CN116427417A - Construction method and system for controlling disturbance of existing adjacent pipelines in foundation pit excavation - Google Patents
Construction method and system for controlling disturbance of existing adjacent pipelines in foundation pit excavation Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
- F16L1/024—Laying or reclaiming pipes on land, e.g. above the ground
- F16L1/06—Accessories therefor, e.g. anchors
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method and a system for controlling disturbance of existing nearby pipelines in foundation pit excavation, comprising the following steps: firstly, counting the shape of a boundary line of a foundation pit unit boundary, which is close to a pipeline, before construction, then, arranging support rods with different distribution densities in the area from the bottom of the pipeline to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary so as to realize the important protection of partial areas, and then, paving a mechanical protection plate on the basis of the support rods; the shape of the boundary line of the mechanical protection plate, which is close to one side of the foundation pit, is consistent with that of the boundary line of the foundation pit unit, a plurality of U-shaped hooks are inserted into the pipeline at uneven intervals, and the U-shaped hooks are used for fixing the pipeline on a wall body at one side.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method and a system for controlling disturbance of existing nearby pipelines in foundation pit excavation.
Background
In the existing method for disturbing construction of adjacent pipelines, for example, patent document CN109972666B discloses that in the existing method for disturbing construction of adjacent pipelines, a steel spline is firstly arranged on one side of the foundation pit, then a corresponding reinforcing area is arranged on the basis of the steel spline, and a certain mechanical structure such as a steel plate is arranged to reinforce the steel spline, so that the influence on the pipelines in construction is minimum, but problems still exist in specific application, the main problems are that the cost of the existing technology is high and the effect is relatively poor, the relative position of the pipelines and the foundation pit is random, namely, the positions of the pipelines and the foundation pit are often irregular, in the prior art, in the process of determining the steel spline and the reinforcing area, the construction is often carried out in a relatively regular mode, so that a plurality of steel spline or related reinforcing structures are unnecessary, the important protection area cannot be reinforced, the cost of the reinforcing area is greatly increased, and the important protection effect is not increased, and the protection effect is relatively poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method and a system for controlling disturbance of an existing nearby pipeline in foundation pit excavation so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a construction method for controlling disturbance of existing nearby pipelines in foundation pit excavation comprises the following steps,
firstly, counting the shape of a boundary line of a foundation pit unit boundary, which is close to a pipeline, before construction, then, arranging support rods with different distribution densities in the area from the bottom of the pipeline to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary so as to realize the important protection of partial areas, and then, paving a mechanical protection plate on the basis of the support rods; the shape of the boundary line of the mechanical protection plate, which is close to one side of the foundation pit, is consistent with that of the boundary line of the foundation pit unit, a plurality of U-shaped hooks are inserted into the pipeline at uneven intervals, and the U-shaped hooks are used for fixing the pipeline on a wall body at one side.
When the U-shaped hooks are arranged, the stress of the segmented inclined pipelines is determined according to the inclination angle of the pipelines after the segmentation and the specific inclination length of each segment of pipelines, and the intervals of the U-shaped hooks are adjusted on the basis of the stress condition.
The method comprises the steps of determining the stress of the segmented inclined pipelines according to the inclination angle of the pipelines after segmentation and the specific inclination length of each segment of pipelines, adjusting the interval of the U-shaped hooks on the basis of the stress condition, specifically calculating the inclination length of each segmented inclined pipeline, then calculating the weight of the segmented pipeline according to the calculated weight of the pipeline with unit length, then calculating the friction force distribution of the pipelines after segmentation relative to a wall body according to the inclination angle of the pipelines after segmentation, adjusting the interval of the U-shaped hooks, specifically determining that the sum of the supporting forces of all the U-shaped hooks to the pipelines is larger than the difference between the gravity and the friction force of the segmented pipelines, and ensuring that more than half of the U-shaped hooks are distributed in the gravity center area of the pipelines. The gravity center area of the pipeline is specifically that a circle is drawn on the pipeline by taking the gravity center point of the pipeline as the circle center and taking the length L as the radius, and the area in the circle is the circle inner area of the circle; the length L is in particular one quarter of the length of the pipeline.
The method comprises the steps of setting supporting rods with different distribution densities in the area from the bottom of a pipeline to the boundary line of a foundation pit unit to realize the protection of the key of a part of the area, specifically, establishing an influence function of each supporting rod on the protection effect of the foundation pit unit, wherein the input quantity of the influence function is the coordinate position of a reference point of a target supporting rod relative to the foundation pit unit, and the output quantity of the influence function is the quantitative value of the positive influence effect of the target supporting rod on the protection of the foundation pit unit after the coordinate position of the target supporting rod is determined; then, in the case where the support rods are uniformly laid on the bottom of the mechanical protection plate, on the basis that the minimum protection requirement of the foundation pit unit boundary can be satisfied, the coordinate position of each support rod and the number of support rods are calculated, and in this case, a first integrated amount Q1 obtained by integrating the quantized value of the protection positive influence effect of the support rods on the basis of the function fitted with the trajectory corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary is calculated, then the support rods are unevenly laid on the lower part of the mechanical protection plate, and second integrated amounts Q2, Q2 of all the support rods on the basis of the reference function corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary in each uneven distribution case are calculated as dynamic values, then, the difference between Q2 and Q1 is calculated, and when Q1 is smaller than Q2 and the difference between them is the largest, the uneven laying distribution of the support rods corresponding to Q2 in this case is determined, and the uneven laying distribution of the support rods corresponding to Q2 in this case is specifically arranged as a preferable arrangement.
The construction system for controlling disturbance of the existing nearby pipelines comprises U-shaped hooks, mechanical protection plates and supporting rods, wherein the supporting rods are arranged in the area from the bottom of the pipeline to the boundary line of a foundation pit unit, and the mechanical protection plates are paved on the basis of the supporting rods; the U-shaped hook is used for fixing the pipeline on a side wall body.
The system also comprises a computer system, wherein the computer system is used for operation, and the specific operation is as follows: establishing an influence function of each supporting rod on the protection effect of the foundation pit unit boundary, wherein the input quantity of the influence function is the coordinate position of a reference point of the target supporting rod relative to the foundation pit unit boundary, and the output quantity of the influence function is the quantized value of the protection positive influence effect of the target supporting rod on the foundation pit unit boundary after the coordinate position of the target supporting rod is determined; then, in the case where the support rods are uniformly laid on the bottom of the mechanical protection plate, on the basis that the minimum protection requirement of the foundation pit unit boundary can be satisfied, the coordinate position of each support rod and the number of support rods are calculated, and in this case, a first integrated amount Q1 obtained by integrating the quantized value of the protection positive influence effect of the support rods on the basis of the function fitted with the trajectory corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary is calculated, then the support rods are unevenly laid on the lower part of the mechanical protection plate, and second integrated amounts Q2, Q2 of all the support rods on the basis of the reference function corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary in each uneven distribution case are calculated as dynamic values, then the difference between Q2 and Q1 is calculated, and when Q1 is smaller than Q2 and the difference between them is the largest, the uneven laying distribution of the support rods corresponding to Q2 in this case is determined, and the uneven laying distribution of the support rods corresponding to Q2 in this case is regarded as the distribution of the support rods which are specifically arranged in a preferable arrangement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the utility model discloses a can set up the bracing piece of different distribution density in the bottom of pipeline to the region of foundation ditch unit border line in order to accomplish the protection of partial region key to lay mechanical protection board and insert a plurality of U type hooks in interval and also can accomplish the protection to the partial region key, can obviously improve the effect of protection and reduce the cost through this sample application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a construction system for controlling disturbance of existing adjacent pipelines in foundation pit excavation.
In the figure, a pipeline 100, a U-shaped hook 200, a mechanical protection plate 300, a supporting rod 301 and a foundation pit unit boundary 302 are shown.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The application discloses a construction method for controlling disturbance of existing adjacent pipelines in foundation pit excavation, referring to fig. 1, which comprises the steps of firstly counting the shape of a boundary line of a foundation pit unit boundary 302 close to a pipeline 100 before construction, then arranging support rods 301 with different distribution densities in the area from the bottom of the pipeline 100 to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary 302 to achieve protection of partial area emphasis, and then paving a mechanical protection plate 300 on the basis of the support rods 301; the shape of the boundary line of the mechanical protection plate 300 near the side of the foundation pit is consistent with the shape of the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary 302, a plurality of U-shaped hooks 200 are inserted into the pipeline 100 at uneven intervals, and the U-shaped hooks 200 are used for fixing the pipeline 100 on a wall body at one side. The support rods 301 with different distribution densities can be arranged in the area from the bottom of the pipeline 100 to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary 302 so as to realize the protection of the key points of the partial area, the mechanical protection plate 300 is paved, a plurality of U-shaped hooks 200 are inserted at intervals, and the protection of the key points of the partial area can be realized.
Preferably, when the U-shaped hooks 200 are set, the stress of the segmented inclined pipeline 100 is determined according to the inclination angle of the pipeline 100 after the segmentation and the specific inclination length of each segment of pipeline 100, and the interval between the U-shaped hooks 200 is adjusted based on the stress condition. The stress of the segmented inclined pipeline 100 is determined according to the inclination angle of the pipeline 100 after segmentation and the specific inclined length of each segment of pipeline 100, the interval of the U-shaped hooks 200 is adjusted based on the stress condition, the inclined length of each segmented inclined pipeline 100 is specifically calculated, then the weight of the segmented pipeline 100 is calculated according to the calculated weight of the pipeline 100 with unit length, then the friction force distribution of the pipeline 100 relative to the wall body after segmentation is calculated according to the inclination angle of the pipeline 100 after segmentation, the interval of the U-shaped hooks 200 is specifically adjusted to determine that the sum of the supporting forces of all the U-shaped hooks 200 to the pipeline 100 is larger than the difference between the gravity and the friction force of the segmented pipeline 100, and more than half of the U-shaped hooks 200 are distributed in the gravity center area of the pipeline 100. The gravity center area of the pipeline 100 is specifically a circle drawn by taking the gravity center point of the pipeline 100 as a circle center and taking the length L as a radius on the pipeline 100, and the circle is an area in the circle; the length L is specifically one-fourth of the length of the pipeline 100.
Preferably, the "setting up support rods 301 with different distribution densities in the area from the bottom of the pipeline 100 to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary 302 to achieve the protection of the focus of the partial area" is specific, and an influence function of each support rod 301 on the protection of the foundation pit unit boundary 302 is established, wherein the input quantity of the influence function is the coordinate position of the reference point of the target support rod 301 relative to the foundation pit unit boundary 302, and the output quantity of the influence function is the quantized value of the positive influence effect of the protection of the target support rod 301 on the foundation pit unit boundary 302 after the coordinate position of the target support rod 301 is determined; then, in the case where the support rods 301 are uniformly laid on the bottom of the mechanical protection plate 300, on the basis that the minimum protection requirement of the foundation pit unit boundary 302 can be satisfied, the coordinate position of each support rod 301 and the number of support rods 301 are calculated, and in this case, a first integrated amount Q1 obtained by integrating the quantized value of the protection positive influence effect of the support rods 301 on the basis of the function fitted with the trajectory corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary 302 is calculated, and then the support rods 301 are unevenly laid on the lower portion of the mechanical protection plate 300, and a second integrated amount Q2, Q2 of all the support rods 301 on the basis of the reference function corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary 302 in each uneven distribution case is calculated as a dynamic value, then, the difference value between Q2 and Q1 is calculated, and when Q1 is smaller than Q2, and the difference value between them is the case, the uneven laying distribution of the support rods 301 corresponding to Q2 in this case is determined, and the uneven distribution of the support rods 301 corresponding to Q2 in this case is as the distribution of the uneven distribution of the support rods 301 in this case is specifically laid as the preferable arrangement.
The application also discloses a related system, as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a U-shaped hook 200, a mechanical protection plate 300 and a supporting rod 301, wherein the supporting rod 301 is used for being arranged in the area from the bottom of the pipeline 100 to the boundary line of a foundation pit unit 302, and the mechanical protection plate 300 is used for being paved on the basis of the supporting rod 301; the U-shaped hook 200 is used to secure the pipeline 100 to a side wall. Preferably further comprising a computer system for performing the operations, the specific operations: establishing an influence function of the protection effect of each supporting rod 301 on the foundation pit unit boundary 302, wherein the input quantity of the influence function is the coordinate position of a reference point of the target supporting rod 301 relative to the foundation pit unit boundary 302, and the output quantity of the influence function is the quantized value of the protection positive influence effect of the target supporting rod 301 on the foundation pit unit boundary 302 after the coordinate position of the target supporting rod 301 is determined; then, in the case where the support rods 301 are uniformly laid on the bottom of the mechanical protection plate 300, on the basis that the minimum protection requirement of the foundation pit unit boundary 302 can be satisfied, the coordinate position of each support rod 301 and the number of support rods 301 are calculated, and in this case, a first integrated amount Q1, which integrates the quantized value of the protection positive influence effect of the support rods 301 on the basis of the function fitted with the trajectory corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary 302, is calculated, and then the support rods 301 are unevenly laid on the lower portion of the mechanical protection plate 300, and a second integrated amount Q2, which is the dynamic value, of all the support rods 301 on the basis of the reference function corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary 302 in each uneven distribution case, is calculated, and then the difference value between Q2 and Q1 is calculated, and when Q1 is smaller than Q2, and the difference value between them is the case is the largest, the uneven laying distribution of the support rods 301 corresponding in this case is determined, and the uneven laying distribution of the support rods 301 corresponding in this case is specifically laid as the distribution of the preferable arrangement.
Claims (7)
1. The construction method for controlling disturbance of the existing nearby pipelines by foundation pit excavation is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, counting the shape of a boundary line of a foundation pit unit boundary, which is close to a pipeline, before construction, then, arranging support rods with different distribution densities in the area from the bottom of the pipeline to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary so as to realize the important protection of partial areas, and then, paving a mechanical protection plate on the basis of the support rods; the shape of the boundary line of the mechanical protection plate, which is close to one side of the foundation pit, is consistent with that of the boundary line of the foundation pit unit, a plurality of U-shaped hooks are inserted into the pipeline at uneven intervals, and the U-shaped hooks are used for fixing the pipeline on a wall body at one side.
2. The method for controlling disturbance of existing nearby pipelines in foundation pit excavation according to claim 1, wherein when the U-shaped hooks are arranged, the stress of the segmented inclined pipelines is determined according to the inclination angle of the pipelines after segmentation and the specific inclination length of each segment of pipelines, and the intervals of the U-shaped hooks are adjusted on the basis of the stress condition.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stress of the sectioned inclined pipelines is determined according to the inclination angle of the pipelines after the sections and the specific inclination length of each section of pipelines, the interval of the U-shaped hooks is adjusted based on the stress condition, the inclination length of each sectioned inclined pipeline is calculated specifically, then the weight of each sectioned pipeline is calculated according to the calculated weight of the pipeline with unit length, the friction force distribution of the pipelines after the sections relative to the wall is calculated according to the inclination angle of the pipelines after the sections, the interval of the U-shaped hooks is adjusted specifically, the sum of the supporting forces of all the U-shaped hooks to the pipelines is determined to be larger than the difference between the gravity and the friction force of the sectioned pipelines, and more than half of the U-shaped hooks are ensured to be distributed in the center of gravity area of the pipelines.
4. A method of constructing a foundation pit excavation control system for disturbance of an existing adjacent pipeline according to claim 3, wherein the center of gravity region of the pipeline is a region within a circle drawn by taking the length L as a radius and the center of gravity of the pipeline as the center of the circle; the length L is in particular one quarter of the length of the pipeline.
5. The construction method for controlling disturbance of existing nearby pipelines in foundation pit excavation according to claim 1, wherein the step of setting supporting rods with different distribution densities in the area from the bottom of the pipeline to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary to achieve protection of the key of the partial area is specific, and an influence function of each supporting rod on the protection effect of the foundation pit unit boundary is established, wherein the input quantity of the influence function is the coordinate position of a reference point of a target supporting rod relative to the foundation pit unit boundary, and the output quantity of the influence function is the quantitative value of the positive influence effect of the target supporting rod on the protection of the foundation pit unit boundary after the coordinate position of the target supporting rod is determined; then, in the case where the support rods are uniformly laid on the bottom of the mechanical protection plate, on the basis that the minimum protection requirement of the foundation pit unit boundary can be satisfied, the coordinate position of each support rod and the number of support rods are calculated, and in this case, a first integrated amount Q1 obtained by integrating the quantized value of the protection positive influence effect of the support rods on the basis of the function fitted with the trajectory corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary is calculated, then the support rods are unevenly laid on the lower part of the mechanical protection plate, and second integrated amounts Q2, Q2 of all the support rods on the basis of the reference function corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary in each uneven distribution case are calculated as dynamic values, then, the difference between Q2 and Q1 is calculated, and when Q1 is smaller than Q2 and the difference between them is the largest, the uneven laying distribution of the support rods corresponding to Q2 in this case is determined, and the uneven laying distribution of the support rods corresponding to Q2 in this case is specifically arranged as a preferable arrangement.
6. The construction system for controlling disturbance of the existing nearby pipelines in foundation pit excavation is characterized by comprising U-shaped hooks, mechanical protection plates and supporting rods, wherein the supporting rods are arranged in the area from the bottom of the pipelines to boundary lines of foundation pit unit boundaries, and the mechanical protection plates are paved on the basis of the supporting rods; the U-shaped hook is used for fixing the pipeline on a side wall body.
7. The foundation pit excavation control system of claim 6, further comprising a computer system for computing, in particular: establishing an influence function of each supporting rod on the protection effect of the foundation pit unit boundary, wherein the input quantity of the influence function is the coordinate position of a reference point of the target supporting rod relative to the foundation pit unit boundary, and the output quantity of the influence function is the quantized value of the protection positive influence effect of the target supporting rod on the foundation pit unit boundary after the coordinate position of the target supporting rod is determined; then, in the case where the support rods are uniformly laid on the bottom of the mechanical protection plate, on the basis that the minimum protection requirement of the foundation pit unit boundary can be satisfied, the coordinate position of each support rod and the number of support rods are calculated, and in this case, a first integrated amount Q1 obtained by integrating the quantized value of the protection positive influence effect of the support rods on the basis of the function fitted with the trajectory corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary is calculated, then the support rods are unevenly laid on the lower part of the mechanical protection plate, and second integrated amounts Q2, Q2 of all the support rods on the basis of the reference function corresponding to the boundary line of the foundation pit unit boundary in each uneven distribution case are calculated as dynamic values, then the difference between Q2 and Q1 is calculated, and when Q1 is smaller than Q2 and the difference between them is the largest, the uneven laying distribution of the support rods corresponding to Q2 in this case is determined, and the uneven laying distribution of the support rods corresponding to Q2 in this case is regarded as the distribution of the support rods which are specifically arranged in a preferable arrangement.
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| CN202310244526.3A CN116427417B (en) | 2023-03-15 | 2023-03-15 | Construction method and system for controlling disturbance of existing adjacent pipelines in foundation pit excavation |
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| CN103046532A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-17 | 中国建筑西南勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Variable stiffness leveling prestressed pipe pile compound foundation |
| CN109914480A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-06-21 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of structural system for solving underground structure and conflicting with municipal pipeline |
| CN109972666A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-05 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第四工程有限公司 | Excavation of subway foundation pit controls the existing construction method for closing on pipeline disturbance |
| CN113802622A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-12-17 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Method for monitoring construction safety of deep foundation pit near railway |
| WO2021262223A1 (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-30 | Ramesh Chandra Gupta | Rapid consolidation and compaction method for soil improvement of various layers of soils and intermediate geomaterials in a soil deposit |
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2023
- 2023-03-15 CN CN202310244526.3A patent/CN116427417B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103046532A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-17 | 中国建筑西南勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Variable stiffness leveling prestressed pipe pile compound foundation |
| CN109914480A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-06-21 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of structural system for solving underground structure and conflicting with municipal pipeline |
| CN109972666A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-07-05 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第四工程有限公司 | Excavation of subway foundation pit controls the existing construction method for closing on pipeline disturbance |
| WO2021262223A1 (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-30 | Ramesh Chandra Gupta | Rapid consolidation and compaction method for soil improvement of various layers of soils and intermediate geomaterials in a soil deposit |
| CN113802622A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-12-17 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Method for monitoring construction safety of deep foundation pit near railway |
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Effective date of registration: 20240405 Address after: 321000 Ma Zhai Village, Ma Zhai Town, Dongyang City, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province (self declared) Applicant after: Zhejiang Juxian Construction Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: No. 20, Huangcun Sanlian Road, Huangcun Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510660 (part: 203-7, A2 floor) Applicant before: GUANGZHOU WANGOU CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING DESIGN CO.,LTD. Country or region before: China |
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