CN116391650A - Method for rapidly domesticating mandarin fish fries - Google Patents
Method for rapidly domesticating mandarin fish fries Download PDFInfo
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- CN116391650A CN116391650A CN202310505658.7A CN202310505658A CN116391650A CN 116391650 A CN116391650 A CN 116391650A CN 202310505658 A CN202310505658 A CN 202310505658A CN 116391650 A CN116391650 A CN 116391650A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for rapidly domesticating mandarin fish fries, and belongs to the technical field of fish product cultivation. According to the biological characteristics of mandarin fish, indoor industrial circulating water is adopted to cultivate mandarin fish fries, so that water quality can be controlled, and a stable environment is provided for mandarin fish fries domestication; the illumination intensity is set to be 300-800 lux when feeding, and the feeding habit of mandarin fish in a slightly dark environment is met, so that the most suitable feeding environment is created for the fries, and the feeding management of mandarin fish fries is facilitated; and the requirements of quick domestication and improvement of the domestication rate can be met by combining a progressive feeding process, so that the production of large-scale feed mandarin seedlings is realized. Proved by verification, the method has the characteristics of high food-domesticating speed, high food-domesticating rate and high food-domesticating survival rate, the food-domesticating rate within 1 week is up to more than 95%, the complete ingestion of the artificial compound feed can be realized within 2-3 weeks, the closing rate is lower than 1%, and the food-domesticating survival rate is up to more than 80%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish product cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly domesticating mandarin fish fries.
Background
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), also called Mandarin fish, mandarin fish, and Siniperca chuatsi, is fish of genus Siniperca of family Siniperaceae, has less thorn and more meat, tender meat, and very delicious flap-like meat, and is one of four fresh water fish in China, and is a good product in fish.
Mandarin fish is a carnivorous freshwater fish, and mainly preys small fishes and shrimps in a natural freshwater environment, and in artificial culture, a culture mode of feeding live bait fish such as dace, bream and the like is mainly adopted. In recent years, domestic 'feed mandarin fish' cultivation has been successful initially, and the cultivation cost is remarkably reduced, which is about 60% of the traditional bait fish cultivation cost, and the method has great cultivation potential and market prospect. Therefore, the "feed mandarin" cultivation is also becoming popular with breeders and investors. However, the influence on the large-scale cultivation development of the 'feed mandarin fish' is three factors of the feed mandarin fish fries, the mandarin fish compound feed, the cultivation management mode and the like, and remarkable effects are achieved on the artificial compound feed of the mandarin fish and the cultivation management mode in recent 2 years, but the large-scale cultivation of the mandarin fish fries by the feed has a plurality of problems, such as long domestication time and low feed ingestion rate, and the general domestication survival rate is only 30-50%, so that the long-term supply and the short supply of the mandarin fish fries by the feed are caused, and the large-scale development of the mandarin fish industry by the feed is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for rapidly domesticating mandarin fish fries, which has short domestication time and high domestication survival rate.
The invention provides a method for rapidly domesticating mandarin fish fries, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
indoor industrial circulating water is adopted to cultivate mandarin fish fries;
feeding mandarin fish fries; feeding 2 meals every day; the illumination intensity during feeding is 300-800 lux;
the feeding includes:
feeding the first bait to the first meal until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 90%, and then supplementing and feeding live bait fish until the satiety rate is 100%;
the first bait comprises semi-dead bait fish with open feed stuck on the body surface;
feeding the second bait to the second meal and feeding the live bait to the third meal until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 90%, and then supplementing the live bait to the fish until the satiety rate is 100%;
the second bait comprises a suffocating fresh bait fish with an open feed adhered to the body surface;
feeding the third bait to the full rate of more than or equal to 60% in the fourth meal, and then supplementing the fourth bait to the full rate of 100%;
the third bait comprises semi-floating feed with an open feed wrapped on the surface; the mass percentage of the open feed in the third bait is less than or equal to 10 percent;
the fourth bait comprises a suffocating fresh bait fish with an open feed adhered to the body surface;
feeding a fifth bait to a full rate of more than or equal to 60% in a fifth meal, and then supplementing a fourth bait to a full rate of 100%;
The fifth bait comprises semi-floating feed with an open feed wrapped on the surface; the mass percentage of the open feed in the fifth bait is less than or equal to 5 percent;
feeding a fifth bait to the sixth meal until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 60%;
feeding the fifth bait to the full rate of more than or equal to 60% in the seventh meal, and then supplementing the fourth bait to the full rate of 80% -90%;
starting from the fifth day, the feeding of the first meal every day is adjusted on the basis of the feeding of the sixth meal, and the feeding amount of the full-floating feed is gradually increased to the feeding of the full-floating feed of the full meal;
starting from the fifth day, the feeding of the second meal every day is adjusted on the basis of the feeding of the seventh meal, and the feeding amount of the full-floating feed is gradually increased to the feeding of the full-floating feed of the full meal;
the total floating feed in two adjacent days is 10-15% different in weight percentage of the total feed fed every day.
Preferably, the interval time of 2 feeding is 8-10 h; the feeding time is as follows: 1 meal is fed at 6 to 9 am and 1 meal is fed at 5 to 8 pm.
Preferably, the feeding time per meal is 10-30 min.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the open feed in the first bait is less than or equal to 5 percent.
Preferably, the feeding amount of the first bait accounts for 10-12% of the weight of the mandarin fish fries.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the open feed in the second bait is less than or equal to 10 percent.
Preferably, the feeding amount of the second bait accounts for 8-10% of the weight of the mandarin fish fries.
Preferably, the complete floating feed is fed 1-2 weeks after the fifth day.
Preferably, after the domesticating, screening the domesticated mandarin fish fries; the sieving includes a half-way towards the sieve; the semi-facing screen comprises stainless steel.
Preferably, the device for indoor industrial circulating water culture comprises a fishery system for ecological culture of plateau engineering circulating water; the fishery system for ecological aquaculture of the plateau engineering circulating water comprises an aquaculture heat preservation workshop, an aquaculture pond, a heat preservation greenhouse and water treatment facilities, wherein a plurality of aquaculture ponds are arranged in the aquaculture heat preservation workshop, the aquaculture ponds are buried in the ground at the lower ends, the water treatment facilities are arranged in the heat preservation greenhouse, the water treatment facilities comprise a micro-filter, a primary acidification pond, a secondary sedimentation pond, a biochemical treatment pond and an ecological treatment pond which are sequentially connected, the water outlet of each aquaculture pond is communicated with the inlet of the micro-filter, the ecological treatment pond is communicated with each aquaculture pond, the micro-filter is used for conducting solid-liquid separation on aquaculture tail water discharged from the aquaculture pond, the liquid outlet of the micro-filter is communicated with the primary acidification pond, the primary acidification pond is used for conducting sedimentation and acidification treatment on liquid, the secondary sedimentation treatment on the liquid is conducted on the liquid, the ecological treatment pond is used for planting plants and conducting purification treatment on the liquid through the water-borne plants, the heat preservation curtain is covered on the heat preservation film, and the heat preservation film is rolled up by the heat preservation film.
The invention provides a method for rapidly domesticating mandarin fish fries, which adopts indoor industrial circulating water to cultivate mandarin fish fries according to the biological characteristics of mandarin fish, can realize controllable water quality and provides a stable environment for mandarin fish fries domestication; the illumination intensity is set to be 300-800 lux when feeding, and the feeding habit of mandarin fish in a slightly dark environment is met, so that the most suitable feeding environment is created for the fries, and the feeding management of mandarin fish fries is facilitated; and the requirements of rapid domestication and high domestication rate improvement can be met by combining a progressive feeding process, so that the production of large-scale feed mandarin seedlings is realized. Proved by verification, the method has the characteristics of high food-domesticating speed, high food-domesticating rate and high food-domesticating survival rate, the food-domesticating rate within 1 week is up to more than 95%, the complete ingestion of the artificial compound feed can be realized within 2-3 weeks, the closing rate is lower than 1%, and the food-domesticating survival rate is up to more than 80%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a farming heat preservation plant and a four-stage water treatment facility in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a thermal insulation greenhouse and an internal treatment tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the mandarin fish feeding special device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second construction of the apparatus for mandarin fish feeding training of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third construction of the apparatus for mandarin fish feeding training of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-cultivation heat preservation workshop, 2-cultivation pond, 3-heat preservation big-arch shelter, 4-microfilter, 5-primary acidification tank, 6-secondary sedimentation tank, 7-biochemical treatment tank, 8-ecological treatment tank, 9-heat preservation transparent film, 10-high-order pond, 11-net pond, 12-floating frame, 13-sinking frame, 14-net piece, 15-floating strip.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for rapidly domesticating mandarin fish fries, which comprises the following steps:
indoor industrial circulating water is adopted to cultivate mandarin fish fries;
feeding mandarin fish fries; feeding 2 meals every day; the illumination intensity during feeding is 300-800 lux;
the feeding includes:
feeding the first bait to the first meal until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 90%, and then supplementing and feeding live bait fish until the satiety rate is 100%;
the first bait comprises semi-dead bait fish with open feed stuck on the body surface;
Feeding the second bait to the second meal and feeding the live bait to the third meal until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 90%, and then supplementing the live bait to the fish until the satiety rate is 100%;
the second bait comprises a suffocating fresh bait fish with an open feed adhered to the body surface;
feeding the third bait to the full rate of more than or equal to 60% in the fourth meal, and then supplementing the fourth bait to the full rate of 100%;
the third bait comprises semi-floating feed with an open feed wrapped on the surface; the mass percentage of the open feed in the third bait is less than or equal to 10 percent;
the fourth bait comprises a suffocating fresh bait fish with an open feed adhered to the body surface;
feeding a fifth bait to a full rate of more than or equal to 60% in a fifth meal, and then supplementing a fourth bait to a full rate of 100%;
the fifth bait comprises semi-floating feed with an open feed wrapped on the surface; the mass percentage of the open feed in the fifth bait is less than or equal to 5 percent;
feeding a fifth bait to the sixth meal until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 60%;
feeding the fifth bait to the full rate of more than or equal to 60% in the seventh meal, and then supplementing the fourth bait to the full rate of 80% -90%;
starting from the fifth day, the feeding of the first meal every day is adjusted on the basis of the feeding of the sixth meal, and the feeding amount of the full-floating feed is gradually increased to the feeding of the full-floating feed of the full meal;
Starting from the fifth day, the feeding of the second meal every day is adjusted on the basis of the feeding of the seventh meal, and the feeding amount of the full-floating feed is gradually increased to the feeding of the full-floating feed of the full meal;
the total floating feed in two adjacent days is 10-15% different in weight percentage of the total feed fed every day.
The invention adopts indoor industrial circulating water to cultivate mandarin fish fries, can realize controllable water quality, provides excellent water quality conditions for mandarin fish fries domestication and growth, and reduces disease occurrence.
In the invention, a RAS (recirculating aquaculture system) circulating water culture system is preferably adopted for indoor industrial circulating water culture of mandarin fish fries; the RAS circulating water culture system mainly comprises physical filtration, biological purification, ozone sterilization, efficient internal circulation, water quality monitoring and the like, can remove harmful substances such as residual bait, excrement, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and the like in the culture water body, and can reenter the purified water body into a culture pond to realize the utilization of closed circulating water.
In the invention, the starting time of the RAS industrial circulating water culture system is preferably the first meal feeding time; the device for indoor industrial circulating water culture preferably comprises a culture pond, a micro-filter, a protein separator, a biological filter, sterilization and disinfection, oxygenation, a temperature control system and a monitoring system.
In the invention, the device for indoor industrial circulating water culture is preferably a fishery system for ecological culture of plateau engineering circulating water; the fishery system of ecological breed of plateau engineering circulating water is preferred including breeding the heat preservation workshop, breed pond, heat preservation big-arch shelter and water treatment facility, be equipped with a plurality of in the breed heat preservation workshop breed pond, each breed pond lower extreme buries ground, water treatment facility set up in the heat preservation big-arch shelter, water treatment facility is including the microfilter that connects gradually, one-level acidizing pond, second grade sedimentation tank, biochemical treatment pond and ecological treatment pond, each breed the outlet intercommunication of pond the import of microfilter, ecological treatment pond intercommunication each breed pond, the microfilter is used for right breed pond exhaust breed tail water carries out solid-liquid separation, the liquid outlet intercommunication of microfilter one-level acidizing pond, one-level acidizing pond is used for carrying out sedimentation and acidizing treatment to liquid, second grade sedimentation pond is used for carrying out secondary sedimentation treatment to liquid, biochemical treatment pond is used for planting plant and carries out purification treatment to liquid through the microorganism, the transparent film is rolled up to the heat preservation top through the heat preservation, the transparent film is rolled up on the heat preservation roll-up.
According to the fishery system for ecological culture of the plateau engineering circulating water, the plurality of culture ponds are arranged in the culture heat preservation workshop, the lower ends of the culture ponds are buried in the ground, heat preservation of water in the culture ponds is facilitated, culture tail water in the culture ponds is circularly fed into the culture ponds after being treated by the microfilter, the primary acidification pond, the secondary sedimentation pond, the biochemical treatment pond and the ecological treatment pond, workshop heat preservation measures are taken, abundant solar radiation resources in a plateau area are fully utilized through arrangement of the heat preservation greenhouse, a water-airing and heat preservation system is built on the basis of the engineering water treatment facility, the aim and the requirements of water-airing and heat preservation in daytime are achieved, heat preservation roller curtains are covered at night for heat preservation, the culture water can be kept at 16-25 ℃ in winter, the temperature can be kept at 20-30 ℃ in summer, suitable culture conditions are provided for high-quality fish production in the plateau area, suitable culture range of the high-quality fish production of the siniperca chuatsi, the plateau area can be enlarged, and accordingly the requirements of the market production efficiency of the high-quality aquatic products in the plateau low-temperature area can be facilitated to be improved.
In the invention, the culture pond is preferably higher than the water treatment facility, culture tail water in each culture pond enters the micro-filter for solid-liquid separation under the action of gravity, a high-level pond is also arranged in the heat preservation greenhouse and is higher than the culture pond, the ecological treatment pond is communicated with the high-level pond through a water suction pipeline, a water pump is arranged on the water suction pipeline, and the high-level pond is communicated with each culture pond through a pipeline.
In the invention, an ozone generator is preferably arranged in the heat preservation greenhouse, and the ozone generator is used for injecting ozone into the water pumping pipeline to disinfect liquid.
In the invention, the outer wall of the cultivation heat preservation workshop is preferably a 100mm thick color steel plate composite heat preservation wall surface structure, the sandwich material is preferably a foaming polyurethane heat preservation plate, the roof is preferably an 80mm thick profiled steel plate composite heat preservation roof structure, and the sandwich material is preferably a 10mm foaming polyurethane heat preservation plate.
In the invention, the culture pond is preferably a conical PP culture pond, the height of the culture pond is preferably 1.5mm, and the culture pond is preferably buried in the ground for 1m.
In the present invention, the total volume of the primary acidification tank, the secondary sedimentation tank, the biochemical treatment tank and the ecological treatment tank is preferably 5 times or more the total volume of each of the culture tanks.
In the invention, concrete slope protection is preferably adopted around the primary acidification tank, the secondary sedimentation tank, the biochemical treatment tank and the ecological treatment tank, and impermeable films are preferably paved at the bottom.
In the invention, the primary acidification tank and the secondary sedimentation tank, the secondary sedimentation tank and the biochemical treatment tank, and the pond base between the biochemical treatment tank and the ecological treatment tank are preferably provided with water diffusion notches.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a fishery system for ecologically cultivating circulating water in a highland engineering, comprising a cultivation heat preservation workshop 1, cultivation tanks 2, a heat preservation greenhouse 3 and a water treatment facility, wherein a plurality of cultivation tanks 2 are arranged in the cultivation heat preservation workshop 1, the lower ends of the cultivation tanks 2 are embedded into the ground, the water treatment facility is arranged in the heat preservation greenhouse 3, the water treatment facility comprises a micro-filter 4, a primary acidification tank 5, a secondary sedimentation tank 6, a biochemical treatment tank 7 and an ecological treatment tank 8 which are sequentially connected, the water outlet of each cultivation tank 2 is communicated with the inlet of the micro-filter 4, the ecological treatment tank 8 is communicated with each cultivation tank 2, the micro-filter 4 is used for performing solid-liquid separation on cultivation tail water discharged from the cultivation tanks 2, the liquid outlet of the micro-filter 4 is communicated with the primary acidification tank 5, the primary acidification tank 5 is used for performing sedimentation and acidification treatment on liquid, the secondary sedimentation treatment on liquid, the biochemical treatment tank 7 is used for cultivating microorganisms and performing liquid treatment on liquid through microorganisms, the ecological treatment tank 8 is used for purifying aquatic plants and performing heat preservation by rolling a transparent film 9 on the water plant, and a heat preservation film is covered by a heat preservation transparent heat preservation curtain 9.
The system makes full use of abundant solar radiation resources in the plateau region while making thermal insulation measures in workshops, and builds a water-airing and thermal insulation system on the basis of an engineering water treatment facility to achieve the purposes and requirements of water-airing and temperature raising in the daytime and automatic capping and thermal insulation of a thermal insulation rolling curtain at night, so that the cultivation water body can be kept at 16-25 ℃ in winter and 20-30 ℃ in summer, the suitable cultivation variety range in the plateau region can be expanded, and suitable cultivation conditions are provided for high-yield and high-quality fishes produced at constant speed by mandarin fish, weever, snakehead and tilapia mossambica, thereby being beneficial to improving the production efficiency of fishery in the plateau low-temperature region and accelerating the meeting of the market demands of aquatic products.
Wherein, the heat preservation greenhouse 3 adopts steel frame construction, and interval 1m between the double-deck heat preservation transparent film 9, the material is the polyethylene film, and bottom heat preservation transparent film 9 is 1.5-2m from the surface of water height, and upper heat preservation transparent film 9 covers the heat preservation rolling curtain, and the heat preservation rolling curtain can adopt cotton quilt, and thickness is 5-6cm, and when there is sunshine daytime, through rolling curtain mechanism with heat preservation rolling curtain rolling to shine water and carry warm, unreel the heat preservation rolling curtain in order to strengthen the heat preservation evening. The roller shutter mechanism is a conventional roller shutter retracting mechanism, and is not described in detail herein. The secondary sedimentation tank 6 can be set as a brush sedimentation tank, and the sedimentation effect is improved by arranging a plurality of brushes in the sedimentation tank.
In one embodiment of the invention, the culture pond 2 is higher than the water treatment facility and has a height 3.5m higher than that of the water treatment facility, the culture tail water in each culture pond 2 enters the micro-filter 4 for solid-liquid separation under the action of gravity, the heat preservation greenhouse 3 is also internally provided with a high-level pond 10, the high-level pond 10 is higher than the culture pond 2, and two high-level ponds 10 are arranged, and each volume is 50m 3 The two high-level ponds 10 are communicated with each other, the height of the high-level pond 10 higher than the culture pond 2 is 3m, the ecological treatment pond 8 is communicated with the high-level pond 10 through a water pumping pipeline, a water pump is arranged on the water pumping pipeline, and water in the ecological treatment pond 8 is conveyed to the high level through the water pumpThe high-level pond 10 is communicated with the culture ponds 2 through pipelines, and water in the high-level pond 10 enters the culture ponds 2 under the action of gravity, so that the circulating water is realized.
In one embodiment of the invention, an ozone generator is also arranged in the thermal insulation greenhouse 3, and the ozone generator is used for injecting ozone into the water suction pipeline to disinfect the liquid.
In one embodiment of the invention, the outer wall of the cultivation heat preservation workshop 1 is a 100mm thick color steel plate composite heat preservation wall surface structure, the sandwich material is a foaming polyurethane heat preservation plate, the roof is an 80mm thick profiled steel plate composite heat preservation roof structure, and the sandwich material is a 10mm foaming polyurethane heat preservation plate. Wherein, the side wall of the cultivation heat preservation workshop 1 is 2.5m high, and the roof is 4m high. The interior of the cultivation heat preservation workshop 1 is divided into 2 workshops through partition walls, each workshop is 66m long and 16m wide, 2 rows of 16 cultivation ponds 2 are installed in each workshop, and the total volume of the cultivation ponds 2 in each workshop is about 600m 3 I.e. the total volume of the culture pond 2 in the culture heat preservation workshop 1 is about 1200m 3 。
In one embodiment of the invention, the culture pond 2 is a conical PP culture pond, the height of the culture pond 2 is 1.5mm, the diameter is 6m, the culture pond 2 is buried in the ground for 1m, namely, the exposure is 0.5m, so that fish culture feeding and the like can be facilitated, and each culture pond 2 is provided with an independently controllable water inlet and outlet system.
In one embodiment of the invention, the total volume of the primary acidification tank 5, the secondary sedimentation tank 6, the biochemical treatment tank 7 and the ecological treatment tank 8 is more than 5 times the total volume of each culture tank 2. The areas of the primary acidification tank 5, the secondary sedimentation tank 6, the biochemical treatment tank 7 and the ecological treatment tank 8 are respectively 360m 2 、360m 2 、480m 2 、1200m 2 The average depth was 2.5m.
In one embodiment of the invention, concrete slope protection is adopted around the primary acidification tank 5, the secondary sedimentation tank 6, the biochemical treatment tank 7 and the ecological treatment tank 8, and an impermeable film is paved at the bottom.
In one embodiment of the invention, the water diffusion gap is arranged on the pond base between the primary acidification pond 5 and the secondary sedimentation pond 6, between the secondary sedimentation pond 6 and the biochemical treatment pond 7, and between the biochemical treatment pond 7 and the ecological treatment pond 8, and the water diffusion gap is 2m long and 0.35m high, so that the water circulation between the ponds is realized through the water diffusion gap.
In the existing industrial circulating water culture process, a biochemical treatment system only accounts for 3-8% of a culture water body, and the existing industrial circulating water culture process has the defects of more unstable factors, higher maintenance difficulty and easiness in occurrence of system problems; the system comprises four-stage treatment tanks, matched micro filters, ozone disinfection and other facilities, the biochemical system is large enough (more than 5 times of the culture water body), the water treatment capacity is greatly improved, the management is convenient, the culture risk is reduced, and the culture yield and efficiency are remarkably improved.
In the water treatment link and the cultivation process, the system realizes zero emission of cultivation water by physical and biological treatment means such as beneficial microorganisms, algae, aquatic plants and the like; the solar radiation effect is mainly utilized in the temperature raising and preserving processes of the culture water body, and the first-stage water raising (the water in the ecological treatment tank 8 is conveyed to the high-level tank 10 through the water pump) realizes circulating water culture, so that the requirements of energy conservation, ecology and environmental protection are really met.
The cultivation test carried out by adopting the system is as follows:
each culture pond 2 is used for stocking 3750 tails (66 tails/kg) of mandarin fish domesticated by feed, 2 workshops are used for stocking 12 ten thousand tails in total, the water temperature in the culture process is kept at 18-28 ℃, the survival rate reaches 91% after 5 half months (165 days) of culture, the average specification is 0.61 kg/tail, 66612kg is harvested altogether, 55.51kg is produced per cubic water body, the unit yield is improved by 38.78%, and remarkable effects are achieved.
In the invention, the mandarin fish fries are preferably healthy fries with body color of 'white flowers', long body, good vitality, satiety, no virus and no insects. 2-3 days before domestication, the method preferably further comprises the step of detecting mandarin fish virus diseases and parasites on mandarin fish seedlings; viruses responsible for the Mandarin fish virus disease preferably include rhabdovirus (SCRV), lateolabrax iridovirus (LMBV), cytomegalovirus iridovirus (ISNV/RISV) and nerve necrosis virus (VNNV); the parasites preferably include trichostrongylus, clinopodium, polyworm and melon.
The invention preferably further comprises the step of throwing mandarin fish fries before the domestication.
The invention preferably further comprises the step of sterilizing a culture pond for domestication before the mandarin fish fries are put in; the reagent used for disinfecting the culture pond preferably comprises a potassium permanganate aqueous solution with the concentration of more than or equal to 30mg/l and/or a bleaching powder aqueous solution with the concentration of more than or equal to 50 mg/l.
Before the mandarin fish fries are put in, the invention preferably further comprises sprinkling microbial fermentation liquid and/or multidimensional in the cultured water body to adjust the water color; the working concentration of the microbial fermentation broth is preferably 2mg/l; the working concentration of the multi-dimension is preferably 1mg/l. In the present invention, the multi-dimensional main components and contents are preferably as follows, in terms of per kilogram: vitamin A is more than or equal to 1000.0001U, glycine is more than or equal to 600mg, alanine is more than or equal to 500mg, vitamin B1 is more than or equal to 2000mg, threonine is more than or equal to 380mg, biotin is more than or equal to 100mg, vitamin B2 is more than or equal to 6000mg, proline is more than or equal to 600mg, choline chloride is more than or equal to 140000m, vitamin B6 is more than or equal to 1,400mg, leucine is more than or equal to 660mg, folic acid is more than or equal to 600mg, vitamin B12 is more than or equal to 4mg, arginine is more than or equal to 400mg more than or equal to 1000mg of mannooligosaccharide, more than or equal to 50,000mg of vitamin C, more than or equal to 400mg of methionine, more than or equal to 1200m of serine, more than or equal to 200,000IU of vitamin D3, more than or equal to 400mg of methionine, more than or equal to 8000mg of calcium pantothenate, more than or equal to 6000mg of vitamin E, more than or equal to 640mg of lysine, more than or equal to 20000mg of nicotinic acid, more than or equal to 2500mg of vitamin K3, more than or equal to 800mg of aspartic acid and more than or equal to 120mg of cystine.
The method also preferably comprises the step of placing a domestication Miao Fuxiang in the culture pond before the mandarin fish fries are put in; the tamers Miao Fuxiang are preferably placed along the periphery of the culture pond; the domestication Miao Fuxiang occupies the space of the culture pond preferably by not more than 2/3; 1 pure oxygen disc is preferably placed in each seedling-training buoyancy tank, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is ensured to be more than 7 mg/l.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the tamer Miao Fuxiang preferably includes a net pool, a floating frame and a sinking frame; the top of the net pool is open; the floating frame is arranged around the top of the net pool; the sinking frame is arranged around the bottom of the net pool. In the invention, the net pool is preferably made of an endless nylon net. In the invention, the floating frame preferably comprises a plurality of upper straight pipes and a plurality of upper elbows; the upper straight pipe and the upper elbow are spliced into a rectangular frame. In the invention, the sinking frame preferably comprises a plurality of lower straight pipes and a plurality of lower elbows; the lower straight pipe and the lower elbow are spliced into a rectangular frame. In the invention, the filler is preferably arranged in the lower straight pipe and the lower elbow. In the present invention, the filler is preferably sand. In the invention, as shown in fig. 4, a net sheet is preferably arranged around the top of the net pool for preventing fish fry from jumping out of the net pool; the mesh is preferably a plastic mesh with a height of 20-25 cm. In the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the outside of the mesh is preferably provided with floating strips. In the present invention, the floating strips are preferably foam strips to further raise the buoyancy of the net pool. In the present invention, the width of the foam strip is preferably 5cm, and the height is preferably 5cm; the foam strips are tightly clung to the outer side of the floating frame and are bound by a binding belt.
In one embodiment of the invention, the net pool is made of an endless nylon net, meshes of 0.3-0.8 cm are suitable, the size of the net pool is designed according to the specification of an industrial circulating water seedling pool, the two specifications of length, width and height of 2.0mx1.0mx0.6m and 4.0mx2.0mx1.2m are generally good, the small net pool is suitable for early domestication, and the large net pool is suitable for coarse cultivation of a post-domestication standard; when the net pool is sewn, a cylinder with the diameter of 50mm is sewn around the upper end (open end) of the net pool, so that the floating frame is convenient to install.
The floating frame is formed by connecting 4 PVC straight pipes with the diameter of 25mm or 32mm with 4 elbows, and comprises four upper straight pipes and four upper elbows; the upper straight pipe and the upper elbow are spliced into a rectangular frame. The specification is customized according to the size of the net pool, and when the PVC straight pipe is connected with the elbow, the PVC straight pipe is sealed, so that water is prevented from entering the pipeline; the PVC floating frame is connected in the cylinder at the upper end of the net pool to achieve the functions of fixing the shape of the net pool and lifting the floating force of the net pool.
The sinking frame comprises four lower straight pipes and four lower elbows; the lower straight pipe and the lower elbow are spliced into a rectangular frame. Sand is filled in the lower straight pipe and the lower elbow, the weight is increased, and the specification of the sand is customized according to the size of the net pool; when in use, the sinking frame is placed at the bottom of the net pool and matched with the net pool and the PVC floating frame, so as to achieve the functions of expanding the net pool and compacting the bottom of the net pool.
When the seedling-training buoyancy tank is used, the seedling-training buoyancy tank is placed into a seedling raising pool, the mandarin fish seedlings which are not domesticated with the same specification are placed into a small seedling-training buoyancy tank for food training, and 2000-4000 mandarin fish seedlings can be placed into each buoyancy tank; after 7-10 days of domestication, the fries successfully domesticated with the same specification are put into a large domesticated fry floating box for standard coarse cultivation, and 3000-6000 fries can be put into each box. The seedling domestication buoyancy tank is convenient for fish to intensively rob.
Before mandarin fish fries are put in, the invention preferably further comprises adding an anti-stress reagent into the culture pond; the anti-stress agent preferably comprises vitamin C; the vitamin C is preferably used at a concentration of 2mg/l.
The method comprises the steps of putting mandarin fish seedlings in front of a culture pond, and preferably putting mandarin fish seedlings in a transfer domestication seedling buoyancy tank of a transfer pond for sieving; the salinity of the water body of the transfer pond is preferably 5; an anti-stress agent and/or multidimensional is/are preferably added into the water body of the transfer pond; the working concentration of the anti-stress reagent is preferably more than or equal to 5mg/l; the multi-dimensional use concentration is preferably 5mg/l; the initial water body dissolved oxygen of the water body of the transfer pond is preferably more than or equal to 10mg/l, and the water body dissolved oxygen in the cultivation process is preferably more than or equal to 7mg/l; the screening is preferably performed in a half-way mode, the mandarin fish fries are strictly classified, the specifications of the fries are neat, and the residual food and damage of the fries are reduced.
When mandarin fish fries are put in, the water carrying operation, weighing, sieving and other preferred operations are kept, and the fish fries are in dark light operation, so that the stress of the fish fries is reduced to the greatest extent.
In the invention, the specification of mandarin fish fries used for domestication is preferably more than or equal to 5cm; the initial seedling density of each seedling-training buoyancy tank is preferably 20-25 kg.
After mandarin fish fries are put in, the invention preferably further comprises the step of sterilizing the culture water body; the reagent used for disinfection is preferably povidone iodine; the working concentration of povidone-iodine is preferably 0.5ml/m 3 。
The invention preferably further comprises preparing bait fish for mandarin fish fries to feed prior to said domesticating; the bait fish is preferably dace; the preparation amount of the dace is preferably 3-4 d, and the weight of bait fish prepared per 100kg of mandarin fish fries is preferably 50-60 kg, and more preferably 55kg. In the invention, the specification of the bait fish is adjusted according to the size of the domesticated mandarin fish; the specification of the bait fish is preferably 5000-6000 tails/kg according to the specification of 5-6 cm mandarin fish. In the invention, the bait fish is put in an indoor cement pond for standby; the invention preferably further comprises sterilizing the indoor cement pond before bait fish are put in; the reagent used for disinfection is preferably formaldehyde; the formaldehyde is preferably used in an amount of 50ml per cubic body of water.
Before the domestication, the invention preferably further comprises preparing a special compound feed for feeding mandarin fish fries; the special compound feed for mandarin fish preferably comprises an open feed, a semi-floating feed and a full-floating feed; the special compound feed for mandarin fish is preferably purchased from Guangdong Buddha Jie biological technology Co., ltd; the special compound feed for mandarin fish preferably comprises the following raw materials: fish meal, soybean meal, flour, monocalcium phosphate, sodium selenite, vitamin a, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin BI, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, and inositol; the content of the nutrient substances in the starter feed is preferably as follows: crude protein is more than or equal to 40.0%, crude fat is more than or equal to 5.0%, crude fiber is less than or equal to 6.0%, crude ash is less than or equal to 20.0%, total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.0, lysine is less than or equal to 2.8, and moisture is less than or equal to 12.0; the content of nutrient substances in the semi-floating feed and the full-floating feed is preferably as follows: the crude protein is more than or equal to 47.0%, the crude fat is more than or equal to 5.0%, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 6.0%, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 24.0, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.0, the lysine is more than or equal to 2.6, and the moisture is less than or equal to 12.0; the open feed of the invention has food calling property.
The method is used for feeding mandarin fish seedlings; feeding 2 meals every day; the feeding interval time of 2 meals is preferably 8-10 hours, so that mutual killing of fries due to hunger is reduced, and proper time is provided, so that the digestion and absorption of the fries are facilitated; the feeding time is preferably selected from the morning and the evening to feed 1 meal at 6-9 am and 1 meal at 5-8 pm; the feeding time per meal is preferably 10-30 min, more preferably 15-25 min, and most preferably 20min; the illumination intensity at the time of feeding is preferably 300 to 800lux, more preferably 400 to 700lux, and most preferably 500 to 600lux. The mandarin fish is favored to ingest in a slightly dark environment, and the method is used for shading light at the top, doors and windows and the like in the food-training chamber by means of shading light in the daytime, turning on the light at night and the like, so that the illumination intensity during feeding is controlled, the most suitable ingest environment is created for the fries, and the food-training management of the mandarin fish is facilitated. In the present invention, the feeding preferably follows the principles of timing, fixed point, dosing and progressive.
In the invention, after the first meal is fed with the first bait until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 90%, the live bait fish is fed in a supplementary way until the satiety rate is 100%; the feeding time of the first meal is preferably 5-8 days after the mandarin fish seedlings are put in; the first bait comprises semi-dead bait fish with open feed stuck on the body surface; the semi-dead bait fish is preferably prepared by the following method: putting the fish fries without water into a barrel, then scattering a proper amount of open feed (powder), uniformly stirring the fish fries and the open feed (powder), and naturally reducing the vitality of the fish fries after the fish fries are stuck with the powder to obtain the dead bait fish; the dead bait fish with the open feed adhered to the body surface is preferably obtained by mixing the dead bait fish with the open feed; the mixing is preferably stirring mixing; no water is added in the mixing process; the mass percentage of the open feed in the first bait is preferably less than or equal to 5 percent; the feeding amount of the first bait is preferably 10% -12% of the weight of the mandarin fish seedlings; the first meal feeding is preferably concentrated feeding in a pure oxygen tray.
In the invention, the second meal and the third meal are respectively fed with the second bait until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 90%, and then the live bait fish is fed in a supplementary way until the satiety rate is 100%; the second bait comprises a suffocating fresh bait fish with an open feed adhered to the body surface; the said fresh bait fish is used immediately after being suffocated; the mass percentage of the open feed in the second bait is preferably less than or equal to 10 percent; preferably, the second bait comprises multiple dimensions; the main component of the multi-vitamin is vitamin B; the feeding amount of the second bait is preferably 8-10% of the weight of the mandarin fish fries.
In the invention, the fourth meal is fed with the third bait until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 60%, and then the fourth meal is fed with the fourth bait until the satiety rate is 100%; the third bait comprises semi-floating feed with an open feed wrapped on the surface; the preparation method of the third bait preferably comprises the following steps: mixing the semi-floating feed, water and multidimensional, and mixing the obtained mixture with the open feed; the water content in the mixture is preferably 1-1.2% by mass; the mass percentage of the multidimensional in the mixture is preferably 0.5% -1%; covering a layer of open feed on the semi-floating material; the mass percentage of the open feed in the third bait is less than or equal to 10 percent; the fourth bait comprises a suffocating fresh bait fish with an open feed adhered to the body surface; the mass percentage of the open feed in the fourth bait is preferably 5-10%; the fourth meal is preferably fed in the morning, more preferably at 6-9 am.
In the invention, after the fifth meal feeds the fifth bait until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 60%, the fourth meal is fed in a supplementary way until the satiety rate is 100%; the fifth bait comprises semi-floating feed with an open feed wrapped on the surface; the mass percentage of the open feed in the fifth bait is less than or equal to 5 percent.
In the invention, the fifth bait is fed to the sixth meal until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 60%; the sixth meal is preferably fed in the morning, more preferably in the 6 to 9 am, and most preferably in the 6 to 9 am on the fourth day of domestication.
In the invention, the seventh meal feeds the fifth bait until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 60%, and then feeds the fourth bait until the satiety rate is 80% -90%. Compared with feeding bait fish, the artificial compound feed is fed, the mandarin fish digestion speed is low, the satiety rate is set to be 80-90%, and the mandarin fish digestion and absorption are facilitated.
In the invention, from the fifth day, the feeding of the first meal every day is adjusted on the basis of the feeding of the sixth meal, and the feeding amount of the full-floating feed is gradually increased to the feeding of the full-floating feed of the full meal; starting from the fifth day, the feeding of the second meal every day is adjusted on the basis of the feeding of the seventh meal, and the feeding amount of the full-floating feed is gradually increased to the feeding of the full-floating feed of the full meal; the total floating feed in two adjacent days is 10-15% different in weight percentage of the total feed fed every day. In the invention, the ratio of the feeding amount of the complete feed in the first meal and the second meal per day is preferably 1:1.
According to the invention, the satiety rate is checked by sampling, and the proportion of the number of the bellied mandarin fish seedlings to the total sampling number is calculated.
After the domestication, the method preferably further comprises the step of sieving the domesticated mandarin fish seedlings; the sieving is preferably performed 7-10 days after domestication; the screening comprises a half-facing screen, so that the mandarin fish fries after domestication are strictly classified, the standards of the fries are regular, and the residual food and damage of the fries are reduced; the semi-facing screen is preferably made of stainless steel; after said screening, the invention preferably further comprises re-domesticating the remaining non-domesticated tail fish; the domesticated on-screen fish is subjected to continuous rough cultivation according to the specification and the corresponding density in a box; after the sieving, the invention preferably further comprises the step of sterilizing the sieved fish fries; the reagent used for disinfection is preferably povidone iodine aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1%; the dosage of povidone-iodine aqueous solution is preferably 0.5ml/m 3 。
The method of the present invention preferably further comprises daily management and/or disease control.
In the invention, the daily management preferably comprises one or more aspects of dirt absorption, water quality management, daily monitoring of plant diseases and insect pests and feeding management records; the frequency of the dirt suction is preferably 1-2 times/d; the dirt sucking time is preferably 1h after meal; the water quality management preferably comprises the steps of performing culture water body detection and maintenance work of a biochemical pool, and ensuring that the dissolved oxygen of the culture water body is more than or equal to 7.0mg/l, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.6mg/l and the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.1; daily monitoring of the plant diseases and insect pests preferably comprises the steps of knowing the states, ingestion and growth conditions of fish fries every day, observing whether the fish fries are bitten by predation, slimming, excrement dragging (floating in water), white heads and tails, white spots and other symptoms, and carrying out spot inspection every 2-3 days to determine whether parasites exist; the feeding management record preferably comprises records of feeding medicine, growth and the like.
Diseases which may occur in the mandarin fish domestication process mainly include parasitic diseases (carpenter, clinopodium, etc.) and bacterial diseases (enteritis, white head and white tail, nocardia, etc.), and nutritional hepatobiliary syndrome, etc., so as to prevent and discover early and treat early, and comprehensive consideration is needed during treatment; the disease control preferably comprises taking one or more of the following measures 1) to 4) when a secondary disease occurs:
1) The sieving and seedling carrying are carried out with water, so that the artificial damage is less, and the anti-stress and disinfection work is well carried out;
2) Culturing bacteria in a biological purifying pond, hanging a membrane and maintaining a circulating water system one month before mandarin fish fries are put in;
3) The water quality management is enhanced in the domestication and cultivation process, and the dissolved oxygen in the water body is ensured to be not lower than 7.0mg/l; when the dissolved oxygen is low and the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite index is high, the problem is solved by discharging water;
4) The nutrition is enhanced by daily feeding, and the enteritis is prevented, the liver is protected and the insect is repelled by adding multiple vitamins at regular intervals.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in connection with the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Construction of facilities for domesticating fries by circulating water
1. Construction of circulating water culture system
The RAS (recirculating aquaculture system) circulating water culture system technology is adopted, and the main supporting facilities comprise physical filtration, biological purification, ozone sterilization, efficient internal circulation, water quality monitoring and the like, so that harmful substances such as residual bait, excrement, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and the like in the culture water body are removed, and the purified water body is input into a culture pond again, thereby realizing the utilization of closed circulating water.
Production of tame Miao Fuxiang
The self-made seedling-training buoyancy tank is formed by combining a net pool, a PVC buoyancy frame, a sinking frame, a plastic net sheet and foam strips, the tank body is suitable for adopting two types of small specifications (length, width and height are 2.0mx1.0mx0.6m) and large specifications (4.0mx2.0mx1.2 m), the small specifications are used for early-stage food training, and the large specifications are suitable for medium-term food training cultivation.
Workshop shading light control light treatment
The light shielding and light control treatment measures are carried out on the tops and doors and windows of the food domestication workshops, the light is required to be 300-500 lux, and the most suitable feeding environment is created for fish fries.
2. Preparation before seedling placement
1. And detecting seedlings.
Selecting healthy seedlings with body color of big white, long body, good vitality, full stomach, no virus and no insects; developing mandarin fish virus diseases 2-3 days in advance, wherein the requirements of rhabdovirus (SCRV), largehead jewfish iridovirus (LMBV), cytomegaly iridovirus (ISNV/RISV) and nervous necrosis virus (VNNV) are all negative; meanwhile, the detection of parasites (rotifer, tube worm, polyworm, melon worm, etc.) is noted.
2. Preparation of domesticated culture pond
(1) The pool is thoroughly scrubbed and disinfected: sterilizing the pool by potassium permanganate of more than or equal to 30mg/l or bleaching powder of more than or equal to 50 mg/l;
(2) And (3) pond water inlet and treatment: after the water is fed into the culture pond, 2mg/l of microbial fermentation broth and 1mg/l of multidimensional fermentation broth are sprayed to regulate the water color;
(3) Placement tame Miao Fuxiang: the method comprises the steps of sequentially placing tamers Miao Fuxiang along the periphery of a pool, wherein tamers Miao Fuxiang occupy not more than 2/3 of the pool space, and placing 1 pure oxygen disc in each tamer buoyancy tank to ensure that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is above 7mg/l;
3. seedling placement
1. Anti-stress treatment
Adding 2mg/l of anti-stress products such as VC and the like into a pool half an hour in advance before seedling placement; when the fries are placed, the operations of carrying the fries, weighing, sieving and the like with water and darkness are kept as much as possible, so that the fries stress is reduced to the greatest extent;
2. screening and seedling density before seedling placement
(1) Preparing and processing a transfer pool: preparing a transfer pond and a transfer domestication Miao Fuxiang, regulating the salinity of the transfer pond to be 5 (5 kg for each cubic water body), sequentially adding more than 5mg/l of anti-stress, more than 5mg/l of multidimensional, and starting the water body to dissolve more than 10mg/l of oxygen, wherein the process is not lower than 7mg/l;
(2) Classifying by a classifying screen: carrying the fish fries with water into a transfer domesticated fry buoyancy tank, and carrying out sieving and strict classification (half-way sieving);
(3) Seedling placement specification and density: the specification of the fish fries to be domesticated by the stocking is more than 5cm, and the initial stocking density of each domesticated fish fry buoyancy tank is 20-25 kg;
3. post-seedling disinfection treatment
Sterilizing the whole pond by using 0.5ml of povidone iodine aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1% per cubic water body; and starting the circulating water system when the first meal starts to be fed in the evening.
4. Feeding and domestication management
1. Bait and feed preparation
(1) Preparing and treating bait dace, wherein 3-4 days of bait dace is required before mandarin fish domestication, and at least 50-60 kg of bait dace is required to be prepared for every 100kg of mandarin fish; the specification of bait feeding fish is adjusted according to the size of domesticated mandarin fish, and the mandarin fish with the length of 5-6 cm is suitable for feeding 5000-6000 bait fish/kg; after being put into indoor cement, 50ml of formaldehyde is used for killing insects and sterilizing each cubic water body;
(2) Feed preparation: before mandarin fish is put into the fish, the special compound feed for mandarin fish is prepared, including open feed, semi-floating feed and full-floating feed. The feed mainly uses the brand of the special feed for the Guangdong mandarin fish, and comprises the following raw materials of fish meal, soybean meal, flour, monocalcium phosphate, sodium selenite, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin BI, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, folic acid, inositol and the like, wherein crude protein is more than or equal to 47.0%, crude fat is more than or equal to 5.0%, crude fiber is less than or equal to 6.0%, crude ash is less than or equal to 24.0, total phosphorus is more than or equal to 1.0, lysine is more than or equal to 2.6, and moisture is less than or equal to 12.0.
2. Method for domesticating feed
2 meals are fed every day during domestication, the feeding is carried out at 6-9 am and 5-8 pm, and the time of each 1 meal is 30min; the light is controlled to be 300-800 lux during feeding by the measures of shading in daytime, turning on the lamp at night and the like. Thus, food is domesticated according to the principles of "triangularization" (timing, setpoint, quantitative) and progressive.
First meal: firstly, intensively feeding dead bait fishes in a pure oxygen tray; before feeding, firstly, putting bait fish into a barrel, adding 5% of open feed without adding water, and uniformly stirring to enable the surface of the bait fish to be stuck with a small amount of open feed; the feeding amount of the meal is about 12 percent of the weight, and the feeding is stopped when the feeding amount reaches over 90 percent of the full belly; adding live bait fish to a small amount of unsaturated bellied fish until the fish is saturated by 100%;
second meal: firstly, feeding bait fish which is suffocated by 10% of mandarin fish open feed (the method is the same as the above, a proper amount of small amount of multidimensional is added), the meal feeding amount is about 10% of the weight, and after 90% of the bait fish is full, the live bait fish is fed until 100% of the bait fish is full;
third meal: the feeding method is the same as that of the second meal;
fourth meal: in the morning, the semi-floating feed is generally selected to be firstly fed (a small amount of water is added into the feed before feeding, the multi-dimensional stirring is carried out uniformly, then 10% of open feed is added into the feed to be stirred uniformly, namely, the semi-floating feed is covered with a layer of open feed), and after the satiety rate reaches more than 60%, a proper amount of bait fish covering the open feed is added;
Fifth meal: the feeding method is the same as that of the fourth meal, and the feed with openings is added to be reduced to 5%;
the sixth meal, namely, from the fourth day, is fed by the same method as the fifth meal, but the feeding is not carried out after the satiety rate reaches more than 60%;
the seventh meal, the afternoon and evening of the fourth day, the feeding method is the same as that of the fifth meal, but the feeding of the bait fish is only supplemented once until the satiety rate is 80% -90% after the satiety rate is more than 60%.
Starting from the fifth day, the feeding method is adjusted on the basis of the sixth meal and the seventh meal, and the proportion of the full-floating feed in the fed feed is gradually increased; after one week, the whole meal is fed with the whole floating feed.
3. Sieving, grading and sort management
Performing secondary screening after 7-10 days of domestication, strictly screening with a half-direction screen made of stainless steel, and performing domestication again according to the specification and the flow by using a small amount of tail fishes (which are not domesticated in general) in each box; other fries (domesticated) are continuously cultivated in standard thickness according to the specification and the corresponding density in boxes; and the fish fries after sieving are subjected to disinfection treatment.
4. Daily management
(1) The dirt is sucked for 1-2 times every day, and the dirt sucking is required to be carried out after 1 hour;
(2) The water quality management carries out the detection of the culture water body and the maintenance work of the biochemical pond every day, and requires that the dissolved oxygen of the culture water body is more than or equal to 7.0mg/l, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.6mg/l and the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.1;
(3) Daily monitoring of pests: the state, ingestion and growth conditions of the fries are known every day, and the conditions of eating bite, slimming, excrement dragging (floating in water), white head, white tail, white spot and the like of the fries are particularly concerned, and whether parasites exist or not is checked every 2-3 days.
(4) The feeding management record is used for making records of feeding medicine, growth and the like
5. Disease control
Diseases which may occur in the mandarin fish domestication process mainly include parasitic diseases (carpal tunnel worm, inclined tube worm and the like) and bacterial venereal diseases (enteritis, white head and white tail, nocardia and the like), and nutritional hepatobiliary syndrome and the like, so that early detection and early treatment are achieved, comprehensive consideration is needed during treatment, and the occurrence of secondary diseases is particularly important, and the following preventive measures are taken:
the seedling is screened and carried with water as much as possible, so that the artificial damage is less, and the anti-stress and disinfection work is well performed;
culturing bacteria in a biological purifying pond, hanging a membrane and maintaining a circulating water system in the biological purifying pond one month before seedling placement; the water quality management is enhanced in the domestication and cultivation process, and particularly, the dissolved oxygen is required to be high enough in the feeding process and after feeding, and is not lower than 7.0mg/l; when the dissolved oxygen is low and the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite indexes are high, the problem can be solved by discharging water;
the nutrition is enhanced by daily feeding, and the measures of preventing enteritis, protecting liver, expelling parasites and the like are taken by adding substances such as multidimensional substances and the like regularly.
6. Features and effects of the present embodiment
1. The method has the characteristics of high food-domestication speed, high food-domestication rate and high food-domestication survival rate, the food-domestication rate within 1 week is more than 95%, the complete ingestion of the artificial compound feed can be realized within 2-3 weeks, the mouth-closed rate is lower than 1%, and the food-domestication survival rate is more than 80%.
2. The method of the invention has the characteristics of simplicity, convenient operation, high yield and high efficiency. The fish fry domestication process is carried out in a small space (domestication Miao Fuxiang), so that centralized feeding domestication, sieving and daily inspection management are facilitated, the management efficiency is high, 800-1000 domesticated mandarin fish fries can be produced per cubic water body, namely, the yield value of per cubic water body is more than 4000 yuan, and high yield and high efficiency are realized.
3. The method has the characteristics of water conservation, environmental protection, ecology and safety. The method of the invention adopts an industrial circulating water culture system, the domestication process keeps excellent water quality, the occurrence of diseases and the use of medicines are greatly reduced, zero emission and zero pollution can be realized, and the requirements of water conservation, environmental protection, ecology and safety are met.
Comparative example 1 conventional method for domesticating mandarin fish fries in pond
1. Pond domestication mandarin fish fry facility preparation
Selecting a large-area fishpond, wherein the general area is more than 10 mu, and the water depth is more than 2.5 m; building fixed or floating bamboo splints in a fish pond; hanging 1 row of customized net boxes on the bamboo raft, wherein the specification of each net box is generally 2mx4mx2m; a sunshade net is built on the upper part of the net cage, so that the light intensity is reduced; the periphery of the bamboo raft is provided with one water pump which is connected through pvc pipes, and pond water is pumped into each net cage to form a flushing device, so that food training and net cage water exchange are facilitated; 2-4 air pipes and air plates of an air blower or a pure oxygen machine are arranged in each net cage.
2. Preparation before seedling placement
The water is fed into the fishpond for about 2m (the net cage is 20-30 cm higher than the water surface), the fishpond is disinfected, and after 7 days of disinfection, the water is detoxified and cultivated, and the transparency of the water body is kept at 30-40 cm.
3. Seedling placement
200-600 mandarin fish fries/kg are selected, and are put into net boxes according to a specification, and 5000-10000 mandarin fish fries are put into each box.
Feeding and domestication management
(1) After the fries enter the net cage, the fries start to feed the palatable bait fishes 2-3 times per day, and the feeding is generally continued for 5.7 days;
(2) After one week, gradually feeding the dead and suffocating bait fish, and then transiting to mixed feeding of bait fish, mandarin fish starter feed and mandarin fish semi-floating feed;
(3) After 3 weeks, feeding 'bait fish + mandarin fish initial bait + mandarin fish semi-floating feed + mandarin fish full-floating feed';
(4) After 4 weeks, feeding the mandarin fish semi-floating feed gradually and transitionally.
5. Daily management
(1) Screening and domesticating, wherein the domesticated fish fries are subjected to one-direction bamboo screening fraction specification cultivation every 2 weeks;
(2) The water quality indexes such as dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the fishpond are periodically monitored by water quality monitoring and water quality culture, and the content of harmful substances in the water body is reduced by measures such as water culture, water changing and the like;
(3) Disease prevention because mandarin fish domestication process, pond water is in open state, receives influence such as weather, and the problem such as stress response and parasitic infection appear in mandarin fish seedling easily, consequently need in time do anti-stress treatment measure and regularly inspect disease prevention work such as mandarin fish parasite, when the discovery problem, in time do benefit to the maintenance work, the loss as far as possible.
6. Analysis of results
After the domestication for 5-6 weeks, most mandarin fish can ingest artificial compound feed, the closing rate is higher than 10%, and the domestication survival rate is generally 30% -50%.
Compared with the conventional method for domesticating mandarin fish fries in the pond in the comparative example 1, the conventional method has the problems of long domestication time, high closing rate, low domestication survival rate and the like; the following factors mainly exist for this reason: firstly, the water quality of the domesticated mandarin fish fries in the pond is uncontrollable, the water body of the pond is in an open state, the water body is easily influenced by weather and the like, the water quality is unstable, the diseases are numerous, when the fries of one net cage are ill, the fries of other net cages in the same pond are also easily and rapidly infected and ill, and the risk is high; secondly, the external environment for domesticating the fries is uncontrollable, and although the fries are shaded by the sunshade net, the proper feeding environment of the fries is difficult to provide, so that the feeding strength of the fries is low, and the domestication time is prolonged; thirdly, the facility condition is insufficient, the operations such as feeding domestication, sieving, classified cultivation, water quality management, disease prevention and the like are difficult to observe, the operation is difficult, the workload is large, the fine management is difficult to implement, and the feeding domestication result is greatly influenced by the climate condition and the management of workers.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, according to which one can obtain other embodiments without inventiveness, these embodiments are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly domesticating mandarin fish fries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
indoor industrial circulating water is adopted to cultivate mandarin fish fries;
feeding mandarin fish fries; feeding 2 meals every day; the illumination intensity during feeding is 300-800 lux;
the feeding includes:
feeding the first bait to the first meal until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 90%, and then supplementing and feeding live bait fish until the satiety rate is 100%;
the first bait comprises semi-dead bait fish with open feed stuck on the body surface;
feeding the second bait to the second meal and feeding the live bait to the third meal until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 90%, and then supplementing the live bait to the fish until the satiety rate is 100%;
the second bait comprises a suffocating fresh bait fish with an open feed adhered to the body surface;
feeding the third bait to the full rate of more than or equal to 60% in the fourth meal, and then supplementing the fourth bait to the full rate of 100%;
the third bait comprises semi-floating feed with an open feed wrapped on the surface; the mass percentage of the open feed in the third bait is less than or equal to 10 percent;
The fourth bait comprises a suffocating fresh bait fish with an open feed adhered to the body surface;
feeding a fifth bait to a full rate of more than or equal to 60% in a fifth meal, and then supplementing a fourth bait to a full rate of 100%;
the fifth bait comprises semi-floating feed with an open feed wrapped on the surface; the mass percentage of the open feed in the fifth bait is less than or equal to 5 percent;
feeding a fifth bait to the sixth meal until the satiety rate is more than or equal to 60%;
feeding the fifth bait to the full rate of more than or equal to 60% in the seventh meal, and then supplementing the fourth bait to the full rate of 80% -90%;
starting from the fifth day, the feeding of the first meal every day is adjusted on the basis of the feeding of the sixth meal, and the feeding amount of the full-floating feed is gradually increased to the feeding of the full-floating feed of the full meal;
starting from the fifth day, the feeding of the second meal every day is adjusted on the basis of the feeding of the seventh meal, and the feeding amount of the full-floating feed is gradually increased to the feeding of the full-floating feed of the full meal;
the total floating feed in two adjacent days is 10-15% different in weight percentage of the total feed fed every day.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the interval of 2 feeds is 8-10 hours; the feeding time is as follows: 1 meal is fed at 6 to 9 am and 1 meal is fed at 5 to 8 pm.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of time for each meal is between 10 and 30 minutes.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first bait comprises less than or equal to 5% by mass of starter feed.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first bait is fed in an amount of 10% -12% of the weight of the mandarin fish fries.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of open feed in the second bait is less than or equal to 10%.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second bait is fed in an amount of 8% -10% of the weight of the mandarin fish fries.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the complete float is fed 1-2 weeks after the fifth day.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the domesticating, screening the domesticated mandarin fish fries; the sieving includes a half-way towards the sieve; the semi-facing screen comprises stainless steel.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the means for indoor industrial recirculating aquaculture comprises a fishery system for altitude engineering recirculating aquaculture; the fishery system for ecological aquaculture of the plateau engineering circulating water comprises an aquaculture heat preservation workshop, an aquaculture pond, a heat preservation greenhouse and water treatment facilities, wherein a plurality of aquaculture ponds are arranged in the aquaculture heat preservation workshop, the aquaculture ponds are buried in the ground at the lower ends, the water treatment facilities are arranged in the heat preservation greenhouse, the water treatment facilities comprise a micro-filter, a primary acidification pond, a secondary sedimentation pond, a biochemical treatment pond and an ecological treatment pond which are sequentially connected, the water outlet of each aquaculture pond is communicated with the inlet of the micro-filter, the ecological treatment pond is communicated with each aquaculture pond, the micro-filter is used for conducting solid-liquid separation on aquaculture tail water discharged from the aquaculture pond, the liquid outlet of the micro-filter is communicated with the primary acidification pond, the primary acidification pond is used for conducting sedimentation and acidification treatment on liquid, the secondary sedimentation treatment on the liquid is conducted on the liquid, the ecological treatment pond is used for planting plants and conducting purification treatment on the liquid through the water-borne plants, the heat preservation curtain is covered on the heat preservation film, and the heat preservation film is rolled up by the heat preservation film.
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| CN106386585A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-02-15 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Siniperca chuatsi domestication aquaculture method for allowing Siniperca chuatsi to eat compound feed |
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| CN112243894A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2021-01-22 | 长江大学 | Artificial feed domesticating method for hybrid mandarin fish |
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