CN116458398A - Method for reducing content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice - Google Patents
Method for reducing content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 selenium-cyanogen compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium sulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[S-2] UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CPKYOJFBOKVBMW-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-selenocyanatoacetate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C[Se]C#N CPKYOJFBOKVBMW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- CRDYSYOERSZTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M selenocyanate Chemical compound [Se-]C#N CRDYSYOERSZTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- GSFSVEDCYBDIGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-6-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 GSFSVEDCYBDIGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- JJWSNOOGIUMOEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monomethylmercury Chemical compound [Hg]C JJWSNOOGIUMOEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000756137 Hemerocallis Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010029350 Neurotoxicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010044221 Toxic encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000693 bioaccumulation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009875 biological transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ATZBPOVXVPIOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmercury Chemical compound C[Hg]C ATZBPOVXVPIOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice, which comprises the following steps: before rice transplanting, heavy metal curing agent and heavy metal stabilizer are applied during farmland tillage; spraying a heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor for 1-3 times in the growing period of rice; wherein the heavy metal curing agent is a sulfur-containing compound, and the application amount is 2-9 kg/mu calculated by sulfur; the heavy metal stabilizer is a clay compound, and the application amount is 100-300 kg/mu; the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is an organic selenium-cyanogen compound, and the application amount of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is 1-4 g/mu calculated by selenium each time. According to the invention, through the technical means of combining soil heavy metal solidification stabilization and leaf surface resistance control, on one hand, the heavy metal is controlled to be dissolved out of the soil from the source, and the absorption of the heavy metal by the root of the rice is reduced; on the other hand, the migration of heavy metals is prevented and controlled from the rice body, and the transfer of the heavy metals into the rice is reduced, so that the content of the heavy metals in the rice is further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice.
Background
Agricultural land areas contaminated with heavy metals throughout the country have been investigated to be about 2500 ten thousand hectares, with up to 1200 ten thousand tons of heavy metal contaminated grains per year. The agricultural department environmental protection monitoring system surveys the 8223 ten thousand mu land in 320 serious pollution areas of 24 provinces and cities of the whole country, and finds that the farmland pollution exceeding area of the field agricultural products accounts for about 20% of the area of the polluted farmland, wherein 80% of the soil and the crop pollution exceeding area are due to heavy metal pollution.
China is one of countries with serious mercury pollution in the world, especially in cities and surrounding areas with developed industries and dense population. According to statistics, the mercury produced by China per year pollutes the environment reaches 1.9X10 8 kg, the cultivated land area polluted by mercury is 3.2X10 4 hm 2 The problem is very serious.
Mercury is an environmental pollutant on earth that has a great environmental impact and serious toxicity to living beings. Mercury and its compounds can be converted into methyl mercury or dimethyl mercury with stronger toxicity under the action of microorganisms under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The organic compounds of mercury have severe neurotoxicity and are subject to more serious consequences after bioaccumulation and food chain amplification. Since the "water" event in japan in 1956, natural environments contaminated with mercury have been increasingly alerted to humans, and the transfer rate of mercury in soil-plant systems and terrestrial food chains has been increasing, and the problem of mercury contamination has attracted widespread attention and importance. Mercury has been listed as a priority environmental pollutant by the united nations environmental planning agency (UNEP), world Health Organization (WHO), international grain and farming organization (FAO), and many national governments. Thus, mercury movement and accumulation in the soil-crop-human system is of great concern.
Cadmium is also a heavy metal which can cause harm to human bodies, and long-term eating of food containing cadmium can cause damage to kidneys and bones, thereby causing pain. Cadmium can accumulate in the kidneys, eventually leading to renal failure, damaging the urinary system; the effects on bone are bone softening and osteoporosis. The total amount of cadmium discharged into the environment from industrial waste in China is about 680 tons each year, and according to estimation, the farmland polluted by the cadmium has about 8000 ten thousand acres, is distributed sporadically in the north, is more densely in the south, and is distributed in some areas of Hunan, jiangxi, yunnan, guangxi provinces and the like. Rice is a large number of cereal crops with strongest cadmium absorption, and in some areas with serious heavy metal pollution, the effective cadmium content of the rice field is even 26 times of national allowable value. However, research shows that the south acid soil planted super hybrid rice is easier to absorb cadmium than the conventional rice.
Aiming at the current situation that the heavy metal pollution of paddy fields is increasingly serious, a great deal of work is carried out at home and abroad to control and reduce the heavy metal pollution of paddy rice. Research shows that in the heavy metal contaminated area of the soil, the heavy metal content in rice grains can be influenced by the soil pollution condition and the rice variety and the cultivation technology. In the rice growth process, agricultural measures such as fertilization, water management and the like can change the physical and chemical conditions of soil and the growth conditions of rice, so that the existence state of heavy metals in the soil and the effectiveness of the heavy metals on plants can be changed, and the absorption and distribution of the heavy metals of the rice are affected. CN102356739a discloses a method for reducing heavy metal pollution of arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury in rice, which comprises spraying a divalent manganese fertilizer at the early stage of booting rice and spraying a selenium fertilizer at the snapping stage of rice. However, foliar fertilization has lower absorption and availability, and can not effectively block the absorption and transportation of heavy metals in the root of the rice. CN102972114a discloses a fertilizing method for controlling rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation, which adopts sulfur-containing compounds and cadmium to form insoluble cadmium sulfide, reduces the effective cadmium level in soil, further reduces the cadmium absorption of rice root systems, and reduces and controls rice cadmium accumulation. However, the method is only suitable for non-sulfate soil, and has limited barrier capability for super hybrid rice with developed root systems in acid soil; if the fertilizing amount is increased, excessive fertilizer absorption of rice is caused, and adverse effects such as pest damage, green late maturing of rice, lodging and yield reduction are increased, so that the rice production benefit is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method capable of reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice, which is characterized in that the soil and the rice leaf surfaces of farmlands are treated, the heavy metals in the soil are solidified and controlled, the migration of the heavy metals to rice plants and paddy is reduced, the content of the heavy metals in final rice is reduced, and the safe utilization of the soil of paddy fields with excessive mercury and cadmium is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
The invention provides a method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice, which comprises the following steps:
before rice transplanting, heavy metal curing agent and heavy metal stabilizer are applied during farmland tillage;
spraying a heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor for 1-3 times in the growing period of rice;
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the heavy metal curing agent is a sulfur-containing compound, and the application amount is 2-9 kg/mu calculated by sulfur;
the heavy metal stabilizer is a clay compound, and the application amount is 100-300 kg/mu;
the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is an organic selenium-cyanogen compound, and the application amount of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is 1-4 g/mu calculated by selenium each time.
Preferably, the heavy metal curing agent is one or more of sodium sulfide, ammonium sulfide, thiourea, sodium thiosulfate and dimethyl sodium dithiocarbamate.
Preferably, the heavy metal stabilizer is one or more of montmorillonite, kaolin, bauxite, sepiolite, palygorskite or modified substances thereof.
Preferably, the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is one or more of potassium selenocyanoacetate, benzoselenocyano and selenocyanate.
Preferably, when the total content of mercury and cadmium in the soil is less than 10mg/kg, the application amount of the heavy metal curing agent is 2-4.5 kg/mu calculated by sulfur; when the total content of mercury and cadmium in the soil is more than or equal to 10mg/kg, the application amount of the heavy metal curing agent is 4.5-9 kg/mu calculated by sulfur.
Preferably, when the pH of the soil is less than 5.0, the application amount of the heavy metal stabilizer is 250-300 kg/mu; when the pH value of the soil is more than or equal to 5.0 and less than or equal to 6.0, the application amount of the heavy metal stabilizer is 150-250 kg/mu; when the pH of the soil is more than 6.0, the application amount of the heavy metal stabilizer is 100-150 kg/mu.
Preferably, the heavy metal leaf surface resistance and control agent is prepared into a solution with selenium content of 10-20 mg/L by adding water and is sprayed on rice leaf surfaces.
Preferably, the application period of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is one or two of the tillering period, the flowering period, the booting period and the grouting period of rice.
More preferably, the application period of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is the booting period and the grouting period of the rice.
Preferably, the spraying time of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is 10:00 a.m. or 16:00 a.m. after afternoon.
According to the invention, through the technical means of combining soil heavy metal solidification stabilization and leaf surface resistance control, on one hand, the heavy metal is controlled to be dissolved out of the soil from the source, and the absorption of the heavy metal by the root of the rice is reduced; on the other hand, the migration of heavy metals is prevented and controlled from the rice body, and the transfer of the heavy metals into the rice is reduced, so that the content of the heavy metals in the rice is further reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the content of mercury, cadmium, lead and other heavy metals in the rice can be obviously reduced; the function of rice selenium enrichment is realized, the relevant standards of national and local selenium-enriched rice are met, the functionality of the rice is increased, and the greater economic value of the rice is created; the materials used are all safe and environment-friendly materials, no ecological environment risk exists, and meanwhile, the operation method is simple and convenient, the effect is stable, the influence on the rice yield is avoided, the peasant household acceptance is high, and the method is suitable for the safe production of large-area heavy metal out-of-standard rice fields such as mercury, cadmium, lead and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments to make the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the examples of the present invention, all raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless specified otherwise; unless specifically indicated, all technical means used are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
before rice transplanting, heavy metal curing agent and heavy metal stabilizer are applied during farmland tillage;
spraying a heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor for 1-3 times in the growing period of rice;
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the heavy metal curing agent is a sulfur-containing compound, and the application amount is 2-9 kg/mu calculated by sulfur;
the heavy metal stabilizer is a clay compound, and the application amount is 100-300 kg/mu;
the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is an organic selenium-cyanogen compound, and the application amount of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is 1-4 g/mu calculated by selenium each time.
In some preferred embodiments, the heavy metal solidifying agent is one or more of sodium sulfide, ammonium sulfide, thiourea, sodium thiosulfate, and sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate. The heavy metal curing agent can form water-insoluble sulfides with heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead and the like in the soil, so that free heavy metal ions are cured in a precipitated form.
In some preferred embodiments, the heavy metal stabilizer is one or more of montmorillonite, kaolin, alum, sepiolite, palygorskite, or a modification thereof. The heavy metal stabilizer has good adsorption effect and soil conditioning function, can effectively adsorb trace heavy metals, and further promotes the combination of heavy metal sulfides and soil.
In some preferred embodiments, the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is one or more of potassium selenocyanoacetate, benzoselenocyano, selenocyanate. The organic selenium has antagonistic effect on heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium and lead in plants, can reduce the biological enrichment coefficient of the rice on the heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium and the like, reduce the biological transport coefficient of the rice from roots to stems, leaves and seeds, and reduce the transport of the heavy metals to rice grains, thereby reducing the heavy metal content in the rice. And the organic selenium can change the chemical form of mercury in rice, and can reduce the content of mercury in high-toxicity forms such as methyl mercury and the like while reducing the total mercury content, thereby reducing the biotoxicity of mercury in rice.
In some preferred embodiments, when the total content of mercury and cadmium in the soil is less than 10mg/kg, the application amount of the heavy metal curing agent is 2-4.5 kg/mu calculated by sulfur; when the total content of mercury and cadmium in the soil is more than or equal to 10mg/kg, the application amount of the heavy metal curing agent is 4.5-9 kg/mu calculated by sulfur.
In some preferred embodiments, the heavy metal stabilizer is applied in an amount of 250-300 kg/mu when the soil pH is < 5.0; when the pH value of the soil is more than or equal to 5.0 and less than or equal to 6.0, the application amount of the heavy metal stabilizer is 150-250 kg/mu; when the pH of the soil is more than 6.0, the application amount of the heavy metal stabilizer is 100-150 kg/mu.
In some preferred embodiments, the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is added with water to prepare a solution with selenium content of 10-20 mg/L, and the solution is uniformly sprayed on rice leaf surfaces by adopting a manual or unmanned aerial vehicle, preferably hanging beads on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying can be carried out together with the pest and disease control and control work.
In some preferred embodiments, the heavy metal foliar inhibitor is applied in one or two of tillering stage, flowering stage, booting stage and grouting stage of rice.
In some preferred embodiments, the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is applied during booting and grouting periods of rice.
In some preferred embodiments, the heavy metal foliar resistance control agent is sprayed for a period of time before 10:00 a.m. or after 16:00 a.m., avoiding the sun from burning with high temperature, strong wind, raining, etc.
Example 1
The embodiment is implemented in the district planting of the paddy field with the standard exceeding mercury and cadmium, the pH value of soil of the paddy field to be tested is 5.1, and the heavy metal content is as follows: mercury 3.27mg/kg, cadmium 0.743mg/kg. The rice variety adopted is zhen you 1540.
The specific experimental design is as follows:
and (3) carrying out field cell tests, namely carrying out parallel treatment on 12 cells, wherein the cell numbers are shown in table 1, uniformly spraying a heavy metal curing agent and a heavy metal stabilizer on the surface of the soil of the paddy field, ploughing the soil, doping the soil into 15-20 cm of soil, and carrying out water diversion irrigation to keep the water content of the soil to be soaked to be more than 80%. And 3 days later, planting according to a conventional planting mode of the rice, spraying the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor for 1 time in the booting stage of the rice, spraying the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor for 1-2 times in the grouting stage, wherein the application amount of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is 2 g/mu in terms of selenium each time, adding water to prepare a solution with the selenium content of 20mg/L, and uniformly spraying the solution on the rice leaves by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle. Sampling during the harvesting period of rice, and detecting the mercury and cadmium content in brown rice. The detection results of mercury and cadmium content in the brown rice obtained by the types and the amounts of the heavy metal curing agent, the heavy metal stabilizer and the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor applied to each test cell and the control cell are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the mercury and cadmium contents in the rice of the experimental group are obviously reduced compared with those of the rice of the control group, and the maximum reduction can reach 72.6%.
Example 2
The embodiment is implemented in the district planting of the paddy field with the standard exceeding mercury and cadmium, the pH value of soil of the paddy field to be tested is 5.26, and the heavy metal content is as follows: mercury 0.84mg/kg and cadmium 0.71mg/kg. The rice variety adopted is daylily.
The specific experimental design is as follows:
and (3) carrying out field cell tests, namely carrying out parallel treatment on 12 cells, wherein the cell numbers are shown in table 2, uniformly spraying a heavy metal curing agent and a heavy metal stabilizer on the surface of the soil of the paddy field, ploughing the soil, doping the soil into 15-20 cm of soil, and carrying out water diversion irrigation to keep the water content of the soil to be soaked to be more than 80%. After 3 days, planting is carried out according to the conventional planting mode of the rice, the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is sprayed for 1 time in the booting stage of the rice, the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is sprayed for 0-2 times in the grouting stage, the application amount of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is calculated as selenium of 2 g/mu each time, water is added to prepare a solution with the selenium content of 10mg/L, and the solution is uniformly sprayed on the rice leaf surface by adopting manual spraying. Sampling during the harvesting period of rice, and detecting the mercury and cadmium content in brown rice. The detection results of mercury and cadmium content in the brown rice obtained by the types and the amounts of the heavy metal curing agent, the heavy metal stabilizer and the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor applied in each test cell and the control cell are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the mercury and cadmium contents in the rice of the experimental group are obviously reduced compared with those of the rice of the control group, and the maximum amplitude reduction can reach 75.9%.
Example 3
The embodiment is implemented in the district planting of the paddy field with the standard exceeding mercury and cadmium, the pH value of soil of the paddy field to be tested is 6.63, and the heavy metal content is as follows: 4.68mg/kg of mercury and 8.21mg/kg of cadmium. The rice variety adopted is zhen you 1540.
The specific experimental design is as follows:
and (3) carrying out field cell tests, namely carrying out parallel treatment on 12 cells, wherein the cell numbers are shown in table 3, uniformly spraying a heavy metal curing agent and a heavy metal stabilizer on the surface of the soil of the paddy field, ploughing the soil, doping the soil into 15-20 cm of soil, and carrying out water diversion irrigation to keep the water content of the soil to be soaked to be more than 80%. After 3 days, planting is carried out according to the conventional planting mode of the rice, the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is sprayed for 1 time in the booting stage of the rice, the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is sprayed for 1-2 times in the grouting stage, the application amount of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is calculated as selenium of 2 g/mu each time, water is added to prepare a solution with the selenium content of 10mg/L, and the solution is uniformly sprayed on the rice leaf surface by adopting manual spraying. Sampling during the harvesting period of rice, and detecting the mercury and cadmium content in brown rice. The detection results of mercury and cadmium content in the brown rice obtained by the types and the amounts of the heavy metal curing agent, the heavy metal stabilizer and the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor applied in each test cell and the control cell are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the mercury and cadmium contents in the rice of the experimental group are obviously reduced compared with those of the rice of the control group, and the maximum amplitude reduction can reach 68.6%.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
before rice transplanting, heavy metal curing agent and heavy metal stabilizer are applied during farmland tillage;
spraying a heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor for 1-3 times in the growing period of rice;
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the heavy metal curing agent is a sulfur-containing compound, and the application amount is 2-9 kg/mu calculated by sulfur;
the heavy metal stabilizer is a clay compound, and the application amount is 100-300 kg/mu;
the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is an organic selenium-cyanogen compound, and the application amount of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is 1-4 g/mu calculated by selenium each time.
2. The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal curing agent is one or more of sodium sulfide, ammonium sulfide, thiourea, sodium thiosulfate and sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate.
3. The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal stabilizer is one or more of montmorillonite, kaolin, alum, sepiolite, palygorskite or a modified substance thereof.
4. The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is one or more of potassium selenocyanoacetate, benzoselenocyano and selenocyanate.
5. The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice according to claim 1, wherein when the total content of mercury and cadmium in soil is less than 10mg/kg, the application amount of the heavy metal curing agent is 2-4.5 kg/mu calculated by sulfur; when the total content of mercury and cadmium in the soil is more than or equal to 10mg/kg, the application amount of the heavy metal curing agent is 4.5-9 kg/mu calculated by sulfur.
6. The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the heavy metal stabilizer is 250-300 kg/mu when the pH of soil is less than 5.0; when the pH value of the soil is more than or equal to 5.0 and less than or equal to 6.0, the application amount of the heavy metal stabilizer is 150-250 kg/mu; when the pH of the soil is more than 6.0, the application amount of the heavy metal stabilizer is 100-150 kg/mu.
7. The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is prepared into a solution with selenium content of 10-20 mg/L by adding water and is sprayed on rice leaf surfaces.
8. The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice according to claim 1, wherein the application period of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is one or two periods of tillering, flowering, booting and grouting of rice.
9. The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice according to claim 8, wherein the application period of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is booting period and grouting period of rice.
10. The method for reducing the content of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in rice according to claim 1, wherein the spraying time of the heavy metal leaf surface inhibitor is 10:00 a.m. or 16:00 a.m. after the spraying time.
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| CN117204288A (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2023-12-12 | 浙江大学 | Safety utilization method of mercury/cadmium combined pollution paddy field |
| CN117204288B (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2024-03-19 | 浙江大学 | Safety utilization method of mercury/cadmium combined pollution paddy field |
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