CN116445843A - Repairing method for damage-free broken bronze relics - Google Patents
Repairing method for damage-free broken bronze relics Download PDFInfo
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- CN116445843A CN116445843A CN202310222480.5A CN202310222480A CN116445843A CN 116445843 A CN116445843 A CN 116445843A CN 202310222480 A CN202310222480 A CN 202310222480A CN 116445843 A CN116445843 A CN 116445843A
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- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910015136 FeMn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for repairing a damaged broken bronze relic without damage, which comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing spraying raw materials to obtain spraying powder; secondly, removing greasy dirt and rust on the surface of the bronze relic, expanding a groove at a part to be repaired, filling the bottom of the groove, and covering the bronze relic substrate near the groove; thirdly, depositing the spraying powder on the part to be repaired of the bronze relic in a solid state under the carrying effect of the preheated high-speed air flow; and finally, polishing, coloring and distressing the surface of the treated repair area. The repairing method provided by the invention is simple to operate, high in repairing efficiency, free of obvious thermal influence on the bronze relic matrix, and convenient for subsequent distressing and other treatments, and the chemical components and the tissue structure of the repairing layer can be kept consistent with those of the raw materials. The method has no pollution to the environment basically, the powder sprayed and splashed can be recycled, and the method is environment-friendly and has wide popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bronze ware repair, and particularly relates to a method for repairing damaged broken bronze ware cultural relics without damage.
Background
The Chinese is a ancient Chinese with four civilizations, and has a history culture of five thousand years. With continued archaeological excavation, a large number of bronze tools are unearthed. Bronze utensil is an important component of cultural heritage in China, and is made by adopting ancient traditional metal forging process, and its main alloy components are metal elements of Cu, sn, pb, etc. Because the bronze ware is buried in the soil deeply for a long time, the bronze ware after the soil emergence mostly has fracture damage of different degrees, and the bronze ware needs to be repaired to restore the original appearance.
The repair of bronze ware generally comprises the steps of cleaning and removing rust, incomplete repair, distressing, corrosion inhibition, sealing and protecting, and the like, and the incomplete repair of broken and damaged parts is generally carried out by adopting a welding and bonding mode. The welding mainly adopts brazing and soldering, and has the defects of large heat affected zone, low welding strength and easy cracking in the repairing process. The bonding is mainly performed by adopting glue bonding, and the adhesive can age and cannot be avoided as time passes, so that the repairing part of the broken and damaged part ages and cracks. Therefore, the above two repairing methods can both lead to repeated repairing of bronze relics, and repeated repairing can cause damage to the relics, and finally the bronze relics can possibly not be repaired or even scrapped, the cultural information of the bronze relics is lost, and the irrecoverable cultural loss is caused.
At present, means such as laser welding, laser cladding, self-propagating welding and the like are mainly adopted for repairing broken bronze relics, for example, the patent with the invention name of 'repairing method for broken bronze relics' (publication No. CN 1431078A) proposes a heat conduction welding method and a deep-melting welding method, and laser beams are directly radiated to broken parts of the bronze relics to interact with bronze materials to enable the broken parts to realize welding at two ends. And then polishing, old working, coloring and the like are carried out on the bronze ware subjected to laser welding according to the repairing requirement, so that the repairing purpose is achieved. The patent with the name of 'repairing method of defective bronze relics' (publication No. CN 1451510A) irradiates a high-power laser beam to the defective position of the bronze relics to be repaired, simultaneously feeds metal powder into a laser melting pool, and under the action of laser energy, the bronze powder in the laser melting pool is melted to fill the defective position of the bronze relics, and forms a coating repairing layer after cooling. The invention relates to a method for repairing broken and defective bronze relics, which is mainly aimed at repairing broken and defective bronze relics, and mainly aims at repairing broken and defective bronze relics by adopting the method.
At present, the cultural relics repaired by adopting the laser welding and laser cladding technology are thin-wall parts, the weld gaps are narrow, the complete repair of the cultural relics with large weld gaps and defect positions is difficult, and the technology needs to convey bronze cultural relics into a laboratory, and the technology has the advantages of low repair efficiency, poor adaptability and complex operation. The self-propagating welding technology is adopted, and although an external power supply or a heat source is not needed, the exothermic reaction of the materials can be directly utilized to generate a welding solution to realize welding repair on site, the exothermic reaction is rapid, a temperature gradient is generated, the uneven structure components at the welding seam are easy to cause, and the manufacturing cost of a welding die is high. More importantly, the repair means has extremely high heat in the repair process, and the repair materials are in a molten state, so that the heat influence can be generated on the bronze relic matrix, and irreversible damages such as oxidation, sintering, phase change and the like of the matrix and the repair materials are caused.
Based on the method, a brand new repairing method suitable for bronze relics is provided, so that irreversible damages of oxidation, sintering, phase change and the like on bronze relics matrixes caused by the traditional repairing method are effectively avoided, the method has important significance on cultural relics preservation and cultural inheritance, and the method is also a technical problem to be solved by researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the repairing method which is simple to operate, high in repairing efficiency, free of influence on broken or damaged bronze relics and capable of being implemented in situ.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the method for repairing the damaged broken bronze relics without damage comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing spraying raw materials according to components of a bronze relic to be repaired, and mixing the spraying raw materials to obtain spraying powder;
s2, removing greasy dirt and rust on the surface of the bronze relic, expanding a groove on a to-be-repaired part of the bronze relic, filling the bottom of the groove, and covering a bronze substrate part near the groove;
s3, depositing the spraying powder on a part to be repaired of the bronze relic in a solid state under the carrying effect of preheated high-speed air flow; in the deposition, the air pressure of the air flow is 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the preheating temperature of the air flow is 200-400 ℃;
and S4, polishing, coloring and distressing the surface of the repaired area of the bronze relic processed in the step S3 to obtain the repaired bronze relic.
In the general technical scheme provided by the invention, firstly, spraying powder is configured, and the bronze relics to be repaired are preprocessed, wherein a groove is enlarged, the bottom of the groove is filled so that the later spraying powder is deposited in a region to be repaired, and the substrate near the groove is covered, so that other defect-free parts can be prevented from being damaged in the repair process; secondly, a proper mode is searched for to cover spraying powder on a part to be repaired of the bronze relic, the inventor fully considers the specificity and the damage-free repairing requirement of the bronze relic, and a repairing method for depositing the spraying powder on the part to be repaired in a solid state under the carrying of preheated high-speed air flow is determined through a great deal of research and exploration, the air pressure and the air flow temperature in the deposition process are controlled, the air heating temperature is kept below the melting point of spraying powder ions, the spraying powder particles are always in a solid state in the deposition process, and the problems of oxidation, phase change, residual stress, grain growth and the like of oxidation sensitive metals (such as Cu, al, zn and the like) in the traditional thermal surface engineering technology can be greatly avoided; and finally, carrying out post-treatment on the sprayed repair area, thus finishing the nondestructive repair of the bronze relics.
Further, in the step S1, the bronze relics to be repaired include broken and/or damaged bronze relics. According to the components of the bronze relics to be repaired, the spraying raw materials are configured, so that the components of the spraying powder are as close as possible to the bronze relics, the consistency of the weld joint performance and the base material performance can be ensured, and the repair area is not easy to corrode and break.
Further, in the step S1, the spraying raw materials include, by mass: 80 to 95wt.% of Cu powder, 2 to 15wt.% of Sn powder, 1 to 3wt.% of Pb powder, 0.5 to 3.5wt.% of low-carbon ferromanganese FeMn powder and 0.5 to 2wt.% of S70 cast steel powder. The spraying raw materials are mixed in a mechanical mixer to obtain spraying powder. In the invention, 0.5 to 3.5wt.% of low-carbon ferromanganese powder FeMn is added into the spraying raw material to ensure the strength and corrosion resistance of the repairing layer, and 0.5 to 2wt.% of S70 cast steel powder is added to play a role in shot peening strengthening, thereby being convenient for improving the deposition efficiency and increasing the binding force between interfaces.
Furthermore, in the spray raw materials, cu powder, sn powder, pb powder, low-carbon ferromanganese FeMn powder and S70 cast steel powder are spherical, and the purity is 99.9%.
Further, in the spray material, the particle size of the S70 cast steel powder is 120-250 μm, and the particle sizes of other powders are 15-25 μm. Preferably, in the spray material, the particle size of the S70 cast steel powder is 180 μm, and the particle sizes of the other powders are 20 μm.
Further, in the step S2, oil stains and rust on the surface of the bronze relics are removed by adopting sand blasting, the sand blasting pressure is 0.4-0.6 MPa, the sand blasting time is 5-20S, and the number of sand shots for sand blasting is 50-200 meshes. The arrangement mainly considers that bronze alloy is softer, the sand blasting pressure is not too high, the time is not too long, otherwise, the matrix to be repaired is easy to damage.
In step S2, the groove shape for the groove treatment is selected from one of a V-groove and an X-groove, and the groove treatment may be performed by using a mechanical device such as a grinding wheel. In general, the groove shape may be V-shaped, X-shaped, I-shaped, Y-shaped, single U-shaped, or double U-shaped. In the invention, a V-shaped groove is adopted for repairing the broken bronze ware, and an X-shaped groove is adopted for repairing the broken bronze ware. Different groove shapes are adopted for different damage types, so that damage to the bronze ware in the repairing process can be reduced as much as possible, and meanwhile, the deposition process of the later-stage spraying powder in the area to be repaired is facilitated. In the deposition process, the more vertical the included angle between the spray gun and the side wall of the groove is, the better the effect is, the damage of the I-shaped groove to the bronze ware is larger, the lower part of the Y-shaped groove cannot be repaired, and the included angle between the side wall of the single U-shaped groove or the double U-shaped groove and the spray gun cannot be ensured. In the invention, through multiple experiments, it is determined that the base angles of the V-shaped and X-shaped grooves are preferably 30-60 degrees, if the base angles are too small, the included angle between the side wall of the side wall groove and the spray gun is difficult to ensure, if the base angles are too large, the damage to the bronze ware is large, the repairing volume is large, and the repairing time is prolonged.
Further, in the step S2, the method of filling includes: and filling the bottom of the groove by adopting cement slurry. In the present invention, the use of cement slurry has the following advantages: (1) facilitating repair operations; (2) saving precious metal powder repair material; (3) The subsequent spray powder can be deposited directly on the cement and form an interface with sufficient bonding force, which is not achieved by conventional welding or laser repair techniques.
Preferably, in the step S2, the distance between the upper surface of the groove bottom filled with cement slurry and the surface of the bronze ware is 2-8 mm.
Further, in the step S2, the method of covering includes: the mixture of silicone oil and graphite powder is brushed on the bronze ware base material part near the groove. Preferably, the mass ratio of silicone oil to graphite powder in the mixture is 1:1. The mixture used for the masking treatment protects the bronze matrix during the deposition process and automatically drops off after the deposition of the spray powder.
Further, the deposition process of step S3 involves the following main devices: the device comprises a spray gun, a powder feeder, a gas heating device, a high-pressure gas source and other auxiliary equipment. In the deposition process, the spray powder is firstly sent into a spray gun through a powder feeder, heated high-pressure gas carries spray powder ions through a Laval pipe, and particles of the spray powder are accelerated from a sound velocity to a supersonic velocity in the carrying process, so that a two-phase flow of gas-powder particle mixing is formed. The spray powder particles strike the workpiece surface at a supersonic high velocity and in a fully solid state under the accelerating effect of the preheated high velocity gas stream, during which the particles and the substrate surface are strongly plastically deformed to bond together to form a coating. In order to further reduce the damage to the bronze relic matrix in the deposition process of the spraying powder and improve the bonding performance of the coating, the invention optimizes the parameters of the deposition process, preferably argon is used as working gas, the gas pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa, the gas preheating temperature is 200-400 ℃, the distance between the cold nozzle and the substrate is controlled to be 8-10 mm, and the moving speed is 4-6 mm/s.
Furthermore, in the repairing method provided by the invention, the filling depth of the cement slurry in the step S2 and the deposition thickness of the spraying powder in the step S3 are adjusted according to the surface thickness of the broken and damaged bronze relics.
In the existing repair technology, the maximum welding thickness of the laser welding is 10mm due to limited heat, and the maximum thickness of the laser cladding is only 3-5 mm, so that secondary cracking is easy to occur if the maximum thickness is exceeded. According to the repairing method provided by the invention, the spraying powder is deposited in a solid state in the area to be repaired, so that the repair of the broken or damaged part with the thickness of 20-30 mm can be realized, the repairing process has no obvious thermal influence on the repairing matrix, and irreversible damages such as oxidization, sintering, phase change and the like of the bronze relic matrix are avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The repairing method for the damaged broken bronze relics provided by the invention has the advantages that the spraying powder is carried by high-temperature high-pressure gas and is deposited on the part to be repaired in a solid state, the formed repairing area has compact structure, high bonding strength and the like, particularly, the problems of oxidation, component burning, phase change, residual stress, grain growth and the like of oxidation sensitive metals (such as Cu, al, zn and the like) in the traditional thermal surface engineering technology are effectively avoided, no obvious thermal influence is caused on a repairing matrix, and the bronze relics matrix is ensured not to be damaged in the repairing process.
(2) According to the method for repairing the damaged broken bronze relics without damage, disclosed by the invention, the cast steel powder added into the spray powder can play a role in shot peening strengthening, so that the deposition efficiency is improved conveniently, and the interface bonding is increased; in the spraying process, the nondestructive positions on the surface of the bronze ware are covered, so that other nondefective positions can be prevented from being damaged in the repairing process. The chemical components and the tissue structure of the bronze relics repaired by the repairing method provided by the invention can be kept consistent with the raw materials, and the subsequent distressing and other treatments are facilitated.
(3) The method for repairing the damaged broken bronze relics without damage is simple and safe to operate, and staff in a museum can be mastered by training slightly, and special requirements such as a welding work card are not needed; the repair process does not need to prepare various dies and the like, so that the repair efficiency is high; the repairing method can be operated in situ, and the bronze ware inconvenient to move does not need to be transported to a fixed workshop for repairing; in addition, the repairing method has no pollution to the environment basically, and the sprayed and splashed powder can be recycled, so that the repairing method is an environment-friendly repairing method and has wide popularization and application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for repairing a damaged broken bronze relic without damage;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a V-groove according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention will be further illustrated, but is not limited, by the following examples.
The main parameters involved in the repair methods employed in examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Example 1
The bronze ware cultural relics to be repaired are knife handles with complicated shapes, wherein the surface of the knife handles is partially defective and not broken.
Step 1: according to the components of the bronze relics to be repaired, preparing spraying raw materials (85 wt.% of Cu powder, 10wt.% of Sn powder, 2wt.% of Pb powder, 2wt.% of low-carbon ferromanganese FeMn powder and 1wt.% of S70 cast steel powder), and mixing in a mechanical mixer to obtain spraying powder;
step 2: pretreating the area to be repaired of the bronze ware, removing oil stains and rust on the surface, and performing shot blasting, wherein the parameters of the shot blasting are as follows: the sand blasting pressure is 0.5MPa, the sand blasting time is 10s, and the number of sand balls for sand blasting is 100 meshes. Performing groove expansion treatment (adopting a V-shaped groove with a base angle of 45 degrees) on a part to be repaired of a bronze relic, filling the bottom of the groove with cement slurry, and enabling the distance between the filled upper surface and the bronze relic to be 6mm; brushing a mixture formed by silicone oil and graphite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1 on the base material part of the bronze ware near the groove so as to realize covering treatment on the base material part of the bronze ware near the groove;
step 3: fixing the bronze ware to be repaired on a clamp, loading spraying powder into a powder feeder, and enabling the spraying powder to be deposited on the bronze ware relic to be repaired in a solid state under the carrying effect of preheated high-speed air flow; in the deposition, argon gas flow is adopted, the air pressure of the air flow is 0.4MPa, and the preheating temperature of the air flow is 300 ℃; the distance between the nozzle and the substrate to be repaired was 9mm and the moving speed was 5mm/s.
Step 4: and (3) carrying out post-treatment on the bronze relics treated in the step (3), polishing, coloring and distressing the surface of the repaired area, and obtaining the repaired bronze relics.
The bronze ware relic defect part repaired by the method realizes effective filling, and the filling part has no defects such as air holes, cracks and the like, and has good repairing effect.
Example 2
The bronze relics to be repaired are round coins with broken middles.
Step 1: according to the components of the bronze relics to be repaired, preparing spraying raw materials (93 wt.% of Cu powder, 2wt.% of Sn powder, 1wt.% of Pb powder, 3.5wt.% of low-carbon ferromanganese FeMn powder and 0.5wt.% of S70 cast steel powder), and mixing in a mechanical mixer to obtain spraying powder;
step 2: pretreating the area to be repaired of the bronze ware, removing oil stains and rust on the surface, and performing shot blasting, wherein the parameters of the shot blasting are as follows: the sand blasting pressure is 0.4MPa, the sand blasting time is 20s, and the number of sand balls for sand blasting is 100 meshes. Performing groove expansion treatment (adopting a V-shaped groove with a base angle of 60 degrees) on a part to be repaired of a bronze relic, filling the bottom of the groove with cement slurry, and enabling the distance between the filled upper surface and the bronze relic to be 4mm; brushing a mixture formed by silicone oil and graphite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1 on the base material part of the bronze ware near the groove so as to realize covering treatment on the base material part of the bronze ware near the groove;
step 3: fixing the bronze ware to be repaired on a clamp, loading spraying powder into a powder feeder, and enabling the spraying powder to be deposited on the bronze ware relic to be repaired in a solid state under the carrying effect of preheated high-speed air flow; in the deposition, argon gas flow is adopted, the air pressure of the air flow is 0.5MPa, and the preheating temperature of the air flow is 300 ℃; the distance between the nozzle and the substrate to be repaired was 10mm and the moving speed was 6mm/s.
Step 4: and (3) carrying out post-treatment on the bronze relics treated in the step (3), polishing, coloring and distressing the surface of the repaired area, and obtaining the repaired bronze relics.
The bronze ware relic defect part repaired by the method realizes effective filling, and the filling part has no defects such as air holes, cracks and the like, and has good repairing effect.
Example 3
The bronze relics to be repaired are vessels with complex shapes and local cracks.
Step 1: according to the components of the bronze relics to be repaired, preparing spraying raw materials (90 wt.% of Cu powder, 5wt.% of Sn powder, 3wt.% of Pb powder, 0.5wt.% of low-carbon ferromanganese FeMn powder and 1.5wt.% of S70 cast steel powder), and mixing in a mechanical mixer to obtain spraying powder;
step 2: pretreating the area to be repaired of the bronze ware, removing oil stains and rust on the surface, and performing shot blasting, wherein the parameters of the shot blasting are as follows: the sand blasting pressure is 0.6MPa, the sand blasting time is 5s, and the number of sand balls for sand blasting is 100 meshes. Performing groove expansion treatment (adopting an X-shaped groove with a base angle of 30 degrees) on a part to be repaired of a bronze relic, filling the bottom of the groove with cement slurry, and enabling the distance between the filled upper surface and the bronze relic to be 8mm; brushing a mixture formed by silicone oil and graphite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1 on the base material part of the bronze ware near the groove so as to realize covering treatment on the base material part of the bronze ware near the groove;
step 3: fixing the bronze ware to be repaired on a clamp, loading spraying powder into a powder feeder, and enabling the spraying powder to be deposited on the bronze ware relic to be repaired in a solid state under the carrying effect of preheated high-speed air flow; in the deposition, argon gas flow is adopted, the air pressure of the air flow is 0.3MPa, and the preheating temperature of the air flow is 400 ℃; the distance between the nozzle and the substrate to be repaired was 8mm and the moving speed was 4mm/s.
Step 4: and (3) carrying out post-treatment on the bronze relics treated in the step (3), polishing, coloring and distressing the surface of the repaired area, and obtaining the repaired bronze relics.
The bronze ware relic defect part repaired by the method realizes effective filling, and the filling part has no defects such as air holes, cracks and the like, and has good repairing effect.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the embodiments and scope of the present invention, and it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that equivalent substitutions and obvious variations may be made using the teachings of the present invention, which are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for repairing a damaged broken bronze relic without damage comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing spraying raw materials according to components of a bronze relic to be repaired, and mixing the spraying raw materials to obtain spraying powder;
s2, removing greasy dirt and rust on the surface of the bronze relic, expanding a groove on a to-be-repaired part of the bronze relic, filling the bottom of the groove, and covering a bronze substrate part near the groove;
s3, depositing the spraying powder on a part to be repaired of the bronze relic in a solid state under the carrying effect of preheated high-speed air flow; in the deposition, the air pressure of the air flow is 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the preheating temperature of the air flow is 200-400 ℃;
and S4, polishing, coloring and distressing the surface of the repaired area of the bronze relic processed in the step S3 to obtain the repaired bronze relic.
2. The repair method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the bronze relics to be repaired comprise broken and/or damaged bronze relics.
3. The repairing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the spray raw materials include, in mass percent: 80 to 95wt.% of Cu powder, 2 to 15wt.% of Sn powder, 1 to 3wt.% of Pb powder and 0.5 to 3.5% of low-carbon ferromanganese FeMn powder 、 0.5 to 2wt.% of S70 cast steel powder.
4. A repair method according to claim 3, wherein each of the powders in the spray feedstock is spherical and has a purity of 99.9%.
5. The repairing method according to claim 4, wherein the particle size of the S70 cast steel powder in the spray material is 120 to 250 μm and the particle sizes of the other powders are 15 to 25. Mu.m.
6. The repairing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, oil stains and rust on the surface of the bronze relics are removed by sand blasting, the sand blasting pressure is 0.4-0.6 MPa, the sand blasting time is 5-20S, and the number of sand blasting pellets is 50-200 mesh.
7. The repair method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the groove shape of the groove treatment is selected from one of a V-groove and an X-groove.
8. The repairing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the filling processing method comprises: and filling the bottom of the groove by adopting cement slurry.
9. The repairing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the masking processing method includes: the mixture of silicone oil and graphite powder is brushed on the bronze ware base material part near the groove.
10. The repairing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the gas flow is an argon gas flow, the distance between the nozzle and the substrate is 8-10 mm, and the moving speed is 4-6 mm/S.
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| CN202310222480.5A CN116445843A (en) | 2023-03-08 | 2023-03-08 | Repairing method for damage-free broken bronze relics |
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| CN202310222480.5A CN116445843A (en) | 2023-03-08 | 2023-03-08 | Repairing method for damage-free broken bronze relics |
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