CN116410933A - 一种用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法和应用。该细胞的SLCO1B3基因位点插入EAV‑HP基因,插入序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,并具有瞬时表达的绿色荧光蛋白标记。该细胞由如下方法获得:从需保种的绿壳蛋鸡品系的胚胎中分离性腺并胰酶消化,经差速贴壁法分离和提纯原始生殖细胞,通过腺病毒载体转入绿色荧光蛋白基因。该细胞可在液氮中低成本地长期保存。将该细胞显微注射入白莱航鸡胚,孵化后可获得嵌合体鸡,该嵌合体鸡的后代中可重新获得上述需要保种的绿壳蛋鸡品系活体。本发明在绿壳蛋鸡品系资源的低成本保种中具有重大应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及地方绿壳蛋鸡的保种与育种领域,具体而言,涉及一种用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法和应用。
背景技术
全世界共有超过200亿只鸡,因具有生长快,产蛋多,肉质鲜美,营养价值高,蛋白质含量丰富等特点,成为我国肉类的第二大来源。同时鸡也是一种极为重要的家禽资源,在各个领域发挥着大量作用,鸡蛋鸡胚和成鸡也是优秀的病理生理实验对象。每一次鸡品系改良或创造总能产生巨大影响和价值,优秀的鸡品系也是重要的战略资源。
不同地方有各具特色的地方鸡品系,其中绿壳蛋鸡是所有产绿壳蛋鸡品系的统称,包括长顺绿壳蛋鸡、五黑鸡、三峡黑鸡等,这些鸡的肉中含有各种维生素和微量元素,胆固酸含量低;鸡蛋蛋白浓厚,蛋黄橘黄,含有大量的矿物质、卵磷脂、维生素和微量元素,是健康天然的高质量食品。此外,其蓝绿色的蛋壳颜色也使其鸡蛋产品具有较高的市场定价。同时这些绿壳蛋鸡也是我国独有的家鸡品系,在我国有超过1000年的饲养历史,可能存在着一些我们尚未发现的优秀基因。然而目前这些绿壳蛋鸡品系比起市场上常见的莱航鸡、三黄鸡等等品系饲养成本较高,生长周期长,存在种群衰减的风险。因此使用一种高效的保种方法来保存这些珍贵的地方鸡品系,防止其灭绝消失是很有必要的。
传统动物遗传资源保护通常有两种方法:一种是直接保护活种群,即将活体动物饲养保存,但这种方法成本高,需要较大的完善场地,并且为了防止种群衰退还要求饲养大量个体,并且面临传染病、自然灾害等突发问题。另一种是遗传物质冷冻保种法,即在液氮中冷冻保存活卵、胚胎或精液,这是目前最常用、最被人接受的保种法。遗传物质冷冻可以节约空间,无需饲养成本,避免微生物污染,实现长久化保种;这种方法也便于运输,使国际种质资源交流共享成为可能。然而鸡与哺乳动物不同,性别为ZW型,即雄性性染色体为ZZ而雌性为ZW,只冷冻精子会导致W染色体的缺失,而鸡的卵细胞难以获得且不适合低温保存。此外,鸡精子解冻后的配种效果也不如其他物种。
鸡原始生殖细胞是鸡的生殖干细胞,呈圆形,比普通细胞更大,细胞内偏碱性,经糖原PAS染色后呈现橙红色。在EG&K第X期时集中在胚盘明区中央,在HH第10期时集中于生殖新月区并进入血液循环,HH第15期开始聚集于间中胚层,该区域逐渐发育为性腺。鸡原始生殖细胞能够在性腺中分化为精原细胞和卵原细胞,从而将遗传信息传递给下一代。供体鸡鸡原始生殖细胞经过体外培养及分离后,在较好的培养条件下仍能保持其生物学特性,移植回受体鸡胚血管系统后可迁移到性腺并发育成功能性配子,从而将供体鸡遗传信息保留并传播给后代。经研究发现,利用供体鸡体内的原始生殖干细胞可以制备嵌合体鸡,原始生殖干细胞在嵌合体鸡体内能够发育为精子或卵子,进一步交配即可获得需要保种的活体动物。与活体动物相比,鸡原始生殖细胞容易进行液氮长期冻存,实现高效保种的目的。
利用鸡原始生殖细胞保种面临一个困难是鸡性腺中除了鸡原始生殖细胞外还含有成纤维细胞、结缔组织和血细胞等其他组织细胞,传统的分离方法需要在消化后使用显微操作技术在显微镜下挑选鸡原始生殖细胞将其分离,这种方法费时费力,且可能对鸡原始生殖细胞造成损伤,破坏其生物活性。本发明开发了一套新的鸡原始生殖细胞分离、纯化、培养、冻存、基因操作和胚胎移植的方法,本发明获得的鸡原始生殖细胞具有活性高、可追踪鉴定的优点,在绿壳蛋鸡的保种中具有较大的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法和应用,该鸡原始生殖细胞通过其不容易贴壁的特性为基础进行差速贴壁分离获得,并同时进行绿色荧光蛋白腺病毒载体转染使鸡原始生殖细胞具有可追溯、可鉴别的绿色荧光标记。以地方绿壳蛋鸡有不同于白莱航鸡的特征基因为基础进行鉴定,提供胚胎外周血管注射鸡原始生殖细胞的方法构建嵌合体鸡,为地方绿壳蛋鸡保种提供基础。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法,SLCO1B3基因位点中插入了EAV-HP基因,插入序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,并具有瞬时表达的绿色荧光蛋白标记。
所述的用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法,其获取方法包含以下步骤:
(1)鸡原始生殖细胞分离:以新鲜绿壳鸡蛋为供体,在鸡胚发育至132小时将性腺分离,性腺经胰蛋白酶消化成单细胞,用40μ细胞筛过滤后以每微升培养基包含900个细胞的密度进行培养;
(2)鸡原始生殖细胞荧光标记:在(1)的培养液中以MOI值为500加入带有绿色荧光蛋白基因的腺病毒载体对细胞进行转染;
(3)差速贴壁纯化鸡原始生殖细胞:在步骤(2)中细胞培养4小时后取上清液,经离心分离后获得的细胞沉淀即为差速贴壁法后提纯的经基因编辑携带绿色荧光蛋白基因的鸡原始生殖细胞。
鸡原始生殖细胞的培养基为含10%胎牛血清、5ng/μl重组人白血病抑制蛋白、10ng/μl重组人碱性成纤维生长蛋白、5ng/μl重组人胰岛素、20ng/μl鸡卵清白蛋白、1%青链霉素双抗的DMEM细胞培养基。
所述绿壳蛋供体的品系没有具体限制,该品系的SLCO1B3基因位点中具有EAV-HP基因插入,插入序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
所述获取方法得到的鸡原始生殖细胞的冻存方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照所述的培养基继续加入20%的二甲基亚砜配制成细胞冻存液,室温下使用冻存液以每微升5000个细胞的密度制备细胞悬浊液;
(2)每个冻存管中加入1毫升细胞冻存液按照4℃6小时、-20℃6小时、-40℃12小时、-80℃12小时进行梯度降温,最后置于液氮中长期冻存。
所述用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞获得嵌合体鸡的方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)将所述的鸡原始生殖细胞通过外周血管注射的方法注射入发育至60小时的白来航鸡胚中并继续孵化,注射细胞量为每个胚胎注射20000-30000个绿壳蛋鸡品系资源保护;
(2)嵌合体雏鸡鉴定:将步骤(1)的鸡蛋孵化,从蛋壳分离雏鸡尿囊膜,消化并提取基因组,通过特定引物进行PCR鉴别其是否为嵌合体;
(3)孵化的公鸡发育至成年后,采精提取基因组,使用特异性引物进行PCR鉴定,确定其转入的鸡原始生殖细胞可以正常发育为精子。
所述的获得嵌合体鸡的方法,所述的特异性引物包括以下引物对:
正向引物1如SEQ ID NO.2所示
正向引物2如SEQ ID NO.3所示
反向引物1如SEQ ID NO.4所示
反向引物2如SEQ ID NO.5所示
所述的方法获得的嵌合体鸡用于绿壳蛋鸡品系保种中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1.提纯鸡原始生殖细胞方法更简单,不需要更繁琐的分离条件。分离速度快,可以获得更加新鲜的鸡原始生殖细胞,减少体外操作时对鸡原始生殖细胞的损伤和影响,获得的鸡原始生殖细胞活性更高。
2.在分离鸡原始生殖细胞的同时对其引入荧光蛋白基因,通过绿色荧光蛋白的表达可以对该细胞进行追踪和鉴别。
3.本发明提供的鸡原始生殖细胞可以方便地通过液氮保存和复苏,与现有的活体保种法相比具有明显的成本优势。
4.本发明提供的鸡原始生殖细胞包括了ZW和WW两种性别基因型,与现有的冷冻精子保种法相比不会产生遗传漂变。
附图说明
图1用于鸡原始细胞分离的性腺发育状态。
图2分离纯化后的鸡原始生殖细胞外观。
图3通过腺病毒载体转染后具有绿色荧光标记的鸡原始生殖细胞。
图4移植鸡原始生殖细胞后孵化的嵌合体雏鸡。
图5用于PCR鉴定引物有效性测试。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞及其获取方法和应用,所涉及方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,所用原料如无特殊说明均为市售可得。
实施例1
本实施例为本发明所述的用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法一个实例,包括如下步骤:
荧光标记的鸡原始生殖细胞制备
(1)鸡原始生殖细胞分离纯化:挑选新鲜的五黑鸡和白莱航种蛋经清水清洗后钝端朝上置于自动孵化箱中,设定37.8℃,65%湿度,每小时转动幅度90°;
五黑鸡种蛋孵化132小时后从种蛋钝端敲开蛋壳用弯头镊子取出鸡胚,此时鸡胚的性腺发育形态如附图1所示。在显微镜下用弯头眼科镊将性腺分离并置于PBS中清洗一次除去血液,再将其放入装有1ml PBS的1.5ml离心管中收集;
将收集的性腺在1200rpm下离心5min使性腺沉淀,吸去PBS后加入胰蛋白酶在37℃水浴锅中水浴消化20分钟后用1000μL移液枪反复吹打至性腺完全消化为单细胞,再加入含10%胎牛血清和1%双抗的DMEM细胞培养基停止消化,在1200rpm下离心5min;
将上清液吸取后,加入含10%胎牛血清和1%双抗的DMEM细胞培养基重悬,用40μL细胞筛过滤细胞悬液一次除去细胞团和未消化的结缔组织;
将过滤后的细胞悬液在1200rpm下离心5min,弃上清液,分离纯化的鸡原始生殖细胞如附图2所示。
(2)鸡原始生殖细胞绿色荧光标记及差速贴壁法纯化:将步骤(1)获得的沉淀加入800μL含10%胎牛血清、5ng/μl重组人白血病抑制蛋白、10ng/μl重组人碱性成纤维生长蛋白、5ng/μl重组人胰岛素、20ng/μl鸡卵清白蛋白、1%青链霉素双抗的DMEM细胞培养基,置于24孔板的一个孔中,再向该孔中以MOI为2000的比例加入含绿色荧光蛋白基因的腺病毒载体以进行绿色荧光标记,在设定37℃,5%CO2细胞培养箱中培养4h;
4h后吸取培养液,在1200rpm下离心5min,弃上清液,用培养液重悬细胞沉淀制备成密度为每毫升7×106个细胞的悬液,即可获得绿色荧光标记的差速贴壁法纯化的鸡原始生殖细胞,绿色荧光标记的鸡原始生殖细胞在荧光显微镜下形态如附图3所示。
(3)鸡原始生殖细胞的冻存:按照步骤(2)所述的培养基配方继续加入20%的二甲基亚砜配制成细胞冻存液,室温下使用冻存液以每微升5000个细胞的密度制备细胞悬浊液,每个冻存管中加入1毫升细胞冻存液按照4℃6小时、-20℃6小时、-40℃12小时、-80℃12小时进行梯度降温,最后置于液氮中长期冻存。冻存的细胞需要解冻使用时,将含有细胞的冻存管置于37℃温水中解冻即可。
实施例2
本实施例为本发明所述的用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞获得嵌合体鸡的方法的一个实例,包含以下步骤:
利用鸡原始生殖细胞制备嵌合体鸡
(1)通过胚胎外周血管显微注射制备嵌合体鸡:准备3mm厚度泡棉双面胶,剪成3cm小段,并在中心位置打1.5cm孔洞制成双面胶圈;
用电磨头在孵化60h后的白莱航种蛋赤道面打直径5mm圆孔暴露处蛋壳膜,用酒精棉轻轻擦拭消毒,横向放置于体式显微镜下使开孔朝上,使用上述双面胶圈贴在开孔处使两个孔洞对齐,在双面胶圈孔洞中加入1ml含1%双抗的PBS水封;
使用11号碳钢刀片切开蛋壳膜,用直头镊子撕下蛋壳膜暴露蛋黄,翻动鸡蛋使鸡胚位于最上部,在显微镜下找到外周血管,使用毛细针管吸取准备好的细胞悬液,以3μL/每个蛋的量将细胞悬液注入鸡胚外周血管中。为防止细胞悬液沉降导致密度变化,因此每次吸取悬液前需用移液枪吹打混匀,保证细胞数量较为均衡。
注射完成后,用镊子将5mm×5mm封口胶片盖圆孔上,用干净的卫生纸吸除水封的PBS,再使用23号刀片切除双面胶圈,用第二张封口胶贴在第一张封口胶上,并用透明胶带将盖有封口胶的开孔密封,将白莱航鸡蛋钝端朝上放回自动孵化箱孵化;
(2)嵌合体鸡胚胎鉴定:在孵化中对嵌合体鸡胚进行鉴定以判断嵌合状态,最佳时机是在白莱航鸡蛋发育至180小时时,敲开蛋壳取出鸡胚,在显微镜下分离取样性腺并收集于装有PBS的培养皿中,在荧光显微镜下用蓝光照射取样性腺,显示有散在绿色光点,说明鸡原始生殖细胞迁移于性腺中。剩余的白莱航鸡蛋继续孵化至出壳。出壳的嵌合体鸡可通过毛色初步鉴别,即在白毛中混杂有少部分黑毛,其形态如附图4所示;
(3)嵌合体鸡PCR检测:雏鸡孵化后从蛋壳剥离尿囊膜消化,并对消化后的产物提取基因组进行巢式PCR检测,
按照以下反应体系进行第一轮PCR扩增,扩增条件为:95℃2min;95℃30s,53℃退火30s,72℃延伸40s,共30个循环;最后72℃延伸5min。反应体系如下表:
上述PCR反应的产物当做第二轮PCR的模板,继续扩增,扩增条件为:95℃2min;95℃30s,55℃退火30s,72℃延伸40s,共35个循环;72℃延伸5min。反应体系如下表:
样品在354bp处出现条带即为阳性。经试验验证,本发明的引物可对稀释10000倍的样品进行检测,可以满足极低嵌合率的嵌合体鸡的检测,PCR产物电泳结果如附图5所示。
以上所描述的实施例并不是全部实施例,所描述的实施例不能理解为对本发明的限制。凡利用本发明的技术方案在没有创造性的改变情况下,也应属于本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法,其特征在于,SLCO1B3基因位点中插入了EAV-HP基因,插入序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,并具有瞬时表达的绿色荧光蛋白标记。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法,其特征在于,其获取方法包含以下步骤:
(1)鸡原始生殖细胞分离:以新鲜绿壳鸡蛋为供体,在鸡胚发育至132小时将性腺分离,性腺经胰蛋白酶消化成单细胞,用40μ细胞筛过滤后以每微升培养基包含900个细胞的密度进行培养;
(2)鸡原始生殖细胞荧光标记:在(1)的培养液中以MOI值为500加入带有绿色荧光蛋白基因的腺病毒载体对细胞进行转染;
(3)差速贴壁纯化鸡原始生殖细胞:在步骤(2)中细胞培养4小时后取上清液,经离心分离后获得的细胞沉淀即为差速贴壁法后提纯的经基因编辑携带绿色荧光蛋白基因的鸡原始生殖细胞。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法,其特征在于,鸡原始生殖细胞的培养基为含10%胎牛血清、5ng/μl重组人白血病抑制蛋白、10ng/μl重组人碱性成纤维生长蛋白、5ng/μl重组人胰岛素、20ng/μl鸡卵清白蛋白、1%青链霉素双抗的DMEM细胞培养基。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞的获取方法,其特征在于,所述绿壳蛋供体的品系没有具体限制,该品系的SLCO1B3基因位点中具有EAV-HP基因插入,插入序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
5.根据权利要求1-2所述获取方法得到的鸡原始生殖细胞的冻存方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照所述的培养基继续加入20%的二甲基亚砜配制成细胞冻存液,室温下使用冻存液以每微升5000个细胞的密度制备细胞悬浊液;
(2)每个冻存管中加入1毫升细胞冻存液按照4℃6小时、-20℃6小时、-40℃12小时、-80℃12小时进行梯度降温,最后置于液氮中长期冻存。
6.使用权利要求1所述用于品系资源保种的鸡原始生殖细胞获得嵌合体鸡的方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
(1)将所述的鸡原始生殖细胞通过外周血管注射的方法注射入发育至60小时的白来航鸡胚中并继续孵化,注射细胞量为每个胚胎注射20000-30000个绿壳蛋鸡品系资源保护;
(2)嵌合体雏鸡鉴定:将步骤(1)的鸡蛋孵化,从蛋壳分离雏鸡尿囊膜,消化并提取基因组,通过特定引物进行PCR鉴别其是否为嵌合体;
(3)孵化的公鸡发育至成年后,采精提取基因组,使用特异性引物进行PCR鉴定,确定其转入的鸡原始生殖细胞可以正常发育为精子。
7.根据权利要求6所述的获得嵌合体鸡的方法,其特征在于,所述的特异性引物包括以下引物对:
正向引物1如SEQ ID NO.2所示
正向引物2如SEQ ID NO.3所示
反向引物1如SEQ ID NO.4所示
反向引物2如SEQ ID NO.5所示。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法获得的嵌合体鸡用于绿壳蛋鸡品系保种中的应用。
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