29如表2所示。
表2 实施例20-29发光层材料组成
继而,在该发光层之上蒸镀ET-46,形成膜厚10 nm的第二电子传输层。
继而,在该第二电子传输层之上蒸镀ET-9,形成膜厚30 nm的第一电子传输层。
继而,在该第一电子传输层之上蒸镀Liq,形成膜厚2 nm的电子注入层。
继而,在该电子注入层之上蒸镀金属Al,形成膜厚100 nm的阴极层,制得有机电致发光器件。
比较例30-34
比较例30-34制备的有机电致发光器件与实施例20-29相同,区别在于发光层,比较例30-34的发光层是由第三化合物(主体材料)和第二化合物(敏化剂材料)共蒸镀制备得到,第二化合物和第三化合物组合以及质量比如表3所示。
表3 比较例30-34发光层材料组成
比较化合物2和比较化合物3具有如下结构式:
实施例40-42
实施例40-42制备的有机电致发光器件与实施例20-29相同,区别在于发光层,实施例40-42的发光层由第一化合物、第二化合物和第三化合物共蒸镀制备得到,第一化合物、第二化合物和第三化合物组合如表4所示。
表4 实施例40-42发光层材料组成
BN-1具有如下结构式:
比较例50-52
比较例50-52制备的有机电致发光器件与实施例40-42相同,区别在于发光层,实施例50-52的发光层由第一化合物、第二化合物和第三化合物共蒸镀制备得到,第一化合物、第二化合物和第三化合物组合如表5所示。
表5 比较例50-52发光层材料组成
有机电致发光器件性能评价
本申请实施例20-29、实施例40-42、比较例30-34和比较例50-52制备的有机电致发光器件性能使用分光辐射亮度计CS-2000(Konica Minolta)和数字源表2420(Keithley)测量所制备的有机电致发光器件时的CIE1931色度坐标(x, y)、器件外量子效率(单位:nm)。
本申请实施例20-29、实施例40-42、比较例30-34和比较例50-52制备的有机电致发光器件性能结果见表6。
表6
结合对比表6中实施例20-25和比较例30-33以及实施例26-29和比较例34的器件性能结果,以及图2和图3中实施例20与比较例30的性能对比结果图可知,本申请的苯并肉桂碱有机化合物作为第三化合物相比于比较例第三化合物具备更高的发光效率以及更低的驱动电压,这是由于本申请的苯并肉桂碱有机化合物具有良好的双极传输性,并且苯并肉桂碱的LUMO能级较深,能够与第二化合物之间具有良好的能级匹配性,使得载流子可以顺利注入到第二化合物进行复合发光,因此,器件的发光效率和驱动电压表现更优。另一方面,由于苯并肉桂碱有机化合物的双极传输性能,使得载流子复合区域有效拓宽,因此器件的效率滚降相比于比较例更小。进一步对比表6中实施例40-42和比较例50-52的三元掺杂有机电致发光器件性能结果可知,本申请的苯并肉桂碱有机化合物作为第三化合物形成的三元发光组合物相比于比较例仍可以实现更高的发光效率、更低的驱动电压以及更小的发光效率滚降,说明苯并肉桂碱有机化合物作为主体材料获得高效率、低滚降、低驱动电压的有机电致发光器件具有普适性效果。
以上实验数据表明,本申请的苯并肉桂碱有机化合物作为有机电致发光器件的主体材料,是性能良好的有机发光功能材料,有望推广商业化应用。
应当理解的是,本发明的应用不限于上述的举例,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述有机发光材料为苯并肉桂碱有机化合物,其分子结构式如式(1-1)和(1-2)所示:
和,其中,取代基R1和R2分别独立地选自咔唑及其衍生物、吖啶及其衍生物、苯并噻吩及其衍生物、苯并呋喃及其衍生物、芴基及其衍生物、苯胺及其衍生物、吩噁嗪及其衍生物、吩噻嗪及其衍生物;当X1-X3之间和/或X4-X6之间发生键合形成环结构时,所述环结构含有碳原子、氮原子和氧原子中的一种或多种;当所述X1-X6彼此不键合时,所述X1-X6各自独立地选自氢原子、氘原子、氚原子、卤素原子、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烷基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的炔基、取代或未取代的成环碳数3-20的环烷基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烷氧基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的氟代烷基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的氟代烷氧基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳氧基、取代或未取代的碳数1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳硫基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳基、或者取代或未取代的成环原子数5-50的杂芳基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述取代基R1和R2被一个或多个含碳数5-30的杂芳基、或被一个或多个含碳数5-30的芳香胺基取代;和/或,苯并肉桂碱与取代基R1和R2之间设置有取代或未取代的碳数6-50的芳基、取代或未取代的成环原子数5-50的杂芳基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳氧基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,当X1-X3之间和/或X4-X6之间发生键合形成环结构时,所述环结构优选自如下述结构式(2-1)和式(2-2)中任一所示的结构:
。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,取代基R1或R2分别独立优选自式(3-1)-式(3-16)中任一所示的结构:
,
其中,取代基R3-R6独立地选自取代或未取代的碳数6-50的芳基、取代或未取代的成环原子数5-50的杂芳基、取代或未取代的成环碳数6-50的芳氧基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述有机发光材料选自式(4-1)-式(4-41)中任一所示的结构:
。
6.一种有机电致发光器件,包括基板以及依次设置在基板上的阳极层、有机发光功能层和阴极层,所述有机发光功能层包括发光层,其特征在于,所述发光层包括主体发光材料和客体发光材料,所述主体发光材料为权利要求1-5任一所述的有机发光材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述发光层由主体发光材料和客体发光材料组成,所述主体发光材料的质量百分比为70.0-97.0%,所述客体发光材料的质量百分比为3-30%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述发光层由主体发光材料、客体发光材料和敏化主体材料组成。
9.根据权利要求7所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述发光层中,主体发光材料的质量百分比为40.0-89.7%,客体发光材料的质量百分比为10-50%,敏化主体材料的质量百分比为0.3-10%。
10.根据权利要求6-9任一所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述客体发光材料选自式(7-1)-式(7-27)所示化合物中的一种:
。
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