CN116430909A - Automatic tracking device for photovoltaic panel - Google Patents
Automatic tracking device for photovoltaic panel Download PDFInfo
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- CN116430909A CN116430909A CN202211443956.XA CN202211443956A CN116430909A CN 116430909 A CN116430909 A CN 116430909A CN 202211443956 A CN202211443956 A CN 202211443956A CN 116430909 A CN116430909 A CN 116430909A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
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- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic tracking device of a photovoltaic panel, which comprises: the photovoltaic panel assembly is used for fixedly mounting the photovoltaic panel; the supporting unit is used for realizing ground support of the photovoltaic panel assembly; the rotating unit is used for realizing sun tracking of the photovoltaic panel assembly; the rotating unit comprises an X-axis rotating unit and a Y-axis rotating unit; the X-axis rotating unit is fixedly connected with the photovoltaic panel assembly, and the Y-axis rotating unit is fixedly connected with the supporting unit; the detection unit and the control unit are both arranged on the rotating unit; the control unit is used for calculating the current solar azimuth angle and the altitude angle according to the sun track, and controlling the rotation unit to regulate and realize sun tracking of the photovoltaic panel through the state of the input unit of the detection unit. The invention utilizes synchronous pulley transmission to stabilize the device transmission; the multistage deceleration system can enable the motion track curve of the device to be more continuous and smooth; the designed control scheme realizes the accurate tracking of the solar position by the photovoltaic panel, and further improves the solar energy receiving rate of the photovoltaic panel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to an automatic tracking device for a photovoltaic panel.
Background
The energy problem is the contradiction between the increase of human demand for energy and the gradual decrease of the existing energy resources. Human survival and development are all closely related to energy. The limited non-renewable energy sources such as coal, petroleum and natural gas are relied on for a short time, so that serious energy crisis is caused, and the damage such as greenhouse effect is caused by excessive carbon emission.
Solar energy is used as a clean renewable energy source and has very important application value. Solar power generation has a longer development prospect than traditional thermal power, and has unique advantages compared with new energy power generation technologies such as wind power, nuclear power and the like. Solar power generation is currently mainly divided into photo-thermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation. The photovoltaic power generation technology has received attention from countries around the world due to its simple principle and structure, low operation and maintenance cost and wide developable area.
However, the solar energy converted by the photovoltaic panel has a great relation with the illumination intensity, and the KPCheng and SCMHui of university of hong kong in China teach that the solar energy receiving rate of the tracking type photovoltaic panel and the non-tracking type photovoltaic panel is researched, and the difference of 37.7% between the solar energy receiving rates is found, so that the stable and high-precision tracking device can definitely improve the solar energy receiving rate more.
Common photovoltaic panel tracking devices are distinguished according to rotating shafts, and can be divided into single-shaft tracking and double-shaft tracking, wherein single-shaft tracking refers to axial rotation tracking of a photovoltaic panel along one rotating shaft, and double-shaft tracking refers to axial rotation tracking of the photovoltaic panel along two rotating shafts. However, the altitude and azimuth of the sun vary every moment, so that it is difficult to maximize the solar energy receiving rate by uniaxial tracking. The tracking device is divided into open loop control and closed loop control according to a control mode, wherein the open loop control refers to that the controller calculates the current sunlight height angle and azimuth angle according to the current altitude, date, time and regional longitude and latitude information of the current photovoltaic panel, and controls the actuating mechanism to rotate a certain angle until sunset stops according to the tracking of the sun-viewing track. The closed loop control is fed back to the control system through the photosensitive element. However, the closed-loop control mode is easy to be interfered by external light, the adjusting mode is unstable, the open-loop control mode is little interfered by external environmental factors, and the stability of the open-loop control mode is far higher than that of closed-loop control.
Therefore, the high-precision double-shaft rotation tracking device and the stable control mode are beneficial to improving the precision of a photovoltaic tracking system, so that the solar energy receiving rate of the photovoltaic panel is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic tracking device for a photovoltaic panel, which solves the problems in the prior art and can realize tracking of a direct sunlight point by the photovoltaic panel.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides an automatic tracking device of a photovoltaic panel, which comprises:
the photovoltaic panel assembly is used for fixedly mounting the photovoltaic panel;
the support unit is used for realizing ground support of the photovoltaic panel assembly;
the rotating unit is used for realizing the heliostat tracking of the photovoltaic panel assembly; the rotating unit comprises an X-axis rotating unit and a Y-axis rotating unit; the X-axis rotating unit is fixedly connected with the photovoltaic panel assembly, and the Y-axis rotating unit is fixedly connected with the supporting unit;
the detection unit and the control unit are both arranged on the rotating unit; the control unit is used for calculating the current sun azimuth angle and the altitude angle according to the sun-viewing track, and controlling the rotating unit to adjust and realize sun tracking of the photovoltaic panel through the state of the input unit of the detecting unit.
The photovoltaic panel assembly further comprises a photovoltaic panel fixing frame, a frame supporting frame and an optical axis fixing frame; the photovoltaic panel is fixedly arranged in the photovoltaic panel fixing frame; at least two frame supporting frames are fixedly arranged on the photovoltaic panel fixing frame through bolts;
the frame support frames are parallel to each other; each frame supporting frame is connected with the optical axis fixing frame through a pin; each optical axis fixing frame is closely arranged on the optical axis of the X-axis rotating unit.
The X-axis rotating unit is arranged above the Y-axis rotating unit; the shaft rotation unit includes a first motor; the first motor is fixed on the second supporting plate, and the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected with the first synchronous belt wheel; the first synchronous belt pulley synchronous belt is in transmission connection with the second synchronous belt pulley; the second synchronous pulley is arranged on an input shaft of the first double-shaft speed reducer;
a third synchronous pulley is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the first double-shaft speed reducer, and is in transmission connection with a fourth synchronous pulley through a synchronous belt; the fourth synchronous pulley is fixed on the first optical axis; a first bearing assembly and a second bearing assembly are also arranged on the first optical axis; the first bearing assembly and the second bearing assembly are respectively and fixedly arranged on the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate;
one end of the first optical axis is also connected with a first precise angular displacement sensor in the detection unit through a first coupler, so that the angular displacement of the photovoltaic panel rotating around the first optical axis is precisely detected; the first coupling is disposed between the second support plate and the third support plate.
The first support plate, the second support plate and the third support plate are fixedly connected through threaded cylindrical pins; a fourth support plate is further arranged between the end part of the first support plate and the end part of the third support plate in a threaded manner; the fourth supporting plate is horizontally arranged relative to the ground, and the axial rotating unit is installed at the bottom of the fourth supporting plate.
The Y-axis rotating unit comprises a second motor; the second motor is fixed on the fourth supporting plate; a fifth synchronous pulley is fixedly arranged at the output end of the second motor; the fifth synchronous pulley is in transmission connection with the sixth synchronous pulley through a synchronous belt; the sixth synchronous pulley is arranged on the input shaft of the second double-shaft speed reducer, and the seventh synchronous pulley is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the second double-shaft speed reducer; the seventh synchronous pulley is in transmission connection with the eighth synchronous pulley through a synchronous belt; the eighth synchronous pulley is fixed at the bottom of the second optical axis;
a third bearing assembly and a fourth bearing assembly are also arranged on the second optical axis; the third bearing assembly and the fourth bearing assembly are respectively and fixedly arranged on a seventh supporting plate and a sixth supporting plate;
the second double-shaft speed reducer is fixed between the seventh support plate and the sixth support plate; the top end of the second optical axis sequentially penetrates through the seventh supporting plate and the sixth supporting plate, and the top of the sixth supporting plate is connected with a second precise angular displacement sensor in the detection unit through a second coupler, so that the angular displacement of the photovoltaic plate rotating around the second optical axis is precisely detected. The second precise angular displacement sensor is fixed on the top surface of the fifth supporting plate.
The bottom surface of the first support plate and the bottom surface of the third support plate are respectively provided with three tapping holes; the harness screw rod penetrates through the sixth supporting plate, one end of the harness screw rod is fixedly arranged on the first supporting plate or the third supporting plate, and the other end of the harness screw rod is fixedly arranged on the sixth supporting plate; the sixth support plate, the seventh support plate and the fifth support plate are fixedly connected through threaded cylindrical pins.
The supporting unit comprises a tripod and casters; the casters are arranged on the bottom support legs of the tripod; the top of the tripod is fixedly provided with a flange through a jackscrew; the flange is fixedly connected with the eighth synchronous pulley.
The detection unit also comprises an AD converter and a GPS module; the first precise angular displacement sensor and the second precise angular displacement sensor convert axial angular displacement of the first optical axis and the second optical axis into electric signals, and then pass through the AD converter, perform analog-to-digital conversion and input into the control unit; reflecting the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel, and judging whether the output angle is correct or not; the GPS module is used for acquiring altitude, date, time and regional longitude and latitude information of the current position.
The control unit comprises a controller, wherein the controller is used for calculating the current solar azimuth angle and the altitude angle according to the sun orbit tracking after receiving the input of the GPS module, calculating the control pulse of the first motor and the second motor according to the solar azimuth angle and the altitude angle and inputting the control pulse to the motor driving module; the input end of the motor driving module is connected with an I/O port of the controller, and the output end of the motor driving module is electrically connected with the first motor and the second motor; the controller is also electrically connected with the power module.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention utilizes synchronous pulley transmission to stabilize the device transmission; the multistage deceleration system can enable the motion track curve of the device to be more continuous and smooth; the designed control scheme realizes the accurate tracking of the solar position by the photovoltaic panel, and further improves the solar energy receiving rate of the photovoltaic panel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic general construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the photovoltaic panel assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the support unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the rotary unit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded schematic view of the structure of the X-axis rotary unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic view of the structure of the Y-axis rotating unit of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a control method of the present invention.
The precise displacement sensor comprises a 1-photovoltaic panel assembly, a 2-supporting unit, a 3-rotating unit, a 101-photovoltaic panel, a 102-photovoltaic panel fixing frame, a 103-frame supporting frame, a 105-optical axis fixing frame, a 201-tripod, 202-casters, 203-flanges, a 301 a-first motor, a 301 b-second motor, a 302 a-first synchronous pulley, a 302 b-second synchronous pulley, a 302 c-third synchronous pulley, a 302 d-fourth synchronous pulley, a 302 e-fifth synchronous pulley, a 302 f-sixth synchronous pulley, a 302 g-seventh synchronous pulley, a 302 h-eighth synchronous pulley, a 303 a-first double-shaft speed reducer, a 303 b-second double-shaft speed reducer, a 304 a-first bearing assembly, a 304 b-second bearing assembly, a 305 a-first optical axis, a 306 a-first coupling, a 306 b-first supporting plate, a 307 b-second supporting plate, a 307 c-third supporting plate, a 307 d-fourth supporting plate, a 307 e-fifth supporting plate, a 307 f-sixth supporting plate, a 307 b-second supporting plate, a first supporting plate, a 401 b-second supporting plate, and a precise displacement sensor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
The invention provides an automatic tracking device of a photovoltaic panel, which comprises:
the photovoltaic panel assembly 1, the photovoltaic panel assembly 1 is used for fixedly mounting the photovoltaic panel 101;
the support unit 2 is used for realizing ground support of the photovoltaic panel assembly 1;
the rotating unit 3 is used for realizing the heliostat tracking of the photovoltaic panel assembly 1; the rotation unit 3 includes an X-axis rotation unit and a Y-axis rotation unit; the X-axis rotating unit is fixedly connected with the photovoltaic panel assembly 1, and the Y-axis rotating unit is fixedly connected with the supporting unit 2;
the detection unit and the control unit are both arranged on the rotation unit 3; the control unit is used for calculating the current solar azimuth angle and the altitude angle according to the sun-viewing orbit tracking, and controlling the rotation unit 3 to adjust and realize sun tracking of the photovoltaic panel 101 through the state of the input unit of the detection unit.
The photovoltaic panel assembly 1 further comprises a photovoltaic panel fixing frame 102, a frame supporting frame 103 and an optical axis fixing frame 105; the photovoltaic panel 101 is fixedly installed in the photovoltaic panel fixing frame 102; at least two frame support frames 103 are fixedly arranged on the photovoltaic panel fixing frame 102 through bolts;
the frame support frames 103 are parallel to each other; and each frame support 103 is in pin connection with the optical axis fixing frame 105; each optical axis fixing frame 105 is closely mounted on the optical axis 305a of the X-axis rotating unit.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, two frame support frames 103 are provided, and each frame support frame 103 is fixedly connected with one optical axis fixing frame 105 through two double-head internal thread cylindrical pins and bolts; the optical axis fixing frame 105 hugs the first optical axis 305a again, so that the angular displacement of the fixed axial rotation of the photovoltaic panel assembly 1 and the rotating unit 3 is the same; the two optical axis holders 105 are respectively fixed between the second support plate 307b and the first coupling 306a, and distal to the first optical axis 305 a.
The X-axis rotating unit is arranged above the Y-axis rotating unit; the X-axis rotation unit includes a first motor 301a; the first motor 301a is fixed on the second support plate 307b, and the output end of the first motor 301a is fixedly connected with the first synchronous pulley 302 a; the first synchronous pulley 302a synchronous belt is in transmission connection with the second synchronous pulley 302 b; the second timing pulley 302b is mounted on the input shaft of the first biaxial speed reducer 303 a;
a third synchronous pulley 302c is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the first double-shaft speed reducer 303a, and the third synchronous pulley 302c is in transmission connection with a fourth synchronous pulley 302d through a synchronous belt; the fourth timing pulley 302d is fixed on the first optical axis 305 a; the first optical axis 305a further mounts a first bearing assembly 304a and a second bearing assembly 304b; the first bearing assembly 304a and the second bearing assembly 304b are fixedly mounted on the first support plate 307a and the second support plate 307b, respectively;
one end of the first optical axis 305a is also connected with a first precise angular displacement sensor 401a in the detection unit through a first coupler 306a, so that the angular displacement of the photovoltaic panel 101 rotating around the first optical axis 305a is precisely detected; the first coupling 306a is disposed between the second support plate 307b and the third support plate 307 c.
The first support plate 307a, the second support plate 307b and the third support plate 307c are fixedly connected through threaded cylindrical pins; a fourth support plate 307d is also threadedly mounted between the end of the first support plate 307a and the end of the third support plate 307 c; the fourth support plate 307d is horizontally disposed with respect to the ground, and a Y-axis rotating unit is installed at the bottom of the fourth support plate 307 d.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the X-axis rotation unit is used to adjust the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel around the X-axis, that is, the pitch angle of the photovoltaic panel; the first motor 301a provides power for the rotation of the photovoltaic panel 101 around the X axis, and the output end of the first motor is connected with the first synchronous pulley 302a and drives the second synchronous pulley 302b to rotate through a synchronous belt; the first motor 301a is a gear motor with an encoder, and serves as a first gear reduction of the device; the first synchronous pulley 302a is a small-diameter pulley and drives the large-diameter second synchronous pulley 302b to rotate, so as to form second speed reduction; the second synchronous pulley 302b is mounted on the input shaft of the first double-shaft speed reducer 303a, a third synchronous pulley 302c is fixed on the output shaft of the first double-shaft speed reducer 303a, and the third synchronous pulley 302c drives the fourth synchronous pulley 302d to rotate through a synchronous belt; the first biaxial speed reducer 303a is a third speed reduction; the third synchronous pulley 302c with small diameter drives the fourth synchronous pulley 302d with large diameter to rotate, so as to form fourth deceleration; the fourth timing pulley 302d is fixed on the first optical axis 305 a; the first optical axis 305a is fixed to the first support plate 307a and the second support plate 307b by a first bearing assembly 304a and a second bearing assembly 304b; the first optical axis 305a passes through the second support plate 307b and then is connected with the first precise angular displacement sensor 401a in the detection unit through the first coupler 306a, so that the angular displacement of the photovoltaic panel rotating around the X axis is precisely detected; the first bearing assembly 304a and the second bearing assembly 304b include bearings and bearing blocks; the first support plate 307a, the second support plate 307b, the third support plate 307c and the fourth support plate 307d are fixed by double-shaft internal thread cylindrical pins, matched with a through-wire screw rod and bolts, and form a main support frame of each part in the X-axis rotating unit;
further, the working principle of the X-axis rotating unit is as follows: the first motor 301a drives the synchronous pulley set and the first dual-shaft speed reducer 303a to drive and reduce speed, wherein the fourth synchronous pulley 302d drives the first optical axis 305a to rotate, so that the same angular displacement as the first precise angular displacement sensor 401a in the detection unit and the photovoltaic panel assembly 1 fixed on the first optical axis 305a is provided.
The Y-axis rotating unit includes a second motor 301b; the second motor 301b is fixed to the fourth support plate 307d; a fifth synchronous pulley 302e is fixedly arranged at the output end of the second motor 301b; the fifth synchronous pulley 302e is in transmission connection with the sixth synchronous pulley 302f through a synchronous belt; the sixth synchronous pulley 302f is mounted on the input shaft of the second double-shaft speed reducer 303b, and the seventh synchronous pulley 302g is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the second double-shaft speed reducer 303 b; the seventh synchronous pulley 302g is in transmission connection with the eighth synchronous pulley 302h through a synchronous belt; the eighth timing pulley 302h is fixed to the bottom of the second optical axis 305 b;
the second optical axis 305b further mounts a third bearing assembly 304c and a fourth bearing assembly 304d thereon; the third bearing assembly 304c and the fourth bearing assembly 304d are fixedly mounted on the seventh support plate 307g and the sixth support plate 307f, respectively;
the second biaxial speed reducer 303b is fixed between the seventh support plate 307g and the sixth support plate 307 f; the top end of the second optical axis 305b sequentially penetrates through the seventh support plate 307g and the sixth support plate 307f, and is connected with a second precise angular displacement sensor 401b in the detection unit through a second coupler 306b at the top of the sixth support plate 307f, so that the angular displacement of the photovoltaic panel rotating around the second optical axis 305b is precisely detected. The second precise angular displacement sensor 401b is fixed to the top surface of the fifth support plate 307 e.
Three tapping holes are respectively formed on the bottom surface of the first support plate 307a and the bottom surface of the third support plate 307 c; the harness screw penetrates through the sixth support plate 307f, one end of the harness screw is fixedly arranged on the first support plate 307a or the third support plate 307c, and the other end of the harness screw is fixedly arranged on the sixth support plate 307 f; the sixth support plate 307f, the seventh support plate 307g and the fifth support plate 307e are fixedly connected by threaded cylindrical pins.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, the Y-axis rotating unit is assembled in a similar manner and on a similar principle to the X-axis rotating unit.
The support unit 2 includes a tripod 201 and casters 202; casters 202 are arranged on the bottom support legs of the tripod 201; the top of the tripod 201 is fixedly provided with a flange 203 through jackscrews; the flange 203 is fixedly connected with the eighth timing pulley 302 h.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the tripod 201 is fixedly installed with a flange 203 by a jackscrew, and the flange 203 is fixed with an eighth synchronous pulley 302h in the rotating unit 3, thereby rotating the rotating unit 3 and the photovoltaic panel assembly 1 about the support unit 2 in a fixed axis.
The detection unit also comprises an AD converter and a GPS module; the first precise angular position sensor 401a and the second precise angular position sensor 401b convert the axial angular displacement amounts of the first optical axis 305a and the second optical axis 305b into electric signals, and then perform analog-to-digital conversion through an AD converter and input the electric signals into a control unit; reflecting the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel 101 and judging whether the output angle is correct; the GPS module is used for acquiring altitude, date, time and regional longitude and latitude information of the current position.
The control unit comprises a controller, wherein the controller receives the input of the GPS module, calculates the current solar azimuth angle and the altitude angle according to the tracking of the sun orbit, calculates the control pulse of the first motor 301a and the second motor 301b according to the solar azimuth angle and the altitude angle, and inputs the control pulse to the motor driving module; the input end of the motor driving module is connected with the I/O port of the controller, and the output end of the motor driving module is electrically connected with the first motor 301a and the second motor 301b; the controller is also electrically connected with the power module.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the input amount of the controller includes altitude, date, time, latitude and longitude of the region input by the GPS module, and the rotation amount of the photovoltaic panel input by the precise angular displacement sensor; the GPS module is connected to the input end through an external antenna, the output end is connected to a serial port of the controller, and the altitude, date, time and regional longitude and latitude are input to the controller through a USART; the precise angular displacement sensor comprises a first precise angular displacement sensor 401a and a second precise angular displacement sensor 401b, wherein the first precise angular displacement sensor 401a is used as a detection device for the axial rotation angle displacement of the photovoltaic panel around the X axis, and the second precise angular displacement sensor 401b is used as a detection device for the axial rotation angle displacement of the photovoltaic panel around the Y axis; the precise angular displacement sensor consists of two precise electrodeless potentiometers, is connected with the rotating shaft of the photovoltaic panel 101, and the photovoltaic panel 101 is fixed on the rotating shaft, so that the angular displacement of the axial rotation of the rotating shaft, namely the angular displacement of the axial rotation of the photovoltaic panel, is consistent with the rotation of the precise electrodeless potentiometers, and analog signals can be converted into digital signals through an ADC (analog-to-digital) conversion chip to be input to an I/O (input/output) interface of the controller. The controller receives the input of the GPS module, calculates the current solar azimuth angle and the altitude according to the sun orbit tracking, calculates the control pulse of the motor according to the solar azimuth angle and the altitude, and inputs the control pulse to the motor driving module; the input end of the motor driving module is connected with the I/O port of the controller, and the output end is connected with the two motors.
As shown in fig. 8, the GPS module acquires altitude, date, time and longitude and latitude information of the current position after the device is started, and determines whether the sunset time has elapsed, if the sunset time has not elapsed, i.e. the current time is in daytime, the controller calculates a pulse signal input to the motor driving module, and drives the motor to make the photovoltaic panel rotate to the current direct solar radiation point, and simultaneously starts tracking; if the sunset time is over, the position corresponding to the photovoltaic panel at the second sunrise time is calculated, the controller determines the motor control angle and inputs signals to the motor driving module, the driving motor rotates to the corresponding position, error correction and angle correction are performed, meanwhile, the sleep mode is entered, whether the sunrise time is reached or not is judged, if the sunrise time is reached, the wake-up device starts tracking, and if the sunrise time is not reached, the sleep mode is continued.
The specific first motor 301a and the specific second motor 301b adopt German FAULTABER 2342024CR direct-current miniature motors, a motor speed reducer adopts FAULTABER 165359 planetary speed reducer, the reduction ratio is 66:1, and a motor encoder adopts HEDS-5540; the first and fifth synchronous pulleys 302a and 302e employ MXL-2011AF, the second and sixth synchronous pulleys 302b and 302fMXL-11BF, the third and seventh synchronous pulleys 302c and 302g employ T5-1211AF, and the fourth and eighth synchronous pulleys 302d and 302h employ T5-6011AF; the first double-shaft speed reducer 303a and the second double-shaft speed reducer 303b adopt PLZ36-100G double-shaft planetary speed reducers; the first precise angular displacement sensor 401a and the second precise angular displacement sensor 401b adopt HCP-50 precise electrodeless potentiometers; the controller adopts ATMEGA328P; the GPS module adopts ATK1218-BD; AD converter employs ADs1115.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An automatic tracking device for a photovoltaic panel, comprising:
a photovoltaic panel assembly (1), the photovoltaic panel assembly (1) being used for fixedly mounting a photovoltaic panel (101);
the support unit (2) is used for realizing ground support of the photovoltaic panel assembly (1);
a rotating unit (3), the rotating unit (3) being used for enabling heliostat tracking of the photovoltaic panel assembly (1); the rotating unit (3) comprises an X-axis rotating unit and a Y-axis rotating unit; the X-axis rotating unit is fixedly connected with the photovoltaic panel assembly (1), and the Y-axis rotating unit is fixedly connected with the supporting unit (2);
the detection unit and the control unit are both arranged on the rotating unit (3); the control unit is used for calculating the current sun azimuth angle and the altitude angle according to the sun-viewing track, and controlling the rotating unit (3) to adjust and realize sun tracking of the photovoltaic panel (101) through the state of the input unit of the detecting unit.
2. The photovoltaic panel auto-tracking apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the photovoltaic panel assembly (1) further comprises a photovoltaic panel fixing frame (102), a frame supporting frame (103) and an optical axis fixing frame (105); the photovoltaic panel (101) is fixedly arranged in the photovoltaic panel fixing frame (102); at least two frame supporting frames (103) are fixedly arranged on the photovoltaic panel fixing frame (102) through bolts;
the frame support frames (103) are parallel to each other; each frame supporting frame (103) is in pin connection with the optical axis fixing frame (105); each optical axis fixing frame (105) is closely mounted on a first optical axis (305 a) of the X-axis rotating unit.
3. The photovoltaic panel auto-tracking apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the X-axis rotating unit is arranged above the Y-axis rotating unit; the X-axis rotating unit includes a first motor (301 a); the first motor (301 a) is fixed on the second supporting plate (307 b), and the output end of the first motor (301 a) is fixedly connected with the first synchronous belt wheel (302 a); the first synchronous pulley (302 a) and the second synchronous pulley (302 b) are in transmission connection; the second synchronous pulley (302 b) is arranged on an input shaft of the first double-shaft speed reducer (303 a);
a third synchronous pulley (302 c) is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the first double-shaft speed reducer (303 a), and the third synchronous pulley (302 c) is in transmission connection with a fourth synchronous pulley (302 d) through a synchronous belt; the fourth synchronous pulley (302 d) is fixed on the first optical axis (305 a); the first optical axis (305 a) is also provided with a first bearing assembly (304 a) and a second bearing assembly (304 b); the first bearing assembly (304 a) and the second bearing assembly (304 b) are fixedly mounted on a first support plate (307 a) and the second support plate (307 b), respectively;
one end of the first optical axis (305 a) is also connected with a first precise angular displacement sensor (401 a) in the detection unit through a first coupler (306 a), so that the angular displacement of the photovoltaic panel (101) rotating around the first optical axis (305 a) is precisely detected; the first coupling (306 a) is disposed between the second support plate (307 b) and the third support plate (307 c).
4. A photovoltaic panel auto-tracking apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first support plate (307 a), the second support plate (307 b) and the third support plate (307 c) are fixedly connected through threaded cylindrical pins; a fourth support plate (307 d) is also arranged between the end part of the first support plate (307 a) and the end part of the third support plate (307 c) in a threaded manner; the fourth support plate (307 d) is horizontally arranged relative to the ground, and the Y-axis rotating unit is installed at the bottom of the fourth support plate (307 d).
5. The photovoltaic panel auto-tracking apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the Y-axis rotating unit comprises a second motor (301 b); the second motor (301 b) is fixed on the fourth support plate (307 d); a fifth synchronous pulley (302 e) is fixedly arranged at the output end of the second motor (301 b); the fifth synchronous pulley (302 e) is in transmission connection with the sixth synchronous pulley (302 f) through a synchronous belt; the sixth synchronous pulley (302 f) is arranged on the input shaft of the second double-shaft speed reducer (303 b), and a seventh synchronous pulley (302 g) is fixedly arranged on the output shaft of the second double-shaft speed reducer (303 b); the seventh synchronous pulley (302 g) is in transmission connection with the eighth synchronous pulley (302 h) through a synchronous belt; the eighth synchronous pulley (302 h) is fixed at the bottom of the second optical axis (305 b);
a third bearing assembly (304 c) and a fourth bearing assembly (304 d) are also mounted on the second optical axis (305 b); the third bearing assembly (304 c) and the fourth bearing assembly (304 d) are fixedly mounted on a seventh support plate (307 g) and a sixth support plate (307 f), respectively;
the second double-shaft speed reducer (303 b) is fixed between a seventh support plate (307 g) and a sixth support plate (307 f); the top end of the second optical axis (305 b) sequentially penetrates through the seventh supporting plate (307 g) and the sixth supporting plate (307 f), and the top of the sixth supporting plate (307 f) is connected with a second precise angular displacement sensor (401 b) in the detection unit through a second coupler (306 b), so that the angular displacement of the photovoltaic panel rotating around the second optical axis (305 b) is precisely detected; the second precise angular displacement sensor (401 b) is fixed on the top surface of the fifth supporting plate (307 e).
6. The photovoltaic panel auto-tracking apparatus of claim 5, wherein: three tapping holes are respectively formed in the bottom surface of the first supporting plate (307 a) and the bottom surface of the third supporting plate (307 c); the harness screw penetrates through the sixth supporting plate (307 f), one end of the harness screw is fixedly arranged on the first supporting plate (307 a) or the third supporting plate (307 c), and the other end of the harness screw is fixedly arranged on the sixth supporting plate (307 f); the sixth support plate (307 f), the seventh support plate (307 g) and the fifth support plate (307 e) are fixedly connected through threaded cylindrical pins.
7. The photovoltaic panel auto-tracking apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the support unit (2) comprises a tripod (201) and casters (202); the casters (202) are arranged on the bottom support legs of the tripod (201); the top of the tripod (201) is fixedly provided with a flange (203) through jackscrews; the flange (203) is fixedly connected with the eighth synchronous pulley (302 h).
8. The photovoltaic panel auto-tracking apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the detection unit also comprises an AD converter and a GPS module; the first precise angular displacement sensor (401 a) and the second precise angular displacement sensor (401 b) convert axial angular displacement of the first optical axis (305 a) and the second optical axis (305 b) into electric signals, and then pass through the AD converter, perform analog-to-digital conversion and input into the control unit; reflecting the rotation angle of the photovoltaic panel (101) and judging whether the output angle is correct or not; the GPS module is used for acquiring altitude, date, time and regional longitude and latitude information of the current position.
9. The photovoltaic panel auto-tracking apparatus of claim 8, wherein: the control unit comprises a controller, wherein the controller is used for calculating the current solar azimuth angle and the altitude angle according to the sun orbit tracking after receiving the input of the GPS module, calculating the control pulse of the first motor (301 a) and the control pulse of the second motor (301 b) according to the solar azimuth angle and the altitude angle, and inputting the control pulse to the motor driving module; the input end of the motor driving module is connected with an I/O port of the controller, and the output end of the motor driving module is electrically connected with the first motor (301 a) and the second motor (301 b); the controller is also electrically connected with the power module.
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| CN202211443956.XA CN116430909A (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2022-11-18 | Automatic tracking device for photovoltaic panel |
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| CN202211443956.XA CN116430909A (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2022-11-18 | Automatic tracking device for photovoltaic panel |
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