CN116442598A - 一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN116442598A
CN116442598A CN202310448870.4A CN202310448870A CN116442598A CN 116442598 A CN116442598 A CN 116442598A CN 202310448870 A CN202310448870 A CN 202310448870A CN 116442598 A CN116442598 A CN 116442598A
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李春福
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Yunnan Bupi Industrial Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及汽车脚垫技术领域,具体为一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫,包括以下工艺:步骤1、水性聚氨酯、苯乙烯‑丙烯酰胺乳液、乳化剂,混合,作为成膜剂,加入交联剂和流平剂,得到涂料;涂布于皮革的表面,干燥,得到表面涂层;步骤2、脚垫的制备:取底布,依次叠加缓冲层和皮革复合,得到脚垫。本发明中的成膜剂具有大量极性基团,分子间、与皮革间易形成氢键,提高了所制表面涂层的致密度,和其在皮革上的粘合能力;通过组分2,2'‑二烯丙基‑4,4'‑双酚、六氟丙烯三聚体、5‑降冰片烯‑2‑羧酸、聚甲基氢硅氧烷、烯丙醇制备得到降冰片烯二醇,引入水性聚氨酯中,提高了硬度和疏水性,改善了所制脚垫的防污和耐磨性能。

Description

一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车脚垫技术领域,具体为一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫及其制备工艺。
背景技术
作为汽车内饰的重要组成部分,汽车脚垫将汽车驾驶员和乘客的脚踏处覆盖,将人与汽车内部框架阻隔,从而保持汽车内部整洁与表面完整,并能够提高汽车内部的美观度。随着社会的发展和科技水平的日益进步,人们对汽车脚垫的功能性提出了更高的要求。现有的一些汽车脚垫虽具备一定的防污功能,但其防污能力会随着摩擦次数的增加而逐渐丧失。因此,我们提出一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫及其制备工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫及其制备工艺,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤1、表面涂层的制备:
取水性聚氨酯、苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液置于反应器中,加入乳化剂,于45~55℃温度下搅拌50~70min,得到共混乳液,作为成膜剂,加入交联剂和流平剂,充分搅拌均匀,得到涂料;
将涂料涂布于皮革的表面,干燥,得到表面涂层;
步骤2、脚垫的制备:
取底布,在其上表面依次叠加缓冲层和皮革,胶粘复合,得到脚垫。
进一步的,所述涂料包括以下质量组分:90~97份成膜剂、1.5~2.0份交联剂、0.01~0.02份流平剂、2.0~4.0份乳化剂;
水性聚氨酯与苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液的质量比为100:(17.6~27.5);
乳化剂选择OP-10,来源于深圳市伯顺化工有限公司;
交联剂选择环氧固化剂R-2257,来源于山东品尚新材料有限公司;
流平剂选择630,来源于江西三越高分子材料有限公司。
进一步的,所述皮革为PVC人造革,厚度为0.5~1.0mm,来源于杭州商泉皮革有限公司。
进一步的,所述缓冲层为软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,厚度为5.0~8.0mm,克重为200~300g/m³,来源于广州鸿程塑化有限公司。
进一步的,所述底布为涤纶针刺布,厚度为1.0~3.0mm,克重为80~160g/m³,来源于东莞市智成纤维制品有限公司。
进一步的,所述表面涂层的厚度为120~150μm。
进一步的,水性聚氨酯由以下工艺制得:
(1)降冰片烯二醇的制备:
在氮气气氛保护下,取2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚、碳酸钾,于50~60℃四氢呋喃中混合,缓慢加入六氟丙烯三聚体,1h内加完,反应4~5h;抽滤,冷却至室温,萃取,得到含氟苯酚单体;
在氮气气氛保护下,将5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸、含氟苯酚单体,于二氯甲烷中混合,0~5℃温度条件下,加入1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),反应30~50min;恢复室温,继续反应24h;加入饱和氯化铵溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,过柱,得到降冰片烯基含氟单体;
取降冰片烯基含氟单体、甲苯、卡斯特催化剂混合,在氮气气氛保护下,升温至90~110℃,缓慢加入聚甲基氢硅氧烷,反应24h;加入烯丙醇,继续反应4~6h;旋蒸,得到降冰片烯二醇;
(2)水性聚氨酯的制备:
取异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚丙二醇、降冰片烯二醇混合,在氮气氛围中,升温至85~95℃,反应2~3h;将体系温度降至60~70℃,加入1,4-丁二醇,于75~85℃体系温度下反应2~3h;降温至37~43℃,加入缩水甘油,于65~75℃体系温度下继续反应80~120min;冷却至12~20℃,加入三乙胺调节体系pH至7.5,中和反应27~35min;加入去离子水,剪切乳化25~35min,得到水性聚氨酯。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚、六氟丙烯三聚体、碳酸钾的质量比为10:(18.6~23.5):(10.0~12.5);
2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚、四氢呋喃的比例为25g/100mL。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸、含氟苯酚单体、1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐、4-二甲氨基吡啶的质量比为10:(45.9~50.4):(19.8~21.8):(1.9~2.1);
5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸、二氯甲烷的比例为6g/100mL。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,降冰片烯基含氟单体、 聚甲基氢硅氧烷、烯丙醇、卡斯特催化剂的质量比为10:(8.2~8.9):(1.5~1.6):(0.21~0.22);
降冰片烯基含氟单体、甲苯的比例为1g/mL;
聚甲基氢硅氧烷,含氢量为0.3%,来源于金锦乐化学有限公司。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,水性聚氨酯包括以下质量组分:10~15份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1.5~3.0份聚丙二醇、1.5~3.0份降冰片烯二醇、2.5~7.5份1,4-丁二醇、0.8~1.2份缩水甘油;
水性聚氨酯的固含量为30%;
聚丙二醇选择PPG800,来源于南通辰润化工有限公司。
在上述技术方案中,2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚与六氟丙烯三聚体反应,通过苯酚基团与氟基,在得到的产物(含氟苯酚单体)中引入氟元素;通过2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚与六氟丙烯三聚体间质量比,使得所制含氟苯酚单体中仍然保留有苯酚基团,与5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸中的羧基反应,得到降冰片烯基含氟单体;其分子结构中含有碳碳双键,能够与聚甲基氢硅氧烷中的氢发生加成反应,将有机硅引入体系中,并利用聚甲基氢硅氧烷中未反应的氢,与烯丙醇加成,在所制降冰片烯二醇体系中引入羟基。制得的降冰片烯二醇作为二元醇,将氟元素引入水性聚氨酯体系中,含氟链段在涂层的干燥、固化过程中,向表面迁移,最终在皮革的表面富集,降低了所制表面涂层的表面能,有效提高了所制表面涂层的疏水性和致密性,能够改善所制脚垫的防水防油性能;将降冰片烯的刚性结构引入水性聚氨酯体系中,能够提高水性聚氨酯的热稳定性和硬度,降低涂料的表面张力,提高所制表面涂层的力学性能和耐热性能,与外界的接触点变形减少,使得所制表面涂层的耐磨性能得到提高;通过物料配比的通知,体系中仍存在双键,能够与其中的氨基甲酸酯基、羟基和氨基等活性基团发生氢键作用,使得体系中的分子间交联程度增加,进一步提高所制表面涂层的疏水性、力学性能和涂层的耐磨性能。
进一步的,苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液由以下工艺制得:
取丙烯酰胺、1,1-二苯乙烯,加入去离子水中,在氩气气氛保护下,升温至70~75℃,搅拌,加入45%质量组分的过硫酸钾,保温反应30~60min;加入苯乙烯、剩余质量组分的过硫酸钾,保温反应90~120min;加入KH560改性二氧化硅混合,得到苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液。
进一步的,丙烯酰胺、1,1-二苯乙烯、苯乙烯、过硫酸钾、KH560改性二氧化硅的质量比为(18~22):(0.2~0.4):10:(0.6~0.8):(16~20);
苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液的固含量为40%。
进一步的,KH560改性二氧化硅由以下工艺制得:
取二氧化硅,于无水乙醇中超声分散30min,加入KH-560,70~80℃保温反应100~150min,离心干燥,得到KH560改性二氧化硅。
进一步的,KH-560用量为二氧化硅质量的30%~50%;
二氧化硅、无水乙醇的比例为0.5g/100mL;
二氧化硅:粒径0.2~0.5μm,来源于河北冠朗生物科技有限公司。
在上述技术方案中,丙烯酰胺、1,1-二苯乙烯、苯乙烯聚合,得到苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液,然后将其与KH560改性二氧化硅混合,利用乳液中的胺基与KH560改性二氧化硅的环氧基团反应,发生接枝,增强二氧化硅微粒与表面涂层间的粘结性能,能够增加表面涂层的表面粗糙度,提高其疏水性,改善其防污和抗磨损能力。
水性聚氨酯和苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液混合作为成膜剂,其分子链上具有大量极性基团,分子间易形成氢键,并能够与皮革形成氢键结合,有效提高表面涂层的致密度,和其在皮革上的粘合能力。
交联剂选择聚醚胺类固化剂,能够与水性聚氨酯、苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液中的环氧基团发生反应,提高了所制表面涂层分子体系的交联度,进一步提高了表面涂层的致密度,改善其力学性能和耐磨性能。水性聚氨酯和苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液在皮革表面形成交联网络结构,作为弹性材料,与其结构中的二氧化硅、降冰片烯等刚性单元间具有较强的相互作用,利于所制表面涂层弹性的保持,促进其耐磨性能的持久性。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1.本发明的防污耐磨汽车脚垫及其制备工艺,通过组分2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚、六氟丙烯三聚体、5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸、聚甲基氢硅氧烷、烯丙醇制备得到降冰片烯二醇,将其引入水性聚氨酯体系中,能够有效降低涂料的表面张力和所制表面涂层的表面能,提高水性聚氨酯的热稳定性和硬度,与外界的接触点变形减少,并改善了疏水性和致密性,提高了所制脚垫的防污性能、耐磨性能和力学性能。
2.本发明的防污耐磨汽车脚垫及其制备工艺,通过丙烯酰胺、1,1-二苯乙烯、苯乙烯聚合,得到苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液,然后将其与KH560改性二氧化硅混合,利用乳液中的胺基与KH560改性二氧化硅的环氧基团反应,发生接枝,增强二氧化硅微粒与表面涂层间的粘结性能,能够增加表面涂层的表面粗糙度,提高其疏水性,改善其防污和抗磨损能力。
3.本发明的防污耐磨汽车脚垫及其制备工艺,将水性聚氨酯和苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液混合作为成膜剂,其分子链上具有大量极性基团,分子间易形成氢键,并能够与皮革形成氢键结合;并通过交联剂提高体系的交联度,有效提高了所制表面涂层的致密度,和其在皮革上的粘合能力,从而改善了表面涂层的力学性能;其结构中的二氧化硅、降冰片烯等刚性单元与体系间有着较强的相互作用,利于所制表面涂层弹性的保持,促进其耐磨性能的持久性。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在以下具体实施方式中,乳化剂选择OP-10,来源于深圳市伯顺化工有限公司;交联剂选择环氧固化剂R-2257,来源于山东品尚新材料有限公司;流平剂选择630,来源于江西三越高分子材料有限公司;聚丙二醇选择PPG800,来源于南通辰润化工有限公司;聚甲基氢硅氧烷,含氢量约为0.3%,来源于金锦乐化学有限公司;二氧化硅:粒径0.2~0.5μm,来源于河北冠朗生物科技有限公司;
皮革为PVC人造革,厚度为0.8mm,来源于杭州商泉皮革有限公司;缓冲层为软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,厚度为8.0mm,克重为270g/m³,来源于广州鸿程塑化有限公司;底布为涤纶针刺布,厚度为2.0mm,克重为120g/m³,来源于东莞市智成纤维制品有限公司;表面涂层的涂布厚度为125μm。
实施例1:一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤1、制备表面涂层:
(1)降冰片烯二醇的制备:
在氮气气氛保护下,取25g2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚、25g碳酸钾,于50℃的100mL四氢呋喃中混合,缓慢加入46.5g六氟丙烯三聚体,1h内加完,反应4h;抽滤,冷却至室温,萃取,得到含氟苯酚单体;
在氮气气氛保护下,将10g5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸、45.9g含氟苯酚单体,于167mL二氯甲烷中混合,0℃温度条件下,加入19.8g1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)和1.9g4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),反应30min;恢复室温,继续反应24h;加入饱和氯化铵溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,过柱,得到降冰片烯基含氟单体;
取25g降冰片烯基含氟单体、25mL甲苯、0.53g卡斯特催化剂混合,在氮气气氛保护下,升温至90℃,缓慢加入20.5g聚甲基氢硅氧烷,反应24h;加入3.8g烯丙醇,继续反应4h;旋蒸,得到降冰片烯二醇;
(2)水性聚氨酯的制备:
取100g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、15g聚丙二醇、15g降冰片烯二醇混合,在氮气氛围中,升温至85℃,反应2h;将体系温度降至60℃,加入25g1,4-丁二醇,于75℃体系温度下反应2h;降温至37℃,加入8g缩水甘油,于65℃体系温度下继续反应80min;冷却至12℃,加入三乙胺调节体系pH至7.5,中和反应27min;加入去离子水,剪切乳化25min,得到固含量为30%的水性聚氨酯;
(3)苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液的制备:
取20g二氧化硅,于4L无水乙醇中超声分散30min,加入6gKH-560,70℃保温反应100min,离心干燥,得到KH560改性二氧化硅;
取18g丙烯酰胺、0.2g1,1-二苯乙烯,加入去离子水中,在氩气气氛保护下,升温至70℃,搅拌,加入0.27g的过硫酸钾,保温反应30min;加入10g苯乙烯、0.33g的过硫酸钾,保温反应900min;加入16gKH560改性二氧化硅混合,得到固含量为40%的苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液;
(4)表面涂层的制备:
取76.5g水性聚氨酯、13.5g苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液置于反应器中,加入2.0g乳化剂OP-10,于45℃温度下搅拌50min,得到共混乳液,作为成膜剂,加入1.5g交联剂和0.01g流平剂,充分搅拌均匀,得到涂料;将涂料涂布于皮革的表面,干燥,得到表面涂层;
步骤2、脚垫的制备:取底布,在其上表面依次叠加缓冲层和皮革,胶粘复合,得到脚垫。
实施例2:一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤1、制备表面涂层:
(1)降冰片烯二醇的制备:
在氮气气氛保护下,取25g2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚、28.1g碳酸钾,于55℃的100mL四氢呋喃中混合,缓慢加入52.6g六氟丙烯三聚体,1h内加完,反应4.5h;抽滤,冷却至室温,萃取,得到含氟苯酚单体;
在氮气气氛保护下,将10g5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸、48.1g含氟苯酚单体,于167mL二氯甲烷中混合,2℃温度条件下,加入20.8g1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)和2g4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),反应40min;恢复室温,继续反应24h;加入饱和氯化铵溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,过柱,得到降冰片烯基含氟单体;
取25g降冰片烯基含氟单体、25mL甲苯、0.54g卡斯特催化剂混合,在氮气气氛保护下,升温至100℃,缓慢加入21.4g聚甲基氢硅氧烷,反应24h;加入3.9g烯丙醇,继续反应5h;旋蒸,得到降冰片烯二醇;
(2)水性聚氨酯的制备:
取125g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、22g聚丙二醇、22g降冰片烯二醇混合,在氮气氛围中,升温至90℃,反应2.5h;将体系温度降至65℃,加入50g1,4-丁二醇,于80℃体系温度下反应2.5h;降温至40℃,加入10g缩水甘油,于70℃体系温度下继续反应100min;冷却至15℃,加入三乙胺调节体系pH至7.5,中和反应30min;加入去离子水,剪切乳化30min,得到固含量为30%的水性聚氨酯;
(3)苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液的制备:
取20g二氧化硅,于4L无水乙醇中超声分散30min,加入8gKH-560,75℃保温反应120min,离心干燥,得到KH560改性二氧化硅;
取20g丙烯酰胺、0.3g1,1-二苯乙烯,加入去离子水中,在氩气气氛保护下,升温至72℃,搅拌,加入0.31g的过硫酸钾,保温反应45min;加入10g苯乙烯、0.38g的过硫酸钾,保温反应105min;加入18gKH560改性二氧化硅混合,得到固含量为40%的苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液;
(4)表面涂层的制备:
取76.5g水性聚氨酯、17.0g苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液置于反应器中,加入2.2g乳化剂OP-10,于50℃温度下搅拌50~70min,得到共混乳液,作为成膜剂,加入1.8g交联剂和0.015g流平剂,充分搅拌均匀,得到涂料;将涂料涂布于皮革的表面,干燥,得到表面涂层;
步骤2、脚垫的制备:取底布,在其上表面依次叠加缓冲层和皮革,胶粘复合,得到脚垫。
实施例3:一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤1、制备表面涂层:
(1)降冰片烯二醇的制备:
在氮气气氛保护下,取25g2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚、31.2g碳酸钾,于60℃的100mL四氢呋喃中混合,缓慢加入58.7g六氟丙烯三聚体,1h内加完,反应5h;抽滤,冷却至室温,萃取,得到含氟苯酚单体;
在氮气气氛保护下,将10g5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸、50.4g含氟苯酚单体,于167mL二氯甲烷中混合,5℃温度条件下,加入21.8g1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)和2.1g4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),反应50min;恢复室温,继续反应24h;加入饱和氯化铵溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,过柱,得到降冰片烯基含氟单体;
取25g降冰片烯基含氟单体、25mL甲苯、0.55g卡斯特催化剂混合,在氮气气氛保护下,升温至110℃,缓慢加入22.2g聚甲基氢硅氧烷,反应24h;加入4.0g烯丙醇,继续反应6h;旋蒸,得到降冰片烯二醇;
(2)水性聚氨酯的制备:
取150g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、30g聚丙二醇、30g降冰片烯二醇混合,在氮气氛围中,升温至95℃,反应3h;将体系温度降至70℃,加入75g1,4-丁二醇,于85℃体系温度下反应3h;降温至43℃,加入12g缩水甘油,于75℃体系温度下继续反应120min;冷却至20℃,加入三乙胺调节体系pH至7.5,中和反应35min;加入去离子水,剪切乳化35min,得到固含量为30%的水性聚氨酯;
(3)苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液的制备:
取20g二氧化硅,于4L无水乙醇中超声分散30min,加入10gKH-560,80℃保温反应150min,离心干燥,得到KH560改性二氧化硅;
取22g丙烯酰胺、0.4g1,1-二苯乙烯,加入去离子水中,在氩气气氛保护下,升温至75℃,搅拌,加入0.36g的过硫酸钾,保温反应60min;加入10g苯乙烯、0.44g的过硫酸钾,保温反应120min;加入20gKH560改性二氧化硅混合,得到固含量为40%的苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液;
(4)表面涂层的制备:
取76.1g水性聚氨酯、20.9g苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液置于反应器中,加入4.0g乳化剂OP-10,于55℃温度下搅拌70min,得到共混乳液,作为成膜剂,加入2.0g交联剂和0.02g流平剂,充分搅拌均匀,得到涂料;将涂料涂布于皮革的表面,干燥,得到表面涂层;
步骤2、脚垫的制备:取底布,在其上表面依次叠加缓冲层和皮革,胶粘复合,得到脚垫。
对比例1:一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤1、制备表面涂层:
(1)降冰片烯二醇的制备:
取2.8g2,5-降冰片二烯、25mL甲苯、0.53g卡斯特催化剂混合,在氮气气氛保护下,升温至90℃,缓慢加入20.5g聚甲基氢硅氧烷,反应24h;加入3.8g烯丙醇,继续反应4h;旋蒸,得到降冰片烯二醇;
后续工艺与实施例1相同,得到脚垫。
对比例2:一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤1、制备表面涂层:
(1)降冰片烯二醇的制备:
取8.2g2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚、25mL甲苯、0.53g卡斯特催化剂混合,在氮气气氛保护下,升温至90℃,缓慢加入20.5g聚甲基氢硅氧烷,反应24h;加入3.8g烯丙醇,继续反应4h;旋蒸,得到改性二醇;
(2)水性聚氨酯的制备:
取100g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、15g聚丙二醇、15g降冰片烯二醇混合,在氮气氛围中,升温至85℃,反应2h;将体系温度降至60℃,加入25g1,4-丁二醇,于75℃体系温度下反应2h;降温至37℃,加入8g缩水甘油,于65℃体系温度下继续反应80min;冷却至12℃,加入三乙胺调节体系pH至7.5,中和反应27min;加入去离子水,剪切乳化25min,得到固含量为30%的水性聚氨酯;
后续工艺中的与实施例1相同,得到脚垫。
对比例3:一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,包括以下工艺:
步骤1、制备表面涂层:
(1)取羟基硅油备用,CFS-F(OH),来源于湖北科孚乐材料科技有限公司;
(2)水性聚氨酯的制备:
取100g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、15g聚丙二醇、15g羟基硅油混合,在氮气氛围中,升温至85℃,反应2h;将体系温度降至60℃,加入25g1,4-丁二醇,于75℃体系温度下反应2h;降温至37℃,加入8g缩水甘油,于65℃体系温度下继续反应80min;冷却至12℃,加入三乙胺调节体系pH至7.5,中和反应27min;加入去离子水,剪切乳化25min,得到固含量为30%的水性聚氨酯;
后续工艺中的与实施例1相同,得到脚垫。
对比例4:一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,包括以下工艺:
(3)苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液的制备:
取18g丙烯酰胺、0.2g1,1-二苯乙烯,加入去离子水中,在氩气气氛保护下,升温至70℃,搅拌,加入0.27g的过硫酸钾,保温反应30min;加入10g苯乙烯、0.33g的过硫酸钾,保温反应900min;加入16g二氧化硅混合,得到固含量为40%的苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液;
其他工艺中的与对比例3相同,得到脚垫。
对比例5:一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,包括以下工艺:
(3)苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液的制备:
取18g丙烯酸、0.2g1,1-二苯乙烯,加入去离子水中,在氩气气氛保护下,升温至70℃,搅拌,加入0.27g的过硫酸钾,保温反应30min;加入10g苯乙烯、0.33g的过硫酸钾,保温反应900min;加入16g二氧化硅混合,得到固含量为40%的苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液;
交联剂选择4317,来源于合肥安邦化工有限公司;
其他工艺中的与对比例3相同,得到脚垫。
实验
取实施例1-3、对比例1-5中得到的脚垫,制得试样,分别对其性能进行检测并记录检测结果:
力学性能:以GB/T 1040.3-2006为参考标准,对试样的拉伸强度进行测试,试样尺寸为60mm×25mm,拉伸速度100mm/min;
防污性能:采用接触角测试仪,对试样的接触角进行测试,蒸馏水的水滴尺寸为5μL,30s稳定;
取油墨
耐磨性能:取砂轮对试样进行磨损实验,试样中的表面涂层受到的接触压力为12.1MPa,砂轮为400目,以1cm/s的速度在试样表面摩擦50次,一次摩擦距离为10cm再次检测试样的接触角,并计算实验前后试样接触角的保留率。
根据上表中的数据,可以清楚得到以下结论:
实施例1-3中得到的脚垫与对比例1-5中得到的脚垫形成对比,检测结果可知,
与对比例相比,实施例1-3中得到的脚垫,具有更高的拉伸强度、接触角及其摩擦后的保留率数据,这充分说明了本发明实现了对表面涂层疏水性、抗摩擦和力学性能的改善,并能够提高所制脚垫的防污性能和耐磨性能。
与实施例1相比,对比例1中降冰片烯二醇的制备工艺不同;对比例2将组分降冰片烯二醇替换为等质量的改性二醇;对比例3将组分降冰片烯二醇替换为等质量的羟基硅油;与对比例1相比,对比例4中将组分KH560改性二氧化硅替换为等质量的二氧化硅,对比例5在对比例4的基础上,将组分丙烯酰胺替换为等质量的丙烯酸,并将交联剂更换;其拉伸强度、接触角及其摩擦后的保留率数据下降,可知本发明对表面涂层组分及其工艺的设置能够促进其疏水性、抗摩擦和力学性能的改善,并有助于提高所制脚垫的防污性能和耐磨性能。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程方法物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程方法物品或者设备所固有的要素。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改等同替换改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,其特征在于:包括以下工艺:
步骤1、表面涂层的制备:
取水性聚氨酯、苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液置于反应器中,加入乳化剂,于45~55℃温度下搅拌50~70min,得到共混乳液,作为成膜剂,加入交联剂和流平剂,充分搅拌均匀,得到涂料;
将涂料涂布于皮革的表面,干燥,得到表面涂层;
步骤2、脚垫的制备:
取底布,在其上表面依次叠加缓冲层和皮革,胶粘复合,得到脚垫。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述涂料包括以下质量组分:90~97份成膜剂、1.5~2.0份交联剂、0.01~0.02份流平剂、2.0~4.0份乳化剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述水性聚氨酯与苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液的质量比为100:(17.6~27.5)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述水性聚氨酯由以下工艺制得:
在氮气气氛保护下,取2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚、碳酸钾,于50~60℃四氢呋喃中混合,缓慢加入六氟丙烯三聚体,1h内加完,反应4~5h,得到含氟苯酚单体;
在氮气气氛保护下,将5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸、含氟苯酚单体,于二氯甲烷中混合,0~5℃温度条件下,加入1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和4-二甲氨基吡啶,反应30~50min;恢复室温,继续反应24h,得到降冰片烯基含氟单体;
取降冰片烯基含氟单体、甲苯、卡斯特催化剂混合,在氮气气氛保护下,升温至90~110℃,缓慢加入聚甲基氢硅氧烷,反应24h;加入烯丙醇,继续反应4~6h,得到降冰片烯二醇;
取异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚丙二醇、降冰片烯二醇混合,在氮气氛围中,升温至85~95℃,反应2~3h;将体系温度降至60~70℃,加入1,4-丁二醇,于75~85℃体系温度下反应2~3h;降温至37~43℃,加入缩水甘油,于65~75℃体系温度下继续反应80~120min;冷却至12~20℃,加入三乙胺调节体系pH至7.5,中和反应27~35min;加入去离子水,剪切乳化25~35min,得到水性聚氨酯。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述2,2'-二烯丙基-4,4'-双酚、六氟丙烯三聚体的质量比为10:(18.6~23.5);
5-降冰片烯-2-羧酸、含氟苯酚单体的质量比为10:(45.9~50.4);
降冰片烯基含氟单体、 聚甲基氢硅氧烷、烯丙醇的质量比为10:(8.2~8.9):(1.5~1.6)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述水性聚氨酯包括以下质量组分:10~15份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1.5~3.0份聚丙二醇、1.5~3.0份降冰片烯二醇、2.5~7.5份1,4-丁二醇、0.8~1.2份缩水甘油。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液由以下工艺制得:
取丙烯酰胺、1,1-二苯乙烯,加入去离子水中,在氩气气氛保护下,升温至70~75℃,搅拌,加入45%组分质量的过硫酸钾,保温反应30~60min;加入苯乙烯、剩余组分质量的过硫酸钾,保温反应90~120min;加入KH560改性二氧化硅混合,得到苯乙烯-丙烯酰胺乳液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述丙烯酰胺、1,1-二苯乙烯、苯乙烯、过硫酸钾、KH560改性二氧化硅的质量比为(18~22):(0.2~0.4):10:(0.6~0.8):(16~20)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述KH560改性二氧化硅由以下工艺制得:
取二氧化硅,于无水乙醇中超声分散30min,加入KH-560,70~80℃保温反应100~150min,离心干燥。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述制备工艺制得的一种防污耐磨汽车脚垫。
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