CN116387888A - 一种水下防水插座 - Google Patents
一种水下防水插座 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水下防水插座，防水插座包括插盒和插头，插头包括插脚和绝缘橡胶；插盒上设有插孔和外接电源线，插孔由密封圈、疏水插孔和纵向分布的疏水棉纤维丛组成；疏水插孔内设所述纵向分布的疏水棉纤维丛，所述疏水棉纤维丛是将含SiO2纳米颗粒、氟丙烯酸和异氰酸酯的疏水悬浮液喷涂在纵向分布的、刻蚀后的脱脂棉纤维丛表面而形成的。本发明的有益效果：本棉纤维丛材料具有疏水性，可以阻止外界环境中的水气进入插盒；同时棉纤维丛还其中密封效果，阻碍水分进入到插盒内部。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于用电设备领域，特别涉及一种可用于水下防水插座。
背景技术
一般地，水具有导电性，因为水中存在大量的导电离子和杂质。而且水会引起电路短路，使设备失效，甚至损坏设备。特别地，因水或其它原因漏电，可能会对人生命安全造成威胁。所以，用电设备总是会受到用水环境的限制，比如，水下电气设备、抗洪救灾、水下维护和检修、潜水作业和沐浴房等。在这些应用场景，往往需要用到电源插座，而如何实现电源插座的防水功能，是必然要考虑的重要问题。
水下用电设备为了达到标准的防水要求，通常采用一体化设计。例如，将电源从陆地上接入，水下部分采取全封闭措施，以此来达到防水的目的。但是这种设计太僵硬和笨重，往往都需要单独定制样式，无法更换、更改。一种设计只能对应一种环境，兼容性不高，而且造价高。另外，便携式电器则会在仪器内部配置电池，提供电能，虽然这种配置可以在不同场所使用，但是其电池容量有限，续航不足。因此，迫切地需要设计一款便携式防水插座，来提供长时间、安全、方便的工作条件，以满足人们生活和生产需要，于是设计出了各种不同类型的防水插座。
传统的防水插座常采用机械式插座来实现防水功能，其结构复杂，制造成本高；其次，传统的防水插座没有考虑深水压力对插座的破坏作用，插座极易受到损伤，从而引起安全事故；另外，环境泥沙对插座还有侵蚀作用，强大的冲击力对插座会造成严重破坏，以及插座在水中可能会悬浮，这都是亟待解决的问题。随着疏水纤维的兴起，可以考虑在传统插座的插孔处增设纵向分布的疏水纤维丛，实现对外界水环境与插座内部的隔绝，达到防水效果。还可以通过适当的外形设计，减小深水对插座的压力，以及增设配重悬挂物，实现固定插座位置等功能。
发明内容
本发明提供一种密封性能好的水下防水插座。
本发明的技术方案是：
一种水下防水插座，防水插座包括插盒和插头，插头包括插脚和绝缘橡胶；插盒上设有插孔和外接电源线，插孔由密封圈、疏水插孔和多层纵向分布的疏水棉纤维组成；疏水插孔内设所述多层纵向分布的疏水棉纤维，所述疏水棉纤维是将含SiO2纳米颗粒、氟丙烯酸和异氰酸酯的悬浮液喷涂在纵向分布的、刻蚀后的脱脂棉纤维丛基材表面而形成的。
上述疏水棉纤维的水表面接触角>150°，单根棉纤维的直径约为μm（微米）量级；所述涂层厚度为nm（纳米）量级。
进一步地，所述脱脂棉纤维的获得方式为：物将上等的棉纤维用清水清洗至流出液清澈为止，再将清洗过的棉纤维装入搪瓷锅中，然后向搪瓷锅中加入2%-5%浓度的NaOH（氢氧化钠）溶液至刚好淹没棉纤维，加盖煮沸后小火煮10分钟，冷却，继而用大量清水冲洗，同时进行揉搓，约10分钟，再把清洗好的棉纤维取出轧去多余水分，烘干，得到脱脂棉纤维。
进一步地，将所述脱脂棉纤维浸渍在蒸馏水和乙醇的清洗溶液中（乙醇占比5%-8%），在超声波仪器中进行清洗，随后烘干，备用。
进一步地，将NaOH、尿素和蒸馏水按2:3:15比例加入烧杯中，适当搅拌，得到NaOH/尿素刻蚀溶液，将刻蚀溶液在-10℃下冷却30分钟，再将清洗后的脱脂棉纤维浸入刻蚀溶液（浴比1：20），在低温下对脱脂棉纤维的表面进行刻蚀，时长60分钟，然后取出，放入5%硫酸和10%硫酸钠的凝固浴中5分钟，取出轧去多余水分，烘干。
进一步地，将刻蚀后的棉纤维进行径向排布，形成总厚度为5mm（厘米）纵向分布的棉纤维丛。
进一步地，在室温下将SiO2纳米颗粒、异氰酸酯、氟丙烯酸和去离子水按3:10:25:25比例混合，磁力搅拌2小时，得到疏水悬浮液。
进一步地，将所述疏水悬浮液喷涂在刻蚀后的脱脂棉纤维丛上，喷涂速度为5cm/s（厘米每秒），得到含疏水涂层的棉纤维质物，继而放入100℃的烘箱内干燥，时长2小时。
进一步地，上述纳米纤维棉纤维的水表面接触角>150°，单根棉纤维基材的直径约为μm量级；喷涂的疏水涂层厚度为纳米量级。
进一步地，用结构胶将上述疏水棉纤维丛沿纤维径向的一端固定在所述插孔内。
进一步地，上述防水插座上设有防护罩，所述防护罩通过铰链与插座的塑料壳体相连。
进一步地，上述防水插座上设有配重悬挂杆。
本发明的有益效果：本棉纤维丛材料具有疏水疏水性，可以阻止外界环境中的水气进入插盒；同时棉纤维丛还其中密封效果，阻碍水分进入到插盒内部。
其次，防护罩可以有效防止鱼类撞击，或高速沙石撞击而破坏密封圈。
附图说明
图1是水下插座整体结构图；
图2是水下插座插孔局部结构图；
图3为水下插座的插口的局剖面图；
图4是插头进入插孔过程示意图；
图5（a）是环境温度T=20℃时疏水棉纤维的水表面接触角的示意图；图5（b）接触角随SiO2含量的变化关系；
图6（a）接触角和滑动角随磨损周期的变化关系；图6（b）接触角和滑动角随疏水棉纤维在不同液体中浸泡时间的变化关系；
其中：1-插盒，2-插孔，21-密封圈，22-疏水插孔，23-纵向分布的疏水棉纤维丛，3-插孔防护罩，31-铰链， 32-防护罩线孔，4-配重悬挂杆，5-电源线，6-插头，61-插脚，62-绝缘橡胶，7-针管；8-水滴；9-疏水棉纤维。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例和附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
参见图1，是水下插座整体结构图，电源线5从柱状塑料壳体1的一端进入水下插座的内部，并与内部的金属簧片连接；电源线5与呈柱状塑料插盒1之间是无缝紧密接触，保证进线端不会有水进入插座内部。防护罩3通过铰链31与呈柱状塑料壳体1相连，并能自由开合。防护罩3上有预留插头出线孔32。在水下环境恶劣，防护罩3可以有效防止鱼类撞击，或高速沙石撞击而破坏密封圈21。当插上插头后，闭合上防护罩3，整个水下插座的外形结构呈现圆柱状；
配重悬挂杆4提供悬挂配重的位置；
用户可根据不同的水下作业环境，选取不同参量配重的悬挂物。
参见图2，为水下插座的插孔局部结构图，密封圈21与水下插座的插孔2圆形外壁紧密贴合，疏水插孔22中布置有纵向分布的疏水棉纤维丛23。标识23只展示了疏水棉纤维丛的局部俯视结构。
图3为水下插座的插口的局剖面图，疏水纳米纤维棉纤维丛23采用纵向分布的排列方式沿径向逐层堆叠排布。
柱状塑料插盒1采用聚氯乙烯制成，聚氯乙烯具有良好的绝缘性、耐压性和高强度等优点。
防护罩3用采用聚丙烯制成，聚丙烯具有耐压性强、透光性好等优点。
将物将上等的棉纤维用清水清洗至流出液清澈为止，再将清洗过的棉纤维装入搪瓷锅中，然后向搪瓷锅中加入2%-5%浓度的NaOH（氢氧化钠）溶液至刚好淹没棉纤维，加盖煮沸后小火煮10分钟，冷却，继而用大量清水冲洗，同时进行揉搓，约10分钟，再把清洗好的棉纤维取出轧去多余水分，烘干，得到脱脂棉纤维。
进一步地，将所述脱脂棉纤维浸渍在蒸馏水和乙醇的清洗溶液中（乙醇占比5%-8%），在超声波仪器中进行清洗，随后烘干，备用。
再将NaOH、尿素和蒸馏水按2:3:15比例加入烧杯中，适当搅拌，得到NaOH/尿素刻蚀溶液，将刻蚀溶液在-10℃下冷却30分钟，在将清洗后的脱脂棉纤维浸入刻蚀溶液（浴比1：20），在低温下对脱脂棉纤维的表面进行刻蚀，时长60分钟，然后取出，放入5%硫酸和10%硫酸钠的凝固浴中5分钟，取出轧去多余水分，烘干。
进一步地，将刻蚀后的棉纤维进行径向排布，形成总厚度为5mm纵向分布的棉纤维丛。
继而在室温下将SiO2纳米颗粒、异氰酸酯、氟丙烯酸和去离子水按3:10:25:25比例混合，磁力搅拌2小时，得到疏水悬浮液。
再将所述疏水悬浮液喷涂在刻蚀后的脱脂棉纤维上，喷涂速度为5cm/s，得到含疏水涂层的棉质物纤维，继而放入100℃的烘箱内干燥，时长2小时。
将含SiO2纳米颗粒、氟丙烯酸和异氰酸酯的疏水悬浮液，喷涂在纵向分布的、刻蚀后脱脂棉纤维丛表面上形成疏水棉纤维丛。
最后用结构胶将上述疏水棉纤维丛沿纤维径向的一端固定在所述疏水插孔内。
所述疏水棉纤维与水表面的接触角>150°，单根棉纤维的直径约为μm量级；所述涂层厚度为nm量级。
如图4所示；疏水纤维的厚度，即插头的拔插方向，总体设置为5mm，图4给出的插头6进入插孔过程的示意图，绝缘橡胶62附着在插脚61后端，长度设置为10mm。当插头6插入时，疏水棉纤维丛23受到力的作用下发生形变，疏水棉纤维丛23与插脚61紧密接触，在疏水纳米纤维棉纤维丛的作用下，因此插脚61不会将水带入插头内部；插头6的根部设置的10mm的绝缘橡胶62，可以保证插头在插入后与插孔的紧密接触，保持外界水环境与插板内部的隔离状态。
图5（a）给出的是当环境温度为T=20℃时所述疏水棉纤维的水表面接触角情况。用针管将水滴滴在疏水棉纤维上，通过接触角测定仪，测得此时的接触角为θ=154.6±2°。提高环境温度，当环境温度为T=40℃时所述疏水棉纤维的水表面接触角情况。测得此时的接触角为θ=163.2±1.5°。这是因为温度升高，水滴表面张力增大，导致疏水棉纤维的水表面接触角增大。当降低或增大环境温度，通过类似的实验得出所述疏水棉纤维的水表面接触角都大于150°。
图5（b）给出的是水滴接触角随SiO2纳米颗粒在疏水悬浮液所占比例的变化关系。由于氟丙烯酸本身就存在一定的疏水性，所以即便SiO2纳米颗粒含量为零，将悬浮液喷涂到棉纤维上，水滴接触角也可以达到θ=110°。横坐标η表示SiO2纳米颗粒在疏水悬浮液中的百分比，纵坐标单位Deg.表示角度“°”。可以看到，随着SiO2纳米颗粒在疏水悬浮液中所占比例的增加，水滴在疏水棉纤维上的接触角逐渐增加。当η=5%时，达到最大θ=165°，再提高SiO2纳米颗粒含量，接触角基本保持不变。
图6(a)给出的是水滴接触角和滑动角随磨损周期的变化关系。当用电插头在插孔中来回拔插时，疏水涂层将受到反复不断地磨蚀。因此，将疏水棉纤维晶格砂纸反复磨损，测试其疏水性能变化。SiO2纳米颗粒、异氰酸酯、氟丙烯酸和去离子水按3:10:25:25比例的疏水悬浮液为例，砂纸规格为280mm×220mm×P800，砝码100g（克），将疏水棉纤维放置于砂纸上，再用砝码压在棉纤维上来回反复摩擦，N表示循环次数。可以看到，随着摩擦循环次数的增加，疏水棉纤维的疏水角θ会略微地起伏，而滑动角φ略微地增加，但是其整体疏水性能保持不变。
图6（b）给出的是接触角和滑动角随棉纤维在不同液体中浸泡时间的变化关系。将棉质浸入到不同的液体中，如去离子水（Deionized water）、酸性（Acid）液体和碱性（Base）液体中，棉纤维上的疏水涂层的耐水性将改变。以SiO2纳米颗粒、异氰酸酯、氟丙烯酸和去离子水按3:10:25:25比例的疏水悬浮液为例，分别在去离子水、硫酸溶液和氢氧化钠溶液分别浸泡6h-24h（小时）后，验证其耐水性和疏水性。可以看到，随着疏水棉纤维浸如液体的时间增大，水滴接触角θ略微地降低，而滑动角φ逐渐升高。但总体上，疏水棉纤维的疏水性能基本保持不变。另外，将疏水棉纤维在去离子水中浸泡24h后取出，在热空气中进行吹扫，其疏水性立即恢复。将疏水棉纤维在硫酸溶液（pH=1）浸泡24h后取出，用乙醇对其表面进行清洗，并用热空气吹干，其疏水性能保持不变。再将疏水棉纤维在氢氧化钠溶液（pH=10）浸泡24h后取出、清洗并吹干，其外观和疏水性能很快就恢复，但是提高氢氧化钠的浓度，使其pH>14，将疏水棉纤维在氢氧化钠溶液浸入，1h后疏水涂层开始脱落。
Claims (8)
1.一种水下防水插座，所述防水插座包括插盒和插头，所述插头包括插脚和绝缘橡胶；其特征在于，
所述插盒上设有插孔和外接电源线，所述插孔由密封圈、疏水插孔和纵向分布的疏水棉纤维丛组成；
所述疏水插孔内设所述疏水棉纤维丛，所述疏水棉纤维丛是将含SiO2纳米颗粒、氟丙烯酸和异氰酸酯的疏水悬浮液喷涂在纵向分布的、刻蚀后脱脂棉纤维丛表面而形成的。
2.如权利要求1所述的水下防水插座，其特征在于，所述脱脂棉纤维丛由脱脂棉纤维构成，所述脱脂棉纤维的水表面接触角>150°，单根棉纤维基材的直径约为μm量级；喷涂的疏水涂层厚度为纳米量级。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的水下防水插座，其特征在于，刻蚀后脱脂棉纤维的获得方式为：
S1:将上等的棉纤维用清水清洗至流出液清澈为止，再将清洗过的棉纤维装入搪瓷锅中，然后向搪瓷锅中加入2%-5%浓度的NaOH溶液至刚好淹没棉纤维，加盖煮沸后小火煮10分钟，冷却，继而用大量清水冲洗，同时进行揉搓，约10分钟，再把清洗好的棉纤维取出轧去多余水分，烘干；
S2:将所述脱脂棉纤维浸渍在蒸馏水和乙醇的清洗溶液中，其中，所述乙醇占比5%-8%，在超声波仪器中进行清洗，随后烘干，备用；
S3:将NaOH、尿素和蒸馏水按2:3:15比例加入烧杯中，适当搅拌，得到NaOH/尿素刻蚀溶液，将刻蚀溶液在-10℃下冷却30分钟，在将清洗后的脱脂棉纤维浸入刻蚀溶液其中，浴比为1:20，在低温下对脱脂棉纤维的表面进行刻蚀，时长60分钟，然后取出，放入5%硫酸和10%硫酸钠的凝固浴中5分钟，取出轧去多余水分，烘干得到刻蚀后脱脂棉纤维。
4.如权利要求1所述的水下防水插座，其特征在于，所述疏水棉纤维制备为：
在室温下将SiO2纳米颗粒、异氰酸酯、氟丙烯酸和去离子水按3:10:25:25比例混合，磁力搅拌2小时，得到疏水悬浮液；
将所述疏水悬浮液喷涂在刻蚀后的脱脂棉纤维从上，喷涂速度为5cm/s，得到含疏水涂层的棉纤维，继而放入100℃的烘箱内干燥，时长2小时。
5.如权利要求4所述的水下防水插座，其特征在于，所述脱脂棉纤维丛制备为：将刻蚀后的棉纤维进行径向排布，形成总厚度为5mm纵向分布的脱脂棉纤维丛。
6.如权利要求1所述的水下防水插座，其特征在于，用结构胶将上述疏水棉纤维丛沿纤维径向的一端固定在所述疏水插孔内。
7.如权利要求1所述的水下防水插座，其特征在于，所述防水插座上设有防护罩，所述防护罩通过铰链与插座的塑料壳体相连。
8.如权利要求1所述的水下防水插座，其特征在于，所述防水插座上设有配重悬挂杆。
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| CN103272647A (zh) * | 2013-05-11 | 2013-09-04 | 台州学院 | 一种用于染料脱色的纤维素基ZnO-CdS复合光催化剂的制备方法 |
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