CN116446188A - 用于制备成品皮革替代品的方法 - Google Patents
用于制备成品皮革替代品的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116446188A CN116446188A CN202310079667.4A CN202310079667A CN116446188A CN 116446188 A CN116446188 A CN 116446188A CN 202310079667 A CN202310079667 A CN 202310079667A CN 116446188 A CN116446188 A CN 116446188A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- mycelium
- sheet
- sheet material
- fungal
- substitute
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41F—GARMENT FASTENINGS; SUSPENDERS
- A41F9/00—Belts, girdles, or waistbands for trousers or skirts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L99/00—Compositions of natural macromolecular compounds or of derivatives thereof not provided for in groups C08L89/00 - C08L97/00
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0011—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using non-woven fabrics
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于制备成品皮革替代品的方法,该方法包括提供由菌丝体生长的片材材料,该片材材料显示顶表面层和底表面,其中所述方法包括仅在底表面上施加至少一个整饰涂层。
Description
本发明涉及用于制备成品(finished,整饰的)皮革替代品的方法、可通过这种方法获得的成品皮革替代品及其用途。
发明背景
皮革被用于各种各样的应用中,包括家具装饰、服装、鞋、行李(luggage,箱包)、手提包和配件以及汽车应用。当前,动物的皮被用作天然皮革的原材料。已经开发了合成皮革,其不是像真皮那样由动物皮或兽皮(hide,生皮)制成,而是由涂覆有合成的聚合物或类似物的天然的和/或合成的纤维制成。尽管使用了许多材料,但大多数合成皮革由具有聚氨酯的针织聚酯基础物和聚氯乙烯涂层组成。这些微塑性、非可生物降解的基于塑料的产品的加工以及寿命和寿命的终止仍然远远不是环境友好的。此外,这种合成皮革缺乏天然皮革的品质、耐久性和声誉。
因此,当前的趋势趋向于使用非石油基的材料、尤其是植物来源的材料。基于真菌的材料、特别是菌丝体类型的那些材料是天然材料(无论是否是复合物),并且通过真菌材料的生长获得。它们的生长受到控制以获得各种各样的形状、尺寸、密度。从菌丝体获得的材料,例如在国际专利申请WO2018014004(Mycoworks)、US专利申请2015/0033620或US专利9,485,917(Ecovative Design)或国际专利申请WO2020237201(Bolt threads)中描述的那些使得可以制备可用作皮革的替代品的厚片材形式的材料。
然而,在它们可被用作皮革替代品之前,这些原材料需要经过处理,通常是稳定化和增塑以及使其变得高贵(ennobled)。使所述材料变得高贵可涉及将它着色、改变它的柔韧性、机械性质、密度以及在所述材料的表面上添加一些涂层或饰面(finishing,整饰)以改善颜色均匀性、防水性、光滑的触感。
发明内容
发明人已经意识到,整饰由菌丝体生长的材料的顶表面作为皮革替代品尚不完全令人满意。它们缺乏均匀性,顶表面上的一些区域更致密,或多或少的疏水,或多或少的多孔,这导致顶涂层(topcoat,面涂层)的粘附、着色以及表面的増塑和润滑不均匀。此外,本发明人已经证明,顶表面由于高的表面纤维密度和更疏水的性质而不让水溶液渗透。
然后,发明人作出了反直觉的决定,将整饰涂层(finish coating,修饰涂层)施加到底表面,并使用整饰的底表面作为皮革替代品的可见部分。换句话说,发明人翻转了材料并仅整饰了底表面。
因此,本发明提供用于制备成品皮革替代品的方法,该方法包括
a)提供由菌丝体从底部至顶部生长的片材材料,该片材材料显示在所述菌丝体的生长的意义上定义的顶表面层和底表面层;
b)使所述片材材料与包含润滑剂的水溶液接触;
c)将它干燥;
d)仅在所述底表面上施加至少一个整饰涂层。
饰面(整饰)可以以一个或多个涂层同时或先后地施加。
本发明的另一个主题是可通过如本文中限定的方法获得的成品皮革替代品。
本发明的又一个主题是成品皮革替代品在时尚、配件、家用电器和其他家具工业中作为皮革的替代品的用途。
附图说明
图1是显示菌丝体的生长的示意图,限定了顶表面和底表面,如国际专利申请WO2018014004(该附图从其复制)中所描述的。
图2是本发明的方法的示意图。顶层是与空气接触的面,且底层是在菌丝体生长期间最接近营养培养基的面。内部部分由菌丝体制成(A.左侧),但也可并入另一种材料如纺织品(B.右侧),从而确保整体的机械阻力。在加工、翻转和整饰材料后,所得成品制品的最终外部部分是起始菌丝体片材材料的下部部分。
图3A和图3B是顶表面(3A)和底表面(3B)的SEM照片(扫描电子显微镜)。
图4是如图2中描述的所得加工的菌丝体片材材料(底)的图片。
具体实施方式
菌丝体的生长
丝状真菌直接在它们消耗食物作为营养物的过程中的食物内将它们的身体生长为线状细胞的不断膨胀且相互连接的网(称为菌丝)。
丝状真菌具有将分枝的、菌落菌丝的较小的片连接在一起成为较大的组成整体的自然趋势,从而组装和编织称为菌丝体的组织的股(strand)和片材。
本发明中使用的菌丝体可源自任意期望的真菌接种物,即期望的真菌菌株的任意期望的可扩增菌落。例如,真菌物种可选自子囊菌纲(ascomycetes)、担子菌纲(basidiomycetes)、半知菌纲(deuteromycetes)、卵菌纲(oomycetes)和接合菌纲(zygomycetes),优选选自真菌界多孔菌目(Polyporales)灵芝菌科(Ganodermataceae),优选赤灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)、松杉灵芝(Ganoderma tsugae)、树舌灵芝(Ganodermaapplanatum)、无柄灵芝(Ganoderma resinaceum)、俄勒冈灵芝(Ganoderma oregonense)。其他候选物包括变色栓菌(Trametes versicolor)、绒毛栓菌(Trametes pubescens)、裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune)和宽鳞多孔菌(Polyporous squamosus)。
在优选的实施方案中,菌丝体是灵芝属(Ganoderma)菌丝体。
由菌丝体生长的片材材料可通过本领域中已知的任意方法获得,例如使用在专利申请WO2018014004(Mycoworks)中描述的方法。
如本文中所使用的,术语“片材”是指具有大致平坦或平面的形状以及表面积与厚度的高比例的固体材料的层。
在壳体(enclosure,包裹体)内或在被引入至壳体之前,可将第一真菌接种物引入到可包含离散颗粒和营养物的混合物如木质纤维素废物的有营养的基底(substrate,基材)中,以在整个范围内提供真菌的均匀分布。将基底留下以定殖。可在定殖基底的开放表面上建立中间层,以控制正在形成的真菌组织结构体与所述基底的相互作用。在特定的实例中,通常使用基于纤维素的材料,例如棉或人造丝(rayon),因为它们既是可生物降解的,又是灵芝属的非优选的食物来源,意味着它们在整个生长过程中以含木质素的材料不具有的方式保持强度。在基底顶上的均匀的中间材料的存在使得能够实现一致的表面(真菌组织可从其生长),从而支持真菌菌丝均匀扩展(expansion,膨胀)到环境中。活真菌菌丝从基底生长并通过中间层。参见图1。
在特定的实施方案中,可周期性地操纵真菌材料以便以赋予期望的特征(包括密度、均匀度和更高的强度)的方式引导生长。真菌材料的生长可以被引导,例如以预定的图案如正交结构、晶格和其他二维或三维结构。
真菌组织可在生长期间被修饰和引导以实现贯穿表面的均匀特征,或通过操纵生长组织或添加颗粒、纤维、网状物(meshes)、织物和其他添加剂、电枢(armatures)和部件而被工程化以呈现不同的局部品质。
中间层可从营养物来源(材料已经从营养物来源生长出来)脱层(delaminated)以终止材料的进一步生长,或真菌组织层可从中间层(其被留在原位并任选地再利用)脱层。
在特定的实施方案中,由菌丝体生长的片材材料已通过包括如下步骤的方法获得:
a.提供有营养的载体(vehicle,媒介);
b.从所述有营养的载体生长真菌组织,所述真菌组织包含真菌菌丝;
c.使真菌组织生长延伸通过限定中间层的多孔材料;
d.使所述真菌组织的一部分延伸通过多孔材料远离所述有营养的载体以生长到可管理的(administrable)空间中,其中在所述空间内的真菌组织限定至少一个依次的真菌材料层;
e.引导至少一个层中至少一种所述真菌菌丝的组成或生长模式(pattern,图案)的变化;
f.从所述有营养的载体分离真菌材料的至少一部分;和
g.通过物理或化学手段改变真菌材料的所述部分。
中间层通常不容易与所述真菌组织结合,并且提供均匀的初始生长条件,从而实现真菌组织的均匀生长。多孔材料优选地是微穿孔的或编织的。
在操纵生长的真菌组织以引导生长模式的变化之后,可将真菌材料拉离(pulloff)中间层,从而促进真菌材料的连续生长。
在另一个实施方案中,通过菌丝体的生长获得的材料可以是自支撑材料,如通过美国专利9,485,917(Ecovative Design)中描述的方法获得的材料。
在该方法中,使菌丝生长通过基底,基底的最终形状(net shape,净形状)由壳体的物理尺寸界定。
在下一步骤中,将基底(现被菌丝体网络紧密结合在一起)与壳体分离,并且当期望时分离任意内部壳体或元件(elements,要素)。
复合物材料
在特定的实施方案中,从菌丝体生长的片材材料还包含不是从菌丝体生长的另一种材料,任选地嵌入所述菌丝体内。
可将材料并入到生长的真菌组织中,同时真菌材料仍然存活,以引导生长和/或产生复合物材料。在一个实施方案中,将基于纤维素的、合成的或其他有机纤维(包括优选的长度和结构特征的各种纺织品形式(例如编织的、针织的、缩绒的(fulled)、毡制的))沉积在生长的真菌组织的暴露表面上,从而允许复合物材料的生长。复合物纤维的组成和组织使得真菌组织能够被工程化,增强了整体材料的机械性质包括拉伸强度和抗压强度。
在替代的实施方案中,可使真菌组织生长通过各种材料的2D和3D基质和物体以产生具有期望的特征和品质的复合物。这种添加的材料层可包含真菌细胞可生长通过的任意材料(孔径大于1微米)。可将这些层压(pressed)到生长的细胞的表面上或表面附近或以其他方式压印(impressed)到它的表面上,或放置在生长的真菌材料的两个或更多个层之间,以使这些增强物层然后被并入到真菌组织中。
不是由菌丝体生长的材料优选包括棉,丝,亚麻,聚酯,聚酰胺,羊毛,尼龙,纤维素,或任意再生的纤维素纤维(也称为“人造丝”),包括粘胶纤维,莫代尔(modal)和莱赛尔纤维(Tencell/Lenzing AG),或其任意组合。
顶表面层和底表面层
由菌丝体生长的片材材料通常不是均匀的,并且显示出结构极性,具有比底层更疏水的顶表面层。
顶表面层可被定义为与底表面层相比包含更多的真菌菌丝尖端和/或定义为在菌丝体生长期间与空气(或气体)接触的表面。
通常,在菌丝体从底部到顶部的生长的意义上定义顶表面层和底表面层。
顶表面层和底表面层表现出不同的结构性质。顶表面层与底表面层相比通常较不多孔且更加疏水。
因此,应当理解,由菌丝体生长的片材材料(在本发明中用作起始材料)不是通过包括将菌丝体破碎并转化成糊状物、任选地添加聚合物的方法获得或可获得的材料。这样的材料不会显示出具有比底层更疏水的顶表面层的结构极性。
润滑
本发明的方法包括使片材材料与包含润滑剂的水溶液接触的步骤b)。该步骤也称为润滑步骤或加脂(fatliquoring)步骤,因为它将油引入到材料中。
该接触步骤可包括用溶液浸泡材料,例如通过将其投入(plunging)滚筒(drum)、洗衣机、稳定的盆,或其他合适的处理手段。
在优选的实施方案中,包含润滑剂的水溶液含有加脂剂和乳化剂。
加脂剂通常可包括各种类型的油例如矿物油、合成油、基于动物和植物的油或其组合和混合物。基于动物脂肪的油可为例如鱼油、羊毛脂、蜂蜡或猪油。基于植物性脂肪的油可为例如蓖麻油、椰子油、棉油、橄榄油、菜籽油、亚麻籽油。例如,基于合成油的油可衍生自改性的或合成的脂肪酸或脂肪醇或改性的植物油或动物油。这些加脂剂优选通过硫酸化、亚硫酸化或形成所述油的磺酸而获得,以使它们在水中可溶或可乳化。
可使用本领域中众所周知的其他增塑剂和湿润剂,以使油的微液滴可渗透材料。各种加脂剂含有在水中的乳化油,伴随添加其他化合物如离子和非离子乳化剂、表面活性剂、皂和硫酸盐。
增塑(plasticizing,塑化)和稳定化
在优选的实施方案中,所述方法的步骤b)还包括使片材增塑和/或稳定化。增塑和稳定化的步骤可与润滑同时或先后地进行。
在优选的实施方案中,增塑和/或稳定化可通过使片材与至少一种多元醇和/或加脂剂(任选地与至少一种多元羧酸组合)接触来进行。
增塑剂的实例包括甘油及其酯、山梨糖醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、丙二醇、柠檬酸、油酸、油酸多元醇及其酯、环氧化甘油三酯植物油、蓖麻油、季戊四醇、脂肪酸酯、羧酸酯基增塑剂、偏苯三酸酯、己二酸酯(盐)、癸二酸酯(盐)、马来酸酯(盐)、生物增塑剂及其组合。
优选地,可使片材与甘油接触、优选地与柠檬酸组合(优选地在水中)。
可将所述试剂添加到滚筒中或投入材料的任意装置中。
按摩(massaging,揉捏)片材以完全穿透可能进一步是有利的。
鞣制和染色
在优选的实施方案中,所述方法的步骤b)还包括使片材材料与鞣质(tannins,单宁)接触,优选其中所述包含润滑剂的水溶液还包含鞣质。优选的鞣质是缩合鞣质、可水解鞣质和/或合成鞣质。
如本文中所使用的,术语“鞣质”通常是指与蛋白质结构体形成强键的任意分子。最常使用的鞣质类型是植物鞣质,即从树木和植物中提取的鞣质,以及铬鞣质如硫酸铬(III)。鞣质的其他实例包括改性的天然衍生的聚合物,生物聚合物和除铬以外的金属例如铝的盐,例如铝硅酸(铝硅酸钠、铝硅酸钾等)或alun。也可使用合成鞣质如通过磺化的芳族化合物和/或未磺化的芳族化合物与甲醛和/或脲的缩合获得的那些。
各种染料可被用于赋予片材材料颜色,如酸染料、直接染料、分散染料、硫染料、合成染料、活性染料(reactive dyes,反应染料)、颜料(例如氧化铁黑、二氧化钛和钴蓝)和天然染料。在一些实施方案中,在施加染料溶液之前,将材料浸没在碱性溶液中以促进染料吸收和渗透到材料中。在一些实施方案中,在施加染料溶液之前,将材料预浸泡在氯化铵、氢氧化铵和/或甲酸中,以促进染料吸收和渗透到材料中,优选地在通过降低pH来固定染料之前。
在一些实施方案中,可将鞣质添加至染料溶液。
在各种实施方案中,在添加染料之后或在添加染料期间添加增塑剂。在各种实施方案中,增塑剂可与染料溶液一起添加。
在各种实施方案中,可在施加染料溶液的同时使材料经历机械加工或搅动以促进染料吸收和渗透到材料中。
干燥
已用包含润滑剂的水溶液润湿且任选地经历用增塑剂和/或稳定剂、鞣质和/或染料的各种处理的片材材料然后通常可通过交联、通常通过在50-100℃、优选70-80℃下加热优选10至60分钟来固化。
然后,所述方法的干燥步骤c)涉及将材料在室温下或在通风的烘箱(在约20-40℃下)中或在制革厂干燥器通道中放置数天。
在优选的实施方案中,多元羧酸(例如柠檬酸)、多元醇(例如甘油)和菌丝体材料之间的聚合诱导表面的光滑外观的稳定化以及整个材料的强化。此外,它允许材料在干燥后保持柔软性(suppleness)。
整饰
本发明的方法包括在干燥的材料上施加至少一个整饰涂层的步骤d)。
整饰方法可使用表面涂覆技术如填补(padding)、喷涂或辊涂。优选地,通过辊涂进行该整饰涂层的沉积以铺设和压实菌丝体纤维,同时给表面加衬里。
也可使用机械方法如抛光、铲软(staking,铆固,刮软)和压花。
可施加一个或多个整饰涂层。
通常通过在干燥的片材上接触含有聚合物乳液、交联剂和任选地颜料和/或填料的水溶液来施加整饰涂层。在优选的实施方案中,施加数种溶液。
整饰涂层可包含至少一种单体和可能地至少一种催化剂,所述方法还包括使所述单体聚合的步骤。在另一个实施方案中,整饰涂层可包含至少一种聚合物、至少一种交联剂和可能地至少一种催化剂,并且所述方法还包括使所述聚合物交联的步骤。
在优选的实施方案中,施加称为底漆涂层的第一水性层以促进粘附。底漆可包含醇和聚合物的分散体。在底漆干燥后,施加后续涂层,其可含有数种树脂和交联剂的乳液。在该阶段,可在该混合物中添加着色剂、颜料或填料,以带来或调节最终材料(即成品皮革替代品)的颜色。例如,聚合物乳液可包含阴离子、阳离子或中性聚氨酯或丙烯酸酯在水性介质中和/或在阳离子或非离子阴离子表面活性剂的存在下和/或在醇有机溶剂的存在下的乳液。
最后,通常施加一个或多个称为顶涂层的层,以保护材料免受磨损和变色,以及为成品皮革替代品提供其最终的触觉和美观。它可包含聚合物、有机硅(silicone,硅酮)试剂和交联剂的混合物。
任选地,可添加交联剂例如聚碳二亚胺或多异氰酸酯或聚氮丙啶(polyaziridine,聚氮杂环丙烷)以使沉积层硬化并确保更好的机械阻力。
如果需要,可进行表面处理、纹理化或抛光步骤以赋予材料纹理或使表面平滑。
在特定的实施方案中,整饰步骤d)可包括并入天然来源的填料如微晶纤维素或纤维素纳米原纤维(nanofibril)和/或研磨的贝壳。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,整饰步骤d)包括施加天然聚合物(例如酪蛋白、白蛋白或其他蛋白质)或合成聚合物(例如聚氨酯和聚丙烯酸酯)的乳液。
通常,24小时的时间对于整饰以稳定和干燥是有利的,然后进行下一步骤。
成品皮革替代品
可通过本文中描述的方法获得的产品是成品皮革替代品。它可在时尚、配件、家用电器和其他家具工业中用作皮革的替代品。
它尤其可用于制备包、鞋、表带、皮带或钱包(wallets,皮夹)。
附图和实施例说明了本发明而不限制它的范围。
实施例
如国际专利申请WO2018014004(Mycoworks)中所描述的获得菌丝体片材材料。
图3A和3B分别是顶表面和底表面的SEM图像,显示了结构和孔隙率方面的差异。顶表面较不多孔,并且菌丝体菌丝被压实和融合,而底表面更加多孔且较不致密。在接触角测角仪装置上测量水滴的吸收时间。顶面和底面的水滴吸收时间分别为27秒和1.5秒,而在t=0秒时顶面和底面的接触角分别为73°和43°。这些结果证实了底面与顶面相比更容易渗透水和更高的亲水性。
然后使菌丝体片材经历如下处理,也如图2所示:
-浸泡:首先在室温、静态条件下将菌丝体片材浸泡在水基溶液中。
-稳定化/润滑:然后通过在酸性条件下固定之前使用包含水、甘油、植物鞣剂、加脂剂、染料的混合物的40至60℃的浴在滚筒中使材料稳定。
-増塑:通过在水中添加甘油和柠檬酸并在室温下按摩以实现该混合物的完全和均匀渗透来使材料增塑。
-干燥:然后通过在50至80℃下加热5至120分钟来使材料交联,并最终在25℃至40℃下干燥。
-整饰:然后仅在底表面层上施加整饰涂层,方式是通过喷涂含有包含如下的聚合物乳液的各种水溶液:水、填充剂(胶体树脂)、聚合物和蜡乳液,以及包含油的软化剂和包含润湿剂的渗透溶液。
成品(参见图4)显示出作为皮革替代品的优异性质,尤其是在耐磨性和耐弯曲性方面。此外,它不受天气变化或紫外线的影响。
Claims (10)
1.用于制备成品皮革替代品的方法,该方法包括:
a)提供由菌丝体从底部至顶部生长的片材材料,该片材材料显示在所述菌丝体的生长的意义上定义的顶表面层和底表面层;
b)使所述片材材料与包含润滑剂的水溶液接触;
c)将它干燥;
d)仅在所述底表面上施加至少一个整饰涂层。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中通过在干燥的片材的底表面上接触例如喷涂含有聚合物乳液以及任选地颜料和/或填料的水溶液来施加整饰涂层。
3.权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中步骤b)还包括使片材材料与鞣质接触,优选其中所述包含润滑剂的水溶液还包含鞣质。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤b)还包括使片材增塑和/或稳定化,优选通过使已被优选鞣制的片材,与至少一种多元醇和/或加脂剂、任选地与至少一种多元羧酸组合,接触来进行。
5.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述整饰涂层包含至少一种单体和至少一种催化剂,并且其中所述方法还包括使所述单体聚合的步骤。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述整饰涂层包含至少一种聚合物、至少一种交联剂和至少一种催化剂,并且其中所述方法还包括使所述聚合物交联的步骤。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述菌丝体是灵芝属(Ganoderma)菌丝体。
8.可通过如权利要求1至7中任一项所定义的方法获得的成品皮革替代品。
9.权利要求8所述的成品皮革替代品在时尚、配件、家用电器和其他家具工业中作为皮革的替代品的用途。
10.权利要求9所述的用途,用于制备包、鞋、表带、皮带或钱包。
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