CN116440144A - 积雪草苷在制备治疗糖尿病肾脏疾病中拮抗肾脏纤维化药物中的应用 - Google Patents
积雪草苷在制备治疗糖尿病肾脏疾病中拮抗肾脏纤维化药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种积雪草苷在制备治疗糖尿病肾脏疾病中拮抗肾脏纤维化药物中的应用,所述积雪草苷的给药剂量为45mg/kg·d‑1。通过动物实验表明,积雪草苷可以激活DKD肾脏Sirt1,抑制P53乙酰化,减少DKD蛋白尿,延缓肾功能进展,改善肾病理,起到拮抗DKD肾脏纤维化作用。本发明公开了积雪草苷在糖尿病肾脏疾病中拮抗肾脏纤维化的作用,并明确了积雪草苷的干预途径及药物剂量。本发明积雪草苷潜在的治疗DKD肾脏纤维化的药理学干预途径,对鉴定积雪草苷这一新化学药物至关重要。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医药领域,特别涉及一种积雪草苷在制备治疗糖尿病肾脏疾病中拮抗肾脏纤维化药物中的应用。
背景技术
世界卫生组织于2016年发布的糖尿病报告显示:在中国全部成年人口中已有近10%糖尿病患者,至2040年,中国的糖尿病患者人数将增至1.5亿。每年我国糖尿病相关的医疗费用十分巨大,超过1700亿元,其中并发症的治疗费占80%以上,糖尿病(diabetesmellitus,DM)已成为我国面临的一个重大公共卫生问题,将成为制约我国发展的一个重要问题。糖尿病肾脏疾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)是糖尿病最严重的微血管并发症之一。约有30~40%糖尿病患者可发展为DKD。在欧美发达国家及我国,DKD已经成为终末期肾病(end stage renal disease,ESRD)的主要病因。
目前,DKD的临床治疗多采取血糖、血压、血脂控制及运用肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,RAAS)阻滞剂等。虽然钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-2(sodium-dependent glucose transporters-2,SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽-1受体(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)激动剂等新药相继问世,但由于DKD发病机制的复杂性与异质性,临床疗效仍不甚满意。所以,明确DKD的发病机制并找到延缓DKD纤维化的方法是国民健康与经济发展的迫切需求。
积雪草为伞形科草本植物,又称落得打、崩大碗、半边钱,首载于《神农本草经》,广泛分布于长江流域以南各地,其性寒,味苦、辛,无毒,具有清热利湿、解毒消肿、活血疗疮的功效。现代研究表明,积雪草提取物积雪草苷具有抑制成纤维细胞增殖的作用,改善毛细血管通透性,调节微循环等作用,在许多东南亚国家和地区如印度等广泛应用于临床。尽管有关积雪草苷的研究层出不穷,然而到目前为止,有关积雪草苷在糖尿病肾脏疾病抗纤维化方面的研究及应用在国内外鲜有报道。
发明内容
本发明为了填补上述领域的空白,提供一种积雪草苷在制备治疗糖尿病肾脏疾病中拮抗肾脏纤维化药物中的应用。
本发明是采用以下技术方案得以实现的。
积雪草苷在制备治疗糖尿病肾脏疾病中拮抗肾脏纤维化药物中的应用。
进一步的,积雪草苷的给药剂量为45mg/kg·d-1
本申请具有以下有益效果。
本申请通过动物实验观察到积雪草苷可以上调db/db鼠肾组织Sirt1基因及蛋白表达,以及下降P53基因及蛋白表达。另外,本申请检测了Fn1、Collagen IV关于肾纤维化的指标,发现从免疫组化及Western blot及RT-qPCR结果验证,Fn1及ColIV的表达水平明显降低,说明积雪草苷通过调控Sirt1/P53信号通路,抑制ECM积聚,减轻了db/db小鼠的肾脏损伤。而HE及PAS染色结果显示积雪草苷改善了db/db小鼠肾脏病变相关病理特征,如肾小球基底膜增厚、系膜区的扩张、系膜基质增多等情况均得到改善,进一步证明积雪草苷可以通过减轻肾小球系膜细胞外基质堆积起到保护肾脏功能的作用,从而治疗DKD,拮抗DKD肾脏纤维化。且作用与阳性对照药物缬沙坦无显著差异。本申请为糖尿病肾病患者的肾脏保护机制和药物提供了新的思路。
附图说明
图1为本发明积雪草苷对db/db小鼠肾脏形态学的影响图(HE,×400;A:正常组;B:模型组;C:缬沙坦组;D:积雪草苷组);
图2为本发明各组小鼠肾组织PAS染色病理图片(PAS,×400;A:正常组;B:模型组;C:缬沙坦组;D:积雪草苷组);
图3为本发明各组小鼠肾组织免疫组化图片(IHC×400);
图4为本发明Sirt1、P53、Fn1、Collagen IV、GAPDH在各组db/db鼠肾组织中的表达结果图(a:正常组;b:模型组;c:缬沙坦组;d:积雪草苷组);
图5为本发明积雪草苷对db/db小鼠肾脏Sirt1、P53、Col IV、Fn1蛋白的表达结果图(与正常对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;与缬沙坦组比较,△P<0.05,△△P<0.01);
图6为本发明积雪草苷对db/db小鼠肾脏Sirt1、P53、Col IV、Fn1 mRNA的表达结果图(与正常对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01)。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本专利申请进行进一步的说明。
以下制备例和实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;以下制备例和实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
1.实验方法
本申请中用于拮抗DKD肾脏纤维化的药物主要是:积雪草苷(单体提纯物,>99%纯度,成都瑞芬思生物科技有限公司生产)。
将30只db/db小鼠随机分为模型组、缬沙坦组(阳性药物对照组)、积雪草苷组,每组10只。另设10只同窝出生野生型wt小鼠设置为正常对照组。每天更换垫料以保持干燥,保证足够饮水量。实验开始后每隔一月检测各组小鼠体重、血糖。给药剂量按照体表面积公式[A=k(W10)/10000,k=9]推算。每只小鼠积雪草苷给药剂量为45mg/kg·d-1药物,溶于0.9%氯化钠溶液中。缬沙坦给药剂量为5mg/kg·d-1药物,片剂研磨后溶于0.9%氯化钠溶液中成混悬液。正常对照组及模型组予等剂量蒸馏水灌胃。以上混悬液每周配置一次,均4℃保存,灌胃前取出恢复至室温,混匀后备用。连续用药3个月。将小鼠转移至代谢笼,每5只一组,小鼠禁食但不禁水,分别收集好尿液后混匀留取1.5ml,5000r/min 4℃离心5min,留取上清液,保存于-80℃冰箱用于检测24h尿蛋白定量。小鼠眼内眦取血,3000r/min 4℃离心15min,留取上清液,保存于-80℃冰箱用于检测Bun及Scr。并剖开小鼠腹腔,摘除双肾,去除髓质,保留肾皮质,小鼠双肾肾皮质一部分常温固定于10%中性福尔马林溶液中,后续进行HE染色、PAS染色、免疫组化,另一部分放在-80℃冰箱保存,后续进行Western blot及RT-qPCR检测。
HE染色:将固定于10%中性福尔马林溶液中的肾组织经过脱水、透明、包埋,制备4μm厚度的组织切片。烤片2小时,脱蜡至水后,滴加苏木素染色5min,自来水冲洗后,伊红染色2min,1%盐酸酒精分化,梯度浓度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片保存,在400倍光镜下可视化分析组织病理形态。
PAS染色:肾组织切片同HE染色切片流程切成4μm,并按照PAS染色试剂盒说明书进行染色,在400倍光镜下观察,糖原阳性物质呈红色或紫红色。采用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件统计分析肾小球系膜基质相对面积(肾小球系膜基质/肾小球百分比)。
免疫组化:将5μm石蜡切片常规脱蜡水化,加入柠檬酸缓冲液,其中使用的一抗浓度分别为Sirt1(1:50),P53(1:200),Collagen IV(1:400),Fn1(1:300)。并采用二抗相同来源的血清封闭,显微镜下400倍观察,采集图像。
Western blot:裂解肾组织提取蛋白,BCA法检测蛋白浓度,依次经过制胶,上样,电泳,转膜,封闭,一抗孵育过夜,浓度分别为sirt1(1:1000),P53(1:1000),collagen IV(1:1000),FN1(1:1000),GAPDH(1:1000)。随后加入二抗孵育,最后扫膜显影曝光。蛋白表达量计算目标蛋白与内参蛋白条带灰度值的比值。
RT-qPCR检测各基因mRNA表达:肾脏总RNA的提取,将各组提取的RNA反转录为cDNA,设计小鼠Sirt1、P53、CollagenIV、Fn1 mRNA特异性引物,并设置GAPDH作为内参(表1),在10ul反应体系下,使用荧光染料法,内参和目的片段分开同时扩增,每组同时设置3个复孔,采用相对定量法分析Ct值,2-△△Ct表示目的基因mRNA表达的拷贝数与GAPDH拷贝数之比。
表1RT-PCR各基因引物序列
统计学方法:采用SPSS 25.0统计软件,计量资料以X±S表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较可采用LSD法,若P<0.05为差异有统计学意义,P<0.01为有显著性差异。
2.结果
2.1积雪草苷对自发性2型糖尿病db/db小鼠体重、血糖的影响
模型组、缬沙坦组、积雪草苷组中db/db小鼠出现明显的肥胖,且明显高于正常组小鼠体重(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,缬沙坦组与积雪草苷组体重虽有下降,但无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示积雪草苷对2型糖尿病db/db小鼠的体重没有明显影响。研究发现,db/db小鼠在6-8周龄时开始自发性出现高血糖,实验结果显示,模型组血糖明显比正常组血糖高,与模型组相比,缬沙坦组与积雪草苷组血糖差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。提示积雪草苷对2型糖尿病db/db小鼠的血糖水平无明显影响(表2)。
表2积雪草苷对各组小鼠体重、血糖的影响(n=10)
注:与正常对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
2.2积雪草苷对db/db小鼠肾功能的影响
肾脏功能检测指标结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组db/db小鼠尿液的尿蛋白水平、血清中血尿素氮(Bun)和血肌酐(Scr)水平显著增加(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,缬沙坦组、积雪草苷组的尿蛋白、血尿素氮水平可显著减少(P<0.01,P<0.05),两组用药组均能够下降血尿素氮及血肌酐含量,且均有统计学差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。但两者间无统计学差异。两组用药组在血肌酐水平均有效降低,且具有统计学差异(P<0.05)(表3)。
表3积雪草苷对各组小鼠24小时尿蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮的影响(n=10)
2.3积雪草苷对db/db小鼠肾脏形态学影响
光镜下HE染色可见,正常组WT小鼠肾脏结构完整清晰,组织无损伤;与正常组WT小鼠相比,模型组小鼠肾脏组织坏死明显,肾小球肥大,基底膜增厚,系膜基质增生,并可见大量炎性细胞;而缬沙坦组与积雪草苷组db/db小鼠上述病理改变明显(图1)。
2.4积雪草苷对db/db小鼠肾脏PAS染色结果的影响
PAS染色显示,与正常组WT小鼠比较,模型组中db/db小鼠的肾脏中肾小球系膜细胞外基质堆积,系膜基质相对面积增加。与模型组相比,缬沙坦组和积雪草苷组db/db小鼠肾小球基质区域明显减少。利用Image pro-plus 6.0软件分析肾小球系膜基质相对面积(extracecellular matrixc glomerular area,ECM/GA)软件分析各组肾小球基质区域面积与肾小球面积的百分比,结果显示,积雪草苷组中肾小球系膜基质相对面积比db/db组肾小球基质区域百分比减少,两组间无统计学差异(图2、表4)。
表4积雪草苷对各组小鼠肾小球系膜基质相对面积的影响(n=3)
注:与正常对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01。
2.5免疫组化检测各组小鼠相关蛋白表达情况
正常组肾组织Sirt1染色呈阳性,模型组较正常组棕黄色颗粒明显减少。与模型组比较,缬沙坦及积雪草苷组Sirt1表达上调。P53、Col IV、Fn1正常组染色呈弱阳性表达,模型组较正常组表达明显增多,与模型组相比,缬沙坦组、积雪草苷组P53、Col IV、Fn1表达减少(图3)。
2.6Western-blot方法检测各组小鼠相关蛋白表达情况
与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肾皮质中P53、Collagen IV、Fn1蛋白表达量显著增加(P<0.01,<0.05),Sirt1蛋白表达量相对明显减少(P<0.01)。db/db小鼠经缬沙坦与积雪草苷治疗后,与模型组相比,这两组药均能够使P53、Collagen IV、Fn1蛋白表达量降低(P<0.05),而使Sirt1蛋白表达升高(P<0.01,P<0.05)。相比于缬沙坦,积雪草苷组可达到相似的结果,且Sirt1下调水平更加明显(P<0.01)(图4、5)。
2.7各组Sirt1、P53、Fn1、Collagen IV mRNA表达的变化
与正常组比较,模型组P53、Fn1、Collagen IV mRNA表达增高(P<0.01),Sirt1mRNA表达明显降低(P<0.01);与模型组相比,缬沙坦组和积雪草苷组P53、Fn1、Collagen IVmRNA表达降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),Sirt1 mRNA表达升高(P<0.01,P<0.05)。积雪草苷组Fn1、Collagen IV mRNA表达高于缬沙坦组,但两者间无统计学差异(P>0.05),Sirt1 mRNA表达明显高于缬沙坦组(P<0.01)(图6)。
本具体实施方式的实施例均为本发明的较佳实施例,并非依此限制本发明的保护范围,故:凡依本发明的结构、形状、原理所做的等效变化,均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.积雪草苷在制备治疗糖尿病肾脏疾病中拮抗肾脏纤维化药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:积雪草苷的给药剂量为45mg/kg·d-1。
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